EP0618634A1 - Coaxial switch - Google Patents

Coaxial switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0618634A1
EP0618634A1 EP93120994A EP93120994A EP0618634A1 EP 0618634 A1 EP0618634 A1 EP 0618634A1 EP 93120994 A EP93120994 A EP 93120994A EP 93120994 A EP93120994 A EP 93120994A EP 0618634 A1 EP0618634 A1 EP 0618634A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leaf spring
coaxial
coaxial switch
switch according
leaf
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93120994A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0618634B1 (en
Inventor
Eckart Hettlage
Gerd Ruff
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Teldix GmbH
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Publication of EP0618634A1 publication Critical patent/EP0618634A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/10—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting
    • H01P1/12—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting by mechanical chopper
    • H01P1/125—Coaxial switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/64—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact
    • H01H50/645—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part making a resilient or flexible connection
    • H01H50/646—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part making a resilient or flexible connection intermediate part being a blade spring

Definitions

  • the present invention is based on a coaxial switch, as known from DE 31 24 830 A1 and DE 31 22 780 A1.
  • at least one conductive connecting element is moved using one or more dielectric holding supports that slide in openings in a wall.
  • forces act on the dielectric holding supports, and the connecting element is brought into connection with two inner conductors of the coaxial lines by displacement.
  • the coil spring-loaded insulating elements create a counterforce that pushes the connecting element back into its initial position when the electrical connection is to be interrupted.
  • DE-OS 16 15 594 discloses a coaxial switch in which a connecting element and a holding support are moved via a single leaf spring.
  • the support bracket is passed through a wall of a cavity in which the connecting element is located.
  • the leaf spring is located outside the cavity.
  • DE 24 60 266 A1 discloses a device for selectively switching on one of two four-pole connections between two asymmetrical lines. There are two Inner conductor ends together between two outer conductor surfaces, which are each formed by a leaf spring and carry four poles, which can be alternately connected between the inner conductors.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a coaxial switch of the type mentioned, which achieves high reliability. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous designs emerge from the subclaims.
  • connecting elements are mounted in a leaf spring arrangement. This results in designs with very little wear, which achieves high reliability.
  • a precise linear movement of the connecting element is achieved by a leaf spring arrangement.
  • no sliding guide is required for the support brackets, these can be moved in a housing bore without contact and smoothly.
  • the support posts usually made of a dielectric material, do not suffer wear and tear Any abrasion that could impair the properties of the coaxial switch is avoided.
  • the leaf spring arrangement is e.g. constructed from two spring membranes arranged one above the other, in which leaf springs have been produced by cuts. Two leaf springs of the two spring membranes are connected to each other to form a four-leaf spring straight guide.
  • the leaf springs in the spring membranes are dimensioned and arranged in such a way that a stable spring joint guide is created without transverse displacement.
  • the advantageous arrangement of the leaf springs results in a compact and lightweight switch.
  • the friction-free mounting of the inner conductor also allows a purely magnetic drive.
  • the measures mentioned achieve a very high reliability of the coaxial switch. This is particularly important for designs for space technology.
  • Figure 1 shows the principle of operation of a transfer switch with four connections 1, 2, 3, 4 and two switching positions item 1 and item 2.
  • item 1 the connections 1 with 3 and 4 with 2 and in item 2 the connections 1 with 4 and 2 with 3 each connected to each other.
  • Figure 2 shows the basic embodiment of a T-switch with four connections 1, 2, 3, 4 and three switch positions pos. 1, pos. 2 and pos. 3. The connections between the connections are shown in the drawings according to Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a transfer switch 20 in a section through an axis 15.
  • 1 shows a coaxial high-frequency connection and 2 the elongated inner conductor, which ends in a cavity 3 in the housing.
  • the wall of the cavity 3 forms, together with a connecting element 4 (the longitudinal direction of which runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing), a coaxial line which, depending on the switching position, forms a connection between the ends of the inner conductor 2 of two connections 1 (see FIG. 1, connections 1, 2 , 3, 4).
  • a further connecting element 4 is provided mirror-symmetrically to the axis 15. It is guided by means of a leaf spring arrangement (leaf spring straight guide) 7, 8, 9, 10 and dielectric holding supports 5, which are passed through a through opening 6 of a wall of the cavity 3 without contact and smoothly.
  • the leaf spring straight guide 7, 8, 9, 10 serves as a guide device for the holding support 5.
  • 7 and 9 show two spring membranes (see FIG. 4), which at their outer ends (at 34 in FIG. 4) by coupling pins 10 and at their free spring ends (at 31, 32, 33 in FIG. 4) by the dielectric holding supports 5 and permanent magnets 8.
  • the respective center of the two spring membranes 7, 9 is clamped in the switch center 17.
  • the drive for support brackets 5 consists of a rotor 12
  • 18 shows a bearing of the rotor 12, 16 an electrical connection.
  • FIG. 4 shows a spring membrane 30 (7, 9 in FIG. 3) of the transfer switch 20 (FIG. 3), which contains segments 36 and 37, which correspond to a leaf spring which is folded into itself.
  • the dielectric support brackets 5 and the permanent magnets 8 are fastened to the segment 36 via bores 31, 32, 33, the coupling pins 10 to bores 34.
  • the bore 38 serves to fasten the spring membrane 30 in the center of the switch 17.
  • the segments 36 and 37 can be understood as a series connection of two springs, the folding results in a sufficiently large spring travel with compact dimensions.
  • FIG. 5 shows a T switch 40 in an axial section.
  • 41 and 42 show two coaxial high-frequency connections, 43 and 44 are the extended inner conductors.
  • Two spring membranes 48 and 49 are attached in this switch design in the border 51 of the switch. These contain leaf springs (see FIG. 6) which serve as guide devices 48, 49, 50 for dielectric holding supports 46, 47.
  • leaf springs which serve as guide devices 48, 49, 50 for dielectric holding supports 46, 47.
  • a support bracket 46a which carries an invisible connecting element, is also assigned a leaf spring arrangement with leaf springs in the different diaphragm springs 48, 49.
  • the dielectric holding supports 46, 47 move a connecting element 45 for contacting the two inner conductors 43 and 44.
  • the holding supports 46, 47 are deflected by a drive, corresponding to that of the coaxial switch 20 described with reference to FIG. 3, which contains a rotor 53.
  • a permanent magnet 52 of the rotor 53 moves a permanent magnet 50 of the guide device 48, 49, 50.
  • the rotor 53 contains permanent magnets 52 with different polarities, so that the holding supports 46, 47 can be moved in opposite directions.
  • the support brackets 46, 47 are also here contactless and therefore smooth Feed-through openings 54, 55 are passed through a wall.
  • FIG. 6 shows a leaf spring 60 of a spring membrane (48, 49) of the T switch 40 (see FIG. 5).
  • An inner segment 65 and an outer segment 66 are produced in the spring membrane (48, 49) by means of two arcuate or U-shaped cuts 63, 64, which together correspond to a leaf spring folded into itself. These two segments 65, 66 are also dimensioned such that their transverse displacements compensate one another when deflected.
  • the dielectric holding supports 46, 47 and the permanent magnet 50 (FIG. 5) are fastened to the bores 61, 62.
  • Two leaf springs 60 made of different spring membranes 48, 49 of the T switch 40 are each arranged one above the other and together form a four-leaf spring straight guide. In this embodiment, a plurality of leaf springs 60 can be distributed as desired in a spring membrane (48, 49).
  • the cuts 63, 64 can also be made in other shapes, e.g. shown in Fig. 4.

Landscapes

  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a coaxial switch which achieves very high reliability as a result of the use of a leaf-spring arrangement (7, 8, 9, 10). Via dielectric retaining supports (5), this leaf-spring arrangement (7, 8, 9, 10) moves connecting elements (4) with which extended inner conductors (2) of coaxial connections (1) make contact. The dielectric retaining supports (5) pass through the wall (6) of a cavity (3) without touching and without friction. This avoids wear of the retaining supports (5). Exemplary embodiments are compact and light transfer switches and T-switches for space technology. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung geht von einem Koaxialschalter aus, wie aus der DE 31 24 830 A1 und der DE 31 22 780 A1 bekannt. Hier wird mindestens ein leitendes Verbindungselement unter Verwendung von einem oder mehreren dielektrischen Haltestützen, die in Öffnungen einer Wandung gleiten, bewegt. Weiterhin sind schraubenfederbeaufschlagte, in Öffnungen gleitend bewegbare Isolierelemente vorhanden. Zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen koaxialen Leitungen wirken Kräfte auf die dielektrischen Haltestützen, und durch eine Verschiebung wird das Verbindungselement in Verbindung mit Zwei Innenleitern der koaxialen Leitungen gebracht. Die schraubenfederbeaufschlagten Isolierelemente bewirken eine Gegenkraft, die das Verbindungselement wieder in seine Ausgangslage zurückschiebt, wenn die elektrische Verbindung unterbrochen werden soll.The present invention is based on a coaxial switch, as known from DE 31 24 830 A1 and DE 31 22 780 A1. Here, at least one conductive connecting element is moved using one or more dielectric holding supports that slide in openings in a wall. There are also coil spring-loaded insulating elements which can slide in openings. For establishing an electrical connection between coaxial lines, forces act on the dielectric holding supports, and the connecting element is brought into connection with two inner conductors of the coaxial lines by displacement. The coil spring-loaded insulating elements create a counterforce that pushes the connecting element back into its initial position when the electrical connection is to be interrupted.

In der DE-OS 16 15 594 ist ein Koaxialschalter offenbart, bei dem ein Verbindungselement und eine Haltestütze über eine einzelne Blattfeder bewegt werden. Die Haltestütze ist durch eine Wandung eines Hohlraums, in dem sich das Verbindungselement befindet, hindurchgeführt. Die Blattfeder befindet sich außerhalb des Hohlraums.DE-OS 16 15 594 discloses a coaxial switch in which a connecting element and a holding support are moved via a single leaf spring. The support bracket is passed through a wall of a cavity in which the connecting element is located. The leaf spring is located outside the cavity.

Aus der DE 24 60 266 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum wahlweisen Einschalten eines von zwei Vierpolen zwischen zwei unsymmetrische Leitungen bekannt. Dabei befinden sich zwei Innenleiterenden gemeinsam zwischen zwei Außenleiterflächen, die jeweils durch eine Blattfeder gebildet sind und Vierpole tragen, die abwechselnd zwischen die Innenleiter geschaltet werden können.DE 24 60 266 A1 discloses a device for selectively switching on one of two four-pole connections between two asymmetrical lines. There are two Inner conductor ends together between two outer conductor surfaces, which are each formed by a leaf spring and carry four poles, which can be alternately connected between the inner conductors.

Ein weiterer Koaxialschalter ist aus der DE 39 23 158 A1 bekannt. Hier sind die Verbindungselemente an einem Rotor angeordnet. Das Schalten in eine andere Schalterstellung erfolgt in drei Phasen:

  • 1) Durch eine axiale Bewegung des Rotors werden die Kontakte aufgetrennt,
  • 2) der Rotor wird durch eine Drehung in die gewünschte Schalterstellung gebracht,
  • 3) durch einen Federbalg wird eine axiale Bewegung des Rotors zur Verbindung der Kontakte erzeugt.
Another coaxial switch is known from DE 39 23 158 A1. Here the connecting elements are arranged on a rotor. Switching to another switch position takes place in three phases:
  • 1) The contacts are separated by an axial movement of the rotor,
  • 2) the rotor is turned to the desired switch position,
  • 3) an axial movement of the rotor for connecting the contacts is generated by a bellows.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Koaxialschalter der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, der eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit erreicht. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.The present invention has for its object to provide a coaxial switch of the type mentioned, which achieves high reliability. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous designs emerge from the subclaims.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Koaxialschalter sind Verbindungselemente in einer Blattfederanordnung gelagert. Dies ergibt Ausführungen mit sehr geringer Abnutzung, wodurch eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit erzielt wird.In the coaxial switch according to the invention, connecting elements are mounted in a leaf spring arrangement. This results in designs with very little wear, which achieves high reliability.

Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung wird durch eine Blattfederanordnung eine präzise Linearbewegung des Verbindungselements erreicht. Hierdurch ist keine Gleitführung für die Haltestützen erforderlich, diese können berührungslos und reibungslos in einer Gehäusebohrung bewegt werden. Die Haltestützen, üblicherweise aus einem dielektrischen Material, erleiden keine Abnutzung, und jeglicher Abrieb, der zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Eigenschaften des Koaxialschalters führen könnte, wird vermieden.In an embodiment according to the invention, a precise linear movement of the connecting element is achieved by a leaf spring arrangement. As a result, no sliding guide is required for the support brackets, these can be moved in a housing bore without contact and smoothly. The support posts, usually made of a dielectric material, do not suffer wear and tear Any abrasion that could impair the properties of the coaxial switch is avoided.

Die Blattfederanordnung ist z.B. aufgebaut aus zwei übereinander angeordneten Federmembranen, in denen durch Schnitte Blattfedern erzeugt worden sind. Zwei Blattfedern der beiden Federmembranen sind jeweils miteinander zu einer Vierblattfeder-Geradführung verbunden. Die Blattfedern in den Federmembranen sind so dimensioniert und angeordnet, daß eine stabile Federgelenkführung ohne Querversetzung entsteht.The leaf spring arrangement is e.g. constructed from two spring membranes arranged one above the other, in which leaf springs have been produced by cuts. Two leaf springs of the two spring membranes are connected to each other to form a four-leaf spring straight guide. The leaf springs in the spring membranes are dimensioned and arranged in such a way that a stable spring joint guide is created without transverse displacement.

Durch die vorteilhafte Anordnung der Blattfedern wird ein kompakter und leichter Schalter realisiert. Die reibungsfreie Lagerung des Innenleiters erlaubt weiterhin einen rein magnetischen Antrieb. An der Blattfederanordnung befinden sich Permanentmagnete, die durch die Permanentmagnete eines Rotors berührungslos ausgelenkt werden, und diese Bewegung wird durch die Federgelenkführung auf die Verbindungselemente übertragen. Durch die genannten Maßnahmen wird eine sehr hohe Zuverlässigkeit des Koaxialschalters erreicht. Dies ist insbesondere bei Ausführungen für die Raumfahrttechnik wesentlich.The advantageous arrangement of the leaf springs results in a compact and lightweight switch. The friction-free mounting of the inner conductor also allows a purely magnetic drive. There are permanent magnets on the leaf spring arrangement, which are deflected without contact by the permanent magnets of a rotor, and this movement is transmitted to the connecting elements by the spring joint guide. The measures mentioned achieve a very high reliability of the coaxial switch. This is particularly important for designs for space technology.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
die zwei Schaltstellungen eines Transfer-Schalters,
Fig. 2
die drei Schaltstellungen eines T-Schalters,
Fig. 3
einen Transfer-Schalter im axialen Schnitt,
Fig. 4
eine Federmembran für einen Transfer-Schalter,
Fig. 5
einen T-Schalter im axialen Schnitt und
Fig. 6
eine Blattfeder für einen T-Schalter.
Embodiments of the invention are explained with reference to the drawings. Show it
Fig. 1
the two switch positions of a transfer switch,
Fig. 2
the three switch positions of a T switch,
Fig. 3
a transfer switch in axial section,
Fig. 4
a spring membrane for a transfer switch,
Fig. 5
a T-switch in axial section and
Fig. 6
a leaf spring for a T switch.

Figur 1 zeigt die prinzipielle Funktionsweise eines Transfer-Schalters mit vier Anschlüssen 1, 2, 3, 4 und zwei Schaltstellungen Pos. 1 und Pos. 2. In Pos. 1 werden die Anschlüsse 1 mit 3 und 4 mit 2 und in Pos. 2 die Anschlüsse 1 mit 4 und 2 mit 3 jeweils miteinander verbunden.Figure 1 shows the principle of operation of a transfer switch with four connections 1, 2, 3, 4 and two switching positions item 1 and item 2. In item 1, the connections 1 with 3 and 4 with 2 and in item 2 the connections 1 with 4 and 2 with 3 each connected to each other.

Figur 2 zeigt die prinzipielle Ausführungsform eines T-Schalters mit vier Anschlüssen 1, 2, 3, 4 und drei Schaltstellungen Pos. 1, Pos. 2 und Pos. 3. Die Verbindungen zwischen den Anschlüssen sind entsprechend Fig. 1 aus den Zeichnungen ersichtlich.Figure 2 shows the basic embodiment of a T-switch with four connections 1, 2, 3, 4 and three switch positions pos. 1, pos. 2 and pos. 3. The connections between the connections are shown in the drawings according to Fig. 1.

In der Figur 3 ist ein Transfer-Schalter 20 in einem Schnitt durch eine Achse 15 dargestellt. 1 zeigt einen koaxialen Hochfrequenz-Anschluß und 2 den verlängerten Innenleiter, der in einem Hohlraum 3 im Gehäuse endet. Die Wandung des Hohlraums 3 bildet zusammen mit einem Verbindungselement 4 (dessen Längsrichtung senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene verläuft) eine Koaxialleitung, die, je nach Schaltstellung, eine Verbindung zwischen den Enden der Innenleiter 2 zweier Anschlüsse 1 (s. Fig. 1, Anschlüsse 1, 2, 3, 4) herstellt.3 shows a transfer switch 20 in a section through an axis 15. 1 shows a coaxial high-frequency connection and 2 the elongated inner conductor, which ends in a cavity 3 in the housing. The wall of the cavity 3 forms, together with a connecting element 4 (the longitudinal direction of which runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing), a coaxial line which, depending on the switching position, forms a connection between the ends of the inner conductor 2 of two connections 1 (see FIG. 1, connections 1, 2 , 3, 4).

Spiegelsymmetrisch zur Achse 15 ist ein weiteres Verbindungselement 4 vorgesehen. Es wird mittels einer Blattfederanordnung (Blattfeder-Geradführung) 7, 8, 9, 10 und dielektrischer Haltestützen 5, die berührungslos und reibungslos durch jeweils eine Durchführungsöffnung 6 einer Wandung des Hohlraums 3 hindurchgeführt sind, geführt. Die Blattfeder-Geradeführung 7, 8, 9, 10 dient als Führungseinrichtung für die Haltestütze 5. 7 und 9 zeigen zwei Federmembranen (siehe Fig. 4), die an ihren äußeren Enden (bei 34 in Fig. 4) durch Koppelstifte 10 und an ihren freien Federenden (bei 31, 32, 33 in Fig. 4) durch die dielektrischen Haltestützen 5 und Permanentmagnete 8 miteinander verbunden sind. Die jeweilige Mitte der beiden Federmembranen 7, 9 ist in der Schaltermitte 17 eingespannt. Der Antrieb für Haltestützen 5 besteht aus einem Rotor 12 mitA further connecting element 4 is provided mirror-symmetrically to the axis 15. It is guided by means of a leaf spring arrangement (leaf spring straight guide) 7, 8, 9, 10 and dielectric holding supports 5, which are passed through a through opening 6 of a wall of the cavity 3 without contact and smoothly. The leaf spring straight guide 7, 8, 9, 10 serves as a guide device for the holding support 5. 7 and 9 show two spring membranes (see FIG. 4), which at their outer ends (at 34 in FIG. 4) by coupling pins 10 and at their free spring ends (at 31, 32, 33 in FIG. 4) by the dielectric holding supports 5 and permanent magnets 8. The respective center of the two spring membranes 7, 9 is clamped in the switch center 17. The drive for support brackets 5 consists of a rotor 12

Permanentmagneten 13, auf die Spulen 11 einwirken, und Permanentmagneten 14, die anziehende oder abstoßende Kräfte, je nach Polung der Permanentmagnete 14, auf die Permanentmagnete 8 ausüben. 18 zeigt ein Lager des Rotors 12, 16 einen elektrischen Anschluß.Permanent magnets 13, act on the coils 11, and permanent magnets 14, which exert attractive or repulsive forces, depending on the polarity of the permanent magnets 14, on the permanent magnets 8. 18 shows a bearing of the rotor 12, 16 an electrical connection.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Federmembran 30 (7, 9 in Fig. 3) des Transferschalters 20 (Fig. 3), die Segmente 36 und 37 enthält, die einer in sich gefalteten Blattfeder entsprechen. Die dielektrischen Haltestützen 5 und die Permanentmagnete 8 werden über Bohrungen 31, 32, 33 an dem Segment 36 befestigt, die Koppelstifte 10 an Bohrungen 34. Die Bohrung 38 dient zur Befestigung der Federmembran 30 in der Schaltermitte 17. Durch Schnitte 35 sind innere Segmente 36 und äußere Segmente 37 in der Federmembran 30 ausgebildet. Die Segmente 36 und 37 können als Hintereinanderschaltung von zwei Federn aufgefaßt werden, durch die Faltung wird ein hinreichend großer Federweg erzielt bei kompakten Abmessungen.FIG. 4 shows a spring membrane 30 (7, 9 in FIG. 3) of the transfer switch 20 (FIG. 3), which contains segments 36 and 37, which correspond to a leaf spring which is folded into itself. The dielectric support brackets 5 and the permanent magnets 8 are fastened to the segment 36 via bores 31, 32, 33, the coupling pins 10 to bores 34. The bore 38 serves to fasten the spring membrane 30 in the center of the switch 17. Through sections 35, inner segments 36 and outer segments 37 formed in the spring membrane 30. The segments 36 and 37 can be understood as a series connection of two springs, the folding results in a sufficiently large spring travel with compact dimensions.

Bei einer Auslenkung durch den Permanentmagnet 8 werden die beiden betreffenden Segmente 36, 37 gebogen. Dabei verkürzt sich der Abstand zwischen der Bohrung 34 und der Achse der Bohrung 38. Auch der Abstand zwischen der Bohrung 32 und der Achse der Bohrung 34 verkürzt sich. Durch die Faltung verlaufen die Biegungen bei geeigneter Dimensionierung der Segmente 36, 37 so, daß sich die Verkürzungen, und damit die Querversetzungen, in der Blattfeder kompensieren, d.h., der Abstand zwischen der Bohrung 32 und der Achse der Bohrung 38 bleibt fast konstant. Jeweils zwei Blattfedern aus unterschiedlichen Federmembranen 7, 9 dieser Art 30 ergeben zusammen eine Vierblattfeder-Aufhängung mit exakter Geradführung und guter Querstabilität. Solche Blattfederanordnungen sind aus der Feinwerktechnik bekannt (z.B. S. Hildebrandt: "Feinmechanische Bauelemente", C. Hanser Verlag München, 1968). In einer Federmembran 30 sind vier gleichartige Blattfedern einstückig zusammengefaßt, die zu unterschiedlichen Blattfederanordnungen gehören.In the event of a deflection by the permanent magnet 8, the two segments 36, 37 concerned are bent. The distance between the bore 34 and the axis of the bore 38 is shortened. The distance between the bore 32 and the axis of the bore 34 is also shortened. Due to the folding, the bends, with a suitable dimensioning of the segments 36, 37, compensate for the shortenings, and thus the transverse displacements, in the leaf spring, ie, the distance between the bore 32 and the axis of the bore 38 remains almost constant. Two leaf springs each made of different spring membranes 7, 9 of this type 30 together result in a four-leaf spring suspension with precise straight guidance and good transverse stability. Such leaf spring arrangements are known from precision engineering (eg S. Hildebrandt: "Feinmechanische Bauelemente", C. Hanser Verlag Munich, 1968). In a spring diaphragm 30 four identical leaf springs are combined in one piece, which belong to different leaf spring arrangements.

In Fig. 5 ist ein T-Schalter 40 in einem axialen Schnitt dargestellt. 41 und 42 zeigen zwei koaxiale Hochfrequenzanschlüsse, 43 und 44 sind die verlängerten Innenleiter. Zwei Federmembranen 48 und 49 sind bei dieser Schalterausführung in der Umrandung 51 des Schalters befestigt. Diese enthalten Blattfedern (siehe Fig. 6), die als Führungseinrichtung 48, 49, 50 für dielektrische Haltestützen 46, 47 dienen. Auch hier bilden jeweils zwei Blattfedern, die parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, aber Bestandteil unterschiedlicher Federmembranen 48, 49 sind, eine Blattfederanordnung. Einer Haltestütze 46a, die ein nicht sichtbares Verbindungselement trägt, ist ebenfalls eine Blattfederanordnung mit Blattfedern in den unterschiedlichen Membranfedern 48, 49 zugeordnet. Die dielektrischen Haltestützen 46, 47 bewegen ein Verbindungselement 45 zur Kontaktierung der beiden Innenleiter 43 und 44. Die Haltestützen 46, 47 werden durch einen Antrieb, entsprechend dem des anhand der Fig. 3 beschriebenen Koaxialschalters 20, der einen Rotor 53 enthält, ausgelenkt. Hierzu bewegt ein Permanentmagnet 52 des Rotors 53 einen Permanentmagneten 50 der Führungseinrichtung 48, 49, 50. Der Rotor 53 enthält Permanentmagnete 52 mit unterschiedlicher Polung, so daß die Haltestützen 46, 47 in entgegengesetzte Richungen bewegbar sind. Die Haltestützen 46, 47 werden hier ebenfalls berührungslos und dadurch reibungslos durch Durchführungsöffnungen 54, 55 einer Wandung hindurchgeführt.5 shows a T switch 40 in an axial section. 41 and 42 show two coaxial high-frequency connections, 43 and 44 are the extended inner conductors. Two spring membranes 48 and 49 are attached in this switch design in the border 51 of the switch. These contain leaf springs (see FIG. 6) which serve as guide devices 48, 49, 50 for dielectric holding supports 46, 47. Here, too, two leaf springs, which are arranged parallel to one another but are part of different spring membranes 48, 49, form a leaf spring arrangement. A support bracket 46a, which carries an invisible connecting element, is also assigned a leaf spring arrangement with leaf springs in the different diaphragm springs 48, 49. The dielectric holding supports 46, 47 move a connecting element 45 for contacting the two inner conductors 43 and 44. The holding supports 46, 47 are deflected by a drive, corresponding to that of the coaxial switch 20 described with reference to FIG. 3, which contains a rotor 53. For this purpose, a permanent magnet 52 of the rotor 53 moves a permanent magnet 50 of the guide device 48, 49, 50. The rotor 53 contains permanent magnets 52 with different polarities, so that the holding supports 46, 47 can be moved in opposite directions. The support brackets 46, 47 are also here contactless and therefore smooth Feed-through openings 54, 55 are passed through a wall.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Blattfeder 60 einer Federmembran (48, 49) des T-Schalters 40 (s. Fig. 5). Durch zwei bogenförmige bzw. U-förmige Schnitte 63, 64 ist in der Federmembran (48, 49) ein inneres Segment 65 und ein äußeres Segment 66 erzeugt, die zusammengenommen einer in sich gefalteten Blattfeder entsprechen. Diese beiden Segmente 65, 66 sind ebenfalls so dimensioniert, daß sich ihre Querversetzungen bei einer Auslenkung gegenseitig kompensieren. Die dielektrischen Haltestützen 46, 47 und der Permanentmagnet 50 (Fig. 5) sind an den Bohrungen 61, 62 befestigt. Zwei Blattfedern 60 aus unterschiedlichen Federmembranen 48, 49 des T-Schalters 40 sind jeweils übereinander angeordnet und bilden zusammen eine Vierblattfeder-Geradführung. Bei dieser Ausführung können mehrere Blattfedern 60 beliebig in einer Federmembran (48, 49) verteilt sein. Die Schnitte 63, 64 können auch in anderen Formen ausgeführt sein, wie z.B. in Fig. 4 gezeigt.FIG. 6 shows a leaf spring 60 of a spring membrane (48, 49) of the T switch 40 (see FIG. 5). An inner segment 65 and an outer segment 66 are produced in the spring membrane (48, 49) by means of two arcuate or U-shaped cuts 63, 64, which together correspond to a leaf spring folded into itself. These two segments 65, 66 are also dimensioned such that their transverse displacements compensate one another when deflected. The dielectric holding supports 46, 47 and the permanent magnet 50 (FIG. 5) are fastened to the bores 61, 62. Two leaf springs 60 made of different spring membranes 48, 49 of the T switch 40 are each arranged one above the other and together form a four-leaf spring straight guide. In this embodiment, a plurality of leaf springs 60 can be distributed as desired in a spring membrane (48, 49). The cuts 63, 64 can also be made in other shapes, e.g. shown in Fig. 4.

Claims (8)

Koaxialschalter, zum Verbinden der Innenleiterenden zweier Koaxialleitungen, die in einem Hohlraum enden, dessen elektrisch leitende Wandungen die Außenleiter der Koaxialleiter miteinander verbinden, - mit einem Verbindungselement (4; 45), das im Hohlraum (3) angeordnet und mit einer dielektrischen Haltestütze (5; 46, 47) versehen ist und das in der Lage ist, Hubbewegungen zum Öffnen und Schließen des Hohlleiterschalters (20; 40) auszuführen, - mit einer Durchführungsöffnung (6; 54, 55) in einer Wandung des Hohlraums (3) zur berührungslosen Durchführung der Haltestütze (5; 46, 47), - mit einer außerhalb des Hohlraumes (3) und der Durchführungsöffnung (6; 54, 55) angeordneten Führungseinrichtung (7, 8, 9, 10; 48, 49, 50) zur Führung der Haltestütze (5; 46, 47) während der Hubbewegungen, - mit einem Antrieb (12, 13, 11, 14; 52, 53), der über die Haltestütze (5; 46, 47) auf das Verbindungselement (4; 45) in einer der einander entgegengesetzten Hubrichtungen einwirkt, - mit einer Blattfederanordnung (7, 8, 9, 10; 48, 49, 50), welche die Führungseinrichtung bildet und zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete Blattfedern aufweist, die an jeweils einem Ende (38) eingespannt und am jeweils anderen (32) in den Hubrichtungen auslenkbar sind, - mit einer Aufteilung jeder Blattfeder in zwei Segmente (36, 37; 65, 66), die bei Auslenkung in eine der beiden Hubrichtungen Querversetzungen haben, die einander entgegengesetzte Komponenten aufweisen. Coaxial switch, for connecting the inner conductor ends of two coaxial lines, which end in a cavity, the electrically conductive walls of which connect the outer conductors of the coaxial conductors to one another, - With a connecting element (4; 45) which is arranged in the cavity (3) and is provided with a dielectric support (5; 46, 47) and which is capable of lifting movements for opening and closing the waveguide switch (20; 40) execute - With a lead-through opening (6; 54, 55) in a wall of the cavity (3) for the contactless passage of the support bracket (5; 46, 47), - With a outside of the cavity (3) and the through opening (6; 54, 55) arranged guide means (7, 8, 9, 10; 48, 49, 50) for guiding the support bracket (5; 46, 47) during the lifting movements , with a drive (12, 13, 11, 14; 52, 53), which acts on the connecting element (4; 45) in one of the mutually opposite stroke directions via the holding support (5; 46, 47), - With a leaf spring arrangement (7, 8, 9, 10; 48, 49, 50), which forms the guide device and has two leaf springs arranged parallel to each other, which are clamped at one end (38) and at the other (32) in the Stroke directions are deflectable, - With a division of each leaf spring into two segments (36, 37; 65, 66), which have transverse displacements when deflected in one of the two stroke directions, which have mutually opposite components. Koaxialschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blattfederanordnung (7, 8, 9, 10) eine Blattfeder-Geradführung ist.Coaxial switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the leaf spring arrangement (7, 8, 9, 10) is a leaf spring straight guide. Koaxialschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in mindestens einer Federmembran (30) der Blattfederanordnung (7, 8, 9, 10) mindestens ein inneres Segment (36) und ein äußeres Segment (37) durch Schnitte (35) in der Federmembran (30) in der Weise ausgebildet sind, daß die Querversetzungen von äußerem Segment (37) und innerem Segment (36) in entgegengesetzter Richtung verlaufen.Coaxial switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in at least one spring membrane (30) of the leaf spring arrangement (7, 8, 9, 10) at least one inner segment (36) and one outer segment (37) by cuts (35) in the Spring membrane (30) are formed in such a way that the transverse displacements of the outer segment (37) and inner segment (36) run in the opposite direction. Koaxialschalter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Querversetzungen gegenseitig kompensieren.Coaxial switch according to Claim 3, characterized in that the transverse displacements compensate one another. Koaxialschalter nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blattfederanordnung (7, 8, 9, 10) eine Vierblattfeder-Geradführung ist.Coaxial switch according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the leaf spring arrangement (7, 8, 9, 10) is a four-leaf spring straight guide. Koaxialschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebsmittel (11, 12, 14; 53, 52) einen Permanentmagneten (14; 50) an einem Rotor (12; 53) aufweisen, daß ein weiterer Permanentmagnet (8; 52) unmittelbar oder mittelbar mit der Haltestütze (5; 46) verbunden ist und daß die Rotorachse so angeordnet ist, daß der Permanentmagnet (14; 50) am Rotor (12; 53) bei dessen Drehung Hubkräfte auf den weiteren Permanentmagneten (8; 52) ausübt.Coaxial switch according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drive means (11, 12, 14; 53, 52) have a permanent magnet (14; 50) on a rotor (12; 53) that a further permanent magnet (8; 52) is connected directly or indirectly to the holding support (5; 46) and that the rotor axis is arranged such that the permanent magnet (14; 50) on the rotor (12; 53) rotates lifting forces on the further permanent magnets (8; 52 ) exercises. Koaxialschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Federmembranen (48, 49) mindestens eine Blattfeder (60) durch mindestens zwei gekrümmte oder geknickte Schnitte (63, 64), der eine (63) innerhalb des anderen (64) liegend oder zumindest bis in den inneren Bereich des anderen (64) hineingeführt und um etwa 180° gedreht, ausgebildet ist.Coaxial switch according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in spring membranes (48, 49) at least one leaf spring (60) by at least two curved or kinked cuts (63, 64), one (63) inside the other (64) horizontally or at least into the inner area of the other (64) and rotated by approximately 180 °. Koaxialschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Blattfederanordnungen unterschiedlichen Haltestützen (46, 46a) zugeordnet sind und zwei Blattfedern, die unterschiedlicher dieser Blattfederanordnungen angehören, einstückig miteinander verbunden sind.Coaxial switch according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that two leaf spring arrangements are assigned to different holding supports (46, 46a) and two leaf springs which belong to different ones of these leaf spring arrangements are integrally connected to one another.
EP93120994A 1993-03-31 1993-12-28 Coaxial switch Expired - Lifetime EP0618634B1 (en)

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DE4310463 1993-03-31

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Also Published As

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US5471183A (en) 1995-11-28
CA2120167C (en) 2003-06-17
CA2120167A1 (en) 1994-10-01
EP0618634B1 (en) 1998-07-29
DE59308825D1 (en) 1998-09-03

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