EP0617391B1 - Apparatus for central acquisition of energy consumption costs - Google Patents

Apparatus for central acquisition of energy consumption costs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0617391B1
EP0617391B1 EP94104565A EP94104565A EP0617391B1 EP 0617391 B1 EP0617391 B1 EP 0617391B1 EP 94104565 A EP94104565 A EP 94104565A EP 94104565 A EP94104565 A EP 94104565A EP 0617391 B1 EP0617391 B1 EP 0617391B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
consumption
previous
distribution device
transmitter
receiving point
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EP94104565A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0617391A1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Meier
Hermann Wöhrstein
Ulrich Pfeiffer
Joachim Bresselschmitt
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Kundo Systemtechnik GmbH
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Kundo Systemtechnik GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F15/00—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C15/00—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for central detection of energy consumption costs, such as heating and hot water costs in residential and / or business premises, the individual Consumption points by transmitting coded signals the respective measuring point, the accumulated consumption value and, if necessary, other characteristic data to a central Report the receiving center, which the transmitted data of the individual measuring points are recorded centrally and, if necessary, billing be fed.
  • energy consumption costs such as heating and hot water costs in residential and / or business premises
  • the purpose of the invention is to record consumption values, to facilitate in particular heating or hot water costs.
  • US-A-5 056 107 discloses a system for the central, automatic acquisition of measurement data from a plurality of measurement points.
  • each measuring point is assigned a measuring device that stores the respective measured value.
  • the measured value is transmitted in a sequential pulse sequence via a transmitter and received by a common, central receiving point, where further processing can take place.
  • the disadvantage of this known method is that the signal sequence transmission can be subject to interference, so that an evaluation in the receiving station is not possible.
  • Consumption points in particular for heating and / or hot water, are often used by electronic consumption meters, so-called heating or hot water cost allocators monitored, a complete individual device at each measuring point can be provided.
  • heating or hot water cost allocators monitored, a complete individual device at each measuring point can be provided.
  • the difference between medium radiator or hot water dispenser temperature and a reference value is often used.
  • the relative value of the individual consumption is determined, fixed in an electronic memory and displayed. In this case, however, it is necessary to visit each measuring point during the annual transmission or recording of the consumption value and to read or accept the determined consumption either visually or using data technology. This is cumbersome because the respective resident of a residential unit must be notified in advance and his presence must be requested.
  • the invention has for its object an individual Reading of measuring points for consumption values, in particular Enable heating and hot water consumption values, without direct access to the individual measuring points required and without connecting to a common Central leading management system are necessary.
  • an electronic consumption distribution device is assigned to each measuring point, which elaborates, sums up, electronically stores and, if necessary, also displays a relative or absolute consumption value at the measuring point in question, that the electronic consumption distribution device is associated with an electronic parallel series converter, which converts the electronically recorded and coded consumption value into a sequential coded pulse sequence which is processed and emitted by the electronic parallel series converter; that the consumption distributor device is associated with an electromagnetic wave emitting transmitter which is switched by the parallel-series converter in rhythm with the coded pulse sequence administered by the latter; that the central receiving point is assigned an electromagnetic wave selecting and receiving receiver, which transmits the transmitted electromagnetic sequential pulse signals to the central receiving station, and with a timer which triggers the transmission of the pulse sequence by means of a random generator according to a temporal random principle, the timer repeating the triggering of the sequential pulse sequence several times in succession via the transmitter.
  • An embodiment according to claim. 2 of the invention is seen in that the consumption distributor device, the parallel series converter and the electromagnetic wave emitting transmitter are arranged in
  • Another embodiment of the invention is in accordance with Claim 3 in that the antenna of the electromagnetic Waves emitting transmitter in the common housing is arranged, which consists essentially of a non-metallic Material exists.
  • the housing 3 of the Consumption distributor device 1 encloses the circuit arrangement 4, e.g. in the form of a printed circuit that Display 5 for the current measured value and display 6 for the evaluation factor.
  • the display 5 becomes continuous from the current display value to or for a short time several old display values of the consumption automatically switched.
  • a socket 7 in the housing 3 is the connection of a Plug possible, through which, if necessary, the one or the other display value from the consumption distribution device Can be read out or transferred to a handheld computer is.
  • the measuring circuit 4 of the consumption distribution device as such initially corresponds to that of a conventional one Heating distributor.
  • FIG 2 is a block circuit of the consumption distribution device 1 shown schematically.
  • the microprocessor 10 the circuit 4 of the consumption distribution device 1 via a parallel connection (multiple connection) or a Bus a parallel series converter 12 downstream, which from the Microprocessor 10 consumption value transmitted in parallel, e.g. the current consumption value, in one by one serial pulse train transmissible measured value that converts just like the digitally transmitted consumption value is encoded.
  • the parallel series converter 12 is a transmitter circuit of a Subordinate transmitter 15, which from the parallel series converter 12th is cyclically controllable.
  • the consumption distribution device is in the block circuit 1 a timer 16 is provided which is operated at intervals, e.g. 3 - 4 weeks, both the parallel series converter 12 and a random generator 18 activated; the latter controls in Distances which depend on the statistical probability be determined, another timer 20, which in the course of Minutes each time both the transmitter 15 and the Parallel series converter 12 activated, several times in Repetition.
  • a timer 16 is provided which is operated at intervals, e.g. 3 - 4 weeks, both the parallel series converter 12 and a random generator 18 activated; the latter controls in Distances which depend on the statistical probability be determined, another timer 20, which in the course of Minutes each time both the transmitter 15 and the Parallel series converter 12 activated, several times in Repetition.
  • the parallel series converter already prepared via timer 16 12 transmits it to the input of the microprocessor 10 predetermined value of the determined consumption to the Transmitter 15 in the form of a coded, serial pulse train, which e.g. formed by a pulse-gap combination can be.
  • the timer 20 turns the parallel series converter 12 triggered again and again and takes place via the transmitter 15 serial high frequency pulse emission. This process has the purpose of ensuring that even in the event of interference Signal sequence transmission from a sequence of several pulse emissions at least one as correct or permissible by the receiving point 30-32 can be recognized and evaluated.
  • the measuring points provided in the present exemplary embodiment So are consumption distribution devices 1, which in present case are designed as heat cost allocators. After a certain number of functional games of the Timers 20 switches itself off and experiences only triggered by the next impulse of the Random number generator 18. After some time, the timer 16 switches and thus the parallel series converter 12 and the random number generator 18 is switched off. So there will be none Clock or control pulses supplied to the transmission circuit 15.
  • FIG. 3 shows a pulse sequence to be administered by the transmitter 15 for example.
  • FIG 4 is a system diagram of the system according to the invention shown. It is the consumption distribution devices 1 of the individual floors or storey and living areas 21, 22 and 23 symbolically depicted. From the consumption distribution facilities 1 of these floors and living areas become the respectively assigned receiving points 31, 32 and 33 through high-frequency coded pulse trains, which in turn the assigned main receiving point 40 by radio drive. This may be above a suitable one Interface 45 and over the telecommunications system with one Clearing house in connection where the transmitted Measured values are automatically calculated in bills for the computer individual floors or living areas 21, 22 and 23 of the Consumption distribution devices 1 are transmitted.
  • connection between the receiving points 31, 32 and 33 and the main receiving point 40 can, if necessary, also by Lines or a bus.
  • the arrangement can advantageously be made such that the receiving point 30-32 an output for reading the determined and prepared measurement results by a portable computer.
  • the system according to the invention is expedient in this way designed that a at the receiving point 30-32 detailed measurement result, which from a consumption distribution device 1 was transmitted, using one in the computer the receiving point 30-32 software program with one already from this consumption distribution device 1 transmitted measurement result is compared.
  • the computer-controlled comparison of the two measurement results closes a check for completeness of the submitted Data, their plausibility, successiveness etc.
  • the transmitted by a consumption distribution device 1 Data logs expediently include current and previous consumption values also data to identify the relevant measuring device, chronological data and a or more, initialing the transmitted measured values Key figures to check the correctness of the carried out Data transfer.
  • the creation and administration of the above data by the transmitter 15 of the consumption distribution device 1 takes place with the participation of the consumption distribution device 1 assigned microprocessor or microcomputer 10 whose assigned data stores the transmitted measurement data, so current consumption value, old consumption value together with other relevant data are stored.
  • the preferably as heating cost or hot water cost allocator 1 trained consumption distribution device consists advantageously of components and switching elements of a standard heating cost or hot water cost allocator. All necessary for wireless data transmission additional components and switching elements are within the Housing 3 as a standard heating cost or Hot water cost distributor trained consumption distribution device 1 arranged.
  • a receiving point 30 - 32 which is a number monitored by consumption distribution devices 1 or controls that at one or more of the measuring points Absence of a usable data log within of a certain period of time, so the administration of a message signal is carried out by a specific ad is formed. This can e.g. in a visual display on the monitor or a printout on a printer etc., which of the central Receiving point 30 - 32 can be assigned.
  • the main receiving point 40 expediently a data backup assigned to the computer against power failure and crash or intended.
  • the system according to the invention advantageously works with Frequencies in the order of approx. 430 MHz, i.e. in cm waveband. With frequencies of this magnitude favorable transmission properties are achieved.
  • SAW Surface Accoustic Wave
  • the invention has a number of advantages. So is a quick installation of consumption distribution devices (Heat cost allocators, hot water cost allocators) possible. A supplement or transfer of radiators in Clearing an apartment or an apartment is without Difficulties feasible. No problems arise in the event of changes in the division between side by side lying apartments.

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation for splitting up the consumption, in particular with respect to the heating costs and hot-water costs. The installation is equipped for central acquisition, the individual measurement points 1, which automatically measure the consumption of the consumers monitored by them, sporadically transmitting the consumption values, measured by them in the meantime, to an external central station which carries out the evaluation and issues the consumer bills. This is done without wires by radio contact, using frequencies licensed by telecom. For this purpose, the external central station is assigned a suitable radio receiver. The data emission at the measuring points 1 (consumption distributors) is triggered by a random generator assigned to each device, which initiates the data emission after certain time intervals in accordance with a statistical probability, which is then repeated directly a number of times by the electronic system of the consumption distributor so as to avoid possible disturbing influences on the data transmission. Together with the measured consumption values, during the data emission all the other characteristic data necessary to define the measuring point unambiguously are simultaneously transmitted during the radio transmission. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zur zentralen Erfassung von Energieverbrauchskosten, so Heizungs- und Warmwasserkosten in Wohn- und/oder Geschäftsräumen, wobei die einzelnen Verbrauchsstellen durch Übermittlung von codierten Signalen die jeweilige Meßstelle, den jeweils aufgelaufenen Verbrauchswert und ggf. weitere kennzeichnenden Daten an eine zentrale Empfangsstelle melden, welche die übermittelten Daten der einzelnen Meßstellen zentral erfaßt und ggf. der Abrechnung zugeführt werden.The invention relates to a system for central detection of energy consumption costs, such as heating and hot water costs in residential and / or business premises, the individual Consumption points by transmitting coded signals the respective measuring point, the accumulated consumption value and, if necessary, other characteristic data to a central Report the receiving center, which the transmitted data of the individual measuring points are recorded centrally and, if necessary, billing be fed.

Zweck der Erfindung ist es, die Erfassung von Verbrauchswerten, insbesondere von Heiz- oder Warmwasserkosten zu erleichtern.The purpose of the invention is to record consumption values, to facilitate in particular heating or hot water costs.

Die US-A-5 056 107 offenbart eine Anlage zur zentralen, automatischen Erfassung von Messdaten einer Mehrzahl von Messstellen. Zu diesem Zweck ist jeder Messstelle eine Messeinrichtung zugeordnet, welche den jeweiligen Messwert speichert. Zu einer durch einen Zufallsgenerator bestimmten Zeit wird der Messwert über einen Sender in einer sequenziellen Impulsfolge ausgesendet und von einer gemeinsamen, zentralen Empfangsstelle empfangen, wo eine Weiterverarbeitung stattfinden kann. Der Nachteil bei diesem bekannten Verfahren besteht darin, dass die Signalfolgeübertragung störbehaftet sein kann, so dass eine Auswertung in der Empfangsstelle nicht möglich ist. US-A-5 056 107 discloses a system for the central, automatic acquisition of measurement data from a plurality of measurement points. For this purpose, each measuring point is assigned a measuring device that stores the respective measured value. At a time determined by a random generator, the measured value is transmitted in a sequential pulse sequence via a transmitter and received by a common, central receiving point, where further processing can take place. The disadvantage of this known method is that the signal sequence transmission can be subject to interference, so that an evaluation in the receiving station is not possible.

Verbrauchsstellen, insbesondere für Heizung und/oder Warmwasser, werden vielfach durch elektronische Verbrauchsmeßgeräte, sogenannte Heiz- oder Warmwasserkostenverteiler überwacht, wobei an einer jeden Meßstelle ein komplettes Einzelgerät vorgesehen sein kann. Hierbei wird die Differenz zwischen mittlerer Heizkörper- oder Warmwasserspendertemperatur und einem Bezugswert festgestellt. Consumption points, in particular for heating and / or hot water, are often used by electronic consumption meters, so-called heating or hot water cost allocators monitored, a complete individual device at each measuring point can be provided. Here the difference between medium radiator or hot water dispenser temperature and a reference value.

Aus dieser Differenz und einem Bewertungsfaktor sowie der Integration über die Zeit wird der relative Wert des Einzelverbrauches festgestellt, in einem elektronischen Speicher fixiert und angezeigt.
Hierbei ist es jedoch notwendig, bei der jährlichen Übertragung oder Erfassung des Verbrauchswertes eine jede Meßstelle aufzusuchen und den ermittelten Verbrauch entweder visuell oder datentechnisch abzulesen bzw. zu übernehmen. Dies ist umständlich, da der jeweilige Bewohner einer Wohneinheit vorher benachrichtigt und seine Anwesenheit erbeten werden muß.From this difference and an evaluation factor and the integration over time, the relative value of the individual consumption is determined, fixed in an electronic memory and displayed.
In this case, however, it is necessary to visit each measuring point during the annual transmission or recording of the consumption value and to read or accept the determined consumption either visually or using data technology. This is cumbersome because the respective resident of a residential unit must be notified in advance and his presence must be requested.

Es ist auch bekannt, anstelle von kompletten Meßgeräten an den Verbrauchsstellen lediglich Temperatursensoren mit entsprechenden elektronischen Schaltungseinheiten zur Erfassung des Bewertungsfaktores anzubringen. Diese Erfassungsschaltungen werden jeweils über ein Leitungsnetz mit einer Auswerte- und Anzeigezentrale verbunden.It is also known that instead of complete measuring devices at the Consumption points only temperature sensors with corresponding electronic circuit units for detecting the To attach evaluation factors. These detection circuits are each via a line network with an evaluation and Display center connected.

Hier entfällt zwar die Notwendigkeit eines direkten Zuganges zu einer jeden Meßstelle zwecks Ermittlung des Verbrauches, es ist aber ein Leitungsnetz notwendig, das einerseits aufwendig ist, andererseits Störungseinflüssen ausgesetzt sein kann.Here there is no need for direct access to of each measuring point to determine consumption, it is but a pipeline network is necessary, which is complex on the one hand, on the other hand, it can be subject to interference.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine individuelle Ablesung von Meßstellen für Verbrauchswerte, insbesondere Heizungs- und Warmwasserverbrauchswerten zu ermöglichen, ohne daß ein direkter Zugang zu den einzelnen Meßstellen erforderlich und ohne daß ein Anschluß an ein zu einer gemeinsamen Zentrale führendes Leitungssystem notwendig sind.The invention has for its object an individual Reading of measuring points for consumption values, in particular Enable heating and hot water consumption values, without direct access to the individual measuring points required and without connecting to a common Central leading management system are necessary.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß einer jeden Meßstelle eine elektronische Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung zugeordnet ist, die einen relativen oder absoluten Verbrauchswert an der betreffenden Meßstelle erarbeitet, aufsummiert, elektronisch speichert und ggf. auch unmittelbar anzeigt,
daß der elektronischen Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung ein elektronischer Parallel-Serienwandler zugeordnet ist, welcher den elektronisch festgehaltenen und codierten Verbrauchswert in eine sequentielle codierte Impulsfolge umwandelt, welche von dem elektronischen Parallel-Serienwandler abgearbeitet und emittiert wird;
daß der Verbrauchsverteiler-Einrichtung ein elektromagnetische Wellen abstrahlender Sender zugeordnet ist, der von dem Parallel-Serienwandler im Rhythmus der von letzterem verabfolgten codierten Impulsfolge geschaltet wird;
daß der zentralen Empfangsstelle ein elektromagnetische Wellen selektierender und aufnehmender Empfänger zugeordnet ist, der
die übermittelten elektromagnetischen sequentiellen Impulssignale in die zentrale Empfangsstelle überträgt, und mit einem Timer der mittels eines Zufallsgenerators nach einem zeitlichen Zufallsprinzip das Senden der Impulsfolge auslöst, wobei der Timer die Auslösung der sequentiellen Impulsfolge über den Sender mehrmals nacheinander wiederholt. Eine Ausgestaltungsform nach Anspruch. 2 der Erfindung wird darin gesehen, daß die Verbrauchsverteiler-Einrichtung, der Parallel-Serienwandler und der elektromagnetische Wellen abstrahlende Sender in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet und zu einer Baueinheit vereinigt sind.The invention solves the stated problem in that an electronic consumption distribution device is assigned to each measuring point, which elaborates, sums up, electronically stores and, if necessary, also displays a relative or absolute consumption value at the measuring point in question,
that the electronic consumption distribution device is associated with an electronic parallel series converter, which converts the electronically recorded and coded consumption value into a sequential coded pulse sequence which is processed and emitted by the electronic parallel series converter;
that the consumption distributor device is associated with an electromagnetic wave emitting transmitter which is switched by the parallel-series converter in rhythm with the coded pulse sequence administered by the latter;
that the central receiving point is assigned an electromagnetic wave selecting and receiving receiver, which
transmits the transmitted electromagnetic sequential pulse signals to the central receiving station, and with a timer which triggers the transmission of the pulse sequence by means of a random generator according to a temporal random principle, the timer repeating the triggering of the sequential pulse sequence several times in succession via the transmitter. An embodiment according to claim. 2 of the invention is seen in that the consumption distributor device, the parallel series converter and the electromagnetic wave emitting transmitter are arranged in a common housing and combined into one structural unit.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht gemäß Anspruch 3 darin, daß die Antenne des elektromagnetischen Wellen abstrahlenden Senders mit in dem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet ist, das im wesentlichen aus einem nichtmetallischen Werkstoff besteht.Another embodiment of the invention is in accordance with Claim 3 in that the antenna of the electromagnetic Waves emitting transmitter in the common housing is arranged, which consists essentially of a non-metallic Material exists.

Zusätzliche Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in weiteren Unteransprüchen erfaßt und aus diesen entnehmbar.Additional embodiments of the invention are in others Subclaims recorded and removable from them.

Die Erfindung ist in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Form eines möglichen Ausführungsbeispieles im einzelnen erläutert und in den beigegebenen Zeichnungen dargestellt.The invention is in the form of the following description of a possible embodiment explained in detail and shown in the accompanying drawings.

Es bedeuten:

Figur 1
eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Meßstelle nach der Erfindung;
Figur 2
eine Blockschaltung der Meßstelle nach Figur 1;
Figur 3
schematische Darstellung einer von der Meßstelle verabfolgten codierten Impulsfolge;
Figur 4
ein Systemschema der Anlage nach der Erfindung.
It means:
Figure 1
a schematic diagram of a measuring point according to the invention;
Figure 2
a block circuit of the measuring point according to Figure 1;
Figure 3
schematic representation of a coded pulse sequence administered by the measuring point;
Figure 4
a system diagram of the system according to the invention.

In Figur 1 ist eine Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 dargestellt, welche an einem Heizkörper 2 angeordnet ist. Der Anbau und die Anordnung der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 am Heizkörper 2 entspricht derjenigen eines elektronischen Heizkostenverteilers. Das Gehäuse 3 der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 umschließt die Schaltungsanordnung 4, z.B. in Form einer gedruckten Schaltung, die Anzeige 5 für den aktuellen Meßwert und die Anzeige 6 für den Bewertungsfaktor. Die Anzeige 5 wird kontinuierlich vom aktuellen Anzeigewert für kurze Zeit auf einen oder mehrere Altanzeigewerte des Verbrauches selbsttätig umgeschaltet.1 shows a consumption distribution device 1 shown, which is arranged on a radiator 2. The installation and arrangement of the consumption distribution device 1 on the radiator 2 corresponds to that of one electronic heat cost allocator. The housing 3 of the Consumption distributor device 1 encloses the circuit arrangement 4, e.g. in the form of a printed circuit that Display 5 for the current measured value and display 6 for the evaluation factor. The display 5 becomes continuous from the current display value to or for a short time several old display values of the consumption automatically switched.

An einer Buchse 7 im Gehäuse 3 ist der Anschluß eines Steckers möglich, durch welchen im Bedarfsfalle der eine oder der andere Anzeigewert von der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung auf einen Handcomputer auslesbar bzw. übertragbar ist. Die Meßschaltung 4 der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung als solche entspricht zunächst derjenigen eines üblichen Heizkostenverteilers. At a socket 7 in the housing 3 is the connection of a Plug possible, through which, if necessary, the one or the other display value from the consumption distribution device Can be read out or transferred to a handheld computer is. The measuring circuit 4 of the consumption distribution device as such initially corresponds to that of a conventional one Heating distributor.

In Figur 2 ist eine Blockschaltung der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 schematisch dargestellt. Dem Mikroprozessor 10 der Schaltung 4 der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 ist über einen Parallelanschluß (Vielfachanschluß) oder einen Bus ein Parallelserienwandler 12 nachgeschaltet, der den vom Mikroprozessor 10 parallel übermittelten Verbrauchswert, z.B. den aktuellen Verbrauchswert, in einen durch eine serielle Impulsfolge übertragbaren Meßwert umwandelt, der ebenso wie der parallel übermittelte Verbrauchswert digital codiert ist.In Figure 2 is a block circuit of the consumption distribution device 1 shown schematically. The microprocessor 10 the circuit 4 of the consumption distribution device 1 via a parallel connection (multiple connection) or a Bus a parallel series converter 12 downstream, which from the Microprocessor 10 consumption value transmitted in parallel, e.g. the current consumption value, in one by one serial pulse train transmissible measured value that converts just like the digitally transmitted consumption value is encoded.

Dem Parallelserienwandler 12 ist eine Senderschaltung eines Senders 15 nachgeordnet, welche vom Parallelserienwandler 12 taktweise steuerbar ist.The parallel series converter 12 is a transmitter circuit of a Subordinate transmitter 15, which from the parallel series converter 12th is cyclically controllable.

Hierzu ist in der Blockschaltung der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 ein Timer 16 vorgesehen, der in Abständen, z.B. 3 - 4 Wochen, sowohl den Parallelserienwandler 12 als auch einen Zufallsgenerator 18 aktiviert; letzterer steuert in Abständen, welche von der statistischen Wahrscheinlichkeit bestimmt werden, einen weiteren Timer 20, der im Laufe von Minuten jedesmal sowohl den Sender 15 als auch den Parallelserienwandler 12 aktiviert, und zwar mehrmals in Repetition. For this purpose, the consumption distribution device is in the block circuit 1 a timer 16 is provided which is operated at intervals, e.g. 3 - 4 weeks, both the parallel series converter 12 and a random generator 18 activated; the latter controls in Distances which depend on the statistical probability be determined, another timer 20, which in the course of Minutes each time both the transmitter 15 and the Parallel series converter 12 activated, several times in Repetition.

Der über den Timer 16 schon vorbereitete Parallelserienwandler 12 überträgt den ihm am Eingang vom Mikroprozessor 10 vorgegebenen Wert des ermittelten Verbrauches an den Sender 15 in Form einer codierten, seriellen Impulsfolge, welche z.B. durch eine Impuls- Lückenkombination gebildet sein kann. Durch den Timer 20 wird der Parallelserienwandler 12 immer wieder erneut ausgelöst und vollzieht über den Sender 15 die serielle hochfrequente Impulsemission. Dieser Vorgang hat den Zweck, sicherzustellen, daß auch bei einer störbehafteten Signalfolgeübertragung aus einer Folge von mehreren Impulsemissionen wenigstens eine als richtig bzw. zulässig von der Empfangsstelle 30 - 32 erkannt und ausgewertet werden kann.The parallel series converter already prepared via timer 16 12 transmits it to the input of the microprocessor 10 predetermined value of the determined consumption to the Transmitter 15 in the form of a coded, serial pulse train, which e.g. formed by a pulse-gap combination can be. The timer 20 turns the parallel series converter 12 triggered again and again and takes place via the transmitter 15 serial high frequency pulse emission. This process has the purpose of ensuring that even in the event of interference Signal sequence transmission from a sequence of several pulse emissions at least one as correct or permissible by the receiving point 30-32 can be recognized and evaluated.

Die im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel vorgesehenen Meßstellen sind also Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtungen 1, die im vorliegenden Fall als Heizkostenverteiler ausgebildet sind. Nach einer bestimmten Anzahl.von Funktionsspielen des Timers 20 schaltet sich dieser selbsttätig ab und erfährt erst wieder eine Auslösung durch den nächsten Impuls des Zufallsgenerators 18. Nach einiger Zeit schaltet der Timer 16 ab und damit werden auch der Parallelserienwandler 12 und der Zufallsgenerator 18 abgeschaltet. Es werden somit keine Takt- oder Steuerimpulse mehr der Sendeschaltung 15 zugeführt.The measuring points provided in the present exemplary embodiment So are consumption distribution devices 1, which in present case are designed as heat cost allocators. After a certain number of functional games of the Timers 20 switches itself off and experiences only triggered by the next impulse of the Random number generator 18. After some time, the timer 16 switches and thus the parallel series converter 12 and the random number generator 18 is switched off. So there will be none Clock or control pulses supplied to the transmission circuit 15.

In Figur 3 ist eine vom Sender 15 zu verabfolgende Impulsfolge beispielsweise dargestellt. FIG. 3 shows a pulse sequence to be administered by the transmitter 15 for example.

Durch Kombinationen von Impulsen und Impulslücken werden bestimmte Meßwerte und Kenndaten von der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 nach der Empfangsstelle 30 - 32 übertragen. Diese Datenprotokolle beinhalten z.B. den aktuellen Verbrauchswert, einen oder mehrere Altverbrauchswerte, den Bewertungsfaktor, die Kenndaten der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 etc.By combinations of impulses and impulse gaps certain measured values and characteristic data from the consumption distribution device 1 transmitted to the receiving point 30-32. These data protocols include e.g. the current Consumption value, one or more old consumption values, the Evaluation factor, the characteristic data of the consumption distribution device 1 etc.

In Figur 4 ist ein Systemschema der Anlage nach der Erfindung dargestellt. Es sind die Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtungen 1 der einzelnen Etagen bzw. Etagen- und Wohnbereiche 21, 22 und 23 symbolisch abgebildet. Von den Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtungen 1 dieser Etagen- und Wohnbereiche werden die jeweils zugeordneten Empfangsstellen 31, 32 und 33 durch hochfrequente codierte Impulsfolgen beaufschlagt, welche ihrerseits über Funk die zugeordnete Hauptempfangsstelle 40 ansteuern. Diese steht gegebenenfalls über eine geeignete Schnittstelle 45 und über das Telekomsystem mit einer Verrechnungszentrale in Verbindung, wo die übermittelten Meßwerte durch Rechner automatisch in Abrechnungen für die einzelnen Etagen- bzw. Wohnbereiche 21, 22 und 23 der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtungen 1 übertragen werden.In Figure 4 is a system diagram of the system according to the invention shown. It is the consumption distribution devices 1 of the individual floors or storey and living areas 21, 22 and 23 symbolically depicted. From the consumption distribution facilities 1 of these floors and living areas become the respectively assigned receiving points 31, 32 and 33 through high-frequency coded pulse trains, which in turn the assigned main receiving point 40 by radio drive. This may be above a suitable one Interface 45 and over the telecommunications system with one Clearing house in connection where the transmitted Measured values are automatically calculated in bills for the computer individual floors or living areas 21, 22 and 23 of the Consumption distribution devices 1 are transmitted.

Die Verbindung zwischen den Empfangsstellen 31, 32 und 33 und der Hauptempfangsstelle 40 kann ggf. auch durch Leitungen oder einen Bus erfolgen. The connection between the receiving points 31, 32 and 33 and the main receiving point 40 can, if necessary, also by Lines or a bus.

Die Anordnung kann vorteilhaft auch so getroffen sein, daß die Empfangsstelle 30 - 32 einen Ausgang zur Auslesung der ermittelten und aufbereiteten Meßergebnisse durch einen tragbaren Computer aufweist.The arrangement can advantageously be made such that the receiving point 30-32 an output for reading the determined and prepared measurement results by a portable computer.

In allen diesen Fällen besteht der große Vorteil, daß die ihrem Energieverbrauch nach zu erfassenden Wohnungen, Appartements etc. zur Ablesung der aufgelaufenen Verbrauchsdaten nicht betreten werden müssen, sondern daß diese Erfassung von außerhalb dieser Wohneinheiten erfolgen kann.In all of these cases there is the great advantage that the the energy consumption of the apartments to be recorded, Apartments etc. for reading the accumulated consumption data do not have to be entered, but that this Detection can take place outside of these residential units.

Die Anlage nach der Erfindung ist zweckmäßig solchermaßen ausgestaltet, daß ein bei der Empfangsstelle 30 - 32 eingehendes Meßergebnis, welches von einer Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 übermittelt wurde, an Hand eines im Rechner der Empfangsstelle 30 - 32 vorliegenden Softwareprogrammes mit einem bereits früher von dieser Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 übertragenen Meßergebnis verglichen wird. Der rechnergesteuerte Vergleich der beiden Meßergebnisse schließt hierbei eine Überprüfung auf Vollständigkeit der überreichten Daten, deren Plausibilität, Sukzessivität etc. mit ein.The system according to the invention is expedient in this way designed that a at the receiving point 30-32 detailed measurement result, which from a consumption distribution device 1 was transmitted, using one in the computer the receiving point 30-32 software program with one already from this consumption distribution device 1 transmitted measurement result is compared. The computer-controlled comparison of the two measurement results closes a check for completeness of the submitted Data, their plausibility, successiveness etc.

Die von einer Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 übermittelten Datenprotokolle umfassen zweckmäßig neben aktuellen und früheren Verbrauchswerten auch Daten zur Identifizierung des betreffenden Meßgerätes, chronologische Daten sowie eine oder mehrere, die übermittelten Meßwerte paraphierenden Schlüsselzahlen zur Überprüfung der Korrektheit der durchgeführten Datenübertragung. The transmitted by a consumption distribution device 1 Data logs expediently include current and previous consumption values also data to identify the relevant measuring device, chronological data and a or more, initialing the transmitted measured values Key figures to check the correctness of the carried out Data transfer.

Die Erstellung und Verabfolgung der vorstehenden Daten durch den Sender 15 der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 erfolgt unter Mitwirkung des der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 zugeordneten Mikroprozessors bzw. Mikrocomputers 10, auf dessen zugeordneten Datenspeichern die übermittelten Meßdaten, so aktueller Verbrauchswert, Altverbrauchswert zusammen mit weiteren relevanten Daten abgelegt sind.The creation and administration of the above data by the transmitter 15 of the consumption distribution device 1 takes place with the participation of the consumption distribution device 1 assigned microprocessor or microcomputer 10 whose assigned data stores the transmitted measurement data, so current consumption value, old consumption value together with other relevant data are stored.

Über geeignete, dem Mikroprozessor 10 zugeordnete Software erfolgt die Abarbeitung der Übertragungsvorgänge für die Datenprotokolle über den der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 zugeordneten Sender 15.Via suitable software assigned to the microprocessor 10 the transfer processes for the Data protocols about the consumption distribution device 1 assigned transmitter 15.

Die vorzugsweise als Heizkosten- oder Warmwasserkostenverteiler 1 ausgebildete Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung besteht vorteilhaft aus Bau- und Schaltelementen eines serienmäßigen Heizkosten- oder Warmwasserkostenverteilers. Sämtliche für die drahtlose Datenübertragung notwendigen zusätzlichen Bau- und Schaltelemente sind innerhalb des Gehäuses 3 der als serienmäßiger Heizkosten- oder Warmwasserkostenverteiler ausgebildeten Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtung 1 angeordnet.The preferably as heating cost or hot water cost allocator 1 trained consumption distribution device consists advantageously of components and switching elements of a standard heating cost or hot water cost allocator. All necessary for wireless data transmission additional components and switching elements are within the Housing 3 as a standard heating cost or Hot water cost distributor trained consumption distribution device 1 arranged.

Wird bei einer Empfangsstelle 30 - 32, welche eine Anzahl von Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtungen 1 überwacht bzw. kontrolliert, bei einer oder mehreren der Meßstellen das Ausbleiben eines verwertbaren Datenprotokolles innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraumes festgestellt, so erfolgt die Verabfolgung eines Meldesignales, das durch eine spezifische Anzeige gebildet ist. Diese kann z.B. in einer visuellen Anzeige auf dem Monitor oder einem Ausdruck an einem Drucker etc. bestehen, welche der zentralen Empfangsstelle 30 - 32 zugeordnet sein können.At a receiving point 30 - 32, which is a number monitored by consumption distribution devices 1 or controls that at one or more of the measuring points Absence of a usable data log within of a certain period of time, so the administration of a message signal is carried out by a specific ad is formed. This can e.g. in a visual display on the monitor or a printout on a printer etc., which of the central Receiving point 30 - 32 can be assigned.

Im Interesse der Funktions- und Datensicherheit der Anlage nach der Erfindung ist bei den Empfangsstellen 30 - 32 und der Hauptempfangsstelle 40 zweckmäßig eine Datensicherung gegen Netzausfall und Absturz der Rechner zugeordnet bzw. vorgesehen.In the interest of the functional and data security of the system according to the invention is at the receiving points 30-32 and the main receiving point 40 expediently a data backup assigned to the computer against power failure and crash or intended.

Die Anlage nach der Erfindung arbeitet vorteilhaft mit Frequenzen in der Größenordnung von ca. 430 MHz, also im cm-Wellenbereich. Durch Frequenzen in dieser Größenordnung werden günstige Übertragungseigenschaften erzielt.The system according to the invention advantageously works with Frequencies in the order of approx. 430 MHz, i.e. in cm waveband. With frequencies of this magnitude favorable transmission properties are achieved.

Als frequenzbestimmtende Elemente für die Senderschaltungen 15 der Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtungen 1 in Anlagen nach der Erfindung empfehlen sich für Frequenzen in der in Frage kommenden Größenordnung die in der Elektronik auch für die sogenannten "SAW-Filter" (SAW = Surface Accoustic Wave) verwendeten Resonanzelemente auf piezoelektrischer-akustischer Basis. Diese elektronischen Bauelemente sind auch unter der Bezeichnung "OFW-Komponenten" bekannt. As frequency-determining elements for the transmitter circuits 15 of consumption distribution devices 1 in plants according to Invention are recommended for frequencies in question coming order of magnitude in electronics for that too so-called "SAW filter" (SAW = Surface Accoustic Wave) used resonance elements on piezoelectric-acoustic Base. These electronic components are also under the Designation "SAW components" known.

Diese elektronischen Teile lassen sich miniaturisiert und mit reproduzierbaren Daten herstellen, wodurch ein Abgleich überflüssig wird. Sie weisen eine hohe elektrische Güte auf, bei gleichzeitig großer Temperatur- und Alterungsbeständigkeit. Sie sind insbesondere bei Produktion in hohen Stückzahlen preisgünstig zu fertigen. Auf Grund dieser günstigen Eigenschaft sind diese Bauelemente für den vorliegenden Anwendungsfall als frequenzbestimmende Elemente der Sender 15 ganz besonders geeignet.These electronic parts can be miniaturized and with reproducible data, creating a Adjustment becomes superfluous. They have high electrical Goodness, at the same time large temperature and Aging resistance. They are particularly in production inexpensive to manufacture in large quantities. Because of this favorable property are these components for the present application as frequency-determining elements the transmitter 15 is particularly suitable.

Die Erfindung hat eine Reihe von Vorteilen aufzuweisen. So ist eine schnelle Montage von Verbrauchsverteilereinrichtungen (Heizkostenverteilern, Warmwasserkostenverteilern) möglich. Eine Ergänzung oder Versetzung von Heizkörpern in Räumen einer Wohnung oder eines Appartements ist ohne Schwierigkeiten durchführbar. Keine Probleme ergeben sich bei Änderungen in der Raumeinteilung zwischen nebeneinander liegenden Wohnungen.The invention has a number of advantages. So is a quick installation of consumption distribution devices (Heat cost allocators, hot water cost allocators) possible. A supplement or transfer of radiators in Clearing an apartment or an apartment is without Difficulties feasible. No problems arise in the event of changes in the division between side by side lying apartments.

Bei drahtgebundenen Anlagen mit zentraler Erfassung hingegen sind derartige Anpassungen oder Veränderungen mit zum Teil ganz erheblichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden.In the case of wired systems with central recording, however are such adjustments or changes with the Part connected with considerable difficulties.

Claims (22)

  1. Device for central recording of energy consumption costs for a multiplicity of consumer points, for example heating and hot water costs in residential and/or business premises, with an electronic consumption distribution device (1) which is allocated to each consumer point and produces, totals and electronically stores a relative or absolute consumption value at the measurement point concerned, with a transmitter (15) emitting electromagnetic waves for the coded transmission, following a temporal random principle determined by a timer (20) by means of a random generator (16, 18), of the stored consumption value in a sequential pulse sequence, and with a common central receiving point (30, 31, 32) with a receiver selecting and receiving electromagnetic waves which transfer the transmitted electromagnetic sequential pulse sequence to the central receiving point (30, 31, 32), characterised in that connected after the consumption distribution device (1) is an electronic parallel-series converter (12) which converts the consumption value present in parallel form into the sequential pulse sequence and switches the transmitter (15) in the rhythm of the pulse sequence to be transmitted, and in that the timer (20) repeats the triggering of the sequential pulse sequences by way of the transmitter (15) several times in succession.
  2. System according to the previous claim, characterised in that the consumption distribution device (1), the parallel-series converter (12) and the transmitter (15) emitting the electromagnetic waves are arranged in a common housing (3) and combined into one assembly unit (1).
  3. System according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the antenna of the transmitter (15) emitting the electromagnetic waves is also arranged in the common housing (3) which substantially consists of a non-metallic material.
  4. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the random generator (16, 18) has a pulse frequency of one pulse every few weeks.
  5. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the timer (20) is formed by a pulse emitter of the microprocessor (10) of the consumption distribution device (1).
  6. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the consumption distribution device (1) is formed by the components and the circuitry (4) of a standard heating cost or warm water cost distributor.
  7. System according to claim 6, characterised in that the consumption distribution device (1) has a display device for the consumption value (5) and the valuation factor (6).
  8. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that two or more central receiving points (30, 31, 32) of several step ranges are combined by a main receiving point (40) which takes over the analysis from the individual central receiving points (30, 31, 32) and processes this centrally.
  9. System according to claim 8, characterised in that the individual central receiving points (30, 31, 32) of different step ranges are connected with the main receiving point (40) by way of lines in a bus system.
  10. System according to claim 8, characterised in that the individual central receiving points (30, 31, 32) of different step ranges are connected with the main receiving point (40) by a highly selective, high sensitivity transmitter-receiver device in the UHF range.
  11. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that at the central receiving point (30, 31, 32) an incoming measurement result transmitted by a consumption distribution device (1) is checked for completeness, plausibility and successivity against a previously received measurement result from this device (1).
  12. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the consumer distribution device (1) by way of its allocated transmitter (15) transmits a complete data protocol in the form of a pulse code to the central receiving point (30, 31, 32).
  13. System according to claim 12, characterised in that the data protocol and the actual measurement value also comprise at least one old value from a previous measurement period and the valuation factor.
  14. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that if no evaluable measurement protocol is received within a specific period, a report signal is given by one or more of the consumption distribution devices (1) monitored by a central receiving point (30, 31, 32).
  15. System according to claim 14, characterised in that the report signal is formed by a specific display.
  16. System according to claim 15, characterised in that the specific display takes the form of a visual display on a monitor and/or a print out on a printer which is allocated to the central receiving point (30, 31, 32).
  17. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the central receiving points (30, 31, 32) or the main receiving point (40) are equipped with data protection of their computer memory against power failure and crashing.
  18. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the UHF transmitter circuit (15) allocated to the consumption distribution device (1) can be controlled by the parallel-series converter (12) in the rhythm of the pulse-pause code emitted by the latter.
  19. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the UHF transmitter circuit (15) can be switched on and off in the rhythm of the pulses and gaps of the pulse-pause code of the pulse signal.
  20. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the central receiving point (30, 31, 32) has a bus output for a portable computer to read the determined and prepared measurement results.
  21. System according to claim 20, characterised in that the transmission (15) and receiving circuits (30, 31, 32) work in the range of the cm waves.
  22. System according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the electronic transmission circuit (15) has an acoustic wave filter (SAW filter) as a frequency resonator.
EP94104565A 1993-03-22 1994-03-22 Apparatus for central acquisition of energy consumption costs Revoked EP0617391B1 (en)

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DE4309589 1993-03-22
DE4309589 1993-03-22

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