EP0613493B1 - Oil and fuel oil compositions - Google Patents

Oil and fuel oil compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0613493B1
EP0613493B1 EP92921009A EP92921009A EP0613493B1 EP 0613493 B1 EP0613493 B1 EP 0613493B1 EP 92921009 A EP92921009 A EP 92921009A EP 92921009 A EP92921009 A EP 92921009A EP 0613493 B1 EP0613493 B1 EP 0613493B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
composition
alkyl
fuel
dialkyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92921009A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0613493A1 (en
Inventor
Kenneth Lewtas
Jacqueline Dawn Bland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
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Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M127/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C10M143/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10M145/08—Vinyl esters of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/16—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C10M145/36—Polyoxyalkylenes etherified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C10M145/38—Polyoxyalkylenes esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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    • C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/165—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aromatic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/1658—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing conjugated dienes
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    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
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    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/189—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof having at least one carboxyl group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
    • C10L1/1895—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof having at least one carboxyl group bound to an aromatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L1/1955—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
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    • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
    • C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
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    • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
    • C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
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    • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C10M2215/082—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms] containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/086—Imides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/12—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/12—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2215/122—Phtalamic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/09—Heterocyclic compounds containing no sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to additive compositions and their use in improving the properties of oil and fuel oil compositions.
  • wax separates out from oils and fuel oils at low temperatures thereby impairing certain properties. It is also known to use additives to improve those properties, for example to improve cold flow properties and to inhibit settling of the wax under gravity on standing. Additives for the former are sometimes called Cold Flow Improvers and additives for the latter are sometimes called Wax Anti-settling Additives.
  • EP-A-0 225 688 describes the use of itaconate and citraconate polymers and copolymers for improving the cold flow properties of an oil (crude or lubricating) and fuel oils such as residual fuel, middle distillate fuels and jet fuel or as a dewaxing aid in lubricating oil, which polymers and copolymers can be tailored to suit the particular oil or fuel oil concerned. It describes polymers and copolymers having number average molecular weights as measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography of from 1,000 to 500,000 and exemplifies polymers and copolymers of molecular weights of 20,000 and higher.
  • the present invention can overcome this regression by using certain comb polymers in combination as will be described hereinafter and illustrated in the examples herein.
  • the invention provides an additive composition comprising, in combination,
  • the invention provides the use as a flow improver in a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil or as a dewaxing aid in a lubricating oil of an additive composition of the first aspect of this invention.
  • the invention provides a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil composition comprising a major proportion by weight of a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil and a minor proportion by weight of an additive composition of the first aspect of this invention.
  • the invention provides an additive concentrate comprising an admixture of an additive composition of the first aspect of this invention dispersed in a liquid medium compatible with a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil.
  • the invention provides a process for improving the flow properties of a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil or for aiding dewaxing of a lubricating oil which comprises incorporating into the oil an additive composition of the first aspect of this invention.
  • Polymer (i) may be a homopolymer of a dialkyl itaconate or citraconate or a copolymer of a dialkyl itaconate or citraconate with an aliphatic olefin, a vinyl ether, a vinyl ester of an alkanoic acid, an alkyl ester of an unsaturated acid, an aromatic olefin, a vinyl halide or a dialkyl fumarate or maleate; or polymer (i) may be a copolymer of dialkyl itaconate or dialkyl citraconate with an aliphatic olefin, a vinyl ester or an alkyl substituted vinyl ester of a C 2 to C 31 alkanoic acid.
  • R 1 and R 2 are each preferably straight chain although they can be branched. If branched, the branch is preferably a single methyl in the 1 or 2 position. Examples of R 1 and R 2 are decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl and eicosyl. Each of R 1 and R 2 may be a single C 10 to C 30 alkyl group or a mixture of alkyl groups. Polymers where R 1 and R 2 are each mixtures of C 12 to C 20 alkyl groups are particularly useful as flow improvers in middle distillate fuel oils.
  • Polymers where R 1 and R 2 are each C 1 to C 22 are particularly useful in heavy fuel oils and crude oils, and polymers where R 1 and R 2 are each C 10 to C 18 are particularly useful in lubricating oils.
  • Such particularly useful polymers may be homopolymers or copolymers.
  • the copolymer of dialkyl itaconate or dialkyl citraconate includes a comonomer of the formula: where R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined above. Such a comonomer can be a mixture.
  • R 3 and R 5 represent hydrogen or C 1 to C 30 alkyl groups, preferably n-alkyl groups, that are the same or different.
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 when each of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is hydrogen, the olefin is ethylene, and, when R3 is methyl, and R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, the olefin is n-propylene.
  • R 3 is an alkyl group
  • R 4 and R 5 are preferably hydrogen.
  • Suitable olefins are butene-1, butene-2, isobutylene, pentene-1, hexene-1, tetradecene-1, hexadecene-1 and octadecene-1 and mixtures thereof.
  • comonomers are vinyl esters or alkyl substituted vinyl esters of C2 to C 31 alkanoic acids: in vinyl esters when R 3 is R 6 COO-, R 4 is H and R 5 is H, and in alkyl substituted vinyl esters when R 3 is R 6 COO- and R 4 is methyl and/or R 5 is C 1 to C 30 alkyl.
  • Un-substituted vinyl esters are preferred, examples being vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl decanoate, vinyl hexadecanoate and vinyl stearate.
  • Another class of comonomers are the alkyl esters of unsaturated acids, i.e. when R 3 is a R 6 OOC- and R 5 is H or C 1 to C 30 alkyl.
  • R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, the comonomers are alkyl esters of acrylic acid.
  • R 4 is methyl, the comonomers are esters of methacrylic acid or C 1 to C 30 alkyl substituted methacrylic acid.
  • alkyl esters of acrylic acid are methyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-decyl acrylate, n-hexadecyl acrylate, n-octadecyl acrylate, and 2-methyl hexadecyl acrylate.
  • alkyl esters of methacrylic acid are propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-tetradecyl methacrylate, n-hexadecyl methacrylate and n-octadecyl methacrylate.
  • R 5 is alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-hexyl, n-decyl, n-tetradecyl and n-hexadecyl.
  • R 3 and R 5 are R 6 OOC-, i.e. when they are C 1 to C 22 dialkyl fumarates or maleates and the alkyl groups may be n-alkyl or branched alkyl, e.g. n-octyl, n-decyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.
  • comonomers are those where R 3 is an aryl group.
  • R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen and R 3 is phenyl the comonomer is styrene and when one of R 4 and R 5 is methyl and R 3 is phenyl the comonomer is a methyl styrene, e.g. ⁇ -methyl styrene.
  • R 3 is aryl is vinyl naphthalene.
  • R 3 is alkaryl are, for example, substituted styrenes such as vinyl toluene, or 4-methyl styrene.
  • R 3 is halogen, e.g. chlorine, such as vinyl chloride (i.e. R 4 and R 5 hydrogen).
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be inertly substituted; examples are by one or more halogen atoms such as chlorine or fluorine.
  • the comonomer may be vinyl trichloroacetate.
  • the inert substituent may be an alkyl group, e.g. methyl.
  • the polymer When the ratio of units (II) to units (I) and of units (II) to (III) is 0 the polymer is an itaconate or citraconate homopolymer and when the ratio is 2 the polymer is a copolymer.
  • the ratio is preferably between 0.5 and 1.5.
  • the copolymer consists of units (I) and (II) only, or of units (II) and (III) only, but other units are not excluded.
  • the weight percentage of units (I) and (II) or of units (II) and (III) in the copolymer is desirably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%.
  • the molecular weight of the polymer of component (i), whether a homopolymer or copolymer, may be between 1,000 and 500,000, preferably 1,000 and 20,000, more preferably between 1,000 and 10,000, even more preferably between 2,200 and 5,000, the molecular weights being measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) relative to polystyrene standards and being number average molecular weights.
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the homopolymers and copolymers are generally prepared by polymerising the monomers alone or in solution in a hydrocarbon solvent such as heptane, benzene, cyclohexane, or white oil, at a temperature generally in the range of from 20°C to 150°C and usually promoted by a peroxide or azo type catalyst such as benzoyl peroxide or azodiisobutyronitrile under a blanket of an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide in order to exclude oxygen.
  • a hydrocarbon solvent such as heptane, benzene, cyclohexane, or white oil
  • a peroxide or azo type catalyst such as benzoyl peroxide or azodiisobutyronitrile
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide in order to exclude oxygen.
  • the polymer may be prepared under pressure in an autoclave or by refluxing.
  • the polymerisation reaction mixture may contain up to 2 moles of comonomer (e.g. vinyl acetate) per mole of dialkyl itaconate or dialkyl citraconate.
  • comonomer e.g. vinyl acetate
  • the ratio of component (i) to component (ii) may, for example, be in the range of 10:1 to 1:10 (weight:weight).
  • Monomer (a) is preferably a dialkyl ester, e.g. fumarate, but mono-alkyl esters, e.g. fumarates, are suitable.
  • the alkyl group is preferably straight chain although, if desired, branched chain alkyl groups can be used. Examples of suitable alkyl groups are decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, behenyl or mixtures thereof.
  • the alkyl group contains 10 to 18 carbon atoms, such as 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • the ester is a dialkyl ester such as a dialkyl fumarate the two alkyl groups can be different.
  • the aromatic substituent is preferably a phenyl substituent, particularly preferred monomers being styrene, and ⁇ - and ⁇ -alkyl styrenes such as ⁇ -methyl styrene and ⁇ -methyl styrene, which may be substituted on the benzene ring, e.g. with one or more alkyl groups or halogen atoms.
  • alkyl substituents may, for example, have 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the molar proportions of (b) to (a) may, for example, be between 1:1.5 and 1.5:1, preferably between 1:1.2 and 1.2:1, e.g. about 1:1.
  • the number average molecular weight of the copolymer of (a) and (b) may be between 2,000 and 100,000, preferably between 5,000 and 50,000, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) relative to polystyrene standard.
  • component (ii) are styrene-fumarate copolymers, it being preferred to use them in this invention in combination with polyitaconates of number average molecular weight between 1,000 and 20,000 as component (i).
  • the additive composition of the invention may be used in combination with one or more other Cold Flow Improvers as co-additives such as those known in the art.
  • Examples are comb polymers other than those constituting component (i) or component (ii); polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers, ester/ethers, amide/esters and mixtures thereof; ethylene unsaturated ester copolymers; polar compounds, either ionic or non-ionic (such as described in EP-A-0 225 688); sulphur carboxy compounds and hydrocarbon polymers.
  • Another monomer may be terpolymerized if necessary.
  • suitable comb polymers are fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers, particularly those described in European Patent Applications 0153176 and 0153177; esterified olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers; polymers and copolymers of alpha olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers; polymers and copolymers of alpha olefins; esterified copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride; and polymers of alkyl esters of itaconic acid or citraconic acid such as those where the alkyl groups have from 16 to 18 carbon atoms and the polymer has a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 20,000.
  • Examples are polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers, ester/ethers and mixtures thereof, particularly those containing at least one, preferably at least two C 10 to C 30 linear saturated alkyl groups and a polyoxyalkylene glycol group of molecular weight up to 5,000 preferably 200 to 5,000, the alkyl group in said polyoxyalkylene glycol containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • These materials form the subject of European Patent Publication 0 061 895 A2.
  • Other such additives are described in United States Patent 4 491 455.
  • esters, ethers or ester/ethers which may be used may be structurally depicted by the formula R-0(A)-0-R 2 where R and R 2 are the same or different and may be
  • Suitable glycols generally are substantially linear polyethylene glycols (PEG) and polypropylene glycols (PPG) having a molecular weight of about 100 to 5,000, preferably about 200 to 2,000.
  • Esters are preferred and fatty acids containing from 10-30 carbon atoms are useful for reacting with the glycols to form the ester additives, it being preferred to use a C 18 -C 24 fatty acid, especially behenic acid.
  • the esters may also be prepared by esterifying polyethoxylated fatty acids or polyethoxylated alcohols.
  • Polyoxyalkylene diesters, diethers, ether/esters and mixtures thereof are suitable as additives, diesters being preferred for use in narrow boiling distillates when minor amounts of monoethers and monoesters (which are often formed in the manufacturing process) may also be present. It is important for additive performance that a major amount of the dialkyl compound is present.
  • stearic or behenic diesters of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polyethylene/polypropylene glycol mixtures are preferred.
  • Examples of other compounds in this general category are those described in Japanese Patent Publication Nos 2-51477 and 3-34790 (both Sanyo), and EP-A-117,108 and EP-A-326,356 (both Nippon Oil and Fats).
  • Examples are one or more oil-soluble copolymers of ethylene and an unsaturated monomer of the general formula
  • the monomer when R 6 and R 7 are hydrogen and R 5 is -OOCR 8 , includes vinyl alcohol esters of C 1 to C 29 , more usually C 1 to C 5 , mono-carboxylic acid, and preferably C 2 to C 29 , more usually C 1 to C 5 mono-carboxylic acid, and preferably C 2 to C 5 mono-carboxylic acid.
  • vinyl esters which may be copolymerised with ethylene include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate or isobutyrate, vinyl acetate being preferred. It is preferred that these copolymers have a number average molecular weight as measured by vapour phase osometry of 1,000 to 10,000, preferably 1,000 to 5,000.
  • the copolymer may be derived from additional comonomers, e.g. it may be a terpolymer or tetrapolymer or higher, for example where the additional comonomer is an iso-olefin such as di-isobutylene.
  • Examples comprise one or more of the compounds (a) to (c) below.
  • These polymers may be made directly from ethylenically unsaturated monomers or indirectly by hydrogenating the polymer made from monomers such as isoprene, butadiene etc.
  • a particularly preferred hydrocarbon polymer is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene having an ethylene content preferably between 20 and 60% (w/w) and is commonly made via homogeneous catalysts.
  • hydrocarbon polymers examples include WO-A-9111488.
  • Multicomponent additive systems may be used and the ratios of additives to be used will depend on the oil to be treated.
  • the oil may be a crude oil, i.e. an oil as obtained from drilling and before refining, when the inventive composition may be used as a flow improver or dewaxing aid.
  • the oil may be a lubricating oil which may be an animal, vegetable or mineral oil, for example petroleum oil fractions ranging from naphthas or spindle oil to lubricating oil grades, castor oil, fish oils or oxidised mineral oil.
  • the additive composition of the invention may be used as a flow improver, pour point depressant or dewaxing aid in lubricating oils.
  • Other additives may be present in a final lubricating oil, examples being viscosity index improvers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, succinic acid based dispersants, metal containing dispersant additives and zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphate antiwear additives.
  • fuel oils are middle distillate fuel oils, i.e. fuels obtained in refining crude oil as the fraction between the lighter kerosene and jet fuels fraction and the heavy fuel oil fraction.
  • middle distillate fuel oils i.e. fuels obtained in refining crude oil as the fraction between the lighter kerosene and jet fuels fraction and the heavy fuel oil fraction.
  • diesel fuel aviation fuel, kerosene, fuel oil, jet fuel and heating oil etc.
  • suitable distillate fuels are those boiling in the range of 120 to 500°C (ASTM D1160), preferably those boiling in the range 150 to 400°C, for example those having a relatively high Final Boiling Point (FBP) of above 360°C.
  • the fuel oil may be an animal, vegetable or mineral oil.
  • the fuel oil may also contain other additives such as stabilisers, dispersants, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors and/or demulsifiers.
  • Heating oils may be made of a blend of virgin distillate, e.g. gas oil, naphtha, etc and cracked distillates, e.g. catalytic cycle stock.
  • a representative specification for a diesel fuel includes a minimum flash point of 38°C and a 90% distillation point between 282 and 338°C (see ASTM Designations D-396 and D-975).
  • the total amount of additive composition provided in the fuel in this invention is preferably 0.0001 to 5.0 wt%, for example 0.001 to 0.5 wt% (active matter), based on the weight of fuel.
  • the additive composition may form from 20 to 90, e.g. 30 to 80 wt% thereof.
  • liquid carriers for use in a concentrate are solvents such as kerosene, aromatic naphthas and mineral lubricating oils.
  • M ⁇ n means number average molecular weight as measured by GPC relative to polystyrene standards.
  • the test fuels used were Fuels I to VI whose characteristics are listed in Diagram 1 below, all temperatures being in °C.
  • Diagram 1 FUEL Fuel Properties I II III IV V VI Cloud Point -6 -5 -6 -7 -2 +3 Base CFPP -8 -8 -9 -7 -4 0 D-86 IBP 166 168 135 136 178 179 20% 231 248 213 200 261 257 50% 276 279 277 248 291 293 90% 325 327 332 329 341 350 FBP 348 358 361 364 368 373 Test Temperature: -17 -15 -17 -17 -15 -9
  • An additive (which includes a combination of individual additive components as identified by juxtaposition of additive code letters in the results hereinafter) was added to a test diesel fuel (I to VI) by standard methods at an additive concentration of 200 ppm (active ingredient) for A, 200 ppm (active ingredient) for B, and 200 ppm (active ingredient) for each of the other additive components where used. The following tests were then carried out on the so-treated fuel.
  • a 40 ml sample of the oil to be tested is cooled in a bath which is maintained at about -34°C to give non-linear cooling at about 1 °C/min.
  • the cooled oil tested for its ability to flow through a fine screen in a prescribed time period using a test device which is a pipette to whose lower end is attached an inverted funnel which is positioned below the surface of the oil to be tested. Stretched across the mouth of the funnel is a 350 mesh screen having an area defined by a 12 millimetre diameter.
  • the periodic tests are each initiated by applying a vacuum to the upper end of the pipette whereby oil is drawn through the screen up into the pipette to a mark indicating 20 ml of oil. After each successful passage, the oil is returned immediately to the CFPP tube. The test is repeated with each one degree drop in temperature until the oil fails to fill the pipette within 60 seconds, the temperature at which failure occurs being reported as the CFPP temperature.
  • the extent of the settled layer was visually measured as a percentage of the total fuel volume by leaving the treated fuel in a measuring flask. Extensive wax settling would be indicated by a low number whilst an unsettled fluid fuel would be indicated by 100%. Poor samples of gelled fuel with large wax crystals almost always exhibit high values; such results are therefore recorded as "gel” where they occur.
  • the wax crystal average particle size was measured by analysing an Optical Micrograph of a fuel sample and measuring the longest axis of up to 50 crystals over a predetermined grid.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
EP92921009A 1991-10-22 1992-10-08 Oil and fuel oil compositions Expired - Lifetime EP0613493B1 (en)

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GB919122351A GB9122351D0 (en) 1991-10-22 1991-10-22 Oil and fuel oil compositions
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PCT/EP1992/002329 WO1993008243A1 (en) 1991-10-22 1992-10-08 Oil and fuel oil compositions

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MX (1) MX9205992A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
RU (1) RU2101326C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SG (1) SG49777A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1993008243A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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GB9301752D0 (en) * 1993-01-29 1993-03-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Oil and fuel oil compositions
DE4422159A1 (de) * 1994-06-24 1996-01-04 Hoechst Ag Umsetzungsprodukte von Polyetheraminen mit Polymeren alpha,beta-ungesättigter Dicarbonsäuren
GB9505103D0 (en) 1995-03-14 1995-05-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc "Fuel oil additives and compositions"
GB9725582D0 (en) 1997-12-03 1998-02-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel oil additives and compositions
ES2228922T3 (es) 2000-06-15 2005-04-16 Clariant International Ltd. Aditivos para el mejoramiento de las propiedades de fluidez en frio y de estabilidad en almacenamiento de aceites crudos.
JP4900997B2 (ja) * 2000-09-21 2012-03-21 東邦化学工業株式会社 新規脱ロウ助剤
EP1302526A1 (en) * 2001-10-15 2003-04-16 Infineum International Limited Additive compositions
WO2003074578A1 (de) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-12 Rohmax Additives Gmbh Copolymere als dewaxing-additive
US7648539B2 (en) * 2005-11-25 2010-01-19 Tellus Renewables Llc Diesel Fuel composition
EP2380952A1 (fr) * 2006-10-24 2011-10-26 Total Raffinage Marketing Fluide lubrifiant multifonctionnel
US20100005706A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Innospec Fuel Specialties, LLC Fuel composition with enhanced low temperature properties
CN107168577B (zh) 2017-05-12 2020-06-12 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 电致发光器件、触控显示面板和触控显示设备

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CN1071685A (zh) 1993-05-05
CN1038254C (zh) 1998-05-06
CA2121785A1 (en) 1993-04-29
DE69216113D1 (de) 1997-01-30
IN186681B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2001-10-20
JPH07500620A (ja) 1995-01-19
ATE146517T1 (de) 1997-01-15
GB9122351D0 (en) 1991-12-04
RU2101326C1 (ru) 1998-01-10
KR100245939B1 (ko) 2000-03-02
SG49777A1 (en) 1998-06-15
AU2687592A (en) 1993-05-21
EP0613493A1 (en) 1994-09-07
WO1993008243A1 (en) 1993-04-29
DE69216113T2 (de) 1997-04-10
MX9205992A (es) 1993-04-01

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