EP0613321B1 - Loudspeaker diaphragm for use in electroacoustic transducer containing Kenaf fibers - Google Patents

Loudspeaker diaphragm for use in electroacoustic transducer containing Kenaf fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0613321B1
EP0613321B1 EP94200460A EP94200460A EP0613321B1 EP 0613321 B1 EP0613321 B1 EP 0613321B1 EP 94200460 A EP94200460 A EP 94200460A EP 94200460 A EP94200460 A EP 94200460A EP 0613321 B1 EP0613321 B1 EP 0613321B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
loudspeaker diaphragm
kenaf
loudspeaker
pulp
paper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94200460A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0613321A1 (en
Inventor
Hidekazu C/O Foster Electric Co. Ltd. Ichikawa
Mutsuo C/O Foster Electric Co. Ltd. Musha
Hideaki C/O Foster Electric Co. Ltd. Motohashi
Takashi C/O Foster Electric Co. Ltd. Mikuniya
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Foster Electric Co Ltd
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Foster Electric Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0613321A1 publication Critical patent/EP0613321A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/029—Diaphragms comprising fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in a paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm for use in electroacoustic transducers.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm in general, it is demanded to have such excellent solid state properties that the density is small to be high in the elasticity, a proper internal loss is provided, no mechanical fatigue is provided while excellent in the weathering properties.
  • the paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm has been frequently utilized because of an easiness of the control of the foregoing solid state properties and of the manufacture. Dynamical properties of this paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm are determined by the solid state properties of single fiber employed, or by coupling strength and coupling area between fibers.
  • used paper is generally stocked outdoor so as to be deteriorated due to such various factors as rainwater, sunshine, decomposing fungi and so on, and the employment of the used paper placed under such conditions involves a problem particularly in respect of the obtainment of the high rigidity when such paper is used for making the diaphragm, and it is difficult to obtain a loudspeaker diaphragm having uniform solid state properties.
  • tubular fibrous bundle fiber as straw, bamboo and Manila hemp as the non-wooden fiber
  • non-wooden fiber in making the loudspeaker diaphragm
  • there has been also employed for the paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm such bast fiber as paper mulberry, Edgeworthia papyrifera of flax, but there has been involved a problem that the same has been poor in the productivity so as to be expensive.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a loudspeaker diaphragm for use in the electroacoustic transducers, which is manufactured on the premiss that the non-wooden fiber is employed and yet can be a sufficient substitute for the one made of the wooden fiber, and is excellent in the productivity to be inexpensive.
  • Kenaf is an annual plant which has a remarkably shorter rearing period than wood and can be reared even on wasteland, and its fibrous characteristics and eventually its solid state properties when used in the loudspeaker diaphragm are closely resembling the wooden fiber.
  • fibrous length and width of pulps of whole kenaf stalks, kenaf bast, bleached kraft (LBKP), Manila hemp and wood (NBKP) are shown in the following Table I: Type of Pulp Fibre Length (mm) Fibre Width ( ⁇ m) Whole kenaf stalk 1.28 34 Kenaf bast 2.5 23 LBKP 1 to 2 20 Manila hemp 2 to 8 16 to 32 NBKP 2 to 4 30
  • a paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm according to the present invention employing the kenaf fiber among the materials in the above Table shows to be light in weight and high in rigidity and to have a high internal loss, and can be contributive to the restriction of the terrestrial enviromental destruction.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm is manufactured by subjecting the kenaf fiber alone or mixed with other fibrous material to paper-making step.
  • a moisture-proofing or a waterproofing is carried out with respect to the foregoing loudspeaker diaphragm.
  • the solid state properties of kenaf fiber show, when used as the material for the loudspeaker diaphragm, values equal to or more desirous than those of the wooden fiber, and can provide substantially the same characteristics as the paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm comprising the wooden fiber.
  • the kenaf pulp employed in the present invention is prepared in the manner described later. That is, as the seeds, a "Blue Skin” No. 3 produced in China and “Everglade” (EG) Nos. 41 and 47 produced in U.S.A. were employed, these seeds were reared in Japan to obtain kenaf, which plant after the harvest was dried sufficiently, chipped to be about 5cm long in the fibrous material, and pulped while separating into a bast part and a woody part.
  • EG European Glade
  • bleached kenaf kraft pulp and the one obtained by subjecting this kraft pulp to a beating with PFI mill were employed, they were formed into a sheet through hand papering, and the solid state properties were evaluated mainly by Vibration Lead method.
  • a loudspeaker diaphragm was prepared by employing a pulp made with the woody part in the foregoing sample EG-71 kept non-beat, upon which alkyl ketene dimer (ACOPEL 12 made by DICK-HERCULES K.K.) was used as a sizing agent.
  • alkyl ketene dimer ACOPEL 12 made by DICK-HERCULES K.K.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm according to the present invention and a loudspeaker diaphragm prepared with the wooden pulp and formed into mutually the same shape were each employed respectively to construct loudspeakers of a diameter of 10cm, and they were subjected to a measurement of high frequency characteristics.
  • the loudspeaker employing the kenaf pulp diaphragm has shown such frequency characteristics as represented by a broken line Q, comparable with such frequency characteristics as represented by a solid line P of the loudspeaker employing the wooden pulp (NBKP).
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm employing the kenaf pulp has the solid state properties of desirable values equal to or more than the loudspeaker diaphragm employing the conventional wooden pulp, so that there can be realized such effect that the loudspeaker diaphragm of light weight, high rigidity and high internal loss can be obtained, and the wood is made unnecessary by the employment of the kenaf pulp so as to be able to attain the conservation of forestry resources and to be effectively contributive to such restriction of the terrestrial environmental destruction as the prevention of global warming and desertizing phenomena.
  • the drawing is a frequency characteristics diagram with respect to the sound pressure of the loudspeaker employing the diaphragm in an embodiment according to the present invention and the loudspeaker employing the conventional wooden pulp.

Description

Field of Utilization in Industry
This invention relates to improvements in a paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm for use in electroacoustic transducers.
Prior Art
For the loudspeaker diaphragm, in general, it is demanded to have such excellent solid state properties that the density is small to be high in the elasticity, a proper internal loss is provided, no mechanical fatigue is provided while excellent in the weathering properties.
While various ideas have been suggested to use to satisfy the foregoing solid state properties, a variety of high polymer materials, metallic materials, ceramic materials they are all troublesome in respect of the control of the foregoing solid state properties and manufacturing complexity, and are high in the manufacturing costs.
On the other hand, the paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm has been frequently utilized because of an easiness of the control of the foregoing solid state properties and of the manufacture. Dynamical properties of this paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm are determined by the solid state properties of single fiber employed, or by coupling strength and coupling area between fibers.
While wooden pulp has been generally employed as the material for the currently employed paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm from the viewpoint of costs, on the other hand, the reckless deforestation is mentioned in recent years as a problem in respect to the terrestrial environmental destruction. Since in this case global warming and desertizing phenomena can be prevented by means of conservation of forest, it has become an important theme to reconsider non-wooden paper resources. For the purpose of the conservation of forestal resources, therefore, it has been demanded to provide a substitute material for wood so as to reduce the amount of wood used.
In contemplating a remakable reduction in the amount of wood used for the purpose of the conservation of the forestal resources taking into account the restriction of the terrestrial environmental destruction, it may be first mentioned to utilize reclaimed paper. However, used paper is generally stocked outdoor so as to be deteriorated due to such various factors as rainwater, sunshine, decomposing fungi and so on, and the employment of the used paper placed under such conditions involves a problem particularly in respect of the obtainment of the high rigidity when such paper is used for making the diaphragm, and it is difficult to obtain a loudspeaker diaphragm having uniform solid state properties.
It is possible on the other hand to employ such tubular fibrous bundle fiber as straw, bamboo and Manila hemp as the non-wooden fiber in making the loudspeaker diaphragm, whereas, when these materials are used, there arises a problem that satisfactory solid state properties and tone cannot be obtained with the thus made loudspeaker diaphragm employed in the acoustic products. Further, there has been also employed for the paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm such bast fiber as paper mulberry, Edgeworthia papyrifera of flax, but there has been involved a problem that the same has been poor in the productivity so as to be expensive.
Technical Field
Consequently, an object of the present invention is to provide a loudspeaker diaphragm for use in the electroacoustic transducers, which is manufactured on the premiss that the non-wooden fiber is employed and yet can be a sufficient substitute for the one made of the wooden fiber, and is excellent in the productivity to be inexpensive.
As the result of keen study made by the present inventors, it has been found to be extremely useful to employ kenaf fiber as the substitute material for wood.
Kenaf is an annual plant which has a remarkably shorter rearing period than wood and can be reared even on wasteland, and its fibrous characteristics and eventually its solid state properties when used in the loudspeaker diaphragm are closely resembling the wooden fiber.
Here, fibrous length and width of pulps of whole kenaf stalks, kenaf bast, bleached kraft (LBKP), Manila hemp and wood (NBKP) are shown in the following Table I:
Type of Pulp Fibre Length (mm) Fibre Width (µm)
Whole kenaf stalk 1.28 34
Kenaf bast 2.5 23
LBKP 1 to 2 20
Manila hemp 2 to 8 16 to 32
NBKP 2 to 4 30
A paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm according to the present invention employing the kenaf fiber among the materials in the above Table shows to be light in weight and high in rigidity and to have a high internal loss, and can be contributive to the restriction of the terrestrial enviromental destruction.
In order to establish the above purpose, according to the present invention, the loudspeaker diaphragm is manufactured by subjecting the kenaf fiber alone or mixed with other fibrous material to paper-making step.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a moisture-proofing or a waterproofing is carried out with respect to the foregoing loudspeaker diaphragm.
Function
The solid state properties of kenaf fiber show, when used as the material for the loudspeaker diaphragm, values equal to or more desirous than those of the wooden fiber, and can provide substantially the same characteristics as the paper-made loudspeaker diaphragm comprising the wooden fiber.
Embodiment
The present invention will now be further elucidated with reference to an embodiment. Here, the kenaf pulp employed in the present invention is prepared in the manner described later. That is, as the seeds, a "Blue Skin" No. 3 produced in China and "Everglade" (EG) Nos. 41 and 47 produced in U.S.A. were employed, these seeds were reared in Japan to obtain kenaf, which plant after the harvest was dried sufficiently, chipped to be about 5cm long in the fibrous material, and pulped while separating into a bast part and a woody part.
Conditions for preparing a kraft pulp were as stated hereafter. That is, the degree of xanthation was 25%, effective alkali was 16%, liquid ratio was 1:7, digesting temperature was 170°C, digesting time was 3.5 hours and Rohe value was 3.2, upon which the total yield was 48%.
Here, bleached kenaf kraft pulp and the one obtained by subjecting this kraft pulp to a beating with PFI mill were employed, they were formed into a sheet through hand papering, and the solid state properties were evaluated mainly by Vibration Lead method.
In this case, there were prepared as samples a sheet containing the "Blue Skin" No. 3, a sheet containing EG-41 and a sheet containing EG-71, and results of measurement with respect to each of them were as shown in Table II.
Figure 00070001
As will be clear from Table II, it has been found that the solid state properties when employed in the respective loudspeaker diaphragms show desirable values more than equal to those of the wooden pulp (NBKP). Further, other than the above properties, it has been found that the kenaf pulp has the following features:
  • (1) It shows lower water absorption and oil permeability than NBKP, and has a water-resisting and oil-resisting effect.
  • (2) When used as mixed and papered with the wooden pulp, it increases the bulk, and the rigidity as the loudspeaker diaphragm is improved.
  • (3) It is possible to use the kenaf pulp as the loudspeaker diaphragm even without it being subjected to the beating.
  • (4) When employed as beat, the beating proceeds faster than the wood pulp, and an energy saving can be attained upon the production.
    • Further, a loudspeaker diaphragm was prepared by employing a pulp made with the woody part in the foregoing sample EG-71 kept non-beat, upon which alkyl ketene dimer (ACOPEL 12 made by DICK-HERCULES K.K.) was used as a sizing agent.
    The thus prepared loudspeaker diaphragm according to the present invention and a loudspeaker diaphragm prepared with the wooden pulp and formed into mutually the same shape were each employed respectively to construct loudspeakers of a diameter of 10cm, and they were subjected to a measurement of high frequency characteristics. As the result, as shown in an accompanying drawing, the loudspeaker employing the kenaf pulp diaphragm has shown such frequency characteristics as represented by a broken line Q, comparable with such frequency characteristics as represented by a solid line P of the loudspeaker employing the wooden pulp (NBKP).
    It is also effective to carry out the moistureproofing and waterproofing with respect to the loudspeaker diaphragm, so that the diaphragm can be provided with sufficient moisture resistance and water resistance so as to have good aptitude for use in many foreign countries in which high temperature and high humidity prevail.
    Effect of the Invention
    According to the present invention of the foregoing arrangement, the loudspeaker diaphragm employing the kenaf pulp has the solid state properties of desirable values equal to or more than the loudspeaker diaphragm employing the conventional wooden pulp, so that there can be realized such effect that the loudspeaker diaphragm of light weight, high rigidity and high internal loss can be obtained, and the wood is made unnecessary by the employment of the kenaf pulp so as to be able to attain the conservation of forestry resources and to be effectively contributive to such restriction of the terrestrial environmental destruction as the prevention of global warming and desertizing phenomena.
    4. Brief Explanation of the Drawing:
    The drawing is a frequency characteristics diagram with respect to the sound pressure of the loudspeaker employing the diaphragm in an embodiment according to the present invention and the loudspeaker employing the conventional wooden pulp.

    Claims (5)

    1. A loudspeaker diaphragm comprising a fibrous material characterized in containing at least a kenaf fiber resulting from a paper-making step.
    2. A loudspeaker diaphragm according to claim 1, wherein said kenaf fiber is used alone as said fibrous material.
    3. A loudspeaker diaphragm according to claim 1, wherein said fibrous material contains said kenaf fiber and another fiber.
    4. A loudspeaker diaphragm according to any one of claims 1 to 3, with is moisture proof.
    5. A loudspeaker diaphragm according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is waterproof.
    EP94200460A 1993-02-24 1994-02-23 Loudspeaker diaphragm for use in electroacoustic transducer containing Kenaf fibers Expired - Lifetime EP0613321B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    JP5059716A JPH06253390A (en) 1993-02-24 1993-02-24 Diaphragm for speaker
    JP59716/93 1993-02-24

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0613321A1 EP0613321A1 (en) 1994-08-31
    EP0613321B1 true EP0613321B1 (en) 1998-04-22

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP94200460A Expired - Lifetime EP0613321B1 (en) 1993-02-24 1994-02-23 Loudspeaker diaphragm for use in electroacoustic transducer containing Kenaf fibers

    Country Status (5)

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    EP (1) EP0613321B1 (en)
    JP (1) JPH06253390A (en)
    KR (1) KR940020863A (en)
    DE (1) DE69409699T2 (en)
    HK (1) HK1009668A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US5728269A (en) * 1994-12-22 1998-03-17 Atsushi Onishi Board produced from malvaceous bast plant and process for producing the same
    WO1999042652A1 (en) 1998-02-19 1999-08-26 International Paper Company Process for production of chemical pulp from herbaceous plants
    DE19935596A1 (en) * 1999-08-02 2001-03-15 Moeller Plast Gmbh Acoustic component
    DE19946147A1 (en) * 1999-09-27 2001-04-26 Moeller Plast Gmbh Acoustic component e.g. for use in vehicle, is fiber panel that can be stimulated to acoustic oscillation and can output sound waves, and its fibers consist of renewable material and/or synthetic material

    Family Cites Families (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    JPS62216494A (en) * 1986-03-17 1987-09-24 Pioneer Electronic Corp Diaphragm for speaker
    JP2892707B2 (en) * 1989-10-03 1999-05-17 オンキヨー株式会社 Speaker diaphragm
    JPH04181899A (en) * 1990-04-13 1992-06-29 Sansui Electric Co Ltd Diaphragm for speaker

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE69409699D1 (en) 1998-05-28
    EP0613321A1 (en) 1994-08-31
    HK1009668A1 (en) 1999-06-04
    DE69409699T2 (en) 1998-11-26
    JPH06253390A (en) 1994-09-09
    KR940020863A (en) 1994-09-16

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