EP0611832A1 - Process for producing castings - Google Patents
Process for producing castings Download PDFInfo
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- EP0611832A1 EP0611832A1 EP94101997A EP94101997A EP0611832A1 EP 0611832 A1 EP0611832 A1 EP 0611832A1 EP 94101997 A EP94101997 A EP 94101997A EP 94101997 A EP94101997 A EP 94101997A EP 0611832 A1 EP0611832 A1 EP 0611832A1
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- Prior art keywords
- casting
- heat treatment
- carried out
- local heat
- hardness
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
- F01M11/0004—Oilsumps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of castings, in which a casting compound made of a metallic alloy is poured into a mold in a liquefied form, cooled and then removed from the mold. Furthermore, the invention relates to a casting, in particular an oil pan, produced in the casting process, in particular die-casting process.
- Aluminum alloys are becoming increasingly important among these alloys suitable for casting processes.
- Oil sumps for motor vehicles made of aluminum alloys in the casting process i.e. manufactured in die casting, sand casting or permanent mold casting.
- These conventional oil pans cast from an aluminum alloy have only a low deformability of approx. 1 - 2% elongation.
- the workpieces produced in this way are only shockproof to a limited extent.
- Rockfalls or other high obstacles lead to cracks in the oil pan and thus lead to leaks.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a process for the production of castings, with the aid of which the disadvantages known in the prior art can be overcome and further to provide a shock-resistant cast part, in particular an oil pan for motor vehicles.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by a process for the production of castings in that, after the casting has been removed from the mold, local heat treatment is carried out at such temperatures and over such a period of time that regions of different hardness are obtained.
- the local heat treatment carried out after the shaping makes it possible to produce castings which have different hardness or strength in individual areas.
- any areas with higher ductility and other areas with lower ductility, ie hard and dimensionally stable, can be achieved.
- the finished casting thus has two opposing properties, areas of high hardness and areas of low hardness in a single workpiece.
- the method also has the advantage that workpieces with a smaller wall thickness can be produced, moreover it is simple to carry out and extremely economical because of the time and energy saved. It can be easily integrated into existing production processes.
- the present invention can be used in a wide variety of different casting processes, for example sand casting, die casting, chill casting, so it does not impose any restrictions on the production process.
- castings of a wide variety of metallic alloys and therefore for a wide variety of applications can be produced in accordance with the present method.
- the use of the method for the production of sand, pressure or mold castings from aluminum alloy has proven to be particularly advantageous, e.g. AlSi10Mg exposed.
- a suitable temperature range for local heat treatment is between 380 ° C - 500 ° C with a duration of 3 - 4 minutes.
- the castings to be produced can be tempered, hardened or otherwise pretreated before the local heat treatment is carried out.
- Treatment with the open gas flame or with electric heating are two simple and quick ways to carry out the local heat treatment in a targeted manner.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of oil pans in which a flange region with increased strength and a ductile base region can be specifically formed by the method according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention can be applied to other castings in which double properties or opposing properties of areas of increased hardness and low hardness are required.
- the method according to the invention can under certain circumstances eliminate the need for complex subsequent machining processes, for example drilling and milling, which can occur in the conventional curing or soft annealing methods due to warpage of the molded parts.
- Manufacture oil pans that have a hardness of HB 85-110 and ductility of 0.5-2.5% in the flange area and, depending on the casting process (pressure, sand or permanent mold (GD, GS, GK)), a hardness from HB 55 - 80 and have a ductility above 4%.
- the preferred values for sand casting are 55 - 65 HB and 4%, for die casting 70 - 80 HB and 5% and for permanent mold casting 60 - 70 HB and also 5%.
- Such an oil pan according to the invention is sufficiently shockproof in practice and can be produced easily and inexpensively. Cast on additional elements e.g. for gearbox support retain their intended function as they are excluded from local treatment.
- the highly simplified oil pan 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a trough-shaped bottom region 4, the upper edge of which is closed by a circumferential flange region 2.
- a plurality of receiving openings 3 are formed in the flange area 2, via which the oil pan can be connected to a housing.
- the shape of the oil pan can be varied as desired and by additional elements such.
- B. a transmission support can be added.
- the oil pan shown in Figure 1 was made as described below:
- a liquefied aluminum alloy is poured into a mold under pressure of several 100 bar and solidifies in it. Due to the better heat dissipation through the printing form and the associated faster cooling, a casting is created with a fine-grained structure and a sufficiently high strength. In order to avoid air pockets in the casting, an evacuable mold is preferably used.
- the mold is filled under gravity or low pressure.
- the castings produced in this way can be heat-treated and hardened to increase the strength.
- the molded part is first subjected to a first step of heat treatment, the so-called solution annealing at a temperature of 520 ° C.
- the molded casting is then quenched to room temperature and cured at a temperature between 145 ° C and 180 ° C.
- strength increases of more than 50% can be achieved in the entire casting.
- the oil pan tempered in this way has only a slight ductility in the range of 1-2% elongation.
- the molded part 1 is placed in a subsequent device in a suitable device in which the molded part is positioned. Subsequently, the bottom area 4 of the molded part is treated locally with an open flame.
- glow tubes 5 are arranged below the oil pan at a distance of approximately 20 mm, with the aid of which the base region 4 of the casting is locally heat-treated at approximately 450 ° C. for two to four minutes.
- the local heat treatment achieves a structural change in the treated area of the casting, and these treated areas are characterized by a lower hardness and an increased elongation of more than 5%.
- the various areas are indicated in FIG. 1 by the dashed dividing line.
- the position of the dividing line can be varied as desired.
- the casting 1 to be treated being suitably arranged in the water bath 6 (FIG. 2). This means that the areas that are to have a higher strength are immersed in the water bath, while the areas to be heat-treated are above the water surface.
- the hardness of the oil pans produced as described above was then determined using the Brinell method.
- Oil sumps manufactured for comparison purposes which in a conventional manner i.e. produced without a subsequent local heat treatment showed a hardness of approx. 85 - 110 HB in all areas.
- oil pans produced according to the invention showed deformations at the collision point, and cracks or leaks could not be found in the oil pan.
- the method according to the invention can be used in all fields in which one-piece workpieces with opposing properties, i. H. with areas of different hardness in one part, are needed or desirable.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußteilen, bei dem eine Gießmasse aus einer metallischen Legierung verflüssigt in eine Form gegossen, abgekühlt und anschließend entformt wird. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Gußteil, insbesondere eine Ölwanne, hergestellt im Gußverfahren, insbesondere Druckgußverfahren.The invention relates to a process for the production of castings, in which a casting compound made of a metallic alloy is poured into a mold in a liquefied form, cooled and then removed from the mold. Furthermore, the invention relates to a casting, in particular an oil pan, produced in the casting process, in particular die-casting process.
Im Gußverfahren hergestellte Werkstücke werden in verschiedensten Bauteilen und für verschiedenste Anwendungen eingesetzt.Workpieces produced in the casting process are used in a wide variety of components and for a wide variety of applications.
Unter diesen für Gußverfahren geeigneten Legierungen, finden Aluminiumlegierungen wachsende Bedeutung. So werden z.B. Ölwannen für Kraftfahrzeuge aus Aluminiumlegierungen im Gußverfahren, d.h. im Druckguß, Sandguß oder Kokillenguß hergestellt. Diese herkömmlichen aus einer Aluminiumlegierung gegossenen Ölwannen weisen eine nur geringe Verformbarkeit von ca. 1 - 2 % Dehnung auf. Insbesondere aufgrund dieser geringen Verformbarkeit sind die solchermaßen hergestellten Werkstücke nur begrenzt stoßfest. So können z.B. Steinschlag oder sonstige hohe Weghindernisse zu Rissen in der Ölwanne und damit zu Undichtigkeiten führen.Aluminum alloys are becoming increasingly important among these alloys suitable for casting processes. For example, Oil sumps for motor vehicles made of aluminum alloys in the casting process, i.e. manufactured in die casting, sand casting or permanent mold casting. These conventional oil pans cast from an aluminum alloy have only a low deformability of approx. 1 - 2% elongation. Particularly because of this low deformability, the workpieces produced in this way are only shockproof to a limited extent. For example, Rockfalls or other high obstacles lead to cracks in the oil pan and thus lead to leaks.
Zunehmend steigen die Anforderungen der Industrie nach Ölwannen mit einer erhöhten Stoßbeständigkeit um so z.B. Beschädigungen der Ölwanne beim Auffahren auf eine Bordsteinkante zu vermeiden. Um diesen Forderungen der Industrie nachzukommen wurden zunächst die Wanddicken der Werkstücke verstärkt, um so die Festigkeit der gesamten Ölwanne oder des Bodenbereichs zu erhöhen. Diese Maßnahme ist jedoch mit erhöhten Materialaufwendungen verbunden, so daß die Produktionskosten wesentlich ansteigen.The requirements of the industry for oil pans with increased shock resistance are increasing, e.g. Avoid damaging the oil pan when hitting a curb. In order to meet these demands of the industry, the wall thicknesses of the workpieces were first increased in order to increase the strength of the entire oil pan or the floor area. However, this measure is associated with increased material costs, so that the production costs increase significantly.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußteilen zu schaffen, mit dessen Hilfe sich die im Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile überwinden lassen und des weiteren ein möglichst stoßbeständiges Gußteil, insbesondere eine Ölwanne für Kraftfahrzeuge zur Verfügung zu stellen.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a process for the production of castings, with the aid of which the disadvantages known in the prior art can be overcome and further to provide a shock-resistant cast part, in particular an oil pan for motor vehicles.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußteilen dadurch gelöst, daß nach dem Entformen des Gußteiles eine lokale Wärmebehandlung mit derartigen Temperaturen und über einen derartigen Zeitraum durchgeführt werden, daß sich Bereiche unterschiedlicher Härte einstellen.This object is achieved according to the invention by a process for the production of castings in that, after the casting has been removed from the mold, local heat treatment is carried out at such temperatures and over such a period of time that regions of different hardness are obtained.
Die nach dem Ausformen durchgeführte, lokale Wärmebehandlung ermöglicht es, Gußteile herzustellen, die in einzelnen Bereichen unterschiedliche Härte bzw. Festigkeit aufweisen. Es lassen sich somit nach der Fertigstellung des Gußteiles beliebige Bereiche mit höherer Duktilität und andere Bereiche mit geringerer Duktilität, also hart und formstabil, erzielen. Das fertiggestellte Gußteil weist folglich zwei gegenläufige Eigenschaften, Bereiche von hoher Härte sowie Bereiche mit niedriger Härte in einem einzigen Werkstück auf. Das Verfahren bringt des weiteren den Vorteil mit sich, daß Werkstücke mit geringerer Wandstärke hergestellt werden können, außerdem ist einfach durchzuführen, und aufgrund der Zeit- und Energieeinsparung äußerst wirtschaftlich. Es läßt sich bequem in schon bestehende Fertigungsabläufe integrieren.The local heat treatment carried out after the shaping makes it possible to produce castings which have different hardness or strength in individual areas. After the casting is finished, any areas with higher ductility and other areas with lower ductility, ie hard and dimensionally stable, can be achieved. The finished casting thus has two opposing properties, areas of high hardness and areas of low hardness in a single workpiece. The method also has the advantage that workpieces with a smaller wall thickness can be produced, moreover it is simple to carry out and extremely economical because of the time and energy saved. It can be easily integrated into existing production processes.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 2 - 16.Preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention result from subclaims 2-16.
Es hat sich bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Wärmebehandlung bei einer Temperatur oberhalb der zweifachen Überalterungstemperatur durchzuführen. Diese Temperatur ist ausreichend um eine gewünschte Gefügeänderung zu bewirken.When carrying out the method, it has proven particularly advantageous to carry out the heat treatment at a temperature above twice the aging temperature. This temperature is sufficient to bring about a desired structural change.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist vielseitig auf die verschiedensten Gußverfahren z.B. Sandguß, Druckguß, Kokillenguß anwendbar, legt also keinerlei Beschränkungen des Herstellungsverfahren auf.The present invention can be used in a wide variety of different casting processes, for example sand casting, die casting, chill casting, so it does not impose any restrictions on the production process.
Gleichermaßen können Gußteile verschiedenster metallischer Legierungen und daher für die unterschiedlichsten Anwendungen gemäß des vorliegenden Verfahrens hergestellt werden. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich die Anwendung des Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Sand-, Druck- oder Kokillen-Gußteilen aus Aluminiumlegierung z.B. AlSi10Mg herausgestellt. Für eine AlSi10Mg Legierung liegt ein geeigneter Temperaturbereich für die lokale Wärmebehandlung zwischen 380°C - 500°C bei einer Zeitdauer von 3 - 4 Minuten.Likewise, castings of a wide variety of metallic alloys and therefore for a wide variety of applications can be produced in accordance with the present method. The use of the method for the production of sand, pressure or mold castings from aluminum alloy has proven to be particularly advantageous, e.g. AlSi10Mg exposed. For an AlSi10Mg alloy, a suitable temperature range for local heat treatment is between 380 ° C - 500 ° C with a duration of 3 - 4 minutes.
Ferner können die herzustellenden Gußteile vor der Durchführung der lokalen Wärmebehandlung vergütet, ausgehärtet oder anderweitig vorbehandelt werden.Furthermore, the castings to be produced can be tempered, hardened or otherwise pretreated before the local heat treatment is carried out.
Zwei einfache und schnell durchzuführende Möglichkeiten, die lokale Wärmebehandlung gezielt durchzuführen, stellen die Behandlung mit der offenen Gasflamme oder mit elektrischer Heizung dar.Treatment with the open gas flame or with electric heating are two simple and quick ways to carry out the local heat treatment in a targeted manner.
Um bei komplizierter aufgebauten Gußteilen die höhere Festigkeit in bestimmten Bereichen des Teiles beizubehalten, hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn diese Bereiche während der lokalen Wärmebehandlung zusätzlich gekühlt werden, z.B. durch Wasserkühlung, Luftkühlung oder durch gekühlte und profilierte Metallbacken. Auf diese Weise wird möglich, die verschiedensten Formen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zu behandeln.In order to maintain the higher strength in certain areas of the part in the case of more complex castings, it has proven advantageous if these areas are additionally cooled during the local heat treatment, e.g. by water cooling, air cooling or by cooled and profiled metal jaws. In this way it is possible to treat a wide variety of forms with the method according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist insbesondere zur Herstellung von Ölwannen geeignet, bei welchen durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ein Flanschbereich mit erhöhter Festigkeit und ein duktiler Bodenbereich gezielt ausgebildet werden kann.The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of oil pans in which a flange region with increased strength and a ductile base region can be specifically formed by the method according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich beliebig auf andere Gußteile übertragen, bei denen Doppeleigenschaften bzw. gegenläufige Eigenschaften von Bereichen erhöhter Härte und niedriger Härte gefordert sind. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren entfallen unter Umständen aufwendige nachfolgende Bearbeitungsvorgänge z.B. Bohren und Fräsen, die bei den herkömmlichen Aushärtungs- oder Weichglühverfahren durch Verzug der Formteile auftreten können.The method according to the invention can be applied to other castings in which double properties or opposing properties of areas of increased hardness and low hardness are required. The method according to the invention can under certain circumstances eliminate the need for complex subsequent machining processes, for example drilling and milling, which can occur in the conventional curing or soft annealing methods due to warpage of the molded parts.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich somit Gußteile z. B. Ölwannen herstellen, die eine Härte von HB 85 - 110 und Duktilität von 0,5 - 2,5 % im Flanschbereich und, je nach Gußverfahren (Druck-, Sand- oder Kokillenguß (GD, GS, GK)), eine Härte von HB 55 - 80 und eine Duktilität oberhalb 4 % haben. Für Sandguß liegen die bevorzugten Werte bei 55 - 65 HB und 4 %, für Druckguß bei 70 - 80 HB und 5 % und für Kokillenguß bei 60 - 70 HB und ebenfalls 5 %.With the method according to the invention can be castings z. B. Manufacture oil pans that have a hardness of HB 85-110 and ductility of 0.5-2.5% in the flange area and, depending on the casting process (pressure, sand or permanent mold (GD, GS, GK)), a hardness from HB 55 - 80 and have a ductility above 4%. The preferred values for sand casting are 55 - 65 HB and 4%, for die casting 70 - 80 HB and 5% and for permanent mold casting 60 - 70 HB and also 5%.
Eine solche erfindungsgemäße Ölwanne ist für die Praxis ausreichend stoßfest und läßt sich einfach und preiswert herstellen. Angegossene zusätzliche Elemente z.B. zur Getriebeabstützung behalten die ihnen zugedachte Zweckfunktion, da sie von der lokalen Behandlung ausgeklammert werden.Such an oil pan according to the invention is sufficiently shockproof in practice and can be produced easily and inexpensively. Cast on additional elements e.g. for gearbox support retain their intended function as they are excluded from local treatment.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.The present invention is described in more detail using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings.
Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer gemäß des vorliegenden Verfahrens behandelten Ölwanne, und
- Fig. 2
- eine vereinfachte Darstellung im Schnitt einer gemäß des vorliegenden Verfahrens behandelten und teilweise im Wasserbad gekühlten Ölwanne.
- Fig. 1
- a simplified representation of an oil pan treated according to the present method, and
- Fig. 2
- a simplified representation in section of an oil pan treated according to the present method and partially cooled in a water bath.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte stark vereinfachte Ölwanne 1 umfaßt einen wannenförmigen Bodenbereich 4 dessen obere Kante von einem umlaufenden Flanschbereich 2 abgeschlossen wird. In den Flanschbereich 2 sind eine Vielzahl von Aufnahmeöffnungen 3 ausgebildet über welche die Ölwanne mit einem Gehäuse verbunden werden kann. Die Form der Ölwanne kann beliebig variiert und durch zusätzliche Elemente z. B. eine Getriebestütze ergänzt werden.The highly
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ölwanne wurde wie nachfolgend beschrieben hergestellt:
Im GD-Verfahren wird eine verflüssigte Aluminiumlegierung unter Druck von mehreren 100 bar in eine Gußform eingefüllt und in dieser erstarrt. Aufgrund der besseren Wärmeableitung durch die Druckform und der damit verbundenen schnelleren Abkühlung entsteht ein Gußteil mit einem feinkörnigen Gefüge und einer ausreichend hoher Festigkeit. Um Lufteinschlüsse in dem Gußteil zu vermeiden, wird vorzugsweise eine evakuierbare Gußform eingesetzt.The oil pan shown in Figure 1 was made as described below:
In the GD process, a liquefied aluminum alloy is poured into a mold under pressure of several 100 bar and solidifies in it. Due to the better heat dissipation through the printing form and the associated faster cooling, a casting is created with a fine-grained structure and a sufficiently high strength. In order to avoid air pockets in the casting, an evacuable mold is preferably used.
Im GB- und GK-Verfahren wird die Form unter Schwerkraft oder niederem Druck gefüllt.In the GB and GK processes, the mold is filled under gravity or low pressure.
Die solchermaßen hergestellten Formgußteile können zur Steigerung der Festigung wärmebehandelt und ausgehärtet werden. Zu diesem Zweck wird das Formgußteil zunächst einem ersten Schritt der Wärmebehandlung, dem sogenannten Lösungsglühen bei einer Temperatur von 520°C unterworfen. Anschließend wird das Formgußteil auf Raumtemperatur abgeschreckt und bei einer Temperatur zwischen 145°C und 180°C ausgehärtet. Durch dieses Verfahren sind Festigkeitssteigerungen von mehr als 50 % im gesamten Gußteil erzielbar. Die solchermaßen vergütete Ölwanne weist jedoch nur eine geringfügige Duktilität im Bereich von 1 - 2 % Dehnung auf.The castings produced in this way can be heat-treated and hardened to increase the strength. For this purpose, the molded part is first subjected to a first step of heat treatment, the so-called solution annealing at a temperature of 520 ° C. The molded casting is then quenched to room temperature and cured at a temperature between 145 ° C and 180 ° C. With this method, strength increases of more than 50% can be achieved in the entire casting. The oil pan tempered in this way, however, has only a slight ductility in the range of 1-2% elongation.
Zur Durchführung der lokalen Wärmebehandlung wird das Gußformteil 1 in einem nachfolgenden erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritt in eine geeignete Vorrichtung eingelegt, in welcher das Formgußteil positioniert liegt. Anschließend wird der Bodenbereich 4 des Formgußteiles mit einer offenen Flamme lokal behandelt. Zu diesem Zweck sind unterhalb der Ölwanne Glührohre 5 in einem Abstand von ca. 20 mm angeordnet, mit deren Hilfe der Bodenbereich 4 des Gußteiles bei ca. 450°C zwei bis vier Minuten lokal wärmebehandelt wird.In order to carry out the local heat treatment, the molded
Durch die lokale Wärmebehandlung wird eine Gefügeumwandlung in dem behandelten Bereich des Gußformstückes erzielt, und diese behandelten Bereiche zeichnen sich durch eine geringere Härte sowie durch eine erhöhte Dehnung von mehr als 5 % aus. Die verschiedenen Bereiche werden in Fig. 1 durch die gestrichelte Trennlinie angedeutet.The local heat treatment achieves a structural change in the treated area of the casting, and these treated areas are characterized by a lower hardness and an increased elongation of more than 5%. The various areas are indicated in FIG. 1 by the dashed dividing line.
Je nach Ausführung der lokalen Wärmebehandlung kann die Position der Trennlinie beliebig variiert werden.Depending on the execution of the local heat treatment, the position of the dividing line can be varied as desired.
Durch die konzentrierte lokale Wärmeeinbringung kann es notwendig werden diese Wärme teilweise abzuführen, um die Bereiche, z. B. die Flanschbereiche 2, welche eine erhöhte Festigkeit aufweisen, beizubehalten. Wird eine Kühlung bestimmter Bereiche notwendig, können z.B. gezielt Kühlbacken eingesetzt werden, oder die Glühbehandlung im Wasserbad 6 durchgeführt werden, wobei das zu behandelnde Gußteil 1 geeignet in dem Wasserbad 6 angeordnet wird (Fig. 2). Das heißt die Bereiche, die eine höhere Festigkeit aufweisen sollen, werden in das Wasserbad eingetaucht, während sich die zu wärmebehandelnden Bereiche oberhalb der Wasseroberfläche befinden.Due to the concentrated local heat input, it may be necessary to partially dissipate this heat to cover the areas, e.g. B. to maintain the
Die Härte der wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Ölwannen wurden anschließend mittels des Brinell-Verfahrens ermittelt.The hardness of the oil pans produced as described above was then determined using the Brinell method.
Dabei zeigte es sich, daß die Ölwannen im Flanschbereich eine Härte von HB 85 - 110 aufwiesen, während die Härte im Bodenbereich auf 60 - 75 HB absank.It was found that the oil pans in the flange area had a hardness of HB 85-110, while the hardness in the floor area dropped to 60-75 HB.
Zu Vergleichszwecken hergestellte Ölwannen, die auf herkömmliche Art und Weise d.h. ohne eine nachfolgende lokale Wärmebehandlung hergestellt wurden, zeigten in allen Bereichen eine Härte von ca. 85 - 110 HB.Oil sumps manufactured for comparison purposes, which in a conventional manner i.e. produced without a subsequent local heat treatment showed a hardness of approx. 85 - 110 HB in all areas.
Des weiteren wurde die Stoßfestigkeit der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten und der konventionell hergestellten Ölwannen untersucht. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Versuchsanordnung aufgebaut bei welcher ein Fallgewicht von 8,5 kg aus einer Höhe von 1 m mit einer Aufschlaggeschwindigkeit von ca. 16 km/h mit einer kinetischen Energie von ca. 83 J auf den Boden der Ölwannen aufprallten.Furthermore, the impact resistance of the oil sumps produced according to the invention and the conventionally manufactured oil sumps was investigated. For this purpose, a test set-up was set up in which a falling weight of 8.5 kg from a height of 1 m hit the bottom of the oil sumps with a kinetic energy of approx. 83 km and an impact speed of approx. 16 km / h.
Nach der Schlagprüfung zeigten sich in den konventionell hergestellten Ölwannen sternförmige Risse an den Kollisionsstellen, die sich teilweise über die ganze Wanddicke des Formteiles fortsetzten.After the impact test, star-shaped cracks were found in the conventionally produced oil pans at the collision points, some of which continued over the entire wall thickness of the molded part.
Im Gegensatz dazu wiesen die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Ölwannen Verformungen an der Kollisionsstelle auf, Risse oder undichte Stellen konnten in der Ölwanne nicht entdeckt werden.In contrast to this, the oil pans produced according to the invention showed deformations at the collision point, and cracks or leaks could not be found in the oil pan.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann auf allen Gebieten eingesetzt werden, bei welchen einstückig hergestellte Werkstücke mit gegenläufigen Eigenschaften, d. h. mit Bereichen verschiedener Härte in einem Teil, benötigt werden oder wünschenswert sind.The method according to the invention can be used in all fields in which one-piece workpieces with opposing properties, i. H. with areas of different hardness in one part, are needed or desirable.
Claims (20)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
nach dem Entformen eine lokale Wärmebehandlung mit derartigen Temperaturen und über einen derartigen Zeitraum durchgeführt wird, daß sich Bereiche unterschiedlicher Härte einstellen.Process for the production of castings, in which a casting compound made of a metallic alloy is poured into a mold in a liquefied form, cooled and then removed from the mold,
characterized in that
after demolding, a local heat treatment is carried out at such temperatures and over such a period of time that areas of different hardness are obtained.
gekennnzeichnet durch:
mindestens zwei Bereiche unterschiedlicher Härte und Duktilität.Casting,
characterized by:
at least two areas of different hardness and ductility.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4304134A DE4304134C1 (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1993-02-11 | Process for the production of castings |
| DE4304134 | 1993-02-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0611832A1 true EP0611832A1 (en) | 1994-08-24 |
| EP0611832B1 EP0611832B1 (en) | 1996-09-11 |
Family
ID=6480248
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94101997A Expired - Lifetime EP0611832B1 (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1994-02-09 | Process for producing castings |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0611832B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE142711T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4304134C1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0611832T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2092841T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3021129T3 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914090A1 (en) * | 1999-03-27 | 2000-04-27 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Function carrier used for vehicle chassis made of aluminum diecasting alloy is heat treated section-wise and cooled with air |
| EP1020540A1 (en) * | 1999-01-16 | 2000-07-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing aluminium alloy castings |
| EP1287925A3 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2004-04-28 | Audi Ag | A process for the forming of metal alloy wheel rims |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006032699B4 (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2010-09-09 | Bdw Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Aluminum alloy and its use for a cast component, in particular a motor vehicle |
| DE102015008008B4 (en) * | 2015-06-22 | 2020-11-12 | Audi Ag | Method for producing a cast component and heat treatment device |
| DE102015223960A1 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing a cast component |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1060606B (en) * | 1956-08-14 | 1959-07-02 | Aluminiumwerke Nuernberg G M B | Process for hardening work pieces made of aluminum alloys |
| US3817354A (en) * | 1972-06-01 | 1974-06-18 | Gear Co M W | Oil pan for tractors |
| WO1982003813A1 (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1982-11-11 | Plc Ae | Manufacture of pistons |
| DE3441713A1 (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1986-05-22 | Mahle Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Trunk piston for internal-combustion engines |
| JPH02149639A (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1990-06-08 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Method for locally softening cast article |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4151014A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1979-04-24 | Western Electric Company, Inc. | Laser annealing |
-
1993
- 1993-02-11 DE DE4304134A patent/DE4304134C1/en not_active Revoked
-
1994
- 1994-02-09 EP EP94101997A patent/EP0611832B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-09 DK DK94101997.8T patent/DK0611832T3/en active
- 1994-02-09 DE DE59400610T patent/DE59400610D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-09 AT AT94101997T patent/ATE142711T1/en active
- 1994-02-09 ES ES94101997T patent/ES2092841T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-09-25 GR GR960402495T patent/GR3021129T3/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1060606B (en) * | 1956-08-14 | 1959-07-02 | Aluminiumwerke Nuernberg G M B | Process for hardening work pieces made of aluminum alloys |
| US3817354A (en) * | 1972-06-01 | 1974-06-18 | Gear Co M W | Oil pan for tractors |
| WO1982003813A1 (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1982-11-11 | Plc Ae | Manufacture of pistons |
| DE3441713A1 (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1986-05-22 | Mahle Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Trunk piston for internal-combustion engines |
| JPH02149639A (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1990-06-08 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Method for locally softening cast article |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 14, no. 397 (C - 0752) 28 August 1990 (1990-08-28) * |
| W. HUFNAGEL: "ALUMINIUM-TASCHENBUCH", 1986, ALUMINIUM VERLAG, DUESSELDORF, DE * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1020540A1 (en) * | 1999-01-16 | 2000-07-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing aluminium alloy castings |
| DE19914090A1 (en) * | 1999-03-27 | 2000-04-27 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Function carrier used for vehicle chassis made of aluminum diecasting alloy is heat treated section-wise and cooled with air |
| EP1287925A3 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2004-04-28 | Audi Ag | A process for the forming of metal alloy wheel rims |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4304134C1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
| ATE142711T1 (en) | 1996-09-15 |
| EP0611832B1 (en) | 1996-09-11 |
| ES2092841T3 (en) | 1996-12-01 |
| DE59400610D1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
| DK0611832T3 (en) | 1996-12-09 |
| GR3021129T3 (en) | 1996-12-31 |
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