EP0607891B1 - Device for shrinking, stretching, drying, finishing, dyeing, feeding or or the like a moving textile material as band or yarn - Google Patents
Device for shrinking, stretching, drying, finishing, dyeing, feeding or or the like a moving textile material as band or yarn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0607891B1 EP0607891B1 EP19940100558 EP94100558A EP0607891B1 EP 0607891 B1 EP0607891 B1 EP 0607891B1 EP 19940100558 EP19940100558 EP 19940100558 EP 94100558 A EP94100558 A EP 94100558A EP 0607891 B1 EP0607891 B1 EP 0607891B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- roller sections
- sections
- treated
- textile material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
- D06B23/02—Rollers
- D06B23/023—Guiding rollers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
- D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
- D06B3/12—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics in zig-zag manner over series of guiding means
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
- D06C7/02—Setting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for shrinking, stretching, drying, finishing, dyeing, feeding or the like. From running textile goods, such as belts, threads or the like, consisting of two spaced-apart, rotatable deflection rollers, via which the material to be treated Textile is guided in turns.
- running textile goods such as belts, threads or the like, consisting of two spaced-apart, rotatable deflection rollers, via which the material to be treated Textile is guided in turns.
- Textile can change its length during a treatment. It is therefore known, for example, to use rods to change the outer circumference of deflection rollers in accordance with the change in length of the textile material during the treatment process, so that the textile material is guided securely in the treatment room.
- a device for automatically compensating for the change in length of a textile material during a treatment process by means of comical clouds is known from US Pat. No. 2,753,706.
- the object of the invention is to propose a device of the type mentioned, which automatically adapts to the change in length of the textile material to be treated.
- At least one deflecting roller has a driven axis, on which a plurality of individual, adjacent roller sections is freely rotatable.
- the drive speed of the axis is advantageously adjustable such that the peripheral speed, based on the outer diameter of the roller sections, is approximately equal to the transport speed of the textile material to be treated.
- roller sections are preferably cylindrical in shape with the same outside diameter.
- roller sections are frustoconical, the edge sections of adjacent roller sections having the same outside diameter.
- roller sections are preferably arranged with ball bearings on the driven axis.
- roller sections advantageously have a width in the axial direction which corresponds approximately to three times the width of the textile material to be treated.
- the axis inclination of at least one deflecting roller can advantageously be changed in relation to the other deflecting roller.
- a plurality of roller pairs with freely rotatable roller sections are arranged at a distance from one another, via which a plurality of textile goods to be treated can be guided next to one another.
- the device according to the invention consists of a rotatable drying cylinder 1 with a large diameter and a deflection roller 2 arranged at a distance therefrom, via which a belt 3 to be treated is guided in a helical manner in a plurality of turns.
- this deflecting roller has an axis 6 driven by a drive motor 4 via a universal joint 5.
- the axis 6 is, as shown by the double arrow 7, in its axial inclination to the axis of the drying cylinder 1 adjustable from the parallel position.
- roller sections 8 have a width in the axial direction which corresponds approximately to three times the width of the belt 3 to be treated, only one loop of the belt to be treated being guided over each roller section 8, as the figures show.
- the axis 6 is driven by the drive motor 4 at such a speed that the circumferential speed based on the outer diameter of the roller sections 8 is approximately equal to the transport speed of the belt 3 to be treated. If no belt is arranged on the deflection roller 2, but the axis 6 is driven, the roller sections 8 are rotated due to the friction in the ball bearings 9, the deflection rollers having the same speed as the driven axis in the state of equilibrium.
- the roller sections 8 move in accordance with the speed of the respective section of the belt. Due to the driven axle 6, the friction between the axle and the roller sections 8 is eliminated, so that the individual sections of the belt 3 only have to exert very small forces in order to move the roller sections 8 accordingly. Sliding or sliding of the belt sections of the belt 3 on the roller sections does not occur, so that the belt is not damaged. In addition, the belt 3 requires very little force to move the roller sections 8, since the friction between the roller sections 8 and the axis 6 is canceled by the drive 4. The friction between axis 6 and roller sections 8 can be adjusted by the choice of the bearings 9.
- a deflecting roller 2 is assigned to a drying cylinder 1, which carries frustoconical roller sections 10, the edge portions of adjacent roller sections having the same outside diameter, so that the frustoconical roller sections 10 merge flush with one another.
- two deflecting rollers 2 are arranged at a distance from one another, the axes 6 of which are driven by a drive motor 4, a universal joint 5 and a common drive 11.
- Cylindrical roller sections 8 with the same diameter are arranged on the axes 6. It is also possible to provide one or both deflecting rollers 2 with frustoconical roller sections. Since the friction between the axles and the roller sections 8 is eliminated by the driven axles 6, a belt guided in a helical manner over the deflection rollers 2 can be moved with very little forces.
- a plurality of deflecting rollers 2 arranged one behind the other and one above the other are provided with axes 6 driven by a common drive and individual roller sections.
- axes 6 driven by a common drive and individual roller sections.
- FIG. 5 shows a device corresponding to the device according to FIG. 3 with two deflecting rollers 2 with driven axes 6, over the roller sections 8 of which a thread 12 is guided which is fed to a textile machine.
- the upper deflection roller 2 can be changed in its inclination with respect to the lower deflection roller 2.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Krumpfen, Recken, Trocknen, Appretieren, Färben, Zuführen od. dgl. von laufendem Textilgut, wie Bändern, Fäden od. dgl., bestehend aus zwei im Abstand zueinander angeordneten, drehbaren Umlenkwalzen, über die das zu behandelnde Textilgut in Windungen geführt ist.The invention relates to a device for shrinking, stretching, drying, finishing, dyeing, feeding or the like. From running textile goods, such as belts, threads or the like, consisting of two spaced-apart, rotatable deflection rollers, via which the material to be treated Textile is guided in turns.
Textilgut kann während einer Behandlung seine Länge verändern. Es ist daher beispielsweise bekannt, mit Hilfe von Gestängen den Außenumfang von Umlenkwalzen entsprechend der Längenänderung des Textilguts während des Behandlungsvorganges zu verändern, damit eine sichere Führung des Textilguts im Behandlungsraum gegeben ist.Textile can change its length during a treatment. It is therefore known, for example, to use rods to change the outer circumference of deflection rollers in accordance with the change in length of the textile material during the treatment process, so that the textile material is guided securely in the treatment room.
Diese bekannten verstellbaren Umlenkwalzen sind sehr aufwendig herzustellen und während des Betriebes nur ungenau einzustellen. Außerdem ist eine ständige überwachung notwendig.These known adjustable deflection rollers are very complex to manufacture and can only be set inaccurately during operation. Constant monitoring is also necessary.
Eine Vorrichtung, um automatisch die Längenänderung eines Textilgutes während eines Behandlungsvorganges durch komischen Wolzen zu Kompensieren, ist aus der US-A-2 753 706 bekannt.A device for automatically compensating for the change in length of a textile material during a treatment process by means of comical clouds is known from US Pat. No. 2,753,706.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art vorzuschlagen, die sich selbsttätig an die Längenänderung des zu behandelnden Textilguts anpaßt.The object of the invention is to propose a device of the type mentioned, which automatically adapts to the change in length of the textile material to be treated.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß mindestens eine Umlenkwalze eine angetriebene Achse hat, auf der mehrere einzelne, einander benachbarte Walzenabschnitte frei drehbar angeordnet ist.This object is achieved in that at least one deflecting roller has a driven axis, on which a plurality of individual, adjacent roller sections is freely rotatable.
Vorteilhaft ist die Antriebsdrehzahl der Achse derart einstellbar, daß die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit bezogen auf den Außendurchmesser der Walzenabschnitte etwa gleich der Transportgeschwindigkeit des zu behandelnden Textilguts ist.The drive speed of the axis is advantageously adjustable such that the peripheral speed, based on the outer diameter of the roller sections, is approximately equal to the transport speed of the textile material to be treated.
Vorzugsweise sind die Walzenabschnitte zylinderförmig mit gleichem Außendurchmesser ausgebildet.The roller sections are preferably cylindrical in shape with the same outside diameter.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind die Walzenabschnitte kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet, wobei die Randabschnitte benachbarter Walzenabschnitte gleichen Außendurchmesser haben.In a further advantageous embodiment, the roller sections are frustoconical, the edge sections of adjacent roller sections having the same outside diameter.
Vorzugsweise sind die Walzenabschnitte kugelgelagert auf der angetriebenen Achse angeordnet.The roller sections are preferably arranged with ball bearings on the driven axis.
Die Walzenabschnitte haben vorteilhaft in Achsrichtung eine Breite, die etwa der dreifachen Breite des zu behandelnden Textilguts entspricht.The roller sections advantageously have a width in the axial direction which corresponds approximately to three times the width of the textile material to be treated.
Vorteilhaft ist die Achsneigung mindestens einer Umlenkwalze in bezug zur anderen Umlenkwalze veränderbar.The axis inclination of at least one deflecting roller can advantageously be changed in relation to the other deflecting roller.
Bei einer vorteilhaften weiteren Ausführungsform sind mehrere Walzenpaare mit frei drehbaren Walzenabschnitten im Abstand hintereinander angeordnet, über die mehrere zu behandelnde Textilgüter nebeneinander verlaufend führbar sind.In an advantageous further embodiment, a plurality of roller pairs with freely rotatable roller sections are arranged at a distance from one another, via which a plurality of textile goods to be treated can be guided next to one another.
Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung beispielhaft dargestellt. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Vorrichtung mit einer zylindrischen Umlenkwalze und einem Trockenzylinder in Seitenansicht,
- Fig. 2
- eine Vorrichtung mit einer kegelstumpfförmigen Umlenkwalze und einem Trockenzylinder in Seitenansicht,
- Fig. 3
- zwei zylinderförmige Umlenkwalzen in Seitenansicht,
- Fig. 4
- eine Vorrichtung mit mehreren im Abstand hintereinander angeordneten Walzenpaaren mit frei drehbaren Walzenabschnitten und
- Fig. 5
- eine Vorrichtung zur Zuführung eines Fadens zu einer Textilmaschine mit zwei übereinander angeordneten Umlenkwalzen.
- Fig. 1
- a device with a cylindrical deflecting roller and a drying cylinder in side view,
- Fig. 2
- a device with a frustoconical deflection roller and a drying cylinder in side view,
- Fig. 3
- two cylindrical deflection rollers in side view,
- Fig. 4
- a device with a plurality of roller pairs arranged one behind the other with freely rotatable roller sections and
- Fig. 5
- a device for feeding a thread to a textile machine with two deflecting rollers arranged one above the other.
Nach Fig. 1 besteht die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung aus einem drehbaren Trockenzylinder 1 mit großem Durchmesser und einer im Abstand dazu angeordneten Umlenkwalze 2, über die ein zu behandelndes Band 3 in einer Vielzahl von Windungen schraubenlinienförmig geführt ist.According to FIG. 1, the device according to the invention consists of a rotatable drying cylinder 1 with a large diameter and a
Wie die in Fig. 1 im Schnitt dargestellte Umlenkwalze 2 zeigt, hat diese Umlenkwalze eine durch einen Antriebsmotor 4 über eine Kardangelenk 5 angetriebene Achse 6. Die Achse 6 ist, wie dies der mit 7 bezeichnete Doppelpfeil zeigt, in ihrer Achsneigung zur Achse des Trockenzylinders 1 aus der parallelen Stellung verstellbar.As the
Wie die Fig. 1 weiter zeigt, sind auf der Achse 6 im Abstand nebeneinander eine Vielzahl von einzelnen, einander benachbarten zylindrischen Walzenabschnitten 8 mit gleichem Außendurchmesser mit Hilfe von Kugellagern 9 frei drehbar angeordnet.As further shown in FIG. 1, a large number of individual, adjacent
Die Walzenabschnitte 8 haben in Achsrichtung eine Breite, die etwa der dreifachen Breite des zu behandelnden Bandes 3 entspricht, wobei über jeden Walzenabschnitt 8 jeweils nur eine Schlaufe des zu behandelnden Bandes geführt ist, wie dies die Figuren zeigen.The
Die Achse 6 wird von dem Antriebsmotor 4 mit einer derartigen Drehzahl angetrieben, daß die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit bezogen auf den Außendurchmesser der Walzenabschnitte 8 etwa gleich der Transportgeschwindigkeit des zu behandelnden Bandes 3 ist. Ist kein Band auf der Umlenkwalze 2 angeordnet, jedoch die Achse 6 angetrieben, so werden die Walzenabschnitte 8 auf Grund der Reibung in den Kugellagern 9 in Drehung versetzt, wobei im Gleichgewichtszustand die Umlenkwalzen die gleiche Drehzahl wie die angetriebene Achse haben.The
Ist ein zu behandelndes Band 3 um die Umlenkwalze 2 gelegt, so bewegen sich die Walzenabschnitte 8 entsprechend der Geschwindigkeit des jeweiligen Abschnittes des Bandes. Durch die angetriebene Achse 6 wird die Reibung zwischen Achse und Walzenabschnitten 8 aufgehoben, so daß die einzelnen Abschnitte des Bandes 3 nur ganz geringe Kräfte aufbringen müssen, um die Walzenabschnitte 8 entsprechend zu bewegen. Ein Gleiten oder Rutschen der Bandabschnitte des Bandes 3 auf den Walzenabschnitten tritt nicht auf, so daß keine Beschädigungen des Bandes erfolgen. Außerdem benötigt das Band 3 nur eine ganz geringe Kraft zur Bewegung der Walzenabschnitte 8, da die Reibung zwischen den Walzenabschnitten 8 und der Achse 6 durch den Antrieb 4 aufgehoben wird. Durch die Wahl der Lager 9 ist die Reibung zwischen Achse 6 und Walzenabschnitten 8 anpaßbar.If a
Bei der Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung nach der Fig. 2 ist einem Trockenzylinder 1 eine Umlenkwalze 2 zugeordnet, die kegelstumpfförmige Walzenabschnitte 10 trägt, wobei die Randabschnitte benachbarter Walzenabschnitte gleichen Außendurchmeser haben, so daß die kegelstumpfförmigen Walzenabschnitte 10 flächenbündig ineinander übergehen.In the embodiment of a device according to FIG. 2, a
Bei der Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung nach Fig. 3 sind zwei Umlenkwalzen 2 im Abstand zueinander angeordnet, deren Achsen 6 über einen Antriebsmotor 4, ein Kardangelenk 5 und einen gemeinsamen Antrieb 11 angetrieben sind. Auf den Achsen 6 sind zylinderförmige Walzenabschnitte 8 mit gleichem Durchmesser angeordnet. Es ist auch möglich, eine oder beide Umlenkwalzen 2 mit kegelstumpfförmigen Walzenabschnitten zu versehen. Da durch die angetriebenen Achsen 6 die Reibung zwischen den Achsen und den Walzenabschnitten 8 aufgehoben wird, kann ein über die Umlenkwalzen 2 schraubenlinienförmig geführtes Band mit ganz geringen Kräften bewegt werden.In the embodiment of a device according to FIG. 3, two
Bei der Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung nach Fig. 4 ist eine Vielzahl von hintereinander und übereinander angeordneten Umlenkwalzen 2 mit über einen gemeinsamen Antrieb angetriebenen Achsen 6 und einzelnen Walzenabschnitten vorgesehen. Bei dieser Vorrichtung ist es möglich, mehrere Bänder nebeneinander verlaufend abwechselnd über die Walzenabschnitte zu führen, wie dies mit einem Band 3 beispielhaft gezeigt ist.In the embodiment of a device according to FIG. 4, a plurality of deflecting
Die Fig. 5 zeigt eine der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 3 entsprechende Vorrichtung mit zwei Umlenkwalzen 2 mit angetriebenen Achsen 6, über deren Walzenabschnitte 8 ein Faden 12 geführt ist, der einer Textilmaschine zugeführt wird. Wie der Doppelpfeil 7 anzeigt, ist die obere Umlenkwalze 2 in ihrer Neigung in bezug zur unteren Umlenkwalze 2 veränderbar.FIG. 5 shows a device corresponding to the device according to FIG. 3 with two
Claims (8)
- Device for shrinking, stretching, drying, dressing, dyeing, feeding or the like of moving textile material, such as bands, threads or the like, comprising two rotary diverting rollers arranged at a distance from each other over which textile material to be treated is guided in windings, characterized in that at least one diverting roller (2) has a driven axle (66) on which a plurality of individual adjacent roller sections (8, 10) are arranged so as to be freely rotatable.
- Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the drive torque of the axle (6) can be set in such a manner that the peripheral speed relative to the outside diameter of the roller sections (8, 10) virtually equals the transport speed of the textile goods (3) to be treated.
- Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the roller sections (8) are cylindrical with identical outside diameter.
- Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the roller sections (10) are truncated, and the edge sections of adjacent roller sections have the same outside diameter.
- Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the roller sections (8, 10) are mounted by ballbearings on the driven axle (6).
- Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the roller sections (8, 10) have a width in the axial direction which corresponds with approximately three times the width of the textile material (3) to be treated.
- Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the axial tilt of at least one diverting roller (2) relative to the other diverting roller is adjustable.
- Device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of roller pairs (2) with freely rotatable roller sections (8) are arranged at a distance one behind the other, over which a plurality of textile goods (3) to be treated can be guided alongside each other.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4301529 | 1993-01-21 | ||
| DE19934301529 DE4301529C1 (en) | 1993-01-21 | 1993-01-21 | Textile finishing machinery - has free running rollers on driven shaft to transport textile material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0607891A1 EP0607891A1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| EP0607891B1 true EP0607891B1 (en) | 1996-11-27 |
Family
ID=6478627
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19940100558 Expired - Lifetime EP0607891B1 (en) | 1993-01-21 | 1994-01-17 | Device for shrinking, stretching, drying, finishing, dyeing, feeding or or the like a moving textile material as band or yarn |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0607891B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1070947C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4301529C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2096348T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK33497A (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19523621C2 (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1998-11-05 | Stang Hans Peter | Device for treating, dyeing, finishing, washing or the like of running, narrow textile belts |
| CN1088773C (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 2002-08-07 | 菊地布帛技术株式会社 | Band-like cloth processing appts. |
| DE19860424C1 (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-03-16 | Mageba Textilmaschinen Gmbh & | Steamer for processing fabric belts or ribbons has paired deflection rollers rotating in opposite directions for the fabric to follow a figure-of-eight path to give equal treatment to both sides |
| WO2002052078A1 (en) * | 2000-12-23 | 2002-07-04 | Barmag Ag | Galette unit and device for stretching a thread |
| DE102011000010A1 (en) * | 2011-01-03 | 2012-07-05 | Mageba Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Belt treatment device and method for thermosetting and stretching ribbons |
| CN103422270B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2018-01-19 | 泰安鲁普耐特塑料有限公司 | A kind of dip coating apparatus for elongated smallware |
| JP6630131B2 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2020-01-15 | 株式会社クラレ | Wins dyeing apparatus and wins dyeing method |
| CN108930118B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-12-08 | 阿斯福特纺织（漳州）有限公司 | Efficient desizing printing and dyeing process |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB448774A (en) * | 1934-09-11 | 1936-06-11 | Lustrafil Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the treatment of artificial silk or other textile filaments |
| US2753706A (en) * | 1953-01-28 | 1956-07-10 | Proctor & Schwartz Inc | Compensating rolls for handling continuous lengths of materials in the form of strand, ropes, and the like |
| NL282184A (en) * | 1962-01-26 | |||
| US3218833A (en) * | 1963-01-09 | 1965-11-23 | Henry F Booth | Dyeing apparatus |
| US4042662A (en) * | 1970-05-13 | 1977-08-16 | Akzona Incorporated | Continuous melt spinning and drawing of nylon 6 yarn, while reducing the liveliness of the yarn |
| US3905059A (en) * | 1972-10-04 | 1975-09-16 | United Merchants & Mfg | Method for fluid treatment of textile fabric in rope form |
| JPS59216943A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1984-12-07 | ワイケイケイ株式会社 | Method and apparatus for heat treating heat shrinkable tape-like article |
-
1993
- 1993-01-21 DE DE19934301529 patent/DE4301529C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-01-17 EP EP19940100558 patent/EP0607891B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-17 ES ES94100558T patent/ES2096348T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-20 CN CN94100525A patent/CN1070947C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-03-20 HK HK33497A patent/HK33497A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1070947C (en) | 2001-09-12 |
| DE4301529C1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
| HK33497A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
| ES2096348T3 (en) | 1997-03-01 |
| EP0607891A1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| CN1108323A (en) | 1995-09-13 |
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