EP0603447B1 - Fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0603447B1
EP0603447B1 EP92811011A EP92811011A EP0603447B1 EP 0603447 B1 EP0603447 B1 EP 0603447B1 EP 92811011 A EP92811011 A EP 92811011A EP 92811011 A EP92811011 A EP 92811011A EP 0603447 B1 EP0603447 B1 EP 0603447B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
delivery
slider
slide
control edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92811011A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0603447A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Heim
Ulrich Staiger
Patrick Genier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
Original Assignee
Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP92811011A priority Critical patent/EP0603447B1/en
Application filed by Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG filed Critical Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
Priority to DK92811011.3T priority patent/DK0603447T3/en
Priority to DE59208200T priority patent/DE59208200D1/en
Priority to KR1019930027722A priority patent/KR100322805B1/en
Priority to FI935642A priority patent/FI105231B/en
Priority to CN93112760A priority patent/CN1033101C/en
Priority to JP5322837A priority patent/JPH06235361A/en
Publication of EP0603447A1 publication Critical patent/EP0603447A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0603447B1 publication Critical patent/EP0603447B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/24Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing with constant-length-stroke pistons having variable effective portion of stroke

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection pump for reciprocating piston internal combustion engines with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a pump of this type is known from US Pat. No. Re 32,965.
  • the first control edge for influencing the start of delivery is also arranged obliquely to the direction of movement of the piston. This means that each time the delivery rate is adjusted, the start of injection is inevitably changed by turning the slide around its axis, ie the delivery rate cannot be adjusted without simultaneously influencing the start of delivery. An optimal adaptation of the fuel injection to the needs of the internal combustion engine at different operating points is therefore not possible in a simple manner.
  • the first control edge is above the second control edge and both control edges limit a window-like opening in the slide.
  • Each control edge is assigned a transverse channel in the form of a hole.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the injection pump mentioned at the outset such that adjusting the delivery rate has no influence on the start of delivery, which in turn is adjustable independently of the delivery rate adjustment, and that the overall length of the pump is reduced in the direction of the piston.
  • the start of delivery remains unaffected when the delivery rate is adjusted by rotating the slide or the piston.
  • the start of delivery is adjusted by axially adjusting the slide, which is independent of the delivery rate.
  • This makes it possible in a simple manner to optimally adapt the fuel injection to the respective needs of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine at different operating points, ie between 0 and 100% load.
  • the second control edge between the first control edge and the Conveying space is located, the cross channel is covered during the conveying phase by the slide wall located between the control edges, which is seen only once in the axial direction of the slide.
  • the slide is therefore measured shorter than the known slide. This also affects the size of the injection pump, which is smaller and more compact than the known one.
  • the fuel injection pump has a housing 1 which, with its upper part in FIG. 1, forms a pump cylinder 2 in which a piston 3 is guided so that it can move up and down.
  • a delivery chamber 4 to which a pressure line 5 connects upwards in FIG. 1, which leads to a schematically illustrated injection nozzle 6, which is inserted in a cylinder cover, not shown, of a diesel-type reciprocating internal combustion engine and with its lower end in the combustion chamber of the working cylinder of this machine protrudes.
  • the piston 3 extends downwards in FIG Suction chamber 7 and then through the lower part of the housing 1.
  • the lower end of the piston 3, not shown, is supported in a known manner via a roller on a drive cam of a camshaft.
  • a source (not shown) for diesel fuel is connected to the suction chamber 7 via at least one channel 8 (arrow A).
  • a sleeve-like slide 9, which can slide on the piston 3, is arranged on the piston 3 within the suction space 7.
  • the slide 1 On its lower end face in FIG. 1, the slide 1 has a first control edge 10 which extends at right angles to the direction of movement of the piston 3 (double arrow B).
  • a second control edge 11 At the upper end of the slide 9 in FIG. 1, a second control edge 11 is provided, which extends obliquely to the direction of movement of the piston 3.
  • the control edges 10 and 11 cooperate with a transverse channel 12 in the form of an elongated hole which begins in the center of the piston 3 and extends radially outwards into the circumferential surface of the piston 3.
  • the transverse channel 12 communicates with an axial channel 13 in the center of the piston 3.
  • the channel 13 extends from the end face 3 'of the piston 3 which contacts the delivery chamber 4 and thus connects the suction chamber 3 to the delivery chamber 4 via the transverse channel 12.
  • a shaft 14 is mounted in the housing 1, which projects with one end into the suction chamber 7 and has an eccentric pin 15 at this end.
  • the pin 15 protrudes into an annular groove 16 of the slide 9, which runs parallel to the first control edge 10.
  • a pin 19 is fastened in the housing 1 and protrudes into an axial groove 19 'in the slide.
  • a rack 17 is mounted in the housing 1, which cooperates with a ring gear 18, the is rotatably arranged on the piston 3, but allows the axial movement of the piston 3.
  • the rack 17 By moving the rack 17 back and forth in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1, the ring gear 18 and thus the piston 3 can be adjusted about its axis 20.
  • the injection pump described functions as follows: In the position shown in FIG. 1, the suction chamber 7 is connected to the delivery chamber 4 via the transverse channel 12 and the axial channel 13 and the latter is filled with fuel.
  • the piston 3 is moved upward from the aforementioned cam, not shown.
  • the delivery phase of the piston 3 begins, since the mouth of the transverse channel 12 is completely covered by the slide 9.
  • the fuel is displaced via the pressure line 5 to the injection nozzle 6, which opens when the injection pressure is reached and allows the fuel to enter the combustion chamber.
  • the delivery phase of the piston 3 ends when the upper boundary 12 ′′ of the transverse channel 12 passes the second control edge 11 of the slide 9.
  • the start of conveyance can now be changed by moving the slide 9 slightly up or down when the shaft 14 of the pin 15 rotates, so that the relative position of the transverse channel 12 to the control edges 10 and 11 is changed.
  • An adjustment of the slide 9 in the downward direction results in an earlier start of delivery and thus the start of injection and vice versa an adjustment upward means a later start of delivery.
  • the delivery rate can also be adjusted with the injection pump by rotating the toothed ring 18 and thus the piston 3 by means of the toothed rack 17, so that the transverse channel 12 in FIG right or left.
  • a shift to the right causes a reduction in the delivery rate because the transverse channel 12 passes the axial distance between the control edges 10 and 11 more quickly, ie the start and end of delivery are closer to each other.
  • the delivery rate is increased because the piston 3 takes a longer time until the cross channel has passed the axial distance between the control edges 10 and 11; Funding start and funding end are further apart.
  • the housing 21 in turn contains a delivery chamber 24 and guides the piston 23 with its cylinder 22.
  • a slide 29 which carries at its lower end a ring gear 48 which has a toothed rack, not shown is engaged. With the help of the ring gear 48, the slide 29 can be adjusted about the axis 40 of the piston 23.
  • the control edges of the slide 29 are designated 30 and 31.
  • a ring 49 is provided which surrounds the piston 23 and which bears with its upper end face in FIG. 2 on the lower end face of the slide 29 and is provided with an inclined sliding surface 50 at its lower end in FIG. 2 .
  • the sliding surface 50 extends approximately over half the circumference of the ring 49 and is supported on a pin-shaped stop 51 which is fastened in the housing 21.
  • the ring 49 also carries a ring gear 52 which meshes with a rack, not shown.
  • FIG. 2 further shows, the slide 29 and the ring 49 are pressed downward against the stop 51 by a coil spring 53.
  • the spring is supported on the one hand at the lower end of the cylinder 22 and on the other hand at the upper end of the slide 29.
  • two transverse channels 62 and 63 are provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, which are axially spaced from one another and which also extend across the entire piston 23.
  • the slide 29 has a symmetrical structure in that two first control edges 30 and two second control edges 31 are present.
  • the control edges 30 each form the upper boundary of a window-like recess, which could also be open at the bottom.
  • the symmetrical arrangement of the control edges in pairs together with the continuous transverse channels 62 and 63 results in a uniform pressurization on the slide 29.
  • the injection pump according to FIGS. 2 and 3 functions as follows: In the position of the piston 23 shown in FIG. 2, the delivery chamber 24 is connected to the suction chamber 27 via the axial channel 33 and the transverse channels 62 and 63, so that the delivery chamber 24 is filled with fuel under suction chamber pressure.
  • the delivery phase begins when the lower boundary of the lower transverse channel 62 has passed the first control edge 30 (FIG. 4 a).
  • the conveying phase lasts until the upper limit of the upper transverse channel 63 has passed the second control edge 31 (FIG. 4b), because there is now a connection again between the conveying chamber 24 and the suction chamber 27.
  • the start of delivery can be adjusted, since the inclined surface 50 sliding on the stop 51 adjusts the ring 49 and thus the slide 29 in the axial direction.
  • the delivery rate can also be adjusted by changing the position of the second control edge 31 relative to the transverse channels 62 and 63 by rotating the slide 29 with the aid of the ring gear 48. 4c shows the position of the slide 29 relative to the piston 23 when the injection pump is to deliver the maximum amount of fuel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Brennstoffeinspritzpumpe für Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschinen mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injection pump for reciprocating piston internal combustion engines with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Eine Pumpe dieser Art ist aus der US-PS Re 32 965 bekannt. In dieser Pumpe ist auch die erste Steuerkante zum Beeinflussen des Förderbeginns schräg zur Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens angeordnet. Dies bedeutet, dass bei jeder Verstellung der Fördermenge durch Drehen des Schiebers um seine Achse zwangsläufig auch der Einspritzbeginn verändert wird, d.h. ein Verstellen der Fördermenge ohne gleichzeitige Beeinflussung des Förderbeginns ist nicht möglich. Eine optimale Anpassung der Brennstoffeinspritzung an die Bedürfnisse der Brennkraftmaschine in unterschiedlichen Betriebspunkten ist damit auf einfache Weise nicht möglich. Ausserdem befindet sich bei der bekannten Pumpe - bei obenliegendem Förderraum - die erste Steuerkante oberhalb der zweiten Steuerkante und beide Steuerkanten begrenzen eine fensterartige Durchbrechung im Schieber. Dabei ist jeder Steuerkante ein Querkanal in Form einer Bohrung zugeordnet. Während der Förderphase wird die der ersten Steuerkante zugeordnete Bohrung von der oberhalb der Steuerkante befindlichen Schieberwand überdeckt; entsprechend wird die der zweiten Steuerkante zugeordnete Bohrung von der unterhalb dieser Kante befindlichen Schieberwand überdeckt. Durch diese Konstruktion ergibt sich für den Schieber, in Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens gesehen, eine grosse Länge, die sich auch auf die Bauhöhe der Pumpe vergrössernd auswirkt. Schliesslich müssen wegen der fensterartigen Durchbrechung im Schieber immer zwei Querbohrungen vorhanden sein, die nicht zu einem einzigen Querkanal vereinigt werden können.A pump of this type is known from US Pat. No. Re 32,965. In this pump, the first control edge for influencing the start of delivery is also arranged obliquely to the direction of movement of the piston. This means that each time the delivery rate is adjusted, the start of injection is inevitably changed by turning the slide around its axis, ie the delivery rate cannot be adjusted without simultaneously influencing the start of delivery. An optimal adaptation of the fuel injection to the needs of the internal combustion engine at different operating points is therefore not possible in a simple manner. In addition, in the known pump - with the delivery chamber located at the top - the first control edge is above the second control edge and both control edges limit a window-like opening in the slide. Each control edge is assigned a transverse channel in the form of a hole. During the funding phase, the first Control edge assigned bore covered by the slide wall located above the control edge; the bore assigned to the second control edge is correspondingly covered by the slide wall located below this edge. This construction results in a large length for the slide, seen in the direction of movement of the piston, which also increases the overall height of the pump. Finally, because of the window-like opening in the slide, there must always be two cross holes that cannot be combined into a single cross channel.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die eingangs genannte Einspritzpumpe dahingehend zu verbessern, dass ein Verstellen der Fördermenge ohne Einfluss auf den Förderbeginn bleibt, der seinerseits unabhängig vom Verstellen der Fördermenge verstellbar ist, und dass die Baulänge der Pumpe in Richtung des Kolbens verkleinert wird.The object of the invention is to improve the injection pump mentioned at the outset such that adjusting the delivery rate has no influence on the start of delivery, which in turn is adjustable independently of the delivery rate adjustment, and that the overall length of the pump is reduced in the direction of the piston.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Merkmale des Kennzeichens des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Dadurch dass die erste Steuerkante, die den Förderbeginn beeinflusst, rechtwinklig zur Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens angeordnet ist, bleibt bei einem Verstellen der Fördermenge durch Drehen des Schiebers oder des Kolbens der Förderbeginn unbeeinflusst. Das Verstellen des Förderbeginns geschieht durch axiales Verstellen des Schiebers, was unabhängig vom Verstellen der Fördermenge erfolgt. Damit ist es auf einfache Weise möglich, die Brennstoffeinspritzung optimal an die jeweiligen Bedürfnisse der Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine in unterschiedlichen Betriebspunkten, d.h. zwischen 0 und 100 % Last anzupassen. Dadurch dass sich die zweite Steuerkante zwischen der ersten Steuerkante und dem Förderraum befindet, wird der Querkanal während der Förderphase von der zwischen den Steuerkanten befindlichen Schieberwand überdeckt, die also in axialer Richtung des Schiebers gesehen nur einmal vorhanden ist. Der Schieber ist deshalb kürzer gemessen als der bekannte Schieber. Dies wirkt sich auch auf die Grösse der Einspritzpumpe aus, die damit kleiner und kompakter ist als die Bekannte. Schliesslich ist es möglich, bei der neuen Einspritzpumpe nur einen Querkanal vorzusehen, der dann mit beiden Steuerkanten zusammenwirkt.Because the first control edge, which influences the start of delivery, is arranged at right angles to the direction of movement of the piston, the start of delivery remains unaffected when the delivery rate is adjusted by rotating the slide or the piston. The start of delivery is adjusted by axially adjusting the slide, which is independent of the delivery rate. This makes it possible in a simple manner to optimally adapt the fuel injection to the respective needs of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine at different operating points, ie between 0 and 100% load. Characterized in that the second control edge between the first control edge and the Conveying space is located, the cross channel is covered during the conveying phase by the slide wall located between the control edges, which is seen only once in the axial direction of the slide. The slide is therefore measured shorter than the known slide. This also affects the size of the injection pump, which is smaller and more compact than the known one. Finally, it is possible to provide only one transverse channel in the new injection pump, which then interacts with both control edges.

Einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden in der folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
schematisch vereinfacht einen Längsschnitt durch eine Brennstoffeinspritzpumpe nach der Erfindung,
Fig.2
ebenfalls einen Längsschnitt durch eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform einer Brennstoffeinspritzpumpe,
Fig.3
eine perspektivische Ansicht des in der Pumpe gemäss Fig.2 verwendeten Schiebers und
Fig.4a bis 4d
vier verschiedene Betriebsstellungen des Schiebers.
Some embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
schematically simplified a longitudinal section through a fuel injection pump according to the invention,
Fig. 2
likewise a longitudinal section through a modified embodiment of a fuel injection pump,
Fig. 3
a perspective view of the slide used in the pump according to Figure 2 and
Fig.4a to 4d
four different operating positions of the slide.

Gemäss Fig.1 weist die Brennstoffeinspritzpumpe ein Gehäuse 1 auf, das mit seinem in Fig.1 oberen Teil einen Pumpenzylinder 2 bildet, in dem ein Kolben 3 auf- und abbeweglich geführt ist. Im Zylinder 2 ist ein Förderraum 4 enthalten, an dem sich in Fig.1 nach oben eine Druckleitung 5 anschliesst, die zu einer schematisch dargestellten Einspritzdüse 6 führt, die in einem nicht dargestellten Zylinderdeckel einer Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine der Dieselbauart eingesetzt ist und mit ihrem unteren Ende in den Brennraum des Arbeitszylinders dieser Maschine ragt. Der Kolben 3 erstreckt sich in Fig.1 nach unten durch einen Saugraum 7 und anschliessend durch den unteren Teil des Gehäuses 1. Das untere nicht dargestellte Ende des Kolbens 3 ist in bekannter Weise über eine Rolle auf einem Antriebsnocken einer Nockenwelle abgestützt. Am Saugraum 7 ist über mindestens einen Kanal 8 eine nicht dargestellte Quelle für Dieselbrennstoff angeschlossen (Pfeil A).According to FIG. 1, the fuel injection pump has a housing 1 which, with its upper part in FIG. 1, forms a pump cylinder 2 in which a piston 3 is guided so that it can move up and down. In the cylinder 2 there is a delivery chamber 4, to which a pressure line 5 connects upwards in FIG. 1, which leads to a schematically illustrated injection nozzle 6, which is inserted in a cylinder cover, not shown, of a diesel-type reciprocating internal combustion engine and with its lower end in the combustion chamber of the working cylinder of this machine protrudes. The piston 3 extends downwards in FIG Suction chamber 7 and then through the lower part of the housing 1. The lower end of the piston 3, not shown, is supported in a known manner via a roller on a drive cam of a camshaft. A source (not shown) for diesel fuel is connected to the suction chamber 7 via at least one channel 8 (arrow A).

Innerhalb des Saugraums 7 ist auf dem Kolben 3 ein hülsenartiger Schieber 9 angeordnet, der auf dem Kolben 3 gleiten kann. An seiner in Fig.1 unteren Stirnfläche weist der Schieber 1 eine erste Steuerkante 10 auf, die sich rechtwinklig zur Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens 3 (Doppelpfeil B) erstreckt. An dem in Fig.1 oberen Ende des Schiebers 9 ist eine zweite Steuerkante 11 vorgesehen, die schräg zur Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens 3 verläuft.A sleeve-like slide 9, which can slide on the piston 3, is arranged on the piston 3 within the suction space 7. On its lower end face in FIG. 1, the slide 1 has a first control edge 10 which extends at right angles to the direction of movement of the piston 3 (double arrow B). At the upper end of the slide 9 in FIG. 1, a second control edge 11 is provided, which extends obliquely to the direction of movement of the piston 3.

Die Steuerkanten 10 und 11 wirken mit einem Querkanal 12 in Form eines Langlochs zusammen, der im Zentrum des Kolbens 3 beginnt und sich radial nach aussen bis in die Umfangsfläche des Kolbens 3 erstreckt. Der Querkanal 12 kommuniziert mit einem axialen Kanal 13 im Zentrum des Kolbens 3. Der Kanal 13 geht von der den Förderraum 4 berührenden Stirnfläche 3' des Kolbens 3 aus und verbindet somit über den Querkanal 12 den Saugraum 3 mit dem Förderraum 4. Zum axialen Verstellen des Schiebers 9 ist im Gehäuse 1 eine Welle 14 gelagert, die mit ihrem einen Ende in den Saugraum 7 ragt und an diesem Ende einen exzentrischen Zapfen 15 aufweist. Der Zapfen 15 ragt in eine Ringnut 16 des Schiebers 9, die parallel zur ersten Steuerkante 10 verläuft. Um beim axialen Verstellen des Schiebers 9 ein Drehen desselben zu vermeiden, ist im Gehäuse 1 ein Stift 19 befestigt, der in eine axiale Nut 19' im Schieber ragt.The control edges 10 and 11 cooperate with a transverse channel 12 in the form of an elongated hole which begins in the center of the piston 3 and extends radially outwards into the circumferential surface of the piston 3. The transverse channel 12 communicates with an axial channel 13 in the center of the piston 3. The channel 13 extends from the end face 3 'of the piston 3 which contacts the delivery chamber 4 and thus connects the suction chamber 3 to the delivery chamber 4 via the transverse channel 12. For axial adjustment the slide 9, a shaft 14 is mounted in the housing 1, which projects with one end into the suction chamber 7 and has an eccentric pin 15 at this end. The pin 15 protrudes into an annular groove 16 of the slide 9, which runs parallel to the first control edge 10. In order to avoid turning the slide 9 axially, a pin 19 is fastened in the housing 1 and protrudes into an axial groove 19 'in the slide.

Unterhalb des Saugraums 7 ist im Gehäuse 1 eine Zahnstange 17 gelagert, die mit einem Zahnkranz 18 zusammenwirkt, der auf dem Kolben 3 drehfest angeordnet ist, die axiale Bewegung des Kolbens 3 jedoch zulässt. Durch Hin- und Herbewegen der Zahnstange 17 in Richtung rechtwinklig zur Zeichenebene der Fig.1 lässt sich der Zahnkranz 18 und damit der Kolben 3 um seine Achse 20 verstellen.Below the suction chamber 7, a rack 17 is mounted in the housing 1, which cooperates with a ring gear 18, the is rotatably arranged on the piston 3, but allows the axial movement of the piston 3. By moving the rack 17 back and forth in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1, the ring gear 18 and thus the piston 3 can be adjusted about its axis 20.

Die beschriebene Einspritzpumpe funktioniert wie folgt: In der in Fig.1 gezeichneten Stellung steht der Saugraum 7 über den Querkanal 12 und den axialen Kanal 13 mit dem Förderraum 4 in Verbindung und dieser ist mit Brennstoff gefüllt. Vom schon erwähnten, nicht gezeichneten Nocken wird der Kolben 3 aufwärts bewegt. Sobald die untere Begrenzung 12' des Querkanals 12 die erste Steuerkante 10 des Schiebers 9 passiert hat, beginnt die Förderphase des Kolbens 3, da die Mündung des Querkanals 12 vom Schieber 9 vollständig überdeckt ist. Der Brennstoff wird über die Druckleitung 5 zur Einspritzdüse 6 verdrängt, die bei Erreichen des Einspritzdruckes öffnet und den Brennstoff in den Brennraum eintreten lässt. Die Förderphase des Kolbens 3 ist in dem Moment beendet, in dem die obere Begrenzung 12'' des Querkanals 12 die zweite Steuerkante 11 des Schiebers 9 passiert. In diesem Moment besteht also wieder eine Verbindung zwischen dem Förderraum 4 und dem Saugraum 7, so dass der Brennstoffdruck im Förderraum 4 fällt. Mit Hilfe der Welle 14 lässt sich nun der Förderbeginn verändern, indem beim Drehen der Welle 14 der Zapfen 15 den Schieber 9 etwas nach oben oder nach unten verschiebt, so dass die relative Lage des Querkanals 12 zu den Steuerkanten 10 und 11 verändert wird. Ein Verstellen des Schiebers 9 in Abwärtsrichtung hat einen früheren Förderbeginn und damit Einspritzbeginn zur Folge und umgekehrt ein Verstellen nach oben einen späteren Förderbeginn. Unabhängig von dieser Verstellmöglichkeit kann mit der Einspritzpumpe auch die Fördermenge verstellt werden, indem mittels der Zahnstange 17 der Zahnkranz 18 und damit der Kolben 3 gedreht wird, so dass sich der Querkanal 12 in Fig.1 nach rechts oder nach links verschiebt. Eine Verschiebung nach rechts bewirkt eine Verringerung der Fördermenge, weil der Querkanal 12 den axialen Abstand zwischen den Steuerkanten 10 und 11 rascher passiert, d.h. Förderbeginn und Förderende liegen näher beieinander. Bei einem Verschieben des Querkanals nach links wird die Fördermenge vergrössert, weil der Kolben 3 eine längere Zeit benötigt, bis der Querkanal den axialen Abstand zwischen den Steuerkanten 10 und 11 durchlaufen hat; Förderbeginn und Förderende sind also weiter auseinander.The injection pump described functions as follows: In the position shown in FIG. 1, the suction chamber 7 is connected to the delivery chamber 4 via the transverse channel 12 and the axial channel 13 and the latter is filled with fuel. The piston 3 is moved upward from the aforementioned cam, not shown. As soon as the lower limit 12 'of the transverse channel 12 has passed the first control edge 10 of the slide 9, the delivery phase of the piston 3 begins, since the mouth of the transverse channel 12 is completely covered by the slide 9. The fuel is displaced via the pressure line 5 to the injection nozzle 6, which opens when the injection pressure is reached and allows the fuel to enter the combustion chamber. The delivery phase of the piston 3 ends when the upper boundary 12 ″ of the transverse channel 12 passes the second control edge 11 of the slide 9. At this moment there is again a connection between the delivery chamber 4 and the suction chamber 7, so that the fuel pressure in the delivery chamber 4 drops. With the help of the shaft 14, the start of conveyance can now be changed by moving the slide 9 slightly up or down when the shaft 14 of the pin 15 rotates, so that the relative position of the transverse channel 12 to the control edges 10 and 11 is changed. An adjustment of the slide 9 in the downward direction results in an earlier start of delivery and thus the start of injection and vice versa an adjustment upward means a later start of delivery. Regardless of this adjustment option, the delivery rate can also be adjusted with the injection pump by rotating the toothed ring 18 and thus the piston 3 by means of the toothed rack 17, so that the transverse channel 12 in FIG right or left. A shift to the right causes a reduction in the delivery rate because the transverse channel 12 passes the axial distance between the control edges 10 and 11 more quickly, ie the start and end of delivery are closer to each other. When the cross channel is shifted to the left, the delivery rate is increased because the piston 3 takes a longer time until the cross channel has passed the axial distance between the control edges 10 and 11; Funding start and funding end are further apart.

Anstatt den Zahnkranz 18 am Pumpenkolben 3 zu montieren, ist es auch möglich, bei entsprechender axialer Verlängerung des Schiebers 9 den Zahnkranz mit dem Schieber 9 drehfest zu verbinden und die Zahnstange 17 entsprechend anzuordnen. Der Stift 19 und die axiale Nut 19' entfallen bei dieser Ausführungsform. Auch in diesem Fall lassen sich dann Förderbeginn und Fördermenge unabhängig voneinander verstellen.Instead of mounting the ring gear 18 on the pump piston 3, it is also possible, with a corresponding axial extension of the slide 9, to connect the ring gear to the slide 9 in a rotationally fixed manner and to arrange the rack 17 accordingly. The pin 19 and the axial groove 19 'are omitted in this embodiment. In this case too, the start of delivery and the amount of funding can be adjusted independently of each other.

Bei der Einspritzpumpe gemäss Fig.2 enthält das Gehäuse 21 wiederum einen Förderraum 24 und führt mit seinem Zylinder 22 den Kolben 23. Im Saugraum 27 ist ein Schieber 29 angeordnet, der an seinem unteren Ende einen Zahnkranz 48 trägt, der mit einer nicht dargestellten Zahnstange in Eingriff steht. Mit Hilfe des Zahnkranzes 48 lässt sich der Schieber 29 um die Achse 40 des Kolbens 23 verstellen. Die Steuerkanten des Schiebers 29 sind mit 30 und 31 bezeichnet. Zum axialen Verstellen des Schiebers 29 ist ein den Kolben 23 umgebender Ring 49 vorgesehen, der mit seiner in Fig.2 oberen Stirnfläche an der unteren Stirnfläche des Schiebers 29 anliegt und an seinem in Fig.2 unteren Ende mit einer schräg verlaufenden Gleitfläche 50 versehen ist. Die Gleitfläche 50 erstreckt sich etwa über den halben Umfang des Ringes 49 und stützt sich auf einen stiftförmigen Anschlag 51 ab, der im Gehäuse 21 befestigt ist.In the injection pump according to FIG. 2, the housing 21 in turn contains a delivery chamber 24 and guides the piston 23 with its cylinder 22. In the suction chamber 27 there is a slide 29 which carries at its lower end a ring gear 48 which has a toothed rack, not shown is engaged. With the help of the ring gear 48, the slide 29 can be adjusted about the axis 40 of the piston 23. The control edges of the slide 29 are designated 30 and 31. For the axial adjustment of the slide 29, a ring 49 is provided which surrounds the piston 23 and which bears with its upper end face in FIG. 2 on the lower end face of the slide 29 and is provided with an inclined sliding surface 50 at its lower end in FIG. 2 . The sliding surface 50 extends approximately over half the circumference of the ring 49 and is supported on a pin-shaped stop 51 which is fastened in the housing 21.

Der Ring 49 trägt ebenfalls einen Zahnkranz 52, der mit einer nicht gezeichneten Zahnstange kämmt.The ring 49 also carries a ring gear 52 which meshes with a rack, not shown.

Wie Fig.2 weiter zeigt, werden der Schieber 29 und der Ring 49 durch eine Schraubenfeder 53 abwärts gegen den Anschlag 51 gedrückt. Die Feder stützt sich einerseits am unteren Ende des Zylinders 22 und andererseits am oberen Ende des Schiebers 29 ab. Anstelle eines Querkanals 12 sind beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Fig.2 zwei Querkanäle 62 und 63 vorgesehen, die einen axialen Abstand voneinander aufweisen und die überdies sich quer durch den ganzen Kolben 23 erstrecken.As FIG. 2 further shows, the slide 29 and the ring 49 are pressed downward against the stop 51 by a coil spring 53. The spring is supported on the one hand at the lower end of the cylinder 22 and on the other hand at the upper end of the slide 29. Instead of a transverse channel 12, two transverse channels 62 and 63 are provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, which are axially spaced from one another and which also extend across the entire piston 23.

Wie Fig.3 deutlicher als Fig.2 erkennen lässt, weist der Schieber 29 symmetrischen Aufbau auf, indem zwei erste Steuerkanten 30 und zwei zweite Steuerkanten 31 vorhanden sind. Die Steuerkanten 30 bilden jeweils die obere Begrenzung einer fensterartigen Aussparung, die nach unten auch offen sein könnte. Durch die paarweise symmetrische Anordnung der Steuerkanten zusammen mit den durchgehenden Querkanälen 62 und 63 ergibt sich eine gleichmässige Druckbeaufschlagung am Schieber 29.As can be seen more clearly in FIG. 3 than in FIG. 2, the slide 29 has a symmetrical structure in that two first control edges 30 and two second control edges 31 are present. The control edges 30 each form the upper boundary of a window-like recess, which could also be open at the bottom. The symmetrical arrangement of the control edges in pairs together with the continuous transverse channels 62 and 63 results in a uniform pressurization on the slide 29.

Die Einspritzpumpe gemäss den Fig.2 und 3 funktioniert wie folgt: In der in Fig.2 gezeichneten Stellung des Kolbens 23 steht der Förderraum 24 über den axialen Kanal 33 und die Querkanäle 62 und 63 mit dem Saugraum 27 in Verbindung, so dass der Förderraum 24 mit Brennstoff unter Saugraumdruck gefüllt ist. Beim Aufwärtsbewegen des Kolbens 23 beginnt die Förderphase, wenn die untere Begrenzung des unteren Querkanals 62 die erste Steuerkante 30 passiert hat (Fig.4a). Die Förderphase dauert solange, bis die obere Begrenzung des oberen Querkanals 63 die zweite Steuerkante 31 passiert hat (Fig.4b), denn jetzt besteht wieder Verbindung zwischen dem Förderraum 24 und dem Saugraum 27. Durch Drehen des Ringes 49 mit Hilfe des Zahnkranzes 52 lässt sich der Förderbeginn verstellen, da die auf dem Anschlag 51 gleitende schräge Fläche 50 den Ring 49 und damit den Schieber 29 in axialer Richtung verstellt. Wie schon im Zusammenhang mit Fig.1 erläutert, wird der Förderbeginn vorverschoben, wenn der Schieber 29 in Fig.2 nach unten verstellt wird und umgekehrt. Unabhängig von dieser Verstellung kann auch die Fördermenge verstellt werden, indem durch Drehen des Schiebers 29 mit Hilfe des Zahnkranzes 48 die Lage der zweiten Steuerkante 31 relativ zu den Querkanälen 62 und 63 verändert wird. In Fig.4c ist die Stellung des Schiebers 29 relativ zum Kolben 23 dargestellt, wenn die Einspritzpumpe die maximale Brennstoffmenge fördern soll. In Fig.4d ist das andere Extrem dargestellt, d.h. die Fördermenge der Einspritzpumpe ist Null, weil der Schieber 29 soweit gedreht ist, dass der kleinste axiale Abstand zwischen den Steuerkanten 30 und 31 kleiner ist als der axiale Abstand zwischen der untersten Begrenzung des Querkanals 62 und der obersten Begrenzung des Querkanals 63. In dieser Schieberstellung wird also die Verbindung zwischen dem Saugraum 27 und dem Förderraum 24 nie unterbrochen.The injection pump according to FIGS. 2 and 3 functions as follows: In the position of the piston 23 shown in FIG. 2, the delivery chamber 24 is connected to the suction chamber 27 via the axial channel 33 and the transverse channels 62 and 63, so that the delivery chamber 24 is filled with fuel under suction chamber pressure. When the piston 23 is moved upwards, the delivery phase begins when the lower boundary of the lower transverse channel 62 has passed the first control edge 30 (FIG. 4 a). The conveying phase lasts until the upper limit of the upper transverse channel 63 has passed the second control edge 31 (FIG. 4b), because there is now a connection again between the conveying chamber 24 and the suction chamber 27. By rotating the ring 49 with the aid of the ring gear 52, the start of delivery can be adjusted, since the inclined surface 50 sliding on the stop 51 adjusts the ring 49 and thus the slide 29 in the axial direction. As already explained in connection with FIG. 1, the start of conveying is advanced when the slide 29 in FIG. 2 is adjusted downward and vice versa. Irrespective of this adjustment, the delivery rate can also be adjusted by changing the position of the second control edge 31 relative to the transverse channels 62 and 63 by rotating the slide 29 with the aid of the ring gear 48. 4c shows the position of the slide 29 relative to the piston 23 when the injection pump is to deliver the maximum amount of fuel. 4d shows the other extreme, that is to say the delivery quantity of the injection pump is zero because the slide 29 is rotated to such an extent that the smallest axial distance between the control edges 30 and 31 is smaller than the axial distance between the lowest limit of the transverse channel 62 and the uppermost limit of the transverse channel 63. In this slide position, the connection between the suction chamber 27 and the delivery chamber 24 is never interrupted.

Abweichend von dem beschriebenen Beispiel nach Fig.2 ist es auch möglich, den Zahnkranz 48 - statt am Schieber 29 - am Kolben 23 anzubringen, wie dies beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Fig.1 dargestellt ist. Weiter ist es möglich, die die erste Steuerkante 30 begrenzenden fensterartigen Aussparungen im Schieber 29 in Fig.3 nach links zu versetzen. Dies kann sich dann als zweckmässig erweisen, wenn der axiale Abstand zwischen der Steuerkante 30 und der Steuerkante 31 am in Fig.3 rechten Ende zu klein würde, so dass keine ausreichende Festigkeit mehr gewährleistet wäre. Im Falle einer Versetzung der fensterartigen Aussparungen müsste dann auch der untere Querkanal 62 entsprechend nach links versetzt werden.In a departure from the example described in FIG. 2, it is also possible to mount the ring gear 48 on the piston 23 instead of on the slide 29, as is shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. Furthermore, it is possible to move the window-like recesses in the slide 29 delimiting the first control edge 30 to the left in FIG. This can prove to be expedient if the axial distance between the control edge 30 and the control edge 31 at the right end in FIG. 3 would be too small, so that sufficient strength would no longer be guaranteed. In the event of the window-like recesses being displaced, the lower transverse channel 62 would then also have to be displaced accordingly to the left.

Ausserdem ist es bei beiden Ausführungsbeispielen möglich, im Zylinder 2 und 22 am unteren Ende des Förderraumes 4 bzw. 24 zusätzlich mindestens eine mit dem Saugraum 7 bzw. 27 in Verbindung stehende Querbohrung anzubringen, um ein rasches Füllen des Förderraumes 4 bzw. 24 zu erlauben. Für das Steuern des Förderbeginns sind diese Bohrungen ohne Bedeutung.In addition, in both exemplary embodiments it is possible to additionally make at least one transverse bore in the cylinder 2 and 22 at the lower end of the delivery chamber 4 or 24 in order to allow the delivery chamber 4 or 24 to be filled quickly . These holes are irrelevant for controlling the start of production.

Claims (5)

  1. A fuel injection pump for reciprocating combustion engines, having at least one cylinder which contains a delivery space (4; 24), a piston (3; 23) movable axially in this cylinder (2; 22) and a suction space (7; 27) which is connected to the delivery space but the connection of which to the delivery space is interrupted during the delivery phase, the piston, starting from its endface (3') touching the delivery space, exhibits inside its circumferential area at least one axial channel (13, 33) as well as at least one crosschannel (12; 62, 63) starting from this channel and opening into the circumferential area of the piston, that a slider (9; 19) which surrounds the piston in the region of the crosschannel is arranged to be axially adjustable and exhibits for influencing the start of delivery at least one first control edge (10; 30) cooperating with the crosschannel and for influencing the beginning of delivery, and at least one second control edge (11, 31) cooperating with the crosschannel and oblique to the direction of motion of the piston (3; 23), for influencing the end of the beginning of delivery, and that the slider or the piston is adjustable about its axis relatively to the piston or slider respectively;
    characterized in that the first control edge (10; 30) is arranged at a right angle to the direction of motion of the piston (3; 23) and that the second control edge (11; 31) is arranged in between the first control edge (10; 30) and the delivery space (4; 24).
  2. A pump as in Claim 1, characterized in that the crosschannel consists of two bores (62, 63) which exhibit a distance apart in the direction axial to the piston and each of which cooperates with one of the two control edges (30, 31)
  3. A pump as in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the axial adjustment of the slider (9) a stud (15) arranged offcentre on a shaft (14) is provided, which engages in a groove (16) running in the direction circumferential to the slider.
  4. A pump as in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the axial adjustment of the slider (19) a ring (49) which rests against it is provided and exhibits a slideface (50) which runs obliquely to the direction of motion of the piston (23) and bears against a stop (51) fastened in the cylinder.
  5. A pump as in one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for the relative adjustment of the piston (3) or slider (19) about its axis a toothed ring (18; 48) is fitted to turn with the piston or slider and engages with a rack (17).
EP92811011A 1992-12-21 1992-12-21 Fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0603447B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK92811011.3T DK0603447T3 (en) 1992-12-21 1992-12-21 Fuel injection pump for piston combustion engines
DE59208200T DE59208200D1 (en) 1992-12-21 1992-12-21 Fuel injection pump for reciprocating internal combustion engines
EP92811011A EP0603447B1 (en) 1992-12-21 1992-12-21 Fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine
FI935642A FI105231B (en) 1992-12-21 1993-12-15 Fuel injection pump for machines with piston combustion engine
KR1019930027722A KR100322805B1 (en) 1992-12-21 1993-12-15 Fuel injection pump of reciprocating combustion engine
CN93112760A CN1033101C (en) 1992-12-21 1993-12-20 Fuel injection pump for reciprocating combustion engines
JP5322837A JPH06235361A (en) 1992-12-21 1993-12-21 Fuel injection pump in reciprocating type internal combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92811011A EP0603447B1 (en) 1992-12-21 1992-12-21 Fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0603447A1 EP0603447A1 (en) 1994-06-29
EP0603447B1 true EP0603447B1 (en) 1997-03-12

Family

ID=8212053

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92811011A Expired - Lifetime EP0603447B1 (en) 1992-12-21 1992-12-21 Fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0603447B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06235361A (en)
KR (1) KR100322805B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1033101C (en)
DE (1) DE59208200D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0603447T3 (en)
FI (1) FI105231B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012214247A1 (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Slide valve for controlling hydraulic pressures or hydraulic flow rates, such as in automatic transmissions of motor vehicles, has valve slider having slide-sided control edge, where housing-sided control edge is formed on borehole

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4211520A (en) * 1978-01-20 1980-07-08 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Timing control for sleeve metering fuel system
USRE32965E (en) * 1984-07-31 1989-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines
DE3736091A1 (en) * 1987-10-24 1989-05-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert FUEL INJECTION PUMP FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
US4861243A (en) * 1988-04-08 1989-08-29 Ford Motor Company Diesel fuel injection pump with variable injection timing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
US-E-RE32965 (ROBERT BOSCH GMBH) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0603447A1 (en) 1994-06-29
FI935642A (en) 1994-06-22
DK0603447T3 (en) 1997-04-01
CN1033101C (en) 1996-10-23
CN1092503A (en) 1994-09-21
KR100322805B1 (en) 2002-06-20
DE59208200D1 (en) 1997-04-17
FI105231B (en) 2000-06-30
FI935642A0 (en) 1993-12-15
KR940015257A (en) 1994-07-20
JPH06235361A (en) 1994-08-23

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