EP0603094A1 - Side wall for a continuous twin-roll casting machine - Google Patents
Side wall for a continuous twin-roll casting machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0603094A1 EP0603094A1 EP93470031A EP93470031A EP0603094A1 EP 0603094 A1 EP0603094 A1 EP 0603094A1 EP 93470031 A EP93470031 A EP 93470031A EP 93470031 A EP93470031 A EP 93470031A EP 0603094 A1 EP0603094 A1 EP 0603094A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- wall according
- cylinders
- notches
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0648—Casting surfaces
- B22D11/066—Side dams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0665—Accessories therefor for treating the casting surfaces, e.g. calibrating, cleaning, dressing, preheating
- B22D11/0671—Accessories therefor for treating the casting surfaces, e.g. calibrating, cleaning, dressing, preheating for heating or drying
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an installation for the continuous casting of metals between cylinders, and more particularly to a lateral closure wall of the casting space situated between the cylinders.
- document JP-A-58 32 552 describes such a wall made of refractory material comprising a recess in which an electrical heating resistance is placed.
- Document JP-A-62 124 051 describes a wall comprising a first plate in contact with the cast metal and a second support plate, comprising on the side of the first plate, grooves in which are placed heating means.
- the recesses or grooves in which the heating means are placed weaken the mechanical resistance of this type of wall.
- grooves involve machining the support plate.
- the production of a recess in the refractory plate also involves machining or special molding which complicates the manufacture of the lateral closure wall.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to propose a lateral obturation wall comprising electric heating means, which is of simple construction, has good resistance. mechanical and ensures the best possible heat transfer between the heating element and the refractory plate in contact with the cast metal.
- the subject of the invention is a lateral closure wall for a continuous casting installation between cylinders of thin metal strips, comprising a first vertical plate of refractory material, placed in contact with the front ends of the cylinders, and means for electrically heating said first plate, characterized in that the heating means comprise a second rigid plate of electroconductive material, disposed against the first plate, and means for connecting two ends of this plate to a current source electric.
- this second plate which serves as a heating resistor.
- this second plate being rigid ensures increased mechanical strength of the lateral closure wall.
- the thickness of this second plate may be sufficient for it in fact to constitute the essential means giving the mechanical resistance necessary for the closure wall.
- the first refractory plate may have a reduced thickness since the forces to which the closure wall is subjected, are essentially supported by the second plate.
- the second plate includes offset notches produced alternately from a first edge of the plate and a second edge opposite the first, perpendicular to the plate.
- the notches can be made horizontally or vertically, and their spacing can vary from area to area. the other of the plate to locally adapt the quantity of thermal energy supplied.
- an insulating material is placed in these notches.
- the role of this insulator, for example mica sheets, is to avoid any contact between two parts of the plate located on either side of the same notch, and on the other hand to consolidate the second plate by strengthening its rigidity. .
- the second plate can be made of graphite, or of an electroconductive refractory material in its mass, such as alloy magnesia.
- the closure wall comprises an electrically insulating backplate for holding and pressing, in contact with the second plate, and on which pressure means act, to push the entire wall shutter against the cylinders.
- the set of three plates is preferably placed in a box, which leaves the free face of the first refractory plate visible, supplied with an inert gas, such as nitrogen, to prevent oxidation of the electroconductive material.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen
- the installation for casting between rolls shown in FIG. 1 conventionally comprises two rolls 1, 2, with horizontal and parallel axes, delimiting between them a pouring space 3 for the molten metal fed according to arrow 4.
- the pouring space is closed on each side, towards the ends of the cylinders by lateral closing walls 5.
- the cast metal 6 solidifies on contact with the cooled walls of the cylinders 1, 2, driven in rotation according to the arrows 7, 8, and is extracted downwards, in the form of a thin metal strip 9.
- the lateral closure wall 5, according to the invention, shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, comprises a first plate 11 made of refractory material, placed against the front ends of the cylinders 1, 2.
- This first plate which must be heated, is made of an electrically insulating material, for example vitreous silica.
- the second plate 12 is placed against the first plate 11.
- the second plate 12 is made of electrically conductive material, for example graphite, and has a relatively large thickness, of several tens of millimeters, for example of the order of 20 mm, of so as to constitute a rigid solid block having good mechanical resistance in particular to compression and to bending.
- the general shape of the second plate 12 is substantially trapezoidal, and corresponds substantially to the shape of a section of the casting space 3 in a vertical plane perpendicular to the axes of the cylinders.
- Parallel notches 13 are made in the second plate 12, horizontally and over its entire thickness. These stepped notches are produced for example by a saw cut alternately from one 14 and the other 15 edge of the plate, so as to constitute a set of strips 20 superimposed and connected by their ends alternately on one edge and on the other of the plate 12, thus forming an electrical heating resistance, the ends 16, 17 of which are connected to a source of electricity 18.
- the notches can be regularly spaced by a distance e .
- a 25 mm thick graphite plate having a height of 300 mm for an area of 300 cm2 was machined to make grooves 3 mm wide, spaced about 6 mm apart, forming thus a series of slats with a total length of 1885 mm and an average section of 150 mm2.
- the dissipated power is of the order of 10 000 W.
- An insulating material such as mica sheets 19 is placed in each notch 13 to avoid any risk of short circuit or arcing between two neighboring lamellae, and to reinforce the plate 12.
- a third rear plate 21 is pressed against the second plate 12 by pressure means, such as springs 22, which also serve to press the whole of the lateral closure wall against the cylinders.
- a box 23 surrounds the lateral closure wall 5 while being tightly connected to the first and third plates 11, 21.
- This box is supplied by a conduit 24 with inert gas, for example nitrogen, intended to avoid the oxidation of graphite.
- the invention is not limited to the arrangements described above by way of example.
- the notches can be made vertically. Their spacing, and therefore the thickness e of the slats 20, may also vary so as to locally adapt the thermal energy supplied by the plate 12, for example to heat more strongly in the upper part of the lateral obturation wall than towards the bottom of it.
- the first plate 1 may also be formed by a refractory lining of the second plate, produced by casting or projection of this material on said second plate.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
- Support Devices For Sliding Doors (AREA)
- Packaging Of Machine Parts And Wound Products (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une installation de coulée continue des métaux entre cylindres, et plus particulièrement une paroi d'obturation latérale de l'espace de coulée situé entre les cylindres.The present invention relates to an installation for the continuous casting of metals between cylinders, and more particularly to a lateral closure wall of the casting space situated between the cylinders.
On sait que, dans les installations de ce type, il est nécessaire d'éviter une solidification prématurée du métal coulé au contact des parois d'obturation latérale. Dans ce but, il a déjà été proposé de chauffer ces parois à haute température pour éviter ou au moins limiter le refroidissement du métal coulé à leur contact.It is known that, in installations of this type, it is necessary to avoid premature solidification of the cast metal in contact with the lateral closure walls. To this end, it has already been proposed to heat these walls at high temperature to avoid or at least limit the cooling of the metal cast on contact with them.
Par exemple le document JP-A-58 32 552 décrit une telle paroi en matériau réfractaire comportant un évidement dans lequel est placé une résistance électrique de chauffage. Le document JP-A-62 124 051 décrit une paroi comportant une première plaque en contact avec le métal coulé et une seconde plaque de support, comportant du côté de la première plaque, des rainures dans lesquelles sont placés des moyens de chauffage.For example, document JP-A-58 32 552 describes such a wall made of refractory material comprising a recess in which an electrical heating resistance is placed. Document JP-A-62 124 051 describes a wall comprising a first plate in contact with the cast metal and a second support plate, comprising on the side of the first plate, grooves in which are placed heating means.
Les évidements ou rainures dans lesquels sont placés les moyens de chauffage affaiblissent la résistance mécanique de ce type de paroi.The recesses or grooves in which the heating means are placed weaken the mechanical resistance of this type of wall.
De plus la réalisation des rainures implique un usinage de la plaque de support. La réalisation d'un évidement dans la plaque réfractaire implique aussi un usinage ou un moulage particulier qui compliquent la fabrication de la paroi d'obturation latérale.Furthermore, making the grooves involves machining the support plate. The production of a recess in the refractory plate also involves machining or special molding which complicates the manufacture of the lateral closure wall.
De plus encore, la transmission de chaleur de la résistance en contact avec le métal coulé se fait indirectement par un matériau d'enrobage coulé autour de la résistance électrique, ce qui nuit à un bon transfert thermique.Furthermore, the heat transmission from the resistor in contact with the cast metal takes place indirectly through a coating material cast around the electrical resistance, which impairs good heat transfer.
La présente invention a pour but de résoudre les problèmes ci-dessus, et de proposer une paroi d'obturation latérale comportant des moyens de chauffage électrique, qui soit de construction simple, présente une bonne résistance mécanique et assure un transfert thermique le meilleur possible entre l'élément chauffant et la plaque réfractaire en contact avec le métal coulé.The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to propose a lateral obturation wall comprising electric heating means, which is of simple construction, has good resistance. mechanical and ensures the best possible heat transfer between the heating element and the refractory plate in contact with the cast metal.
Avec ces objectifs en vue, l'invention a pour objet une paroi d'obturation latérale pour une installation de coulée continue entre cylindres de bandes métalliques minces, comportant une première plaque verticale en matériau réfractaire, placée en contact avec les extrémités frontales des cylindres, et des moyens de chauffage électrique de ladite première plaque, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de chauffage comprennent une seconde plaque rigide en matériau électroconducteur, disposée contre la première plaque, et des moyens de liaison de deux extrémités de cette plaque à une source de courant électrique.With these objectives in view, the subject of the invention is a lateral closure wall for a continuous casting installation between cylinders of thin metal strips, comprising a first vertical plate of refractory material, placed in contact with the front ends of the cylinders, and means for electrically heating said first plate, characterized in that the heating means comprise a second rigid plate of electroconductive material, disposed against the first plate, and means for connecting two ends of this plate to a current source electric.
Grâce à l'invention, c'est toute la seconde plaque qui sert de résistance de chauffage. De plus cette seconde plaque étant rigide assure une résistance mécanique accrue de la paroi d'obturation latérale. L'épaisseur de cette seconde plaque peut être suffisante pour qu'elle constitue en fait le moyen essentiel donnant la résistance mécanique nécessaire à la paroi d'obturation.Thanks to the invention, it is the entire second plate which serves as a heating resistor. In addition, this second plate being rigid ensures increased mechanical strength of the lateral closure wall. The thickness of this second plate may be sufficient for it in fact to constitute the essential means giving the mechanical resistance necessary for the closure wall.
Il en résulte que la première plaque réfractaire peut avoir une épaisseur réduite puisque les efforts auxquels est soumise le paroi d'obturation, sont essentiellement supportés par la deuxième plaque.As a result, the first refractory plate may have a reduced thickness since the forces to which the closure wall is subjected, are essentially supported by the second plate.
Selon une disposition préférentielle de l'invention, la seconde plaque comporte des encoches décalées réalisées en alternance à partir d'un premier bord de la plaque et d'un second bord opposé au premier, perpendiculairement à la plaque.According to a preferred arrangement of the invention, the second plate includes offset notches produced alternately from a first edge of the plate and a second edge opposite the first, perpendicular to the plate.
Grâce à cette disposition, la longueur du circuit électrique formé par la plaque est considérablement augmentée et simultanément sa section est réduite. Il en résulte qu'une forte puissance peut être fournie par la résistance ainsi formée.Thanks to this arrangement, the length of the electrical circuit formed by the plate is considerably increased and simultaneously its section is reduced. As a result, a high power can be supplied by the resistance thus formed.
Les encoches peuvent être réalisées horizontalement ou verticalement, et leur espacement peut varier d'une zone à l'autre de la plaque pour adapter localement la quantité d'énergie thermique fournie.The notches can be made horizontally or vertically, and their spacing can vary from area to area. the other of the plate to locally adapt the quantity of thermal energy supplied.
Préférentiellement, un matériau isolant est placé dans ces encoches. Cet isolant, par exemple des feuilles de mica, a pour rôle d'éviter tout contact entre deux parties de plaque situées de part et d'autre d'une même encoche, et d'autre part de consolider la seconde plaque en renforçant sa rigidité.Preferably, an insulating material is placed in these notches. The role of this insulator, for example mica sheets, is to avoid any contact between two parts of the plate located on either side of the same notch, and on the other hand to consolidate the second plate by strengthening its rigidity. .
La seconde plaque peut être réalisée en graphite, ou en matériau réfractaire électroconducteur dans sa masse, telle que de la magnésie alliée.The second plate can be made of graphite, or of an electroconductive refractory material in its mass, such as alloy magnesia.
Selon une autre disposition de l'invention, la paroi d'obturation comporte une plaque arrière électriquement isolante de maintien et de pression, au contact de la seconde plaque, et sur laquelle agissent des moyens de pression, pour pousser l'ensemble de la paroi d'obturation contre les cylindres.According to another arrangement of the invention, the closure wall comprises an electrically insulating backplate for holding and pressing, in contact with the second plate, and on which pressure means act, to push the entire wall shutter against the cylinders.
L'ensemble des trois plaques est préférentiellement placé dans un caisson, qui laisse apparente la face libre de la première plaque réfractaire, alimenté par un gaz inerte, tel que de l'azote, pour éviter l'oxydation du matériau électroconducteur.The set of three plates is preferably placed in a box, which leaves the free face of the first refractory plate visible, supplied with an inert gas, such as nitrogen, to prevent oxidation of the electroconductive material.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront dans la description qui va être faite à titre d'exemple d'une paroi d'obturation latérale d'une installation de coulée continue entre cylindres de bandes minces en acier.Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the description which will be given by way of example of a lateral closure wall of a continuous casting installation between cylinders of thin steel strips.
On se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une installation de coulée continue entre cylindres ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de la seconde plaque de la paroi d'obturation latérale conforme à l'invention ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe de la paroi d'obturation selon la ligne III-III de la figure.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a continuous casting installation between cylinders;
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the second plate of the side closure wall according to the invention;
- Figure 3 is a sectional view of the closure wall along line III-III of the figure.
L'installation de coulée entre cylindres représentée à la figure 1 comporte classiquement deux cylindres 1, 2, d'axes horizontaux et parallèles, délimitant entre eux un espace de coulée 3 pour le métal fondu alimenté selon la flèche 4.The installation for casting between rolls shown in FIG. 1 conventionally comprises two
L'espace de coulée est fermé de chaque côté, vers les extrémités des cylindres par des parois d'obturation latérale 5.The pouring space is closed on each side, towards the ends of the cylinders by
Lors de la coulée, le métal coulé 6 se solidifie au contact des parois refroidies des cylindres 1, 2, entraînés en rotation selon les flèches 7, 8, et est extrait vers le bas, sous forme d'une bande métallique mince 9.During casting, the
La paroi d'obturation latérale 5, conforme à l'invention, représentée aux figures 2 et 3, comporte une première plaque 11 en matériau réfractaire, placée contre les extrémités frontales des cylindres 1, 2.The
Cette première plaque, qui doit être chauffée, est en matériau électriquement isolant, par exemple de la silice vitreuse.This first plate, which must be heated, is made of an electrically insulating material, for example vitreous silica.
Une deuxième plaque 12, est placée contre la première plaque 11. La deuxième plaque 12 est en matériau électroconducteur, par exemple en graphite, et a une épaisseur relativement importante, de plusieurs dizaines de millimètres par exemple de l'ordre de 20 mm, de manière à constituer un bloc solide rigide ayant une bonne résistance mécanique notamment à la compression et à la flexion.A
La forme générale de la seconde plaque 12 est sensiblement trapézoïdale, et correspond sensiblement à la forme d'une section de l'espace de coulée 3 dans un plan vertical perpendiculaire aux axes des cylindres.The general shape of the
Des encoches 13 parallèles sont réalisées dans la seconde plaque 12, horizontalement et sur toute son épaisseur. Ces encoches étagées sont réalisées par exemple par un trait de scie alternativement à partir de l'un 14 et l'autre 15 bord de la plaque, de manière à constituer un ensemble de lamelles 20 superposées et reliées par leurs extrémités alternativement sur un bord et sur l'autre de la plaque 12, formant ainsi une résistance électrique de chauffage, dont les extrémités 16, 17 sont reliées à une source d'électricité 18.
Les encoches peuvent être régulièrement espacées d'une distance e. Dans ce cas, la résistance électrique R de la seconde plaque peut s'exprimer sous la forme R = ρ
Un matériau isolant tel que des feuilles de mica 19, est placé dans chaque encoche 13 pour éviter tout risque de court circuit ou d'arcage entre deux lamelles voisines, et renforcer la plaque 12.An insulating material such as
Une troisième plaque arrière 21 est plaquée contre la seconde plaque 12 par des moyens de pression, tel que des ressorts 22, qui servent également pour plaquer l'ensemble de la paroi d'obturation latérale contre les cylindres.A third
Un caisson 23 entoure la paroi d'obturation latérale 5 en étant relié de manière étanche aux première et troisième plaques 11, 21. Ce caisson est alimenté par un conduit 24 en gaz inerte, par exemple de l'azote, destiné à éviter l'oxydation du graphite.A
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux dispositions décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemple. En particulier, les encoches pourront être réalisées verticalement. Leur espacement, et donc l'épaisseur e des lamelles 20, pourra aussi varier de manière à adapter localement l'énergie thermique fournie par la plaque 12, par exemple pour chauffer plus fortement dans la partie supérieure de la paroi d'obturation latérale que vers le bas de celle-ci.The invention is not limited to the arrangements described above by way of example. In particular, the notches can be made vertically. Their spacing, and therefore the thickness e of the
La première plaque 1 pourra aussi être formée par un revêtement réfractaire de la seconde plaque, réalisé par coulée ou projection de ce matériau sur ladite seconde plaque.The
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9215573 | 1992-12-18 | ||
FR9215573A FR2699437B1 (en) | 1992-12-18 | 1992-12-18 | Lateral closing wall of a continuous casting installation between cylinders. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0603094A1 true EP0603094A1 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
EP0603094B1 EP0603094B1 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
Family
ID=9436999
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93470031A Expired - Lifetime EP0603094B1 (en) | 1992-12-18 | 1993-12-03 | Side wall for a continuous twin-roll casting machine |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0603094B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE126740T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE69300397T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0603094T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2078112T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2699437B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3017477T3 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2640861A (en) * | 1950-11-27 | 1953-06-02 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Resistance furnace |
DE1912216A1 (en) * | 1968-03-11 | 1970-08-06 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Electric heating element |
JPS5832552A (en) * | 1981-08-21 | 1983-02-25 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Mold for continuous casting of thin walled ingot |
JPS62124051A (en) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-06-05 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Continuous casting apparatus for sheet |
JPS63215343A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1988-09-07 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Twin roll type continuous casting machine |
JPH02155543A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1990-06-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Apparatus for continuously casting cast strip |
-
1992
- 1992-12-18 FR FR9215573A patent/FR2699437B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-12-03 AT AT93470031T patent/ATE126740T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-03 DE DE69300397T patent/DE69300397T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-03 DK DK93470031.1T patent/DK0603094T3/en active
- 1993-12-03 EP EP93470031A patent/EP0603094B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-03 ES ES93470031T patent/ES2078112T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-17 DE DE4343244A patent/DE4343244A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-09-21 GR GR950402594T patent/GR3017477T3/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2640861A (en) * | 1950-11-27 | 1953-06-02 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Resistance furnace |
DE1912216A1 (en) * | 1968-03-11 | 1970-08-06 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Electric heating element |
JPS5832552A (en) * | 1981-08-21 | 1983-02-25 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Mold for continuous casting of thin walled ingot |
JPS62124051A (en) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-06-05 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Continuous casting apparatus for sheet |
JPS63215343A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1988-09-07 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Twin roll type continuous casting machine |
JPH02155543A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1990-06-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Apparatus for continuously casting cast strip |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 344 (M - 640)<2791> 11 November 1987 (1987-11-11) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 495 (M - 780)<3342> 23 December 1988 (1988-12-23) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 14, no. 407 (M - 1019)<4350> 4 September 1990 (1990-09-04) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 112 (M - 215)<1257> 17 May 1983 (1983-05-17) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2078112T3 (en) | 1995-12-01 |
DK0603094T3 (en) | 1996-01-15 |
DE69300397D1 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
ATE126740T1 (en) | 1995-09-15 |
FR2699437A1 (en) | 1994-06-24 |
EP0603094B1 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
GR3017477T3 (en) | 1995-12-31 |
DE4343244A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
DE69300397T2 (en) | 1996-03-07 |
FR2699437B1 (en) | 1995-02-03 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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