EP0601934B1 - Improvements to methods and devices used to protect from external noises a given volume, preferably located inside a room - Google Patents
Improvements to methods and devices used to protect from external noises a given volume, preferably located inside a room Download PDFInfo
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- EP0601934B1 EP0601934B1 EP93402974A EP93402974A EP0601934B1 EP 0601934 B1 EP0601934 B1 EP 0601934B1 EP 93402974 A EP93402974 A EP 93402974A EP 93402974 A EP93402974 A EP 93402974A EP 0601934 B1 EP0601934 B1 EP 0601934B1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/34—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using electrical steering of transducer arrays, e.g. beam steering
- G10K11/341—Circuits therefor
- G10K11/346—Circuits therefor using phase variation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
- G10K11/17853—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices of the filter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
- G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
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- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1787—General system configurations
- G10K11/17875—General system configurations using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
- G10K15/02—Synthesis of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- G10K2210/10—Applications
- G10K2210/103—Three dimensional
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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- G10K2210/119—Radiation control, e.g. control of sound radiated by vibrating structures
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- G10K2210/10—Applications
- G10K2210/12—Rooms, e.g. ANC inside a room, office, concert hall or automobile cabin
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- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- G10K2210/30—Means
- G10K2210/301—Computational
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- G10K2210/30—Means
- G10K2210/301—Computational
- G10K2210/3047—Prediction, e.g. of future values of noise
Definitions
- the volumes in question are notably those intended to be occupied by the head of an individual, especially when seated or lying down: when the desired acoustic protection is obtained, the individual concerned is safe from acoustic aggression outside as long as his head remains at inside such a volume.
- the random noises could not be treated properly in this way and when volumes considered are inside premises, laterally delimited by partitions, lower by a floor and above by a ceiling, one is hardly managed until today to control the phenomena of reflection or reverberation of the noises to neutralize on the various walls delimiting said premises as well as on other obstacles, such as furniture, present in these premises.
- the object of the invention as defined in the claims is, above all, to remedy all of these disadvantages by protecting a volume arranged inside a room opposite noises of all kinds produced outside this room, and in particular from certain directions privileged corresponding for example to windows.
- the invention also relates to the batteries of acoustic elements specially designed to equip the above devices as well as the methods for determining the impulse responses f ij (t) and g ki (t) which are used for the preparation of the signals S .
- the invention includes, apart from these arrangements main, certain other provisions which preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly question below.
- Figure 1 of this drawing shows very schematically a room equipped with a device to protect outside noise a limited volume of this room.
- Figure 2 is a diagram of the electronic circuit understood by this device.
- the noises E are for example those which come from from outside the room through an open window 5 or closed.
- Volume 2 presents for example the form of a sphere or cylinder of revolution whose diameter is of the order of 1 meter and whose central portion is intended to be occupied by the head of a person whom we want to isolate noise E, this person being by example sitting in front of a desk or lying in a bed.
- the present invention proposes to solve the problem of attenuation, even deletion, of unwanted noise in volume 2 above defined, and even if these noises are random and if they are reflected or reverberated by the walls 4 of room 3.
- volume 2 to be acoustically protected Interpose between volume 2 to be acoustically protected and the source of the noise E towards which we wishes to ensure said protection two "barriers" or “drums” 6 and 8 each made up of acoustic elements distinct kept separate from each other by a rigid frame (respectively 7.9) openwork opposite sounds.
- the first 6 of these two batteries defines a reticulated network, generally three-dimensional, of points or distinct "nodes" i-1, i, i + 1 ... occupying at least in part of volume 2 to be acoustically protected.
- the acoustic elements which it comprises are, initially, acoustic sources (loudspeakers or the like) 10 i-1 , 10 i , 10 i + 1 ... which are located at said nodes.
- Each of the impulse response laws is then determined as a function of the time tf ij (t) corresponding to each of the noises generated on each sensor 11 j by the emission of a short acoustic pulse from each source 10 i .
- the resulting noise which arrives at each of the points i of the battery 6 is calculated for each given global noise E j (t) received at each of the points j.
- the total noise F i (t) which would reach each of the points i is then determined in response to the noises E j (t) received by the set of points j, noises which are precisely those symbolized by the arrow 1 above.
- Each of the sources 10 i of the battery 6 is then replaced by acoustic sensors 12 i arranged in exactly the same locations i as these sources.
- this battery 13 is constituted by a rigid frame 14 now separated the from each other a plurality of acoustic sources 15 k-1 , 15 k , 15 k + 1 ... located at distinct points or "nodes" k-1, k, k + 1 ... of said framework.
- Each impulse response g ki (t) corresponding to the noise which is generated on the sensor 12 i is then determined by the emission of a short acoustic pulse from the source 15 k .
- each function g ki (t) is strictly identical to the reciprocal function g ik (t).
- This formula is precious because it makes it possible to determine in an extremely precise manner the noises which would result, at the level of the battery 13, from the production of the noises F i (t) at the level of the various points i of the first battery 6.
- the corresponding reverse wavefront to these counter signals successively occupies the various positions that the front occupied in the past initial "direct” wave, the observed phenomenon being comparable to the projection of a cinematographic film at upside down.
- Volume 2 then remains silent and inaccessible to said noises E j (t), whatever their natures and intensities and whatever the reflections or reverberations undergone by some of their components before reaching said volume.
- the battery 6 can be completely eliminated, which completely clears the surroundings of the acoustically isolated volume 2.
- the counter-noises C To obtain the desired neutralization of each noise F i (t), the counter-noises C must reach the level of the points i at the same time as these noises.
- the range of frequencies to which are sensitive the sensors is advantageously between 10 Hz and 10,000 Hz.
- the sampling frequency is equal at 80 kHz, which corresponds to a sampling carried out every 12 microseconds.
- these distances are advantageously given a value equal to half of the longest wavelength small of the affected frequency range.
- the distance in question can be of the order of 10 centimeters, which provides protection especially good acoustics compared to the components of low frequency of noises to be neutralized: the length wave is indeed 33 centimeters for a frequency 1000 Hz.
- this number is equal to several tens, being in particular of the order from 50 to 100.
- a digital signal processor of the DSP (Digital Signal Processor) type can be assigned to each of the sensors 11 j .
- the storage to be carried out for the actual implementation of the invention includes 2,080x15,000 bytes, i.e. 31.20 megabytes, which represents quite a reasonable number.
- This device presents compared to those previously known many advantages and in particular that of ensuring acoustic protection even vis-à-vis random noises and even if the volume considered is arranged inside a room whose walls are not specially treated to oppose reflections acoustic.
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- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
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- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
On désire souvent protéger certains volumes vis-à-vis des bruits engendrés à l'extérieur de ces volumes.We often want to protect certain volumes from noise generated outside these volumes.
Les volumes en question sont notamment ceux destinés à être occupés par la tête d'un individu, notamment en position assise ou en position couchée : lorsque la protection acoustique désirée est obtenue, l'individu concerné est à l'abri des agressions acoustiques extérieures tant que sa tête demeure placée à l'intérieur d'un tel volume.The volumes in question are notably those intended to be occupied by the head of an individual, especially when seated or lying down: when the desired acoustic protection is obtained, the individual concerned is safe from acoustic aggression outside as long as his head remains at inside such a volume.
Pour assurer une telle protection acoustique, il a déjà été proposé d'interposer entre les volumes en question et l'extérieur de ceux-ci des cloisons phoniquement isolantes.To ensure such acoustic protection, it has already been proposed to interpose between the volumes in question and the outside of these soundproof partitions insulating.
L'isolation obtenue par de telles cloisons est limitée et les obstacles physiques matérialisés par lesdites cloisons sont souvent rédhibitoires.The insulation obtained by such partitions is limited and physical barriers materialized by said partitions are often prohibitive.
Il a également été proposé de neutraliser certains sons reçus par de tels volumes en appliquant sur lesdits volumes des "contre-bruits" d'amplitude identique et de phase opposée à celles desdits sons. Le document GB-A-2 191 063 divulgue un tel dispositif.It has also been proposed to neutralize certain sounds received by such volumes by applying to said volumes volumes of "counter-noises" of identical amplitude and opposite phase to those of said sounds. Document GB-A-2 191 063 discloses such a device.
Mais jusqu'à ce jour, ce type de neutralisation, désignée parfois sous le nom d'atténuation active, n'a conduit à des résultats encourageants que pour des sons sinusoïdaux relativement purs et transmis directement depuis leur source au volume à protéger.But to date, this type of neutralization, sometimes referred to as active attenuation, leads to encouraging results only for sounds relatively pure sine waves and transmitted directly from their source to the volume to be protected.
En particulier, les bruits aléatoires n'ont pu être traités correctement de la sorte et, lorsque les volumes considérés se trouvent à l'intérieur de locaux, délimités latéralement par des cloisons, inférieurement par un plancher et supérieurement par un plafond, on n'est guère parvenu jusqu'à ce jour à maítriser les phénomènes de réflexion ou réverbération des bruits à neutraliser sur les différentes parois délimitant lesdits locaux ainsi que sur les autres obstacles, tels que les meubles, présents dans ces locaux.In particular, the random noises could not be treated properly in this way and when volumes considered are inside premises, laterally delimited by partitions, lower by a floor and above by a ceiling, one is hardly managed until today to control the phenomena of reflection or reverberation of the noises to neutralize on the various walls delimiting said premises as well as on other obstacles, such as furniture, present in these premises.
L'invention telle qu'elle est définie dans les revendications a pour but, surtout de remédier à l'ensemble de ces inconvénients en permettant de protéger un volume disposé à l'intérieur d'un local vis-à-vis des bruits de toute nature produits extérieurement à ce local, et en particulier à partir de certaines directions privilégiées correspondant par exemple à des fenêtres.The object of the invention as defined in the claims is, above all, to remedy all of these disadvantages by protecting a volume arranged inside a room opposite noises of all kinds produced outside this room, and in particular from certain directions privileged corresponding for example to windows.
A cet effet, les dispositifs de protection acoustique de volumes limités selon l'invention sont essentiellement caractérisés en ce qu'ils comprennent, d'une part, disposées respectivement à deux distances distinctes A et B d'une même batterie fictive réticulée définissant des points i disposés dans le volume à protéger acoustiquement, une batterie de capteurs acoustiques (microphones) recevant les bruits à neutraliser Ej(t) et une batterie de sources acoustiques (haut-parleurs), la distance B étant inférieure à la distance A, et d'autre part, un circuit électronique interposé entre lesdits capteurs et lesdites sources et agencé de façon à élaborer, en des temps inférieurs à A-B / v , v étant la vitesse du son dans l'air, pour chaque bruit Ej(t), une pluralité de signaux Sk(t) qui sont appliqués instantanément, respectivement, sur les sources, chaque signal Sk(t) étant égal à : formule dans laquelle :
- chaque fonction fji(t) est identique à la fonction réciproque fij(t) qui est la réponse impulsionnelle, préalablement déterminée et enregistrée, correspondant au bruit engendré sur le capteur d'indice j de la batterie de capteurs ci-dessus par l'émission d'une courte impulsion acoustique à partir d'une source supposée placée au point i,
- et chaque fonction gik(-t) est élaborée à partir de la fonction gik(t) qui est elle-même identique à la fonction réciproque gki(t), laquelle est à son tour la réponse impulsionnelle, préalablement déterminée et enregistrée, correspondant au bruit engendré sur un capteur supposé placé au point i, à partir de l'émission d'une courte impulsion acoustique par la source d'indice k de la batterie de sources ci-dessus.
- each function f ji (t) is identical to the reciprocal function f ij (t) which is the impulse response, previously determined and recorded, corresponding to the noise generated on the sensor of index j of the battery of sensors above by l 'emission of a short acoustic pulse from a supposed source placed at point i,
- and each function g ik (-t) is developed from the function g ik (t) which is itself identical to the reciprocal function g ki (t), which in turn is the impulse response, previously determined and recorded , corresponding to the noise generated on a supposed sensor placed at point i, from the emission of a short acoustic pulse by the source of index k of the battery of sources above.
Dans des modes de réalisation préférés, on a recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :
- la détection des bruits Ej(t) nécessaire à l'élaboration des signaux S est effectuée par échantillonnage à une cadence correspondant sensiblement au huitième de la période la plus courte caractérisant les ondes sonores à traiter, c'est-à-dire à la fréquence la plus élevée de la gamme retenue pour la sensibilité des capteurs,
- le domaine des fréquences auxquelles sont sensibles les capteurs est compris entre 10 et 10 000 Hz,
- le nombre des éléments acoustiques composant chacune des batteries est égal à plusieurs dizaines, étant notamment de l'ordre de 50 à 100, et les distances qui séparent entre eux ces éléments dans chaque batterie est de l'ordre du décimètre,
- la différence entre les distances A et B est de l'ordre de 1 mètre ;
- chaque signal Sk(t) est égal à : formule dans laquelle hjk(t) est une fonction préalablement déterminée et enregistrée égale à :
- the detection of the noise E j (t) necessary for the preparation of the signals S is carried out by sampling at a rate corresponding substantially to the eighth of the shortest period characterizing the sound waves to be processed, that is to say to the highest frequency of the range selected for the sensitivity of the sensors,
- the frequency range to which the sensors are sensitive is between 10 and 10 000 Hz,
- the number of acoustic elements making up each of the batteries is equal to several tens, being in particular of the order of 50 to 100, and the distances which separate them between these elements in each battery is of the order of a decimeter,
- the difference between the distances A and B is of the order of 1 meter;
- each signal S k (t) is equal to: formula in which h jk (t) is a previously determined and recorded function equal to:
L'invention vise également les batteries d'éléments acoustiques spécialement conçues pour équiper les dispositifs ci-dessus ainsi que les procédés pour déterminer les réponses impulsionnelles fij(t) et gki(t) qui sont utilisées pour l'élaboration des signaux S.The invention also relates to the batteries of acoustic elements specially designed to equip the above devices as well as the methods for determining the impulse responses f ij (t) and g ki (t) which are used for the preparation of the signals S .
Ces procédés sont essentiellement caractérisés selon l'invention en ce que l'on dispose à proximité du volume à protéger acoustiquement, de façon à définir une partie au moins de ce volume, une batterie réticulée définissant une pluralité de points i en lesquels on place :
- dans un premier temps, des sources acoustiques, les réponses fij(t) étant alors déterminées au niveau des capteurs permanents ci-dessus lors de l'émission d'impulsions acoustiques courtes par lesdites sources,
- et dans un deuxième temps, des capteurs acoustiques, les réponses gki(t) étant alors déterminées au niveau de ces capteurs lors de l'émission d'impulsions acoustiques courtes par les sources permanentes ci-dessus.
- initially, acoustic sources, the responses f ij (t) then being determined at the level of the above permanent sensors during the emission of short acoustic pulses by said sources,
- and secondly, acoustic sensors, the responses g ki (t) then being determined at the level of these sensors during the emission of short acoustic pulses by the above permanent sources.
Dans l'un au moins des deux ensembles sources-capteurs utilisés respectivement au cours des deux "temps" successifs des procédés ci-dessus définis, on pourrait permuter les rôles et emplacements respectifs des sources et des capteurs.In at least one of the two source-sensor assemblies used respectively during the two "times" successive of the processes defined above, one could swap the respective roles and locations of sources and sensors.
Dans le cas où l'usage de la fonction hjk(t) ci-dessus est prévu, on procède en outre à une étape préalable d'élaboration et d'enregistrement de cette fonction hjk(t).In the case where the use of the function h jk (t) above is planned, a preliminary step is further developed and recorded for this function h jk (t).
L'invention comprend, mises à part ces dispositions principales, certaines autres dispositions qui s'utilisent de préférence en même temps et dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après.The invention includes, apart from these arrangements main, certain other provisions which preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly question below.
Dans ce qui suit, l'on va décrire un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention en se référant au dessin ci-annexé d'une manière bien entendu non limitative.In the following, we will describe a mode of preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to drawing attached hereto in a manner which is of course not limiting.
La figure 1, de ce dessin, montre très schématiquement un local équipé d'un dispositif propre à protéger des bruits extérieurs un volume limité de ce local. Figure 1 of this drawing shows very schematically a room equipped with a device to protect outside noise a limited volume of this room.
La figure 2 est un schéma du circuit électronique compris par ce dispositif.Figure 2 is a diagram of the electronic circuit understood by this device.
On se propose de protéger vis-à-vis de bruits
aléatoires E schématisés par la flèche 1 un volume 2
relativement limité disposé dans un local 3 délimité
latéralement par des cloisons 4, inférieurement par un
plancher et supérieurement par un plafond.We propose to protect against noise
random E schematized by the arrow 1 a
Les bruits E sont par exemple ceux qui proviennent
de l'extérieur du local à travers une fenêtre 5 ouverte
ou fermée.The noises E are for example those which come from
from outside the room through an
Le volume 2 présente par exemple la forme d'une
sphère ou d'un cylindre de révolution dont le diamètre est
de l'ordre de 1 mètre et dont la portion centrale est
destinée à être occupée par la tête d'une personne que
l'on désire isoler des bruits E, cette personne étant par
exemple assise devant un bureau ou couchée dans un lit.
Pour résoudre le problème posé, on a recours à la technique connue en soi de l'atténuation active qui consiste, pour protéger un point donné vis-à-vis des bruits gênants, à créer en ce point des contre-bruits opposés auxdits bruits et déterminés de façon telle que leur addition à ces bruits en ledit point produise en celui-ci une résultante nulle, c'est-à-dire supprime lesdits bruits.To solve the problem, we use the technique known per se of active attenuation which consists in protecting a given point from annoying noises, creating counter-noises at this point opposed to the said noises and determined in such a way that their addition to these noises at said point produces in this one a null resultant, that is to say removes said noises.
Les réalisations qui ont été proposées dans ce domaine jusqu'à ce jour n'ont donné satisfaction que lorsque les deux conditions suivantes étaient remplies :
- constitution du bruit par un son sinusoïdal pur tel que celui émis par certains moteurs ou instruments de musique,
- propagation exclusive et directe dudit son depuis sa source jusqu'au point à protéger, sans réflexion ou réverbération de ce son sur des obstacles tels que les parois d'un local.
- constitution of noise by a pure sinusoidal sound such as that emitted by certain motors or musical instruments,
- exclusive and direct propagation of said sound from its source to the point to be protected, without reflection or reverberation of this sound on obstacles such as the walls of a room.
La présente invention se propose de résoudre le
problème de l'atténuation, voire de la suppression, des
bruits indésirables dans le volume 2 ci-dessus défini, et
ce même si ces bruits sont aléatoires et s'ils sont
réfléchis ou réverbérés par les parois 4 du local 3.The present invention proposes to solve the
problem of attenuation, even deletion, of
unwanted noise in
A cet effet, on procède de la façon suivante.To do this, we proceed as follows.
On interpose entre le volume 2 à protéger acoustiquement
et la source des bruits E vis-à-vis desquels on
désire assurer ladite protection deux "barrières" ou
"batteries" 6 et 8 composées chacune d'éléments acoustiques
distincts maintenus séparés les uns des autres par
une ossature rigide (respectivement 7,9) ajourée vis-à-vis
des sons.Interpose between
Ces deux barrières ou batteries 6 et 8 sont
écartées l'une de l'autre d'une distance moyenne A.These two barriers or
La première 6 de ces deux batteries définit un
réseau réticulé, en général tridimensionnel, de points ou
"noeuds" distincts i-1, i, i+1... occupant au moins en
partie le volume 2 à protéger acoustiquement.The first 6 of these two batteries defines a
reticulated network, generally three-dimensional, of points or
distinct "nodes" i-1, i, i + 1 ... occupying at least in
part of
Les éléments acoustiques qu'elle comporte sont, dans un premier temps, des sources acoustiques (haut-parleurs ou autres) 10i-1, 10i, 10i+1... qui sont localisées auxdits noeuds.The acoustic elements which it comprises are, initially, acoustic sources (loudspeakers or the like) 10 i-1 , 10 i , 10 i + 1 ... which are located at said nodes.
Pour ce qui est des éléments acoustiques compris
par la seconde barrière 8, il s'agit de capteurs (microphones)
11j-1, 11j, 11j+1... qui sont localisés en différents
points ou "noeuds" j-1, j, j+1... de ladite barrière.As for the acoustic elements included by the
On détermine ensuite chacune des lois de réponse
impulsionnelle en fonction du temps t fij(t) correspondant
à chacun des bruits engendrés sur chaque capteur 11j par
l'émission d'une courte impulsion acoustique à partir de
chaque source 10i.Each of the impulse response laws is then determined as a function of the time tf ij (t) corresponding to each of the noises generated on each
On rappelle ici le théorème de la réciprocité
selon lequel la réponse impulsionnelle fij(t) telle que
définie ci-dessus est exactement identique à la réponse
impulsionnelle inverse fji(t) qui serait recueillie par
des capteurs supposés disposés exactement aux mêmes
emplacements i que les sources 10i ci-dessus en réponse à
l'émission de courtes impulsions acoustiques à partir de
sources supposées disposées en les différents points j en
remplacement des capteurs 11j ci-dessus.We recall here the reciprocity theorem according to which the impulse response f ij (t) as defined above is exactly identical to the inverse impulse response f ji (t) which would be collected by supposed sensors placed at exactly the same locations i that the sources 10 i above in response to the emission of short acoustic pulses from sources assumed to be arranged at the different points j in replacement of the
Cette réciprocité tient compte en particulier de toutes les réflexions ou réverbérations d'ondes acoustiques par les parois du local 3 ou par d'autres obstacles contenus dans ce local, tels que des meubles, réflexions qui sont schématisées sur le dessin par les traits R.This reciprocity takes into account in particular all reflections or reverberations of acoustic waves by the walls of room 3 or by other obstacles contained in this room, such as furniture, reflections which are shown diagrammatically in the drawing by the lines R.
En application dudit théorème, on calcule le bruit
résultant qui parviendrait à chacun des points i de la
batterie 6 pour chaque bruit global donné Ej(t) reçu en
chacun des points j.In application of said theorem, the resulting noise which arrives at each of the points i of the
Ce bruit résultant est le produit de convolution Ej(t)⊗fji(t).This resulting noise is the convolution product E j (t) ⊗f ji (t).
On détermine alors le bruit total Fi(t) qui parviendrait en chacun des points i en réponse aux bruits Ej(t) reçus par l'ensemble des points j, bruits qui sont précisément ceux symbolisés par la flèche 1 ci-dessus.The total noise F i (t) which would reach each of the points i is then determined in response to the noises E j (t) received by the set of points j, noises which are precisely those symbolized by the arrow 1 above.
Ce bruit total Fi(t) est égal à : This total noise F i (t) is equal to:
On remplace alors chacune des sources 10i de la
batterie 6 par des capteurs acoustiques 12i disposés
exactement en les mêmes emplacements i que ces sources.Each of the sources 10 i of the
On dispose sensiblement à une distance B de la
zone médiane de la batterie 6, B étant une longueur
inférieure à A, une troisième barrière ou batterie 13 du
même genre que les précédentes : cette batterie 13 est
constituée par une ossature rigide 14 maintenant écartées
les unes des autres une pluralité de sources acoustiques
15k-1, 15k, 15k+1... localisées en des points ou "noeuds"
distincts k-1, k, k+1... de ladite ossature.There is substantially at a distance B from the median zone of the
On détermine ensuite chaque réponse impulsionnelle gki(t) correspondant au bruit qui est engendré sur le capteur 12i par l'émission d'une courte impulsion acoustique à partir de la source 15k. Each impulse response g ki (t) corresponding to the noise which is generated on the sensor 12 i is then determined by the emission of a short acoustic pulse from the source 15 k .
En vertu du théorème de la réciprocité rappelé ci-dessus, chaque fonction gki(t) est rigoureusement identique à la fonction réciproque gik(t).By virtue of the reciprocity theorem mentioned above, each function g ki (t) is strictly identical to the reciprocal function g ik (t).
Par conséquent, on peut dire que le bruit global
Gk(t) qui serait créé en chacun des points k de la
batterie 13 en réponse aux bruits Fi(t) supposés émis à
partir des points i par des sources qui seraient localisées
en ces points, serait égal à :
Consequently, we can say that the overall noise G k (t) which would be created at each of the points k of the
Cette formule est précieuse car elle permet de
déterminer d'une manière extrêmement précise les bruits
qui résulteraient, au niveau de la batterie 13, de la
production des bruits Fi(t) au niveau des divers points i
de la première batterie 6.This formula is precious because it makes it possible to determine in an extremely precise manner the noises which would result, at the level of the
Or ces derniers bruits Fi(t) sont précisément ceux qui sont engendrés au niveau desdits points i par l'application sur le local 3 des bruits indésirables Ej(t) à neutraliser.However, these latter noises F i (t) are precisely those which are generated at said points i by the application to room 3 of the undesirable noises E j (t) to be neutralized.
Pour élaborer les contre-bruits désirés, destinés à neutraliser toute nuisance des bruits incidents indésirables Ej(t) au niveau de ces points i, c'est-à-dire à annuler ou tout au moins fortement atténuer les bruits Fi(t) créés au niveau des points i à partir de ces bruits indésirables, il suffit :
- de remplacer comme variable dans la loi de réponse gik(t) qui intervient dans la formule II ci-dessus la variable (t) par la variable (-t),
- et d'appliquer l'opposé Sk(t) de chaque signal résultant sur les sources 15k correspondantes.
- to replace as variable in the response law g ik (t) which intervenes in formula II above the variable (t) by the variable (-t),
- and to apply the opposite S k (t) of each resulting signal to the corresponding 15 k sources.
Il se trouve en effet que, si l'on émet en chacun des points k des contre-signaux gik(-t), l'onde correspondante émise vers le point i se propage d'une manière exactement inverse de celle correspondant à l'émission d'une courte impulsion acoustique à partir dudit point i vers ledit point k, et cette onde vient donc se focaliser au point i en y reconstituant exactement ladite courte impulsion, malgré les déformations diverses des fronts d'ondes qui ont pu être occasionnées dans les deux sens par les différentes réflexions acoustiques dues aux parois et autres obstacles du local.It turns out that, if we send counter-signals g ik (-t) at each of the points k, the corresponding wave sent to the point i propagates in exactly the opposite way to that corresponding to l emission of a short acoustic pulse from said point i towards said point k, and this wave therefore comes to focus at point i by exactly reconstructing said short pulse there, despite the various deformations of the wave fronts which may have been caused in both directions by the different acoustic reflections due to the walls and other obstacles of the room.
Plus précisément, le front d'onde inverse correspondant à ces contre-signaux occupe successivement les diverses positions qu'occupait dans le passé le front d'onde "direct" initial, le phénomène observé étant comparable à la projection d'un film cinématographique à l'envers.More specifically, the corresponding reverse wavefront to these counter signals successively occupies the various positions that the front occupied in the past initial "direct" wave, the observed phenomenon being comparable to the projection of a cinematographic film at upside down.
Les signaux Sk(t) en question peuvent alors être considérés comme donnés par la formule ci-après : The signals S k (t) in question can then be considered to be given by the following formula:
L'application de ces signaux Sk(t) sur les sources 15k permet d'engendrer au niveau des points i des contre-bruits C -ou Ci(t)- qui sont susceptibles d'annuler les bruits Fi(t) produits en ces points par les bruits indésirables Ej(t).The application of these signals S k (t) on the sources 15 k makes it possible to generate at the points i counter-noises C -or C i (t) - which are capable of canceling the noises F i (t ) produced at these points by undesirable noise E j (t).
Le volume 2 demeure alors silencieux et inaccessible
auxdits bruits Ej(t), quelles que soient leurs natures
et intensités et quelles que soient les réflexions ou
réverbérations subies par certaines de leurs composantes
avant de parvenir audit volume.
Bien entendu, après avoir déterminé les lois de
réponse impulsionnelle gki(t), on peut totalement supprimer
la batterie 6, ce qui dégage complètement les abords
du volume 2 acoustiquement isolé.Of course, after having determined the impulse response laws g ki (t), the
C'est là un important avantage de la présente invention.This is an important advantage of this invention.
Pour obtenir la neutralisation désirée de chaque bruit Fi(t), il convient que les contre-bruits C parviennent au niveau des points i en même temps que ces bruits.To obtain the desired neutralization of each noise F i (t), the counter-noises C must reach the level of the points i at the same time as these noises.
C'est ici qu'intervient la différence entre les
deux distances A et B séparant respectivement la batterie
6 des batteries 8 et 13.This is where the difference between the
two distances A and B respectively separating the
On prend soin que cette différence soit suffisante pour que les contre-bruits puissent être élaborés électroniquement pendant le temps que les sons mettent pour parcourir la longueur A-B.We take care that this difference is sufficient so that the noise can be produced electronically during the time that sounds take for travel the length A-B.
Il se trouve que, si cette longueur est de l'ordre du mètre, le temps résultant (3 millisecondes) est largement suffisant pour ladite élaboration électronique.It turns out that if this length is around of the meter, the resulting time (3 milliseconds) is more than enough for said electronic processing.
C'est là l'une des constatations originales qui ont permis la conception de la présente invention.This is one of the original findings which have enabled the design of the present invention.
Les circuits électroniques en question ont été
représentés par le rectangle 16 sur la figure 1.The electronic circuits in question have been
represented by
Ils ont été un peu plus détaillés sur la figure 2 où l'on voit une unité de mémorisation et calcul 17 reliée :
- d'une part, à chacun des capteurs acoustiques 111 par une chaíne comprenant un amplificateur 18j et un convertisseur analogique-numérique 19j,
- et d'autre part à chacune des sources 15k par une chaíne comprenant un convertisseur numérique-analogique 20k et un amplificateur 21k.
- on the one hand, to each of the
acoustic sensors 11 1 by a chain comprising an amplifier 18 j and an analog-digital converter 19 j , - and on the other hand to each of the 15 k sources by a chain comprising a digital-analog converter 20 k and an amplifier 21 k .
Dans la pratique, on n'exploite pas de façon
continue les bruits Ej(t) qui sont enregistrés par les
capteurs 11j.In practice, the noises E j (t) which are recorded by the
On procède par échantillonnage, à une cadence qui correspond sensiblement au huitième de la période la plus courte caractérisant les ondes sonores à traiter, c'est-à-dire à la fréquence la plus élevée de la gamme retenue pour la sensibilité des capteurs.We proceed by sampling, at a rate which roughly corresponds to the eighth of the most short characterizing the sound waves to be processed, i.e. at the highest frequency of the range selected for the sensitivity of the sensors.
Le domaine des fréquences auxquelles sont sensibles les capteurs est avantageusement compris entre 10 Hz et 10 000 Hz.The range of frequencies to which are sensitive the sensors is advantageously between 10 Hz and 10,000 Hz.
Dans ces conditions, la fréquence la plus élevée étant de 10 kHz, qui correspond à une période de 100 microsecondes, la fréquence d'échantillonnage est égale à 80 kHz, ce qui correspond à un échantillonnage effectué toutes les 12 microsecondes.Under these conditions, the highest frequency being 10 kHz, which corresponds to a period of 100 microseconds, the sampling frequency is equal at 80 kHz, which corresponds to a sampling carried out every 12 microseconds.
Pour ce qui est des distances séparant les différents éléments acoustiques d'une même batterie ou barrière, on donne avantageusement à ces distances une valeur égale à la moitié de la longueur d'onde la plus petite de la gamme des fréquences concernées.As for the distances between different acoustic elements of the same drum or barrier, these distances are advantageously given a value equal to half of the longest wavelength small of the affected frequency range.
C'est ainsi que la distance en question peut être de l'ordre de 10 centimètres, ce qui assure une protection acoustique spécialement bonne par rapport aux composantes de basse fréquence des bruits à neutraliser : la longueur d'onde est en effet de 33 centimètres pour une fréquence de 1000 Hz.This is how the distance in question can be of the order of 10 centimeters, which provides protection especially good acoustics compared to the components of low frequency of noises to be neutralized: the length wave is indeed 33 centimeters for a frequency 1000 Hz.
Pour ce qui est du nombre des éléments acoustiques composant chacune des barrières ou batteries, ce nombre est égal à plusieurs dizaines, étant notamment de l'ordre de 50 à 100.Regarding the number of acoustic elements making up each of the barriers or batteries, this number is equal to several tens, being in particular of the order from 50 to 100.
Les produits de convolution, de ces différents nombres, qui interviennent dans la formule III ci-dessus sont alors relativement élevés, ce qui peut impliquer l'utilisation d'organes de calcul relativement puissants.Convolution products, of these different numbers, which are involved in formula III above are then relatively high, which can imply the use of relatively powerful computing devices.
On pourra affecter à cet effet à chacun des
capteurs 11j un processeur de signal numérique du type DSP
(Digital Signal Processor).For this purpose, a digital signal processor of the DSP (Digital Signal Processor) type can be assigned to each of the
Selon un perfectionnement avantageux qui va être maintenant décrit, on peut simplifier considérablement le travail électronique nécessaire.According to an advantageous improvement which will be now described, we can considerably simplify the electronic work required.
Ce perfectionnement est basé sur les considérations suivantes.This improvement is based on considerations following.
La formule III ci-dessus peut également s'écrire : Formula III above can also be written:
Si on appelle hjk(t) le second membre de cette convolution (c'est-à-dire si la la formule IV devient : If we call h jk (t) the second member of this convolution (i.e. formula IV becomes:
Cette formule est relativement simple puisqu'elle ne fait plus intervenir aucun des points i.This formula is relatively simple since it no longer involves any of the points i.
Certes ces points i interviennent lors de l'élaboration de la fonction h.Certainly these points i intervene during the elaboration of the function h.
Mais cette élaboration peut être effectuée préalablement au cours d'une étape préparatoire suivie d'une mise en mémoire de la fonction h élaborée, ce qui est beaucoup plus souple que la solution précédente.But this preparation can be carried out beforehand during a preparatory stage followed by a storage of the elaborate function h, which is much more flexible than the previous solution.
Dans la pratique, on procède comme suit :
- on commence par mesurer chaque réponse impulsionnelle fij(t) sur une période de temps T, à compter du temps t=0 correspondant à l'émission de la courte impulsion acoustique initiale à partir du point i, ladite période s'étendant suffisamment pour contenir la totalité de la réponse impulsionnelle considérée, correspondant aussi bien à la trajectoire directe qu'aux réflexions parasites,
- on mesure de même chaque réponse impusionnelle gki(t) sur la même période T,
- on complète les deux fonctions ainsi mesurées par des 0 sur respectivement les deux périodes s'étendant de t=-∞ au temps t=0 et du temps t=T au temps t=+∞,
- on élabore et on mémorise la fonction "inverse" gik(-t),
- on calcule la fonction
- on mémorise les fonctions h ainsi calculées en remarquant que celles-ci sont symétriques en jk du fait que les deux réponses impulsionnelles fij(t) et gik(t) sont elles-mêmes symétriques, respectivement en ij et en ik,
- c'est enfin avec la fonction hjk(t) ainsi mémorisée que l'on convolue les bruits Ej(t) à neutraliser, conformément à la formule V ci-dessus, afin de déterminer les signaux opposés Sk(t).
- we start by measuring each impulse response f ij (t) over a period of time T, from the time t = 0 corresponding to the emission of the initial short acoustic pulse from point i, said period extending sufficiently to contain the totality of the impulse response considered, corresponding as well to the direct trajectory as to parasitic reflections,
- we likewise measure each impulse response g ki (t) over the same period T,
- the two functions thus measured are completed by 0s respectively over the two periods extending from t = -∞ at time t = 0 and from time t = T to time t = + ∞,
- we work out and memorize the "inverse" function g ik (-t),
- we calculate the function
- the functions h thus calculated are memorized by noting that they are symmetrical in jk because the two impulse responses f ij (t) and g ik (t) are themselves symmetrical, respectively in ij and in ik,
- it is finally with the function h jk (t) thus memorized that we convolve the noises E j (t) to neutralize, in accordance with the formula V above, in order to determine the opposite signals S k (t).
Pour mettre en évidence les avantages apportés par le perfectionnement qui vient d'être décrit, on donne ci-après un exemple numérique à titre bien entendu purement illustratif et non limitatif de l'invention :
la batterie 8 comprend un réseau de 8x8 points j, soit 64 points j,- de même la batterie 13 comprend un réseau de 8x8 points k, soit 64 points k,
la batterie 6 comprend un réseau maillé tridimentionnel cubique de 8x8x8=512 points i,- le temps T est égal à 100ms, l'échantillonnage est effectué à une cadence de 100kHz, ce qui correspond à un nombre de 10 000 échantillons pour chaque relevé, et la résolution de chaque échantillon est de 12 bits, ce qui correspond à 1,5 octet : chaque relevé fait donc intervenir 15 000 octets.
- the
battery 8 comprises an array of 8 × 8 points j, or 64 points j, - similarly, the
battery 13 comprises an 8 × 8 k point network, or 64 k points, - the
battery 6 comprises a cubic three-dimensional mesh network of 8 × 8 × 8 = 512 points i, - the time T is equal to 100 ms, the sampling is carried out at a rate of 100 kHz, which corresponds to a number of 10,000 samples for each reading, and the resolution of each sample is 12 bits, which corresponds to 1, 5 byte: each reading therefore involves 15,000 bytes.
Si l'on exploite directement la formule générale III ci-dessus donnée, il faut mettre en mémoire chacune des réponses impulsionnelles fij(t) et gik(-t) soit au total 64x512=32768 relevés pour chacune des deux familles : si l'on tient compte de la symétrie, on peut diviser en gros ce nombre par deux, ce qui correspond encore à un nombre de relevés supérieur à 16 000 pour chaque famille.If we directly use the general formula III given above, it is necessary to store each of the impulse responses f ij (t) and g ik (-t), ie a total of 64x512 = 32,768 recorded for each of the two families: if we take into account the symmetry, we can roughly divide this number by two, which again corresponds to a number of statements greater than 16,000 for each family.
Le produit de convolution de ces deux familles de réponses impulsionnelles et le double produit de convolution dudit produit avec la fonction représentative des bruits Ej(t) impliquent l'utilisation de calculateurs puissants.The convolution product of these two families of impulse responses and the double convolution product of said product with the representative function of noise E j (t) imply the use of powerful computers.
Dans le cas du perfectionnement ci-dessus décrit,
- l'étape préparatoire d'élaboration et de mémorisation de la fonction h fait intervenir la sommation de i=1 à i=512 de 512 produits de convolution fij(t)⊗gik(-t) : le résultat de cette sommation, qui constitue la fonction h, est mémorisé,
- puis l'étape de création réelle des contre-bruits S n'a plus qu'à faire intervenir la détermination de la fonction h ainsi mémorisée pour chacun des couples de variables jk, c'est-à-dire, compte tenu de la symétrie du système en jk, pour un nombre total de tels couples de l'ordre de 2 080 seulement.
- the preparatory stage for developing and memorizing the function h involves the summation of i = 1 to i = 512 of 512 convolution products f ij (t) ⊗g ik (-t): the result of this summation, which constitutes the function h, is memorized,
- then the step of real creation of the counter-noises S only has to involve the determination of the function h thus memorized for each of the pairs of variables jk, that is to say, taking into account the symmetry of the system in jk, for a total number of such couples of the order of only 2,080.
En définitive, le stockage à effectuer pour la mise en oeuvre réelle de l'invention comprend 2 080x15 000 octets, c'est-à-dire 31,20 méga-octets, ce qui représente un nombre tout à fait raisonnable.Ultimately, the storage to be carried out for the actual implementation of the invention includes 2,080x15,000 bytes, i.e. 31.20 megabytes, which represents quite a reasonable number.
En somme, on peut dire :
- qu'à l'issue de la phase préparatoire, pour l'exemple numérique adopté, le nombre des fonctions à mémoriser est de l'ordre de 2 000 seulement alors qu'il était de l'ordre de 32 000 selon la formule générale,
- et que, si l'on considère que le produit de convolution à effectuer dans chaque cas admet deux facteurs dont le premier est Ej(t), le second facteur est défini par quelque 2 000 fonctions dans le premier cas alors que, dans le cas général, il fait intervenir quelque 16 000x16 000=256 millions de fonctions.
- that at the end of the preparatory phase, for the numerical example adopted, the number of functions to be memorized is only around 2,000 while it was around 32,000 according to the general formula,
- and that, if we consider that the convolution product to be performed in each case admits two factors, the first of which is E j (t), the second factor is defined by some 2000 functions in the first case whereas, in the in general, it involves some 16,000x16,000 = 256 million functions.
En suite de quoi, et quel que soit le mode de réalisation adopté, on obtient finalement un dispositif qui permet de protéger efficacement des bruits extérieurs un volume donné, dispositif dont la constitution et le fonctionnement résultent suffisamment de qui précède.As a result of what, and whatever the mode of adopted implementation, we finally obtain a device which effectively protects from outside noise a given volume, a device whose constitution and operation result sufficiently from the above.
Ce dispositif présente par rapport à ceux antérieurement connus de nombreux avantages et en particulier celui d'assurer une protection acoustique même vis-à-vis des bruits aléatoires et même si le volume considéré est disposé à l'intérieur d'un local dont les parois ne sont pas spécialement traitées pour s'opposer aux réflexions acoustiques.This device presents compared to those previously known many advantages and in particular that of ensuring acoustic protection even vis-à-vis random noises and even if the volume considered is arranged inside a room whose walls are not not specially treated to oppose reflections acoustic.
Comme il va de soi, et comme il résulte d'ailleurs déjà de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite nullement à ceux de ses modes d'application et de réalisation qui ont été plus spécialement envisagés ; elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les variantes, notamment,
- celles où les
microphones 11j et/ou les haut-parleurs 15k utilisés pour la création des contre-bruits ne seraient pas les mêmes que ceux utilisés préalablement pour la calibration ou mise au point de l'installation en présence de labatterie 6, cas dans lequel les facteurs correctifs appropriés seraient introduits dans les calculs pour tenir compte des différences entre les réponses des appareils utilisés, - celles où le phénomène variable créé par les haut-parleurs et/ou celui mesuré par les microphones ne serait pas une pression, mais une vitesse de molécules d'air, cas dans lequel les facteurs correctifs appropriés seraient introduits dans les calculs, le passage de l'une de ces variables à l'autre étant obtenu par dérivation ou intégration temporelle,
- et celles où, au cours de l'élaboration de l'une au moins des fonctions f et g, les rôles et emplacements des sources et des capteurs seraient permutés par rapport à ceux exploités ci-dessus : en effet, vu le théorème de la réciprocité ci-dessus rappelé, la fonction fij(t), étant égale à fji(t), peut être élaborée indifféremment en mettant en oeuvre des impulsions acoustiques courtes émises des différents points i et en analysant les réponses impulsionnelles correspondantes aux points j ou en mettant en oeuvre des impulsions acoustiques courtes émises des différents point j et en analysant les réponses impulsionnelles correspondantes aux points i ; en particulier on pourrait envisager de placer uniquement des sources acoustiques aux points i pour déterminer toutes les réponses impulsionnelles fij(t) et gik(t), les sources 15k étant alors remplacées par des capteurs aux points k pour la détermination des réponses g.
- those where the
microphones 11j and / or thespeakers 15k used for the creation of the counter-noises would not be the same as those used previously for the calibration or adjustment of the installation in the presence of thebattery 6, case in which the appropriate corrective factors would be introduced into the calculations to take account of the differences between the responses of the devices used, - those where the variable phenomenon created by the loudspeakers and / or that measured by the microphones would not be a pressure, but a speed of air molecules, case in which the appropriate corrective factors would be introduced into calculations, the passage of one of these variables to the other being obtained by derivation or temporal integration,
- and those where, during the development of at least one of the functions f and g, the roles and locations of the sources and the sensors would be permuted compared to those exploited above: indeed, considering the theorem of the reciprocity above recalled, the function f ij (t), being equal to f ji (t), can be developed indifferently by implementing short acoustic pulses emitted from the different points i and by analyzing the corresponding impulse responses at points j or by implementing short acoustic pulses emitted from the different points j and by analyzing the corresponding impulse responses at points i; in particular we could consider placing only acoustic sources at points i to determine all the impulse responses f ij (t) and g ik (t), the sources 15 k then being replaced by sensors at points k for determining the responses g.
Claims (10)
- Device for protecting a given volume from outside noises, characterized in that it comprises, on the one hand, arranged respectively at two distinct distances A and B from a same reticulate fictitious array (6) defining points i arranged in the volume (2) to be acoustically protected, an array (8) of acoustic sensors (11j) receiving the noises to be cancelled Ej(t) and an array (13) of acoustic sources (15k), the distance B being less than the distance A, and on the other hand, an electronic circuit (16) interposed between the said sensors and the said sources and configured so as to calculate, in time spans less than A-B / v, v being the speed of sound in air, for each noise Ej(t), a plurality of signals Sk(t) which are applied instantaneously, respectively, to the sources (15k), each signal Sk(t) being equal to: a formula in which:each function fji(t) is identical to the reciprocal function fij(t) which is the impulse response, determined and recorded beforehand, corresponding to the noise generated at the sensor (11j) of index j of the above array of sensors through the emission of a short acoustic pulse from a source (10i) assumed stationed at the point i,and each function gik(-t) is calculated from the function gik(t) which is itself identical to the reciprocal function gki(t), which is in turn the impulse response, determined and recorded beforehand, corresponding to the noise generated at a sensor (12i) assumed stationed at point i, from the emission of a short acoustic pulse by the source (15k) of index k of the above array of sources.
- Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the detection of the noises Ej(t) required for calculation of the signals S is performed by sampling at a rate corresponding substantially to one eighth of the shortest period characterizing the sound waves to be processed, that is to say to the highest frequency of the range selected for the sensitivity of the sensors.
- Device according to either one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spread of frequencies to which the sensors (11j) are sensitive is included between 10 and 10,000 Hz.
- Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of acoustic elements (10i, 11j, 12i, 15k) making up each of the arrays (6, 8, 13) is equal to several tens, being especially of the order of 50 to 100 and in that the distances which mutually separate these elements within each array is of the order of a decimetre.
- Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference between the distances A and B is of the order of 1 metre.
- Process for determining the impulse responses fij(t) and gki(t) which are used for the calculation of the signals S according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in proximity to the volume (2) to be acoustically protected there is arranged, in such a way as to delimit a portion at least of this volume, a reticulate array (6) defining a plurality of points i at which are stationed: in a first time span, acoustic sources (10i), the responses fij(t) then being determined in the vicinity of the above permanent sensors (11j) during the emission of short acoustic pulses by the said sources, and in a second time span, acoustic sensors (12i), the responses gki(t) then being determined in the vicinity of these sensors during the emission of short acoustic pulses by the above permanent sources (15k).
- Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that, within at least one of the two source (10i; 15k) - sensor (11j; 12i) assemblies used in the course of the two successive "time spans" respectively, the respective roles and locations of the sources and sensors are interchanged.
- Reticulate array of acoustic elements (10i; 12i) for the implementation of the process according to either one of Claims 7 and 8.
- Process for implementing the device according to Claim 6, characterized in that a prior step of calculation and recording of the function hjk(t) is undertaken.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9214952A FR2699205B1 (en) | 1992-12-11 | 1992-12-11 | Improvements to methods and devices for protecting a given volume from outside noise, preferably located inside a room. |
FR9214952 | 1992-12-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0601934A1 EP0601934A1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
EP0601934B1 true EP0601934B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP93402974A Expired - Lifetime EP0601934B1 (en) | 1992-12-11 | 1993-12-09 | Improvements to methods and devices used to protect from external noises a given volume, preferably located inside a room |
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US (1) | US5438624A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0601934B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH06236191A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100306270B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1092128A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE170655T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU669020B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9305018A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2110763A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69320770T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0601934T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2123040T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI935515A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2699205B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL107919A (en) |
NO (2) | NO934511D0 (en) |
PL (1) | PL173598B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2132089C1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW293059B (en) |
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DE69523243T2 (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 2002-07-11 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V., Eindhoven | AUDIOVISUAL DEVICE AND THIS USING SYSTEM |
FR2726115B1 (en) * | 1994-10-20 | 1996-12-06 | Comptoir De La Technologie | ACTIVE SOUND INTENSITY MITIGATION DEVICE |
GB9506725D0 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1995-05-24 | Hooley Anthony | Improvements in or relating to loudspeakers |
FR2732807B1 (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1997-05-16 | Technofirst | PERSONAL ACTIVE SOUND ATTENUATION METHOD AND DEVICE, SEAT PROVIDED WITH THE CORRESPONDING DEVICE, AND ACTIVE SOUND ATTENUATION SPACE OBTAINED |
EP0842508B1 (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 2000-01-12 | Societe Pour Les Applications Du Retournement Temporel | Acoustic wave focusing method and device |
JPH0944168A (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1997-02-14 | Taisei Denki Kogyo:Kk | Floor shock sound eliminating device for multistoried building |
US5699437A (en) * | 1995-08-29 | 1997-12-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Active noise control system using phased-array sensors |
FR2771541B1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 2000-10-20 | Jean Claude Decaux | ACTIVE SOUNDPROOFING METHOD AND DEVICE |
JP5306565B2 (en) | 1999-09-29 | 2013-10-02 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Acoustic directing method and apparatus |
FR2799873B1 (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2002-02-08 | Comptoir De La Technologie | ACTIVE SOUND INTENSITY MITIGATION DEVICE |
WO2002078388A2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-03 | 1... Limited | Method and apparatus to create a sound field |
GB0124352D0 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2001-11-28 | 1 Ltd | Signal processing device for acoustic transducer array |
GB0203895D0 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2002-04-03 | 1 Ltd | Compact surround-sound system |
GB0301093D0 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2003-02-19 | 1 Ltd | Set-up method for array-type sound systems |
GB0321676D0 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2003-10-15 | 1 Ltd | Digital loudspeaker |
GB0415626D0 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2004-08-18 | 1 Ltd | Directional microphone |
WO2006016156A1 (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-16 | 1...Limited | Non-planar transducer arrays |
GB0514361D0 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2005-08-17 | 1 Ltd | Compact surround sound effects system |
KR101295848B1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2013-08-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus for focusing the sound of array speaker system and method thereof |
KR101613683B1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2016-04-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus for generating sound directional radiation pattern and method thereof |
TWI407430B (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2013-09-01 | Univ Nat Changhua Education | Sound wave suppressor and method thereof |
US10134379B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2018-11-20 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Acoustic wall assembly having double-wall configuration and passive noise-disruptive properties, and/or method of making and/or using the same |
US10354638B2 (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2019-07-16 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Acoustic wall assembly having active noise-disruptive properties, and/or method of making and/or using the same |
US10726855B2 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2020-07-28 | Guardian Glass, Llc. | Speech privacy system and/or associated method |
US10304473B2 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2019-05-28 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Speech privacy system and/or associated method |
US10373626B2 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2019-08-06 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Speech privacy system and/or associated method |
CN110164409A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 苏州中车建设工程有限公司 | Easy-to-detach protective sleeve of silencing module, array type silencer and mounting and dismounting method |
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US4683590A (en) * | 1985-03-18 | 1987-07-28 | Nippon Telegraph And Telphone Corporation | Inverse control system |
GB8610744D0 (en) * | 1986-05-01 | 1986-06-04 | Plessey Co Plc | Adaptive disturbance suppression |
US5233540A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1993-08-03 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for actively reducing repetitive vibrations |
JPH0739968B2 (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1995-05-01 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Sound transfer characteristics simulation method |
US5216721A (en) * | 1991-04-25 | 1993-06-01 | Nelson Industries, Inc. | Multi-channel active acoustic attenuation system |
US5224168A (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1993-06-29 | Sri International | Method and apparatus for the active reduction of compression waves |
US5216722A (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-06-01 | Nelson Industries, Inc. | Multi-channel active attenuation system with error signal inputs |
-
1992
- 1992-12-11 FR FR9214952A patent/FR2699205B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-12-06 CA CA002110763A patent/CA2110763A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-07 IL IL10791993A patent/IL107919A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-12-07 TW TW082110364A patent/TW293059B/zh active
- 1993-12-09 EP EP93402974A patent/EP0601934B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-09 US US08/163,508 patent/US5438624A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-09 AU AU52302/93A patent/AU669020B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-12-09 ES ES93402974T patent/ES2123040T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-09 NO NO934511D patent/NO934511D0/en unknown
- 1993-12-09 FI FI935515A patent/FI935515A/en unknown
- 1993-12-09 AT AT93402974T patent/ATE170655T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-09 NO NO934511A patent/NO301086B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-09 DK DK93402974T patent/DK0601934T3/en active
- 1993-12-09 DE DE69320770T patent/DE69320770T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-10 JP JP5345734A patent/JPH06236191A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-10 BR BR9305018A patent/BR9305018A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-10 PL PL93301416A patent/PL173598B1/en unknown
- 1993-12-10 RU RU93054520A patent/RU2132089C1/en active
- 1993-12-11 KR KR1019930027354A patent/KR100306270B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-11 CN CN93121692A patent/CN1092128A/en active Pending
Also Published As
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EP0601934A1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
TW293059B (en) | 1996-12-11 |
DE69320770D1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
FR2699205B1 (en) | 1995-03-10 |
AU5230293A (en) | 1994-06-23 |
DE69320770T2 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
BR9305018A (en) | 1994-06-14 |
IL107919A0 (en) | 1994-04-12 |
FI935515A0 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
JPH06236191A (en) | 1994-08-23 |
NO934511L (en) | 1994-06-13 |
IL107919A (en) | 1996-07-23 |
NO934511D0 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
KR940015967A (en) | 1994-07-22 |
PL301416A1 (en) | 1994-06-13 |
PL173598B1 (en) | 1998-03-31 |
ATE170655T1 (en) | 1998-09-15 |
FR2699205A1 (en) | 1994-06-17 |
FI935515A (en) | 1994-06-12 |
US5438624A (en) | 1995-08-01 |
RU2132089C1 (en) | 1999-06-20 |
DK0601934T3 (en) | 1999-05-31 |
AU669020B2 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
ES2123040T3 (en) | 1999-01-01 |
NO301086B1 (en) | 1997-09-08 |
CA2110763A1 (en) | 1994-06-12 |
KR100306270B1 (en) | 2001-11-30 |
CN1092128A (en) | 1994-09-14 |
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