EP0601278A1 - Spinning centrifuge - Google Patents

Spinning centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0601278A1
EP0601278A1 EP93112923A EP93112923A EP0601278A1 EP 0601278 A1 EP0601278 A1 EP 0601278A1 EP 93112923 A EP93112923 A EP 93112923A EP 93112923 A EP93112923 A EP 93112923A EP 0601278 A1 EP0601278 A1 EP 0601278A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
threads
spinning rotor
particles
outlet openings
spinning
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EP93112923A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0601278B1 (en
Inventor
Dietrich Bernd
Christoph Dr. Josefiak
Ulrich Dr. Freudenberg
Peter Dr. Barth
Michael Dr. Hauber
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Carl Freudenberg KG
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Carl Freudenberg KG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/18—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by means of rotating spinnerets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a textile fabric, in which a melt of a polymeric material is converted into the shape of threads with the aid of a spinning rotor, and in which the threads are subsequently combined and solidified to form a fabric.
  • Spunbonded processes enable the production of fine fiber nonwovens, which have different properties depending on the composition of the starting materials and the subsequent processing.
  • Centrifugal spinning processes have been known for many years. They have their origins in glass fiber production and have also been used for processing polymer materials for some time. Processes for producing nonwoven fabrics are described, for example, in the documents EP 0 071 085 A1, EP 0 168 817 A2, DE 31 05 784 A1, DE 3 215 810 C2, DE 3 801 080 A1, US 4,277,436.
  • a polymer granulate is usually melted in an extruder and conveyed under an excess pressure of up to 200 bar into a spinning rotor rotating at 3,000 to 11,000 rpm, which is electrically heated by heating elements.
  • the threads emerging radially from the spinning rotor are then deflected and consolidated on a conveyor belt to form a flat structure and deposited.
  • the processes for depositing the fine nonwoven threads as a nonwoven are often very complicated and expensive, as described, for example, in DE-PS 3 215 810 C2. If the threads are passed through a liquid cooling medium, subsequent drying of the material webs is even necessary.
  • a discharge occurs after a relatively short period of use of the filter element and thus a noticeably lower filter effect.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a method such that filter elements made of nonwoven fabrics are still provided with filter-effective charges even after a long period of use.
  • This object is achieved in that the threads are acted upon after they emerge from the spinning rotor and while still sticky with an air flow and that solid particles are sprinkled into the air flow before they strike the threads.
  • the solid particles that are scattered into the air flow before they hit the threads enter into a connection with the still sticky surface, the threads emerging from the spinning rotor.
  • these particles consist of different materials. Barium titanate particles, for example, are dipoles that form agglomerates at room temperature and thus neutralize their charge. If the particles are heated to temperatures above 120 ° C by means of the air flow, they lose their charge. In this state, the particles reach the air flow in an even distribution facing, still plastic fiber surface and stick to the fiber.
  • This pretzel stick effect has the advantage that no separate adhesive is used which negatively influences the filtering effect of the fabric. As the size of the applied particles increases, the filter effect of the nonwoven fabric is further improved.
  • the threads are exposed to ionizing radiation immediately after their exposure to the particles. Due to the ionizing radiation, filter-effective charges form on the particle-loaded fibers, which remain effective even after long filter use.
  • the threads can be continuously and progressively deposited on a carrier fleece.
  • the suction box which can be arranged in a ring around the spinning rotor and also surrounds the carrier and cover material, ensures that the material webs are coated with the charge-carrying, particle-laden threads.
  • the fabric sheets are then laminated by pairs of rollers and can be rolled up on a winding station.
  • the invention relates to a device comprising a spinning rotor with outlet openings which can be rotated about its axis and first auxiliary means which can be moved parallel to the axis for continuously collecting the threads emerging from the outlet openings.
  • a device for producing spunbonded nonwovens should be simple in construction, work reliably and largely maintenance-free and at the same time be able to process the most varied of starting products to form as many end products as possible.
  • Centrifugal spinning devices have also been known for many years and are explained in the documents EP 0 071 085 A1, EP 0 168 817 A2, DE 3 105 784 A1, DE 3 215 810 C2, DE 3 801 080 A1, US 4,277,436.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a device such that it can be used to produce a nonwoven fabric which is also provided with filter-effective charges even after a long period of use as a filter element.
  • a second aid for the continuous supply of a gas is assigned as well as a third aid for the continuous feeding of solid particles into the gas.
  • the second and third aids are assigned to the spinning rotor axially so close that the hot gas particle mixture is conveyed to the still sticky threads at the outlet openings by the boundary layer flow which is generated on the circumference of the spinning rotor by its rotation.
  • the spinning rotor can be preceded in the axial direction by an annular nozzle which has an exit direction facing the outer circumference of the spinning rotor.
  • the particle store according to claim 6 can also be arranged in front of the spinning rotor in the axial direction and has, for example, an outlet opening that opens into the ring nozzle.
  • This arrangement of particle storage and ring nozzle proves to be particularly advantageous. It enables compact dimensions of the device and unproblematic introduction of the particles into the hot gas stream. Acting on the gas in the boundary layer flow with particles that are added outside of the ring nozzle is structurally significantly more complex and problematic because of the required uniform distribution of the particles over the circumference of the spinning rotor.
  • the cross section of the outlet opening of the particle container is variable.
  • the amount of particles supplied to the hot gas can thus be varied at any time without great effort.
  • a wide range of particles can then be processed in terms of size and shape in the system.
  • the spinning rotor according to claim 8 is radially enclosed by corona elements for electrostatic charging of the threads, and the corona elements are the radial plane of the
  • Claims 9 and 10 relate to the corona elements which, according to claim 9, have an annular design and, based on the spinning rotor, can be fixed in place according to claim 10. Due to the annular shape and the fixed bearing, imbalances in the device are excluded even at high speeds of the spinning head. In addition, there are no rotating inertial forces in the case of stationary corona elements. Speed changes and corrections of the spinning rotor can be carried out faster and more precisely.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic arrangement of the device according to the invention.
  • the covering material 15 see FIG. 3
  • the upper part of the suction box 5 are not shown.
  • the rotation of the spinning head 1 exerts a centrifugal force on the polymer melt in the spinning head 1.
  • the melt accumulates on the inner circumference of the spinning head 1 in front of the nozzles 3 and is pressed through the nozzles 3 as a function of the speed 4 of the spinning head 1 (and thus as a function of the centrifugal force) and the viscosity of the melt.
  • the large number of still plastic threads 10 emerging from the nozzles 3 is greatly stretched by the braking effect of the air, the centrifugal force and the mass inertia.
  • Carrier 14 and cover material 15 move past the nozzles 3 in the axial direction of the spinning head 1.
  • the spinning head 1 is radially enclosed by the carrier 14 and cover material 15.
  • the threads are progressively brought to rest on the carrier 14 and the covering fleece 15 after they have solidified.
  • the two material webs coated with the fine fiber nonwoven 16 are laminated in the nip 6 and can be wound up by a winding station, not shown in the drawing.
  • FIG. 2 shows a spinning head 1 with an at least one-row nozzle ring 7 and the drive shaft 2.
  • a hot gas particle mixture 9 is applied to the rotating spinning rotor 1 through an annular nozzle 8, which is arranged in front of the spinning rotor 1 in the axial direction and has an outlet opening facing the outer circumference of the spinning rotor 1 blown.
  • the rotating spinning rotor 1 generates a boundary layer flow on its surface, as a result of which the hot gas particle mixture 9 arrives at the still plastic threads 10 emerging from the nozzles 3.
  • the particles of the hot gas particle mixture 9 stick to the surface of the threads 10.
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of the filter material according to the invention.
  • a layer of fine-fiber nonwoven fabric 16 is embedded between a carrier 14 and cover material 15.
  • the particles 17 are shown on the fine-fiber nonwoven fabric 16.
  • the filter-effective charges, which remain effective even after prolonged use of the filter due to the dipole effect of the particles 17, are applied to the fine-fiber nonwoven 16, 17 which is loaded with particles.
  • FIG 4 a fiber made of polymeric material is shown schematically on a greatly enlarged scale.
  • the particles 17 located on the fiber surface bring about good usage properties over a long period of use.
  • FIG. 5 shows a greatly enlarged detail from the fiber of FIG. 4.
  • the particles 17, which are not arranged as agglomerates, but separately on the fiber surface, can be clearly seen.
  • the particles 17 are firmly adhered to the surface of the fibers without impairing the effective filter surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)

Abstract

A method and device for producing a textile fabric in which a melt of a polymer material is converted to the shape of threads (10) with the aid of a spinning centrifuge (1). The still sticky threads (10) are acted upon by a device (8) with a mixture of hot gas particles (9) and are subsequently ionised in an electrical high voltage field (11) to prolong the efficiency of the filter effect. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines textilen Flächengebildes, bei dem eine Schmelze eines polymeren Werkstoffes mit Hilfe eines Spinnrotors in die Gestalt von Fäden überführt wird und bei dem die Fäden nachfolgend zu einem Flächengebilde vereint und verfestigt werden.The invention relates to a method for producing a textile fabric, in which a melt of a polymeric material is converted into the shape of threads with the aid of a spinning rotor, and in which the threads are subsequently combined and solidified to form a fabric.

Spinnvliesverfahren ermöglichen die Herstellung von Feinstfaservliesstoffen, die je nach Zusammensetzung der Ausgangsmaterialien und der anschließenden Bearbeitung unterschiedliche Stoffeigenschaften aufweisen.Spunbonded processes enable the production of fine fiber nonwovens, which have different properties depending on the composition of the starting materials and the subsequent processing.

Zentrifugalspinnverfahren sind seit vielen Jahren bekannt. Sie haben ihren Ursprung in der Glasfaserproduktion und werden seit einiger Zeit auch zur Verarbeitung polymerer Werkstoffe eingesetzt. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faservliesstoffen sind beispielsweise in den Schriften EP 0 071 085 A1, EP 0 168 817 A2, DE 31 05 784 A1, DE 3 215 810 C2, DE 3 801 080 A1, US 4,277,436 erläutert.Centrifugal spinning processes have been known for many years. They have their origins in glass fiber production and have also been used for processing polymer materials for some time. Processes for producing nonwoven fabrics are described, for example, in the documents EP 0 071 085 A1, EP 0 168 817 A2, DE 31 05 784 A1, DE 3 215 810 C2, DE 3 801 080 A1, US 4,277,436.

Bei diesen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faservliesstoffen aus synthetischem Material wird ein Polymergranulat zumeist in einem Extruder aufgeschmolzen und unter einem Überdruck von bis zu 200 bar in einen mit 3 000 bis 11 000 U/min rotierenden Spinnrotor gefördert, der durch Heizelemente elektrisch beheizt wird. Die aus dem Spinnrotor radial austretenden Fäden werden anschließend umgelenkt und auf einem Förderband zu einem Flächengebilde verfestigt und abgelegt. Dabei sind die Verfahren, um die feinen Faservliesfäden als Vliesstoff abzulegen, oft sehr kompliziert und aufwendig, wie beispielsweise in der DE-PS 3 215 810 C2 beschrieben. Werden die Fäden durch ein flüssiges Kühlmedium geführt, ist sogar zusätzlich eine anschließende Trocknung der Warenbahnen erforderlich.
Bei den bisher bekannten Verfahren, Faservliesstoffe zu Filterzwecken statisch aufzuladen, tritt nach relativ kurzer Gebrauchsdauer des Filterelementes eine Entladung und somit eine merklich geringere Filterwirkung ein.In these processes for the production of nonwoven fabrics from synthetic material, a polymer granulate is usually melted in an extruder and conveyed under an excess pressure of up to 200 bar into a spinning rotor rotating at 3,000 to 11,000 rpm, which is electrically heated by heating elements. The threads emerging radially from the spinning rotor are then deflected and consolidated on a conveyor belt to form a flat structure and deposited. The processes for depositing the fine nonwoven threads as a nonwoven are often very complicated and expensive, as described, for example, in DE-PS 3 215 810 C2. If the threads are passed through a liquid cooling medium, subsequent drying of the material webs is even necessary.
In the previously known methods of statically charging nonwoven fabrics for filter purposes, a discharge occurs after a relatively short period of use of the filter element and thus a noticeably lower filter effect.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren derart weiterzuentwickeln, daß Filterelemente aus Faservliesstoffen auch nach längerer Gebrauchsdauer noch mit filterwirksamen Ladungen versehen sind.The invention has for its object to further develop a method such that filter elements made of nonwoven fabrics are still provided with filter-effective charges even after a long period of use.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Fäden nach ihrem Austreten aus dem Spinnrotor und in noch klebrigem Zustand mit einer Luftströmung beaufschlagt werden und daß in die Luftströmung vor ihrem Auftreffen auf die Fäden feste Partikel eingestreut werden.
Die festen Partikel, die der Luftströmung vor ihrem Auftreffen auf die Fäden eingestreut werden, gehen mit der noch klebrigen Oberfläche, der aus dem Spinnrotor austretenden Fäden, eine Verbindung ein. Diese Partikel bestehen, je nach Verwendungszweck des Filterelementes, aus unterschiedlichen Materialien. Bariumtitanatpartikel beispielsweise sind Dipole, die bei Raumtemperatur Agglomerate bilden und damit ihre Ladung neutralisieren. Erwärmt man die Partikel mit Hilfe der Luftströmung auf Temperaturen von über 120° C, verlieren sie ihre Ladung. In diesem Zustand gelangen die Partikel in gleichmäßiger Verteilung auf die der Luftströmung zugewandte, noch plastische Faseroberfläche und verkleben mit der Faser. Dieser Salzstangeneffekt weist den Vorteil auf, daß kein separater Klebstoff zur Amwendung gelangt, der die Filterwirkung des Flächengebildes negativ beeinflußt. Mit zunehmender Größe der aufgebrachten Partikel wird die Filterwirkung des Faservlieses weiter verbessert.This object is achieved in that the threads are acted upon after they emerge from the spinning rotor and while still sticky with an air flow and that solid particles are sprinkled into the air flow before they strike the threads.
The solid particles that are scattered into the air flow before they hit the threads enter into a connection with the still sticky surface, the threads emerging from the spinning rotor. Depending on the intended use of the filter element, these particles consist of different materials. Barium titanate particles, for example, are dipoles that form agglomerates at room temperature and thus neutralize their charge. If the particles are heated to temperatures above 120 ° C by means of the air flow, they lose their charge. In this state, the particles reach the air flow in an even distribution facing, still plastic fiber surface and stick to the fiber. This pretzel stick effect has the advantage that no separate adhesive is used which negatively influences the filtering effect of the fabric. As the size of the applied particles increases, the filter effect of the nonwoven fabric is further improved.

Nach Anspruch 2 sind die Fäden unmittelbar nach ihrer Beaufschlagung mit den Partikeln einer ionisierenden Bestrahlung ausgesetzt. Durch die ionisierende Bestrahlung bilden sich auf den partikelbeaufschlagten Fasern filterwirksame Ladungen, die auch nach längerem Filtereinsatz wirksam bleiben.According to claim 2, the threads are exposed to ionizing radiation immediately after their exposure to the particles. Due to the ionizing radiation, filter-effective charges form on the particle-loaded fibers, which remain effective even after long filter use.

Die Fäden können nach ihrer Formgebung und Verfestigung gemäß Anspruch 3 kontinuierlich fortschreitend auf einem Trägervlies zur Ablage gebracht werden. Der Saugkasten, der ringförmig um den Spinnrotor angeordnet sein kann und auch das Träger- und Abdeckmaterial umschließt, sorgt für eine Beschichtung der Stoffbahnen mit den ladungstragenden, partikelbehafteten Fäden. Die Stoffbahnen werden anschließend durch Walzenpaare laminiert und können auf einer Wickelstation aufgerollt werden.After their shaping and solidification, the threads can be continuously and progressively deposited on a carrier fleece. The suction box, which can be arranged in a ring around the spinning rotor and also surrounds the carrier and cover material, ensures that the material webs are coated with the charge-carrying, particle-laden threads. The fabric sheets are then laminated by pairs of rollers and can be rolled up on a winding station.

Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung, umfassend einen in eine Drehbewegung um seine Achse versetzbaren Spinnrotor mit Austrittsöffnungen und parallel zu der Achse bewegbare, erste Hilfsmittel zum kontinuierlichen Auffangen der aus den Austrittsöffnungen austretenden Fäden.In addition, the invention relates to a device comprising a spinning rotor with outlet openings which can be rotated about its axis and first auxiliary means which can be moved parallel to the axis for continuously collecting the threads emerging from the outlet openings.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Spinnvliesstoffen sollte einfach im Aufbau sein, zuverlässig und weitgehend wartungsfrei arbeiten und gleichzeitig die unterschiedlichsten Ausgangsprodukte zu möglichst vielen Endprodukten verarbeiten können.A device for producing spunbonded nonwovens should be simple in construction, work reliably and largely maintenance-free and at the same time be able to process the most varied of starting products to form as many end products as possible.

Zentrifugalspinnvorrichtungen sind ebenfalls seit vielen Jahren bekannt und in den Schriften EP 0 071 085 A1, EP 0 168 817 A2, DE 3 105 784 A1, DE 3 215 810 C2, DE 3 801 080 A1, US 4,277,436 erklärt.Centrifugal spinning devices have also been known for many years and are explained in the documents EP 0 071 085 A1, EP 0 168 817 A2, DE 3 105 784 A1, DE 3 215 810 C2, DE 3 801 080 A1, US 4,277,436.

Bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Vorrichtungen ist allerdings zu beachten, daß durch den hohen Druck, mit dem die Schmelze zumeist in den Spinnrotor gefördert wird, eine Dichtung zwischen den stillstehenden und den bewegten Teilen nötig ist. Bei der Dichtung handelt es sich um ein Verschleißteil, das bei einer Beschädigung zu Ausfallzeiten der gesamten Anlage führen kann. Selbst Zentrifugalspinnvliesvorrichtungen, bei denen der aufgeschmolzene polymere Werkstoff weitgehend drucklos in den Spinnrotor gefördert wird, sind nicht so ausgelegt, daß der hergestellte Vliesstoff, der zu Filterzwecken benutzt werden kann, auf annähernd unbegrenzte Zeit statisch aufladbar ist.In the devices known from the prior art, however, it should be noted that the high pressure with which the melt is usually conveyed into the spinning rotor necessitates a seal between the stationary and the moving parts. The seal is a wearing part that can lead to downtime of the entire system if damaged. Even centrifugal spunbonded devices in which the melted polymeric material is conveyed largely without pressure into the spinning rotor are not designed so that the nonwoven fabric produced, which can be used for filtering purposes, can be statically charged for an almost unlimited time.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung derart weiterzuentwickeln, daß durch sie ein Vliesstoff herstellbar wird, der auch nach längerer Gebrauchsdauer als Filterelement noch mit filterwirksamen Ladungen versehen ist.The invention has for its object to further develop a device such that it can be used to produce a nonwoven fabric which is also provided with filter-effective charges even after a long period of use as a filter element.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß dem Spinnrotor ein zweites Hilfsmittel zur kontinuierlichen Zuführung eines Gases zu den Austrittsöffnungen axial benachbart zugeordnet ist sowie ein drittes Hilfsmittel zur kontinuierlichen Einspeisung fester Partikel in das Gas.
Das zweite und das dritte Hilfsmittel sind dem Spinnrotor axial so nahe zugeordnet, daß das Heißgaspartikelgemisch durch die Grenzschichtströmung, die am Umfang des Spinnrotors durch seine Rotation erzeugt wird, zu den noch klebrigen Fäden an den Austrittsöffnungen gefördert wird.This object is achieved in that the spinning rotor axially adjacent to the outlet openings a second aid for the continuous supply of a gas is assigned as well as a third aid for the continuous feeding of solid particles into the gas.
The second and third aids are assigned to the spinning rotor axially so close that the hot gas particle mixture is conveyed to the still sticky threads at the outlet openings by the boundary layer flow which is generated on the circumference of the spinning rotor by its rotation.

Nach Anspruch 5 kann dem Spinnrotor in axialer Richtung eine Ringdüse vorgelagert sein, die eine, dem Außenumfang des Spinnrotors zugewandte Austrittsrichtung hat.
Dadurch wird das heiße Gas mit den darin enthaltenen Partikeln durch eine, vom Spinnrotor erzeugte Grenzschichtströmung entlang des Außenumfangs des Spinnrotors zu den noch plastischen Fäden gefördert.According to claim 5, the spinning rotor can be preceded in the axial direction by an annular nozzle which has an exit direction facing the outer circumference of the spinning rotor.
As a result, the hot gas with the particles contained therein is conveyed to the still plastic threads by a boundary layer flow generated by the spinning rotor along the outer circumference of the spinning rotor.

Der Partikelspeicher nach Anspruch 6 kann dem Spinnrotor ebenfalls in axialer Richtung vorgelagert sein und hat beispielsweise eine in die Ringdüse mündende Austrittsöffnung.
Diese Anordnung von Partikelspeicher und Ringdüse erweist sich als besonders vorteilhaft. Sie ermöglicht kompakte Abmessungen der Vorrichtung und ein unproblematisches Einbringen der Partikel in den Heißgasstrom. Eine Beaufschlagung des in der Grenzschichtströmung befindlichen Gases mit Partikeln, die außerhalb der Ringdüse zugesetzt werden, ist konstruktiv bedeutend aufwendiger und wegen der geforderten gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Partikel über den Umfang des Spinnrotors problematisch.The particle store according to claim 6 can also be arranged in front of the spinning rotor in the axial direction and has, for example, an outlet opening that opens into the ring nozzle.
This arrangement of particle storage and ring nozzle proves to be particularly advantageous. It enables compact dimensions of the device and unproblematic introduction of the particles into the hot gas stream. Acting on the gas in the boundary layer flow with particles that are added outside of the ring nozzle is structurally significantly more complex and problematic because of the required uniform distribution of the particles over the circumference of the spinning rotor.

Nach Anspruch 7 ist es zweckmäßig, daS der Querschnitt der Austrittsöffnung des Partikelbehälters veränderbar ist. Die dem Heißgas zugeführte Partikelmenge kann so jederzeit ohne großen Aufwand variiert werden. In der Anlage können dann die unterschiedlichsten Partikel hinsichtlich Größe und Form verarbeitet werden.According to claim 7, it is expedient that the cross section of the outlet opening of the particle container is variable. The amount of particles supplied to the hot gas can thus be varied at any time without great effort. A wide range of particles can then be processed in terms of size and shape in the system.

Der Spinnrotor nach Anspruch 8 ist zur elektrostatischen Aufladung der Fäden von Koronaelementen radial umschlossen, und die Koronaelemente sind der Radialebene derThe spinning rotor according to claim 8 is radially enclosed by corona elements for electrostatic charging of the threads, and the corona elements are the radial plane of the

Austrittsöffnungen axial beiderseits benachbart zugeordnet. Sobald die Fäden aus dem Spinnrotor austreten, werden sie durch ein Hochspannungsfeld geführt und ihre Ladungsträger richten sich aus. Anschließend befindet sich auf den Fäden eine filterwirksame Ladung, die auch nach längerem Filtereinsatz wirksam bleibt.Exit openings axially adjacent on both sides. As soon as the threads emerge from the spinning rotor, they are passed through a high-voltage field and their charge carriers align. Then there is a filter-effective charge on the threads, which remains effective even after long filter use.

Die Ansprüche 9 und 10 beziehen sich auf die Koronaelemente, die nach Anspruch 9 ringförmig gestaltet und, bezogen auf den Spinnrotor, nach Anspruch 10 ortsfest gelagert sein können. Durch die ringförmige Gestalt und die ortsfeste Lagerung sind auch bei hohen Drehzahlen des Spinnkopfes Unwuchten in der Vorrichtung ausgeschlossen. Außerdem treten bei ortsfesten Koronaelementen keine rotierenden Massenträgheitskräfte auf. Drehzahländerungen und -korrekturen des Spinnrotors lassen sich dadurch schneller und exakter durchführen.Claims 9 and 10 relate to the corona elements which, according to claim 9, have an annular design and, based on the spinning rotor, can be fixed in place according to claim 10. Due to the annular shape and the fixed bearing, imbalances in the device are excluded even at high speeds of the spinning head. In addition, there are no rotating inertial forces in the case of stationary corona elements. Speed changes and corrections of the spinning rotor can be carried out faster and more precisely.

Zur Erläuterung der Erfindung werden im folgenden die schematisch dargestellten Figuren 1 bis 5 näher beschrieben.

  • Figur 1 zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Figur 2 einen zur Anwendung gelangenden Spinnkopf,
  • Figur 3 den Aufbau des Filtermaterials,
  • Figur 4 eine stark vergrößert dargestellte Faser mit auf der Oberfläche angeordneten Bariumtitanatpartikeln,
  • Figur 5 eine Vergrößerung aus Figur 4, wobei die Bariumtitanatpartikel schematisch auf der Faseroberfläche dargestellt sind.
To illustrate the invention, the schematically illustrated Figures 1 to 5 are described in more detail below.
  • FIG. 1 shows the device according to the invention in a schematic illustration,
  • FIG. 2 shows a spinning head used,
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of the filter material,
  • FIG. 4 shows a greatly enlarged fiber with barium titanate particles arranged on the surface,
  • Figure 5 is an enlargement of Figure 4, the barium titanate particles are shown schematically on the fiber surface.

Figur 1 zeigt die schematische Anordnung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Zur anschaulichen Darstellung der Vorrichtung ist das Abdeckmaterial 15 (siehe Figur 3) und der obere Teil des Saugkastens 5 nicht dargestellt.
Durch die Rotation des Spinnkopfes 1 wird auf die Polymerschmelze im Spinnkopf 1 eine Zentrifugalkraft ausgeübt. Die Schmelze lagert sich am Innenumfang des Spinnkopfes 1 vor den Düsen 3 an und wird in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl 4 des Spinnkopfes 1 (und damit in Abhängigkeit von der Zentrifugalkraft) und der Viskosität der Schmelze durch die Düsen 3 ins Freie gedrückt. Die Vielzahl der aus den Düsen 3 austretenden noch plastischen Fäden 10 wird durch die Bremswirkung der Luft, die Zentrifugalkraft und die eigene Massenträgheit, stark verstreckt.
In axialer Richtung zum Spinnkopf 1 bewegen sich Träger 14- und Abdeckmaterial 15 an den Düsen 3 vorbei. Der Spinnkopf 1 ist von Träger 14- und Abdeckmaterial 15 radial umschlossen. Durch einen Saugkasten 5 werden die Fäden nach ihrer Verfestigung kontinuierlich fortschreitend auf dem Träger 14- und dem Abdeckvlies 15 zur Ablage gebracht.
Im Walzenspalt 6 werden die beiden mit dem Feinstfaservliesstoff 16 beschichteten Materialbahnen laminiert und können von einer, in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Wickelstation aufgewickelt werden.Figure 1 shows the schematic arrangement of the device according to the invention. To illustrate the device, the covering material 15 (see FIG. 3) and the upper part of the suction box 5 are not shown.
The rotation of the spinning head 1 exerts a centrifugal force on the polymer melt in the spinning head 1. The melt accumulates on the inner circumference of the spinning head 1 in front of the nozzles 3 and is pressed through the nozzles 3 as a function of the speed 4 of the spinning head 1 (and thus as a function of the centrifugal force) and the viscosity of the melt. The large number of still plastic threads 10 emerging from the nozzles 3 is greatly stretched by the braking effect of the air, the centrifugal force and the mass inertia.
Carrier 14 and cover material 15 move past the nozzles 3 in the axial direction of the spinning head 1. The spinning head 1 is radially enclosed by the carrier 14 and cover material 15. By means of a suction box 5, the threads are progressively brought to rest on the carrier 14 and the covering fleece 15 after they have solidified.
The two material webs coated with the fine fiber nonwoven 16 are laminated in the nip 6 and can be wound up by a winding station, not shown in the drawing.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Spinnkopf 1 mit einem mindestens einreihigen Düsenring 7 und die Antriebswelle 2. Durch eine, dem Spinnrotor 1 in axialer Richtung vorgelagerten Ringdüse 8, die eine dem Außenumfang des Spinnrotors 1 zugewandte Austrittsöffnung hat, wird ein Heißgaspartikelgemisch 9 auf den rotierenden Spinnrotor 1 geblasen. Der rotierende Spinnrotor 1 erzeugt eine Grenzschichtströmung an seiner Oberfläche, wodurch das Heißgaspartikelgemisch 9 an die, aus den Düsen 3 austretenden, noch plastischen Fäden 10 gelangt. Die Partikel des Heißgaspartikelgemisches 9 verkleben mit der Oberfläche der Fäden 10.
Unmittelbar nach der Beaufschlagung der Fäden 10 mit den Partikeln 17 fliegen diese durch ein Hochspannungsfeld 11, das durch das Anlegen einer Spannung an die Koronaelemente 12 und 13 entsteht.FIG. 2 shows a spinning head 1 with an at least one-row nozzle ring 7 and the drive shaft 2. A hot gas particle mixture 9 is applied to the rotating spinning rotor 1 through an annular nozzle 8, which is arranged in front of the spinning rotor 1 in the axial direction and has an outlet opening facing the outer circumference of the spinning rotor 1 blown. The rotating spinning rotor 1 generates a boundary layer flow on its surface, as a result of which the hot gas particle mixture 9 arrives at the still plastic threads 10 emerging from the nozzles 3. The particles of the hot gas particle mixture 9 stick to the surface of the threads 10.
Immediately after the threads 10 are loaded with the particles 17, they fly through a high-voltage field 11, which is created by applying a voltage to the corona elements 12 and 13.

Dadurch wird eine elektrostatische Ladung auf die partikelbeaufschlagten Fäden gebracht. Die aufgeladenen, partikelbeaufschlagten Fäden werden von einem Saugstrom, der durch einen radial um den Spinnkopf 1 angeordneten Saugkasten erzeugt wird, auf das Träger 14- und das Abdeckmaterial 15 gesaugt und dort zur Ablage gebracht.As a result, an electrostatic charge is applied to the threads exposed to the particles. The charged, particle-loaded threads are sucked by a suction stream, which is generated by a suction box arranged radially around the spinning head 1, onto the carrier 14 and the covering material 15 and brought there to be deposited.

Figur 3 zeigt den Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Filtermaterials. Eingebettet zwischen einem Träger 14- und Abdeckmaterial 15 befindet sich eine Schicht Feinstfaservliesstoff 16. Auf dem Feinstfaservliesstoff 16 sind die Partikel 17 dargestellt. Die filterwirksamen Ladungen, die durch den Dipoleffekt der Partikel 17 auch nach längerem Filtereinsatz wirksam bleiben, sind auf dem partikelbeaufschlagten Feinstfaservliesstoff 16, 17 aufgebracht.Figure 3 shows the structure of the filter material according to the invention. A layer of fine-fiber nonwoven fabric 16 is embedded between a carrier 14 and cover material 15. The particles 17 are shown on the fine-fiber nonwoven fabric 16. The filter-effective charges, which remain effective even after prolonged use of the filter due to the dipole effect of the particles 17, are applied to the fine-fiber nonwoven 16, 17 which is loaded with particles.

In Figur 4 ist eine Faser aus polymerem Werkstoff in stark vergrößertem Maßstab schematisch dargestellt. Die auf der Faseroberfläche befindlichen Partikel 17 bewirken gute Gebrauchseigenschaften während einer langen Gebrauchsdauer.In Figure 4, a fiber made of polymeric material is shown schematically on a greatly enlarged scale. The particles 17 located on the fiber surface bring about good usage properties over a long period of use.

Figur 5 zeigt einen stark vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus der Faser von Figur 4. In dieser Figur sind die Partikel 17, die nicht als Agglomerate, sondern separiert auf der Faseroberfläche angeordnet sind, deutlich zu erkennen. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sind die Partikel 17 festhaftend mit der Oberfläche der Fasern verbunden, ohne die wirksame Filterfläche zu beeinträchtigen.FIG. 5 shows a greatly enlarged detail from the fiber of FIG. 4. In this figure, the particles 17, which are not arranged as agglomerates, but separately on the fiber surface, can be clearly seen. By means of the method according to the invention, the particles 17 are firmly adhered to the surface of the fibers without impairing the effective filter surface.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines textilen Flächengebildes, bei dem eine Schmelze eines polymeren Werkstoffes mit Hilfe eines Spinnrotors in die Gestalt von Fäden überführt wird und bei dem die Fäden nachfolgend zu einem Flächengebilde vereint und verfestigt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden (10) nach ihrem Austreten aus dem Spinnrotor (1) und in noch klebrigem Zustand mit einer Luftströmung beaufschlagt werden und daß in die Luftströmung vor ihrem Auftreffen auf die Fäden (10) feste Partikel (17) eingestreut werden.Process for the production of a textile fabric, in which a melt of a polymeric material is converted into the shape of threads with the aid of a spinning rotor and in which the threads are subsequently combined and solidified to form a fabric, characterized in that the threads (10) according to their Leaving from the spinning rotor (1) and while still sticky, an air flow is applied and that solid particles (17) are sprinkled into the air flow before it hits the threads (10). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden (10) unmittelbar nach ihrer Beaufschlagung mit den Partikeln (17) einer ionisierenden Bestrahlung ausgesetzt werden.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the threads (10) are exposed to ionizing radiation immediately after they have been exposed to the particles (17). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden (10) nach ihrer Formgebung und Verfestigung kontinuierlich fortschreitend auf einem Trägervlies (14, 15) zur Ablage gebracht werden.Method according to Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the threads (10) are brought to a steady progressive position on a carrier fleece (14, 15) after their shaping and consolidation. Vorrichtung zur Verwendung bei einem Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, umfassend einen in eine Drehbewegung um seine Achse versetzbaren Spinnrotor mit Austrittsöffnungen und parallel zu der Achse bewegbare, erste Hilfsmittel zum kontinuierlichen Auffangen der aus den Austrittsöffnungen austretenden Fäden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Spinnrotor (1) ein zweites Hilfsmittel zur kontinuierlichen Zuführung eines Gases zu den Austrittsöffnungen axial benachbart zugeordnet ist sowie ein drittes Hilfsmittel zur kontinuierlichen Einspeisung fester Partikel (17) in das Gas.Device for use in a method according to claims 1 to 3, comprising a spinning rotor which can be rotated about its axis and has outlet openings and first auxiliary means which can be moved parallel to the axis, for continuously collecting the threads emerging from the outlet openings, characterized in that the spinning rotor ( 1) a second auxiliary means for the continuous supply of a gas to the outlet openings is axially adjacent and a third auxiliary means for the continuous feeding of solid particles (17) into the gas. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Hilfsmittel aus einer dem Spinnrotor (1) in axialer Richtung vorgelagerten Ringdüse (8) besteht und daß die Ringdüse (8) eine dem Außenumfang des Spinnrotors (1) zugewandte Austrittsrichtung hat.Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the second aid consists of an annular nozzle (8) upstream of the spinning rotor (1) in the axial direction and that the annular nozzle (8) has an exit direction facing the outer circumference of the spinning rotor (1). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das dritte Hilfsmittel aus einem dem Spinnrotor (1) in axialer Richtung vorgelagerten Partikelspeicher (18) besteht und daß der Partikelspeicher (18) eine in die Ringdüse mündende Austrittsöffnung hat.Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the third aid consists of a particle store (18) upstream of the spinning rotor (1) in the axial direction and that the particle store (18) has an outlet opening which opens into the ring nozzle. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt der Austrittsöffnung des Partikelspeichers (18) veränderbar ist.Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the cross section of the outlet opening of the particle store (18) is variable. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spinnrotor (1) zur elektrostatischen Aufladung der Fäden (10) von Koronaelementen (12, 13) radial umschlossen ist und daß die Koronaelemente (12, 13) der Radialebene der Austrittsöffnungen axial beiderseits benachbart zugeordnet sind.Apparatus according to claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the spinning rotor (1) for the electrostatic charging of the threads (10) is radially enclosed by corona elements (12, 13) and in that the corona elements (12, 13) are axially adjacent to the radial plane of the outlet openings on both sides assigned. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Koronaelemente (12, 13) ringförmig gestaltet sind.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the corona elements (12, 13) are annular. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Koronaelemente (12, 13), bezogen auf den Spinnrotor (1), ortsfest gelagert sind.Apparatus according to claims 8 to 9, characterized in that the corona elements (12, 13), based on the spinning rotor (1), are fixed in place.
EP93112923A 1992-12-10 1993-08-12 Spinning centrifuge Expired - Lifetime EP0601278B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4241514 1992-12-10
DE4241514A DE4241514C2 (en) 1992-12-10 1992-12-10 Method for producing a sheet loaded with dipoles and device for carrying out the method

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EP0601278A1 true EP0601278A1 (en) 1994-06-15
EP0601278B1 EP0601278B1 (en) 1997-10-15

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JP (1) JP2635924B2 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0601278B1 (en) 1997-10-15
DE4241514C2 (en) 1995-09-07
JP2635924B2 (en) 1997-07-30
JPH06220761A (en) 1994-08-09
US5419794A (en) 1995-05-30
ES2108793T3 (en) 1998-01-01
DE4241514A1 (en) 1994-06-16

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