EP0599363A1 - Zelle - Google Patents

Zelle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0599363A1
EP0599363A1 EP93202985A EP93202985A EP0599363A1 EP 0599363 A1 EP0599363 A1 EP 0599363A1 EP 93202985 A EP93202985 A EP 93202985A EP 93202985 A EP93202985 A EP 93202985A EP 0599363 A1 EP0599363 A1 EP 0599363A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
gas
partition
electrode
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93202985A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mikael Tenfält
Anders Ullman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Permascand AB
Original Assignee
Permascand AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Permascand AB filed Critical Permascand AB
Publication of EP0599363A1 publication Critical patent/EP0599363A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cell for electrolysis where gas is generated, which cell comprises separate anode and cathode compartments separated by an ion-selective membrane.
  • the invention also relates to a method for making a cell according to the invention, and to the use of the cell in electrolysis.
  • electrolytic processes e.g. the production of chlorine and alkali
  • electrolytic processes are often carried out in cells having separate anode and cathode compartments separated by one or more ion-selective membranes.
  • the life time of the membrane is drastically shortened owing to mechanical stress and too high a current density, which may appear locally depending on large concentration gradients in the electrolyte.
  • the membrane For the membrane to function satisfactory, it must also be in permanent contact with liquid, which may be difficult to achieve in electrolytic processes with gas generation, especially with the very short electrode spacings which are aimed at to minimise the consumption of electric current.
  • Chlorine-alkali electrolysis is often performed in two-chamber cells with vertical electrodes, in which the membrane is pressed against the anode by a positive pressure in the cathode compartment.
  • the electrode extends in each chamber as far up as the upper boundary surface of the cell, and the gas-rich liquid produced during the electrolysis leaves the cell through an outlet, whereupon the gas is separated off. Gas bubbles may get stuck between one of the electrodes, especially the anode, and the membrane, this increasing the electrical resistance of the cell and, hence, decreasing current efficiency.
  • Another problem is the migration of hydroxide ions through the membrane into the anode compartment, which give rise to undesired side reactions, unless being quickly rinsed off.
  • electrodes To increase the electrolyte flow between the electrode and the membrane and to promote the removal of gas bubbles, electrodes have been designed which are provided with different types of channels on the surface, as described in EP-A 415 896 and EP-A 533 237
  • Electrolytic cells with internal circulation are also disclosed in EP-A 99 693, EP-A 311 575, and in US patent 5,130,008.
  • the invention aims at solving the problem of providing an efficient membrane cell for electrolysis where gas is generated, while considering the life time of the cell membrane.
  • the invention also solves the problem of enhancing the efficiency of an existing membrane cell by a simple modification.
  • the invention relates to a cell for electrolysis where gas is generated, which cell comprises separate anode and cathode compartments separated by at least one preferably substantially vertical ion-selective membrane.
  • At least one of the anode and cathode compartments of the cell is designed for electrolysis where gas is generated and comprises at least one substantially vertical electrode, the front side of which is facing a membrane, and at least one partition, so as to form at least two substantially vertical channels and a space of larger cross-sectional area located above the partition, of which a first channel for upward transport of gas-rich electrolyte is defined by said partition and the electrode while a second channel for downward transport of gas-deficient electrolyte, as seen from the electrode, is located behind said first channel, said partition being arranged such that gas-rich electrolyte which is transported upwards in said first channel is subjected to a venturi effect so that the main part of the gas is separated off in an area adjacent the upper edge of the electrode and the main part of the electrolyte is recycled downwards
  • the partition should be placed such that the separation of gas from the electrolyte takes place as high up as possible.
  • the upward transport of the gas-rich electrolyte takes place by the gas which is generated during the electrolysis producing an upwardly directed pumping force P h y draul which depends on the height of the channel and on the density difference between gas and liquid, this difference partly depending on the flow velocity.
  • This pumping force must exceed the flow resistance P channel in the channel which depends on the hydraulic diameter thereof, the friction factor of the material, and the flow velocity.
  • the level of separation is determined by the static pressure difference according to the formula:
  • the static pressure difference is directly proportional to the height to which the pumping force is able to transport the liquid and where the separation starts as foaming.
  • the foaming area extends substantially as far up as the upper edge of the electrode, which in most cells means the upper boundary surface of the cell.
  • the optimal location of the partition depends on several parameters, and so the proper position must be tried out in the particular cases by varying the location of the partition both vertically and laterally, and hence the height and cross-section of the channel, so that separation takes place as high up as possible and the desired recirculation is achieved.
  • the electrode suitably comprises through openings so as to be permeable to electrolyte.
  • All known electrodes intended to be arranged vertically can be used.
  • Examples of known electrodes are perforated plate electrodes, electrodes of expanded metal or fine-meshed netting, electrodes comprising longitudinal or transverse rods or slats, and as well as electrodes comprising curved or straight lamellae, which may be vertically or horizontally extended, punched from a common metal sheet, for example louver electrodes.
  • the electrode surface may, but need not, comprise channels for promoting the electrolyte flow on the side facing the membrane.
  • These electrode types are well known and described e.g. in the above-mentioned EP-A 415 896 and EP-A 533 237, as well as in GB Patent Specification 1,324,427.
  • the anode and cathode compartments may also comprise one or more auxiliary electrodes, for example in the form of expanded metal or fine-meshed netting, fixed in and electrically connected to the partition, optionally via spacer means so as to be disposed adjacent the main electrode.
  • auxiliary electrodes for example in the form of expanded metal or fine-meshed netting, fixed in and electrically connected to the partition, optionally via spacer means so as to be disposed adjacent the main electrode.
  • the electrode may be manufactured from metals such as Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Ag, Pt, Ta, Pb, AI or alloys thereof.
  • Ti or Ti alloys are preferred as anode material, while Fe, Ni or alloys thereof are preferred as cathode material.
  • the electrode is suitably activated by a surface coating of a suitable catalytic material, depending on what reactions should be catalysed. Suitable catalytic materials are metals, metal oxides or mixtures thereof from group 8B in the Periodic table, i.e. Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir or Pt, of which Ir and Ru are particularly preferred.
  • An optional auxiliary electrode preferably consists of the same or similar materials as the electrode and is, like the electrode, provided with a suitable catalytic surface coating.
  • the partition is preferably arranged substantially parallel to the electrode and has preferably substantially the same lateral extension. Further, the partition is suitably made of an electrically conductive material and is galvanically connected to the electrode, e.g. by being connected to the same current source, this promoting the current distribution in the cell. An optional auxiliary electrode may have its main current lead-in through the partition. All materials that can be used for the electrode are also suitable for the partition. Preferably, use is made of the same material for the partition as for the electrode, for example titanium. Normally, the partition need not be activated, although it is of course possible.
  • the invention can be applied to electrolytic cells where the anode and the cathode are arranged in separate cell chambers for anolyte and catholyte, respectively. These cell chambers may be arranged beside each other and then be separated only by an ion-selective membrane.
  • a cell may also comprise one or more chambers located between the anode and cathode compartments and separated from these and from each other by ion-selective membranes.
  • Both the anode compartment and the cathode compartment suitably comprise an inlet for electrolyte provided in the bottom, and one or more outlets for gas and non-recycled electrolyte provided in the top.
  • the cells are suitably arranged as separate units, for example in an electrolyser of the filter press type.
  • a cell chamber may comprise one or more channels for ascending gas-rich electrolyte and one or more channels for descending gas-deficient electrolyte.
  • the cell chamber accommodates an electrode and an partition such that the rear channel is defined by the partition and the rear vessel wall of the cell.
  • a cell chamber may also comprise a double-sided electrode, the two sides of which are facing a respective membrane.
  • two partitions are required which together form a centrally located channel for descending gas-deficient electrolyte and which define, together with a respective electrode side, a respective channel for ascending gas-rich electrolyte.
  • Such a cell chamber is normally of substantially symmetrical design.
  • a cell according to the invention may also comprise means for conducting part of the recycled electrolyte in the horizontal direction, for the purpose of further reducing the concentration gradients. This can be achieved by means of guide vanes disposed in the upper part of the cell or by varying the level of the upper edge of the partition in the cell.
  • the partition may comprise means for localised admixture of gas-deficient electrolyte to the channel located closest to the electrode for ascending gas-rich electrolyte, which is advantageous for large electrode surfaces, for example exceeding about 0.5 m 2 , since the concentration gradients in the electrolyte which are detrimental to the membrane can then be reduced.
  • the channel closest to the electrode may be divided into sections at different levels, which are not in contact with each other but open in a common channel located behind for ascending gas-rich electrolyte.
  • the partition may also quite simply have a number of openings admitting gas-deficient electrolyte to the channel closest to the electrode.
  • the upper edge of the partition i.e. where gas separation takes place, may be straight or have recesses in the form of different geometric figures.
  • the upper part of the partition may also comprise openings of different types.
  • the invention also relates to a method for making an electrolytic cell as described above.
  • the method comprises the step of modifying an existing membrane cell having separate anode and cathode compartments separated by at least one preferably substantially vertical ion-selective membrane, at least one of the anode and cathode compartments comprising at least one substantially vertical electrode, the front side of which is facing the membrane.
  • This modification is performed by providing at least one of the anode and cathode compartments with at least one partition so as to form at least two substantially vertical channels and a space of larger cross-sectional area located above the partition, of which a first channel for upward transport of gas-rich electrolyte is defined by the partition and the electrode while a second channel for downward transport of gas-deficient electrolyte, as seen from the electrode, is located behind the first channel, the partition being arranged such that gas-rich electrolyte which is transported upwards in the first channel is subjected to a venturi effect so that the main part of the gas is separated off in an area adjacent the upper edge of the electrode and the main part of the electrolyte is recycled downwards through the second channel.
  • the electrode in the existing cell chamber is comparatively open, for example like certain louver electrodes, it is advantageously made more close by providing its rear side with an auxiliary electrode of e.g. expanded metal or fine-meshed netting. All newly-added parts, such as partitions, auxiliary electrodes and the like, may first be assembled into a unit which is then mounted in the anode and cathode compartments, respectively. In other respects, reference is made to the description of the cell according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method in electrolysis where gas is generated, using a cell according to the invention.
  • the invention it has become possible to considerably increase the flow velocity of the electrolyte through a membrane cell at the same time as the generated gas can be separated from the liquid within the cell but in an area where the effect on the sensitive membrane is at a minimum.
  • the life time of the membrane is extended by reducing the pH-gradient and the concentration gradient in the electrolyte and by raising the liquid level in the electrode gap.
  • By displacing the gas separation zone and shielding it from the electrode gap the formation of bubbles in the membrane induced by uneven current distribution can be reduced, this solving one of the most serious problems inherent in prior-art membrane cells.
  • a special advantage is that existing cells can be easily modified so as to considerably increase their efficiency and the life time of the membrane.
  • the invention can be applied to all electrolytic processes which involve gas generation, usually one or more of oxygen, hydrogen gas and chlorine gas, and which can be carried out in membrane cells having separate anode and cathode compartments.
  • Conceivable processes are the electrolysis of sodium chloride in aqueous solution to chlorine, hydrogen and alkali, or the electrolysis of sodium sulphate in aqueous solution to oxygen, hydrogen, sulphuric acid and alkali.
  • use is generally made of a cell where at least one cell chamber without electrodes is disposed between the anode and cathode compartments.
  • Fig. 1 is a lateral section of a cell with a double-sided electrode
  • Fig. 2 is a front section along A-A
  • Fig. 3 is a top section along B-B
  • Fig. 4 is a lateral section of a cell with a single- sided electrode.
  • Figs 5-7 are front sections of three other cell designs.
  • Figs 8a-8f show different designs of a partition.
  • Fig. 9 is a top section showing a detail of a cell according to another embodiment, while Figs 10 and 11 show details in a lateral section along B-B and A-A.
  • a cell chamber in the form of an anode compartment or a cathode compartment with an inlet 10 for electrolyte disposed in the lower part of one short side, and an outlet 11 for gas and non-recycled liquid disposed in the upper part of the other short side.
  • the cell chamber is of substantially symmetrical design and comprises two main electrodes l a, 1 b of the same polarity, which are preferably interconnected so as to form together a double-sided electrode having a common current lead-in.
  • the electrodes 1 a, 1 have openings (not shown) along the surface so as to be permeable to electrolyte.
  • the cell chamber is defined by two ion-selective membranes 12a, 12b arranged on the front side of and optionally in contact with the respective electrode 1 a, 1 b.
  • the membranes 12a, 12b constitute boundaries to cell chambers (not shown) with electrodes of opposite polarity, or to cell chambers disposed between the anode and cathode compartments.
  • Two partitions 3a, 3b with the same lateral extension as the electrodes 1 a, 1 b are arranged in the cell chamber so as to define two outer channels 4a, 4b for ascending gas-rich electrolyte, as well as an inner channel 5 for descending gas-deficient electrolyte.
  • All the channels 4a, 4b, 5 join in a space 8 above the partitions 3a, 3b, and in a space 9 below these, the spaces 8, 9 comprising substantially the entire cross-sectional area of the cell chamber.
  • Spacer members 7 of substantially circular cross-section are arranged in the channel 5 between the two partitions 3a, 3b and are preferably connected to the same current source as the main electrodes 1 a, 1 b.
  • Auxiliary electrodes 2a, 2b are arranged adjacent the main electrodes 1 a, 1 electrically connected to the spacer members 7 via the partitions 3a, 3b and permeable spacer members 6 which may consist e.g. of expanded metal.
  • the main electrodes 1 a, 1 b as well as the auxiliary electrodes 2a, 2b are activated by a suitable catalytic surface layer.
  • the width of the channels is greatly exaggerated in Figs 1 and 3.
  • the illustrated cell chamber may advantageously function as anode compartment, the two membranes 12a, 12b constituting boundaries to cathode compartments which are located beside the illustrated anode compartment and designed for internal circulation according to the invention, or are of conventional design.
  • the anode compartment is supplied with sodium chloride solution through the inlet 10, the main part of the electrolyte being transported upwards in the outer channels 4a, 4b while a minor part passes between the anodes 1 a, 1 b and the membranes 12a, 12b.
  • a membrane cell for chlorine-alkali electrolysis where the anode compartment is designed according to the embodiment shown in Figs 1-3, operates excellently if the anodes 1 a, 1 b have a width of about 1000 mm and a height of about 300 mm, the height of the areas 8, 9 above and below, respectively, the partitions 3a, 3b being about 25 mm, the distance between the two partitions 3a, 3b being about 3 mm and the distance between the partitions 3a, 3b and the respective anode 1 a, 1 b being about 2 mm.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cell chamber with only one electrode 1 which is defined by a membrane 12 and a vessel wall 13.
  • a partition 3 is arranged so as to define a channel 4 for ascending gas-rich electrolyte closest to the electrode 1 and another channel 5 for descending gas-deficient electrolyte at the vessel wall 13. Otherwise, it operates in the same way as the cell chamber in Figs 1-3.
  • Fig. 5 shows a cell having an inlet 10, two outlets 11, a partition 3, means 7 for supporting the partition 3, and a space 8 above and a space 9 below the partition 3.
  • the upper edge of the partition 3 is highest in the middle, i.e. straight above the inlet 10 of the cell, and lowers stepwise towards the two outlets.
  • the horizontal mixing in the cell is promoted.
  • the distance between the upper and lower edges of the partition 3 may be the same throughout the entire cell while the position of the wall 3 is varied such that the height of the space 9 below the partition 3 is small where the height of the space 8 above the partition 3 is large.
  • the electrode of the cell (not shown) is double-sided, an additional partition should be provided before the illustrated partition 3, the means 7 serving as spacers between two partitions 3.
  • Fig. 6 shows a cell which differs from that of Fig. 5 only by the location of the inlet 10 and the outlet 11 and, as a result thereof, in that the upper edge of the partition 3 is highest at one end and lowest at the other end of the cell.
  • Other features, like the operation, are identical with those of the cell in Fig. 5, to the description of which reference is thus made.
  • Fig. 7 shows a cell similar to that in Fig. 6, except that the partition 3 has the same height along the entire cell, but instead is provided with guide vanes 20 serving to conduct part of the circulating electrolyte in the horizontal direction towards the outlet 11.
  • Figs 8a-8f illustrate different designs of the upper part of a partition 3.
  • the upper edge of the partition 3 is formed with recesses of different shapes, while the partitions 3 shown in Figs 8d-8f are provided with holes of different shapes.
  • Figs 9-11 show an embodiment which is advantageous for very large electrode surfaces. None of the Figures shows the whole cell chamber, but only details thereof.
  • the cell chamber comprises an electrode 1 which is located just behind a membrane (not shown), which together with a rear vessel wall 13 constitutes the boundary surfaces of the chamber. Adjacent the electrode 1, along the entire front side of the cell chamber, extends a channel 4a for ascending gas-rich electrolyte.
  • the channel 4a is divided into sections at different levels, which are not in direct contact with each other but which in their upper parts 15 open into common collecting channels 4c located behind for ascending gas-rich electrolyte. The number of sections depends on the height of the electrode and may, for example, be from about 5 to about 10 per metre.
  • channels 5 for descending gas-deficient electrolyte.
  • the channels 5 comprise means 14 for supplying part of the electrolyte flow therein to each section of the channel 4a closest to the electrode.
  • the boundaries between the channels 4a, 4c, 5 consist of partitions 3a, 3b.
  • the relative positions of the channels 4a, 4c, 5 appear most clearly from Fig. 9 showing a detail of the cell chamber from above.
  • the number of channels 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b located behind the channel 4a closest to the electrode depends on the width thereof and may, for example, be from about 10 to about 30.
  • the top and the bottom of the cell chamber comprises corresponding spaces (not shown) having a larger cross-sectional area as in the embodiments shown in Figs 1-4.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
EP93202985A 1992-11-23 1993-10-26 Zelle Withdrawn EP0599363A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9203514A SE9203514L (sv) 1992-11-23 1992-11-23 Cell
SE9203514 1992-11-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0599363A1 true EP0599363A1 (de) 1994-06-01

Family

ID=20387903

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93202985A Withdrawn EP0599363A1 (de) 1992-11-23 1993-10-26 Zelle

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0599363A1 (de)
CN (1) CN1090340A (de)
BR (1) BR9304749A (de)
CA (1) CA2103216A1 (de)
SE (1) SE9203514L (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0717130A1 (de) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-19 Bayer Ag Druckkompensierte elektrochemische Zelle
EP0960960A1 (de) * 1998-05-11 1999-12-01 CHLORINE ENGINEERS CORP., Ltd. Ionenaustauschermembran Elektrolyser
WO2003048420A2 (en) * 2001-12-05 2003-06-12 Uhdenora Technologies S.R.L. Ion-exchange membrane electrolyser
US6596136B1 (en) 1998-10-30 2003-07-22 Uhdenora Technologies S.R.L. Membrane electrolytic cell with active gas/liquid separation
CN117385384A (zh) * 2023-10-31 2024-01-12 苏州希倍优氢能源科技有限公司 一种具有内部自然循环的电解槽

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102983341A (zh) * 2012-12-31 2013-03-20 刘军 一种具有辅助电极结构的电池电极及其高功率电池

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3647672A (en) * 1967-11-13 1972-03-07 Nautchno Izsledovatelski Inst Electrode with aerolifting and gas-separation effects for electrolysis of solutions of electrolytes
GB1324427A (en) * 1969-12-06 1973-07-25 Nippon Soda Co Electrode assembly for electrolysis cells
EP0052880A1 (de) * 1980-11-24 1982-06-02 Olin Corporation Innerer Ablaufstutzen für die elektrolytische Rezirkulation
EP0383243A2 (de) * 1989-02-13 1990-08-22 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Electrolyse-Vorrichtung für Chlor-Alkali-Electrolyse und Anode
EP0505945A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-30 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Vorrichtung zum Abführen von Gas-Flüssigkeits-Gemischen aus Elektrolysezellen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3647672A (en) * 1967-11-13 1972-03-07 Nautchno Izsledovatelski Inst Electrode with aerolifting and gas-separation effects for electrolysis of solutions of electrolytes
GB1324427A (en) * 1969-12-06 1973-07-25 Nippon Soda Co Electrode assembly for electrolysis cells
EP0052880A1 (de) * 1980-11-24 1982-06-02 Olin Corporation Innerer Ablaufstutzen für die elektrolytische Rezirkulation
EP0383243A2 (de) * 1989-02-13 1990-08-22 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Electrolyse-Vorrichtung für Chlor-Alkali-Electrolyse und Anode
EP0505945A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-30 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Vorrichtung zum Abführen von Gas-Flüssigkeits-Gemischen aus Elektrolysezellen

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0717130A1 (de) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-19 Bayer Ag Druckkompensierte elektrochemische Zelle
US5693202A (en) * 1994-12-12 1997-12-02 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Pressure-compensated electrochemical cell
CN1075567C (zh) * 1994-12-12 2001-11-28 拜尔公司 压力补偿型电化学半电解槽
EP0960960A1 (de) * 1998-05-11 1999-12-01 CHLORINE ENGINEERS CORP., Ltd. Ionenaustauschermembran Elektrolyser
US6200435B1 (en) 1998-05-11 2001-03-13 Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. Ion exchange membrane electrolyzer
US6596136B1 (en) 1998-10-30 2003-07-22 Uhdenora Technologies S.R.L. Membrane electrolytic cell with active gas/liquid separation
WO2003048420A2 (en) * 2001-12-05 2003-06-12 Uhdenora Technologies S.R.L. Ion-exchange membrane electrolyser
WO2003048420A3 (en) * 2001-12-05 2004-01-15 Uhdenora Technologies Srl Ion-exchange membrane electrolyser
CN117385384A (zh) * 2023-10-31 2024-01-12 苏州希倍优氢能源科技有限公司 一种具有内部自然循环的电解槽

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9203514L (sv) 1994-05-24
CN1090340A (zh) 1994-08-03
SE9203514D0 (sv) 1992-11-23
CA2103216A1 (en) 1994-05-24
BR9304749A (pt) 1994-05-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA1169808A (en) Bipolar diaphragm cell with vertical flow channels
DE3051012C2 (de)
FI60038C (fi) Elektrolyscell
JP2739607B2 (ja) 電 極
JP3707778B2 (ja) 塩化アルカリ金属水溶液電解槽用の単位セル
US4664770A (en) Electrolyzer
US5660698A (en) Electrode configuration for gas-forming electrolytic processes in membrane cells or diapragm cells
JPH0657874B2 (ja) 膜型電解槽
EP0599363A1 (de) Zelle
JP3672654B2 (ja) 電気透析装置用の端部ケーシング、このようなケーシングを備えた電気透析装置、およびこの電気透析装置の利用
KR20230039712A (ko) 유니폴라 전기화학 장치에서 사용하기 위한 조합된 전류 캐리어 순환 챔버 및 프레임
HRP920972A2 (hr) Postolje za elektrolizer tipa filtar preša i jednopolni elektrolizer tipa filtar preša
CA1312844C (en) Electrode assembly for gas-producing electrolyzer comprising vertical plate electrodes
US5087344A (en) Electrolysis cell for gas-evolving electrolytic processes
CS221549B2 (en) Electrolyser for electrolysis of liquid electrolyte
US4048046A (en) Electrolytic cell design
US4174259A (en) Electrolytic cell structure and method of assembly
US4329218A (en) Vertical cathode pocket assembly for membrane-type electrolytic cell
CA2082005A1 (en) Electrochemical cell with degassing device
KR910004872B1 (ko) 전해조
JPS5848366Y2 (ja) 陽極室
JPS58217684A (ja) 電極体

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI NL PT SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19941202