EP0598099B1 - Separateur centrifuge - Google Patents

Separateur centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0598099B1
EP0598099B1 EP93913701A EP93913701A EP0598099B1 EP 0598099 B1 EP0598099 B1 EP 0598099B1 EP 93913701 A EP93913701 A EP 93913701A EP 93913701 A EP93913701 A EP 93913701A EP 0598099 B1 EP0598099 B1 EP 0598099B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
liquid
radially
obstacles
separation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93913701A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0598099A1 (fr
Inventor
Leonard Borgström
Patrik Brehmer
Claes-Göran Carlsson
Peter Franzen
Claes Inge
Torgny Lagerstedt
Hans Moberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alfa Laval Separation AB
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Alfa Laval Separation AB
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Publication of EP0598099A1 publication Critical patent/EP0598099A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls
    • B04B1/08—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls of conical shape

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a centrifugal separator to clean a liquid from a substance dispersed therein, which has lower density than the liquid, comprising a rotor rotatable around a rotational axis.
  • the rotor defines an inlet chamber, a separation chamber which is connected to the inlet chamber, and an outlet chamber connected to the separation chamber for a liquid which, during operation, is cleaned from the substance.
  • a stack of several frusto-conical separation discs is arranged coaxially with the rotational axis.
  • the separation discs are provided with distance elements which keep these discs at a distance from each other to form interspaces between adjacent discs.
  • the centrifugal separator also comprises means arranged to conduct liquid and substance dispersed therein during operation from the inlet chamber to a central part of the interspaces in a way such that liquid flows radially outwards in the interspaces.
  • Centrifugal separators of this kind have been known for a long time and an example of such a separator is delineated in US Patent No 902 913.
  • the liquid mixture to be centrifugally treated is normally conducted into the interspaces via supply holes centrally located in the separation discs.
  • the distance elements generally consist of spot-like elements or elements extending radially between the separation discs. If the distance elements consist of spot-like elements, these have no essential influence on the flow in the interspaces. Thereby, the geostrophic flow, which is created upon a so called geostrophic balance in the interspaces will be directed substantially in the circumferential direction. Hereby the radially outwards directed flow of liquid will take place in thin so-called Ekman-layers along the upper- and underside of the separation discs.
  • the radial flow resistance in these interspaces becomes high, which results in the flow being equally distributed between the different interspaces.
  • the minor flow resistance in the circumferential direction means that the flow in each interspace becomes equally distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the fact that the radially outwards directed flow of liquid is distributed in thin Ekman-layers means that the flow velocity in these layers becomes high.
  • Centrifugal separators of this kind are, for instance, used to clean water which is polluted by oil. Until now it has only been possible to achieve a sufficiently good separation result in these centrifugal separators to enable discharge of the cleaned water directly into the sea at low flow rates through the centrifugal separators.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a centrifugal separator of the kind initially described, which has a satisfactory capability of separation at a higher flow capacity than one of hitherto known centrifugal separators upon separation of a liquid and a substance dispersed in the liquid which has a lower density than the liquid.
  • the substance might consist of solid particles or fractions of another liquid having a lower density than the first mentioned liquid.
  • the separation discs have a radially inner zone, which essentially has no obstacles for a primary flow, and a so called geostrophic flow, in circumferential direction.
  • the radial flow of the liquid and of dispersed substance during operation in this zone takes place in very thin layers, so-called Ekman-layers, along the conical surfaces of the discs.
  • the separation discs also have a radially outer zone, which connects with the radially inner zone at its radially outer portion and has such a number of elongated radially extending obstacles for obstructing liquid flow in the circumferential direction that primary flow in this radially outer zone essentially takes place radially outwardly between two adjacent flow obstacle.
  • the flow velocity of the liquid in the radially outer zone becomes lower, which in turn means that the layer of substance that has been accumulated on the radially outwardly directed side of the separation disc in the outer zone, is influenced by a lower radially outwardly directed shearing force from the liquid flow. It is especially important in this, the radially outer zone, to keep these shearing forces low, since the layers of substance in this zone are thin and thereby the resulting pressure force acting radially inwardly on the layer of substance due to the centrifugal action is small.
  • the flow obstacles in the radial outer zone are straight and that they are preferably directed substantially radially.
  • the flow obstacles are at least as long as the greatest distance in the circumferential direction between two adjacent flow obstacles.
  • the flow obstacles curve forwardly in the rotational direction as they extend radially outwards.
  • the primary flow is directed forwardly in the rotational direction. Since the shearing force, with which the primary flow influences the layer of substances, is directed 45° to the right seen in the direction of primary flow, the shearing force is directed in a direction such that it counteracts the centrifugal force less, whereby the resulting separation is improved.
  • the radial inner zone is annular and surrounds the rotational axis.
  • a separation disc with a radial inner zone which does not surround the rotational axis.
  • a small number of the flow obstacles arranged in the outer zone might, for instance, extend radially inwards to a central part of the separation disc and delimit the radial inner zone in the circumferential direction.
  • the radial inner zone will only include a sector of the separation disc. However, this sector should have an angle at the centre, which at least is 45°, preferably at least 60°, to have a sufficient primary flow, a geostrophic flow, in circumferential direction created in this zone.
  • the separation discs are designed with centrally located supply holes.
  • the separated substance accumulates in the central portion of the separation chamber, i.e. radially inside the supply holes, and thus the central location of the supply holes prevents the supplied liquid mixture entraining and admixing with already separated substance within the separation chamber.
  • the rotor shown in Figure 1 comprises an upper part 1 and a lower part 2, which parts are kept together by a locking ring 3.
  • the rotor is supported by a driving shaft 4, which is connected to the lower part 2.
  • Inside the rotor there is a valve slide 5 arranged to move axially in the lower part 2.
  • the valve slide 5 forms together with the upper part 1 a separation chamber 6 and is arranged to open and close an annular gap at the largest periphery of the separation chamber 6 between the separation chamber 6 and the outlet openings 7 to periodically discharge a component, which during operation has been separated out of a liquid mixture supplied to the rotor and accumulated at the periphery of the separation chamber 6.
  • the valve slide 5 delimits, together with the lower part 2, a closing chamber 8, which is provided with an inlet 9 and a throttled outlet 10 for a closing liquid.
  • a distributor 11 which surrounds a stationary inlet tube 12 and defines an inlet chamber 13.
  • the inlet chamber 13 is connected to the separation chamber 6 via relatively centrally located holes 14 in the conical lower part of the distributor 11.
  • a stack of frusto-conical separation discs 15 is arranged coaxially with the rotational axis. The stack is supported by and guided by the distributor 11. At least some of the separation discs 15 are identical.
  • the upper end of the upper part 1 forms a central outlet chamber 16 for the discharge of a liquid which during operation has been cleaned of the substance and a central outlet chamber 17 for the discharge of the substance separated during that operation.
  • the first mentioned outlet chamber 16 communicates with the separation chamber 6 via an outlet channel 18 formed in the upper part 1 and an overflow outlet 19.
  • the channel 18 formed in the upper part 1 opens in a radially outer portion of the separation chamber 6.
  • the last mentioned outlet chamber 17 communicates via an overflow outlet 20 with a central part of the separation chamber 6.
  • stationery discharge devices 21, 22, respectively are arranged in a known manner to discharge liquid and substance, respectively through internal outlet channels 23, 24, respectively, towards outlets 25, 26, respectively.
  • Figure 2 shows a separation disc 15a seen from above.
  • Arrow A shows the rotational direction during operation of the rotor and thereby the rotational direction during operation of the separation disc.
  • the frusto-conical separation disc 15a On its upper side the frusto-conical separation disc 15a has several straight elongated flow obstacles 27a for the liquid flow in the circumferential direction, which are equally distributed around the centre of the separation disc and extend essentially radially through an outer zone 28a of the separation disc 15a.
  • the flow obstacles 27a also constitute distance elements, which keep the separation discs spaced from each other in the stack to form interspaces between adjacent discs.
  • Radially inside the outer zone 28a the separation disc Radially inside the outer zone 28a the separation disc is an inner zone 29a, which has no obstacles for the liquid flow in the circumferential direction and which extends from the inner radius of the separation disc radially outwards towards the radially inner portion of the radially outer zone 28a.
  • a number of supply holes 30a are equally distributed around the centre of the separation disc 15a for the supply of liquid to be treated.
  • Figure 3 shows another embodiment of a separation disc 15b seen from above.
  • an arrow A shows the rotational direction during operation of the rotor and the separation disc.
  • the frusto-conical separation disc 15b shown in Figure 3 has several curved elongated flow obstacles 27b for obstructing liquid flow in the circumferential direction, which are equally distributed around the centre of the separation disc and extend radially through the radial outer zone 28b of the separation disc 15b.
  • the flow obstacles curve forwardly in the rotational direction as they extend outwards.
  • the flow obstacles 27b on the separation disc 15b also constitute distance elements.
  • This embodiment also has a radially inner zone 29b, which has no obstacles for the flow in the circumferential direction and extends from the inner radius of the separation disc radially outwards towards the radial inner portion of the radial outer zone 28b.
  • a number of supply holes 30b are also provided in this separation disc 15b equally distributed around the centre of the separation disc 15b in a radial inner portion of the radial inner zone 29b.
  • the separation disc of Figure 2 and Figure 3 are provided with further zones 31a, 31b, respectively, located radially outside the flow obstacles in the outer zones 28a, 28b, respectively.
  • the further zones are concentric with the rotational axis and have no obstacles for liquid flow in the circumferential direction.
  • the provision of such a further zone 31a, 31b, respectively, means that the distribution of flows etc. is equalised in the circumferential direction in the radially outer portion of the separation chamber 6.
  • a centrifugal separator which is designed according to the invention works in the following manner:
  • the rotor When starting the centrifugal separator the rotor is brought to rotate and the separation chamber 6 is closed by supplying closing liquid to the closing chamber 8 through the inlet 9.
  • the liquid with a substance dispersed therein to be centrifugally treated is supplied to the separation chamber 6 via the inlet tube 12, the inlet chamber 13 and the supply hole 14 in the distributor 11.
  • the supply liquid is distributed via the supply holes 30a or 30b out into the interspaces between the separation discs 15 where the substantial separation takes place.
  • the specific heavier liquid flows radially outwards and is accumulated at the radial outer portion of the separation chamber, whereas the specific lighter substance is accumulated on the radially outwardly directed surfaces of the separation discs 15 and flows along these surfaces radially inwards.
  • the cleaned liquid flows out of the separation chamber 6 through the channel 18 and via the overflow outlet 19 into the outlet chamber 16.
  • the liquid is discharged out of the outlet chamber 16 through internal discharge channels 23 in the stationary discharge device 21 and to the outlet 25.
  • the separated substance accumulates in the central portion of the separation chamber 6 and flows out of the separation chamber 6 via the overflow outlet 20 into the outlet chamber 17.
  • the substance is discharged out of the outlet chamber 17 through internal channels 24 in the stationary outer device 22 and the outlet 26.
  • Ekman-layers As a result of the primary flow in the rotating system another liquid flow, a secondary flow, will be generated in thin layers at the upper and lower surface of the separation discs, so-called Ekman-layers.
  • the flow direction of the Ekman-layers in the inner zone has a radially outwardly directed component.
  • the radial liquid transport in this zone will take place in these thin layers. This means that the resistance for radial liquid flow through this zone is so high that the flow is distributed equally over the interspaces in the stack.
  • the layer of substance accumulated on the radially outwardly directed upper sides of the separation discs is partly influenced by the resulting pressure force due to the centrifugal action, which force strives to bring the layer of substance in a wanted direction inwards, and partly by a shearing force from the liquid flow in the Ekman-layers, which has a radially outwards directed component.
  • the centrifugal force increases with increasing thickness of the layer of substance.
  • the shearing force is independent of the thickness of the layer.
  • the primary flow is directed essentially in radial direction, whereby the liquid transport radially outwards takes place in a substantially thicker layer than the Ekman-layer, which means that the flow velocity of the liquid and the dispersed substance therein not yet separated becomes lower. This means in turn that the shearing force acting on the layer of substance becomes lower in the radially outer zone 28a or 28b.
  • the layer of substance is thin in the radial outer zone it is especially advantageous to keep the shearing force low in this zone.
  • the fact that the shearing force forms an angle to the primary flow which is 45° means that the substance will to a great extent be accumulated on a rear side of a flow obstacle ahead and flow radially inwards along the same.

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

Séparateur centrifuge permettant d'enlever, à partir d'un liquide, une substance d'une densité inférieure à celle du liquide, ce séparateur comprenant un rotor formant une chambre de séparation (6) dans laquelle est disposée une pile de disques de séparation coniques (15). Le liquide, et la substance qui y est dispersée, s'écoulent radialement vers l'extérieur dans des espaces interstitiels ménagés entre les disques. Afin d'accroître la capacité de séparation du séparateur à un débit d'écoulement élevé, les disques de séparation (15) présentent une zone radiale interne (29a) qui n'oppose pas d'obstacle à un écoulement principal dans la direction circonférentielle, et une zone radiale externe (28a) qui oppose à l'écoulement de liquide, dans la direction circonférentielle des obstacles (27a) allongés, s'étendant à travers la zone externe (28a) et répartis de manière égale autour de l'axe de rotation, en un nombre tel que l'écoulement principal dans cette zone (28a) est dirigé radialement vers l'extérieur entre les obstacles (27a). Ces derniers (27a) présentent une longueur et une orientation telles, par rapport à l'écoulement principal, que l'écoulement du liquide dans la couche la plus proche de la couche de substance influence cette dernière de telle manière que la substance séparée est accumulée sur l'obstacle (27a) se trouvant en avant et s'écoule radialement vers l'intérieur le long de cet obstacle.

Claims (8)

  1. Séparateur centrifuge pour éliminer une substance dispersée dans un liquide et qui possède une densité inférieure à celle du liquide, comprenant un rotor pouvant tourner autour d'un axe de rotation, le rotor formant
    - une chambre d'entrée (13),
    - une chambre de séparation (6), qui est raccordée à la chambre d'entrée (13),
    - une chambre de sortie (16) raccordée à la chambre de séparation (6) pour un liquide, dont la substance est éliminée pendant le fonctionnement,
    une pile de plusieurs disques de séparation tronconiques (15,15a,15b) disposées dans la chambre de séparation (6) coaxialement à l'axe de rotation, les disques (15,15a,15b) étant équipés d'entretoises, qui maintiennent ces disques à distance les uns des autres de manière à former des espaces intercalaires entre des disques adjacents, et des moyens (14,30a,30b) disposés de manière à conduire le liquide et la substance dispersée dans le liquide, pendant le fonctionnement, puis de la chambre d'entrée (13) à une partie centrale des espaces intercalaires de manière que le liquide sorte radialement des espaces intercalaires,
    caractérisé en ce
    - que les disques de séparation (15,15a,15b) possèdent une zone intérieure du point de vue radial (29a, 29b), qui ne comporte essentiellement aucun obstacle gênant un écoulement principal, ce qu'on appelle un écoulement géostrophique, dans la direction circonférentielle de sorte que pendant le fonctionnement, un écoulement radial de liquide et d'une substance dispersée, dans cette zone (29a,29b) se produit dans des couches très minces, ce qu'on appelle des couches de Ekman, le long des surfaces coniques des disques (15,15a,15b), et
    - que les disques de séparation (15,15a,15b) possèdent une zone extérieure du point de vue radial (28a,28b), qui se raccorde à la zone intérieure du point de vue radial (29a,29b) au niveau de sa partie extérieure du point de vue radial, et possède un nombre élevé d'obstacles (27a,27b), qui sont allongés et s'étendent d'une manière générale radialement, pour gêner l'écoulement de liquide dans la direction circonférentielle et qui sont uniformément répartis autour de l'axe de rotation de sorte que l'écoulement principal dans cette zone extérieure du point de vue radial (28a,28b) s'effectue essentiellement radialement vers l'extérieur entre des obstacles adjacents (27a,27b) gênant l'écoulement,
    les obstacles (27a,27b) gênant l'écoulement ayant une longueur telle et une direction telle par rapport au sens de rotation, qu'un écoulement secondaire provoqué par l'écoulement principal dans la zone extérieure (28a,28b) dans une couche, dite couche de Ekman, sur une surface, dirigée radialement vers l'extérieur, d'un disque de séparation influe sur une couche d'une substance séparée sur ce côté, avec une force de cisaillement en direction d'un obstacle (27a,27b) gênant l'écoulement, situé en amont dans le sens de rotation, de telle sorte que la substance séparée s'accumule au niveau dudit obstacle (27a,27b) gênant l'écoulement et circule radialement vers l'intérieur le long dudit obstacle (27a,27b).
  2. Séparateur centrifuge selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits obstacles (27a) gênant l'écoulement, qui sont disposés dans la zone extérieure du point de vue radial (28a), sont rectilignes.
  3. Séparateur centrifuge selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits obstacles (27a) gênant l'écoulement, qui sont situés dans ladite zone extérieure du point de vue radial (28a), sont dirigés sensiblement radialement.
  4. Séparateur centrifuge selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les obstacles (27a, 27b) gênant l'écoulement ont radialement une longueur au moins égale à la distance maximale dans la direction circonférentielle entre deux obstacles adjacents (27a, 27b) gênant l'écoulement.
  5. Séparateur centrifuge selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits obstacles (27b) gênant l'écoulement dans la zone extérieure du point de vue radial (28b) s'incurvent vers l'avant dans le sens de rotation, en s'étendant radialement vers l'extérieur.
  6. Séparateur centrifuge selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la zone intérieure du point de vue radial (29a,29b) est annulaire et entoure l'axe de rotation.
  7. Séparateur centrifuge selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens sont constitués par des trous d'entrée disposés en position centrale (30a,30b) dans les disques de séparation.
  8. Séparateur centrifuge selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits obstacles (27a,27b) gênant l'écoulement sont constitués par lesdites entretoises.
EP93913701A 1992-06-16 1993-05-19 Separateur centrifuge Expired - Lifetime EP0598099B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9201838A SE470348B (sv) 1992-06-16 1992-06-16 Centrifugalseparator med separeringsskivor, vilka är försedda med strömningshinder
SE9201838 1992-06-16
PCT/SE1993/000448 WO1993025314A1 (fr) 1992-06-16 1993-05-19 Separateur centrifuge

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0598099A1 EP0598099A1 (fr) 1994-05-25
EP0598099B1 true EP0598099B1 (fr) 1997-07-30

Family

ID=20386505

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93913701A Expired - Lifetime EP0598099B1 (fr) 1992-06-16 1993-05-19 Separateur centrifuge

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0598099B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06509749A (fr)
DE (1) DE69312643T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2106350T3 (fr)
SE (1) SE470348B (fr)
WO (1) WO1993025314A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE504007C2 (sv) * 1995-02-13 1996-10-14 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Inloppsanordning för centrifugalseparator
DE19508334C2 (de) * 1995-03-09 1999-07-01 Westfalia Separator Ag Verfahren und Zentrifuge zur Gewinnung von Essenzöl aus Zitrusfrüchten
RU2161537C1 (ru) * 1999-10-07 2001-01-10 Асриев Эдуард Иванович Сепаратор для разделения многокомпонентной жидкой среды
SE515302C2 (sv) * 1999-11-15 2001-07-09 Alfa Laval Ab Ett sätt och en apparat för rening av gas
SE532500C2 (sv) * 2008-07-16 2010-02-09 Alfa Laval Corp Ab Centrifugal separator
SE532915C2 (sv) * 2008-09-30 2010-05-04 Alfa Laval Corp Ab Skivpaket för centrifugrotor
JP5242662B2 (ja) * 2010-11-02 2013-07-24 定男 篠原 分離板型遠心分離機用分離板の製造方法
EP3666389B1 (fr) * 2018-12-10 2021-08-04 Alfa Laval Corporate AB Séparateur centrifuge
WO2021149239A1 (fr) * 2020-01-24 2021-07-29 三菱化工機株式会社 Dispositif de séparation centrifuge et plaque de séparation

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE70154C1 (fr) * 1930-01-01
SE3065C1 (fr) * 1891-10-29
SE156317C1 (fr) *
US1006622A (en) * 1910-08-25 1911-10-24 Edgerly R Bailey Centrifugal separator.
US4036429A (en) * 1975-03-18 1977-07-19 Ivin Jury F Bowl of centrifugal separator
SU751440A2 (ru) * 1977-05-11 1980-07-30 Предприятие П/Я А-1297 Ротор центробежного сепаратора
SE457612B (sv) * 1987-12-07 1989-01-16 Alfa Laval Separation Ab Centrifugalseparator foer separering av ett aemne dispergerat i en vaetska

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0598099A1 (fr) 1994-05-25
SE9201838L (sv) 1993-12-17
SE9201838D0 (sv) 1992-06-16
JPH06509749A (ja) 1994-11-02
DE69312643D1 (de) 1997-09-04
ES2106350T3 (es) 1997-11-01
SE470348B (sv) 1994-01-31
DE69312643T2 (de) 1997-11-27
WO1993025314A1 (fr) 1993-12-23

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