EP0593565A1 - Polymeres d'ether vinylique/d'anhydride maleique depourvus de benzene - Google Patents

Polymeres d'ether vinylique/d'anhydride maleique depourvus de benzene

Info

Publication number
EP0593565A1
EP0593565A1 EP92914152A EP92914152A EP0593565A1 EP 0593565 A1 EP0593565 A1 EP 0593565A1 EP 92914152 A EP92914152 A EP 92914152A EP 92914152 A EP92914152 A EP 92914152A EP 0593565 A1 EP0593565 A1 EP 0593565A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lower alkyl
vinyl ether
solvent
cosolvent
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92914152A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0593565A4 (fr
Inventor
Jeffrey M. Cohen
Laurie A. Coyle
Mohammed Tazi
John N. Zamora
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ISP Investments LLC
Original Assignee
ISP Investments LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ISP Investments LLC filed Critical ISP Investments LLC
Publication of EP0593565A1 publication Critical patent/EP0593565A1/fr
Publication of EP0593565A4 publication Critical patent/EP0593565A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
    • C08F222/04—Anhydrides, e.g. cyclic anhydrides
    • C08F222/06—Maleic anhydride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
    • C08F216/12—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
    • C08F216/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
    • C08F216/16—Monomers containing no hetero atoms other than the ether oxygen
    • C08F216/18—Acyclic compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a toxin free copolymer of maleic anhydride and alkyl vinyl ether having a predetermined specific viscosity within the range of from as low as 1 up to 5.5.
  • the invention in another aspect relates to a process capable of producing maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether copolymers having number average molecular weights greater than 1,000,000 in the presence of a solvent having a relatively high chain transfer constant.
  • the invention also relates to terpolymers of maleic anhydride and mixtures of lower alkyl vinyl ethers of high viscosity.
  • the degree of solvent interference in the polymerization can be determined from its chain transfer constant; thus, solvents having a low chain transfer constant, such as benzene and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, exhibit only a relatively slight tendency to interfere with the chain reaction type of polymerization; whereas solvents with a significantly higher chain transfer constant such as toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, are believed to exert a notable higher degree of interference and chain termination in such polymerizations.
  • a low chain transfer constant solvent produces higher specific viscosity (higher molecular weight) copolymeric products, e.g. up to 3.5, in contrast to higher chain transfer constant solvents which provide lower viscosity products.
  • Another object of this invention is to overcome the above process deficiencies and to provide unique toxin-free maleic anhydride/lower alkyl vinyl ether polymers having molecular weights up to about 2,000,000 or more.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a general process using a solvent having a high chain transfer constant in such a manner as to avoid interference with the polymerization reaction and to permit long polymer chain development.
  • Still another object is to produce a benzene-free maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether copolymer having an individual predetermined specific viscosity falling within the range of between about l and about 5.5.
  • Another object is to provide a general process using the same high chain transfer solvent to achieve polymers of predetermined specific viscosity within the range of from 1 to 5.5.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to produce a toxin free maleic anhydride/vinyl ether copolymer which is suitable for adhesives and use in packaging of comestible products and pharmaceutical creams, pastes and the like.
  • a process for the preparation of a toxin-free maleic anhydride/lower alkyl vinyl ether copolymer having a specific viscosity within the range of from about 1.0 to 5.5 which comprises (a) precharging to a reaction zone a cosolvent mixture of a lower alkyl substituted benzene, a liquid C 6 to C 8 alkane, a saturated lower alkyl ether or mixture thereof as the solvent and a controlled amount of a lower alkyl vinyl ether or mixture of said lower alkyl vinyl ethers as the cosolvent; (b) premixing maleic anhydride monomer and an excess of a lower alkyl vinyl ether monomer reactant external of said reaction zone at below reaction temperature to form a polymerizable complex of said monomers; (c) feeding to said precharged reactor the premixed complexed monomers at a controlled feed rate over an extended period of several hours; (d) gradually introducing into said reaction zone an initiating amount of
  • Suitable cosolvent systems employed in the present process include as a solvent individual compounds or mixtures of a lower alkyl substituted aromatic compound having a relatively high chain transfer constant, such as toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, etc., a liquid C 6 to C 8 alkane such as heptane, cyclohexane, hexane, etc., and a saturated lower alkyl ether such as methyl t-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl butyl ether, etc.
  • a lower alkyl substituted aromatic compound having a relatively high chain transfer constant such as toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, etc.
  • a liquid C 6 to C 8 alkane such as heptane, cyclohexane, hexane, etc.
  • a saturated lower alkyl ether such as methyl t-buty
  • the weight ratio of the solvent to cosolvent in the precharged solvent mixture can vary between about 4:1 and about 1:12, depending upon the product specific viscosity desired. It has been found that the specific viscosity and molecular weight of the resulting polymer varies directly with the amount of alkyl vinyl ether employed in the solvent system.
  • solvent mixtures of 4:1-1:1 will produce polymers having viscosities of from about 1 to about 3; whereas mixtures of 1:1.4-1:12 will produce polymers having viscosities up to 5.5 which indicates a number average molecular weight of 1,500,000-2,000,000 or more, heretofore unachievable.
  • suitable lower alkyl vinyl ether comonomer reactants include ethyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, iso-butyl vinyl ether, tertiary butyl vinyl ether and methyl vinyl ether; the latter being preferred.
  • At least a slight excess of the lower alkyl vinyl ether comonomer reactant with respect to the maleic anhydride monomer is employed in the premixing zone.
  • Such molar excess can vary between about l.l and about 2, although a molar ratio of from about 1.3:1 to about 1.7:1 is preferred.
  • the maleic anhydride and vinyl ether monomers are thoroughly premixed at below reaction temperature before entering the reactor in order to form a polymerizable monomer-comonomer complex species on which to build polymer chains and to provide a substantially alternating polymeric product.
  • Monomer mixing is beneficially effected at between about 30° and about 40°C. at atmospheric pressure.
  • the complexed monomers are gradually introduced into the reaction zone, containing the precharged cosolvent mixture, over a period of from about 2 to about 5 hours, preferably from about 2.5 to about 3.5 hours or until the ensuing polymerization reaction has reached a desired level.
  • monomer/comonomer complex to cosolvent mixture feed rates of from about 1:1.8 to about 1:3 part/parts is recommended for optimum mixing and temperature control, although somewhat higher or lower feed rates can be employed, if desired.
  • the polymerizable complexed mixture is then thoroughly agitated and brought to reaction temperature at from about 45° to about 90°C. under a pressure of from about 25 to about 100 psig while simultaneously contacting a free radical initiator which is continuously fed to the reactor throughout the polymerization reaction.
  • the free radical initiator is usually a solid, it is dissolved in a lower alkyl substituted benzene or in the C ⁇ to C 8 alkane, preferably in the same aromatic or alkane compound or mixture thereof as employed in the cosolvent mixture, prior to being introduced into the reactor.
  • the recommended reaction temperature and pressure for the preferred monomeric mixture i.e. maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether, is from about 55°C. to about 70°C. under from about 35 to about 70 psig.
  • Ethyl, propyl and butyl vinyl ether comonomers may require somewhat more severe reaction conditions within the above temperature and pressure ranges.
  • Suitable free radical initiators are those known in the art and include but are not limited to peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, decanyl peroxide, tertbutyl peroxy pivalate, terta yl peroxy pivalate, etc.
  • the initiator solution is continuously and intimately mixed with the monomeric mixture throughout the exothermic polymerization reaction.
  • the concentration of the initiator with respect to maleic anhydride in the feed mixture is generally between about 0.00005 and about 0.05:1 parts by weight, preferably between about 0.0001 and about 0.005 parts by weight.
  • the monomers are reacted under relatively mild reaction conditions and excess unreacted vinyl ether comonomer together with a portion of the solvent of the cosolvent mixture are removed as a vaporous overhead during the exothermic reaction.
  • This overhead mixture can be directly recycled and combined with the cosolvent feed mixture to the reactor or the components can be separated and individually recycled in the process.
  • the reactor contents may be held at reaction temperature and pressure for an additional period of up to about 2 hours to insure quantitative conversion of maleic anhydride to the desired polymeric product.
  • additional solvent can be added as needed to provide a crude product mixture containing from about 15 to about 30 wt. % solids in the resulting slurry. The slurry is then treated to recover the polymeric product from diluent in a substantially pure state.
  • Product recovery can be accomplished by any known means.
  • One method involves vacuum drying the crude product mixture at a temperature above the boiling point of the solvent. The solvent vaporized at this stage can be condensed and can be recycled to one of the appropriate feeds to the reactor.
  • An important advantage of the present process stems from the surprising discovery that by preforming the copolymerizable complex before contact with the high chain transfer solvent and initiator, the expected tendency of the aromatic solvent to limit polymeric chain development is overcome. Also, the continuous feed of initiator during reaction minimizes the influence of the aromatic solvent in the copolymerization reaction. Thus, the only factor controlling molecular weight of the product resides in the amount of the vinyl ether solvent fed to the system which is easily monitored. It is now discovered that certain aromatic solvents, i.e. those having relatively high chain transfer constants, do not cause termination of the reaction as in the case of benzene, and instead, can be usefully employed in a cosolvent mixture to extend chain propagation and to produce high number average molecular weight products, e.g.
  • the cosolvent of the solvent mixture contains a lower alkyl vinyl ether dissimilar to the lower alkyl vinyl ether in the comonomer complex
  • the dissimilar cosolvent alkyl vinyl ether may also react to form a high viscosity terpolymeric product also suitable for the above uses.
  • valved line 2 4381 pounds of the alkyl vinyl ether (methyl vinyl ether) is fed into valved line 2, 1367 pounds of which are introduced into high shear mixer 6 at 25°C. wherein it is intimately mixed with 1495 pounds of maleic anhydride introduced from valved line 4 to form a complexed comonomer.
  • the remaining 3014 pounds portion of the methyl vinyl ether feed is passed to valved line 8 and combined with 3014 pounds of toluene entering the system through valved line 9 to provide the cosolvent mixture which is precharged directly into nitrogen purged evacuated reactor 10 equipped with an efficient mixing device 11.
  • the monomer-comonomer complex which is formed in high shear mixer 6 is fed to reactor 10 through valve line 12 at a feed rate effective to provide a weight ratio of complexed monomer to cosolvent mixture of about 1:2 upon initial introduction.
  • the reactor is charged with a solution of about 2.2 pounds lauryl peroxide initiator in 3010 pounds of toluene from valved lines 14 and 18.
  • the complexed monomer/comonomer species and initiator solution are gradually introduced into sealed reactor 10 over a period of about 2.5 hours during which the exothermic solution polymerization is effected at about 65°C. under about 80 psig.
  • the pressure can be maintained constant by pressure regulating valve 44 which can be adapted to release a desired portion of vaporous unreacted methyl vinyl ether/toluene as an overhead mixture in line 20 and thence into condenser 22 wherein, at a temperature of 32°C. , vaporous methyl vinyl ether is removed by line 50 and subsequently compressed for recovery. The remaining condensed methyl vinyl ether and uncondensed toluene are recycled to reactor 10 via line 24.
  • the crude copolymeric solids in toluene forms a slurry of between about 18-25 wt. % solids.
  • This slurry is then diluted with toluene recovered within the system from valved line 28 which may or may not be supplemented by feed toluene from valved line 30.
  • the post dilution with toluene reduces the solids content in the crude product to about 15 wt. %.
  • Pressure valve 44 is then fully opened and remaining unreacted methyl vinyl ether is vaporized and removed via line 20.
  • a holding tank (not shown) may be employed to receive the crude product slurry and to clear reactor 10 for the next feed batch.
  • the crude product is withdrawn from reactor 10 by means of line 36 and then passed to vacuum dryer 38 wherein at a temperature of about 230°C. under 28" Hg vacuum, solid methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer product in quantitative yield and at least 99% purity is withdrawn and recovered from line 40.
  • Toluene vaporized in vacuum dryer 38 is removed by line 42, passed to cooler-condenser 48 and recycled to the process in line 28 to supply the aforesaid post dilution of the crude product slurry in reactor 10. It will be appreciated from the above description of Figure l that the process can be readily adapted to continuous operation, e.g. by employing alternating pressure reactors.
  • alkyl vinyl ether comonomers can be substituted for methyl vinyl ether and that other aromatic or C g to C 8 alkane solvents as well as other peroxide initiators can replace those described in Figure 1 without departing from the scope of this invention and that many modifications, substitutions or alterations of the described procedure are also included herein.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de production d'un polymère d'éther vinylique d'alkyle inférieur/d'anhydride maléique dépourvu de benzène et présentant une viscosité spécifique comprise entre 1,0 et 5,5 environ, et qui consiste à prémélanger l'anhydride maléique et l'éther vinylique d'alkyle en un rapport molaire compris entre environ 1:1,1 et environ 1:2, dans un mélange de co-solvants constitué de benzène substitué par alkyle inférieur, d'un alcane C6-8, d'un éther d'alkyle inférieur saturé, avec un éther vinylique d'alkyle inférieur comme co-solvant, et à mettre en réaction le mélange monomère transformé en complexe à une température et une pression élevées et en contact continu avec une amorce peroxyde. La viscosité spécifique est régulée lorsqu'on ajuste la quantité d'éther vinylique d'alkyle inférieur dans le mélange de co-solvants. Le produit polymère est récupéré de la bouillie obtenue par séchage sous vide.
EP92914152A 1991-07-05 1992-06-17 Polymeres d'ether vinylique/d'anhydride maleique depourvus de benzene. Withdrawn EP0593565A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72641591A 1991-07-05 1991-07-05
US73728991A 1991-07-29 1991-07-29
US737289 1991-07-29
PCT/US1992/005131 WO1993001220A1 (fr) 1991-07-05 1992-06-17 Polymeres d'ether vinylique/d'anhydride maleique depourvus de benzene
US726415 1996-10-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0593565A1 true EP0593565A1 (fr) 1994-04-27
EP0593565A4 EP0593565A4 (fr) 1995-03-29

Family

ID=27111316

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92914152A Withdrawn EP0593565A4 (fr) 1991-07-05 1992-06-17 Polymeres d'ether vinylique/d'anhydride maleique depourvus de benzene.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0593565A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06508875A (fr)
AU (1) AU2239792A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993001220A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19752677A1 (de) * 1997-11-28 1999-06-02 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen Polymerisaten aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und Alkylvinylethern
JP4286125B2 (ja) * 2003-12-24 2009-06-24 三菱レイヨン株式会社 ビニル系重合体組成物の製造方法
US20220089798A1 (en) * 2019-01-25 2022-03-24 Boai Nky Medical Holdings Ltd. Ultra-Pure Methyl Vinyl Ether-Co-Maleic Anhydride Copolymers and Methods for Preparing Same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992002564A1 (fr) * 1990-08-09 1992-02-20 Isp Investments Inc. Procede de polymerisation d'ether vinyl-alkyle/d'anhydride maleique
EP0522465A1 (fr) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-13 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Procédé pour la préparation d'un copolymère d'éther de vinyle d'alkyle et d'anhydride maléique

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5003014A (en) * 1990-05-21 1991-03-26 Gaf Chemicals Corporation Process for making copolymers of maleic anhydride and a C1 -C4 alkyl vinyl ether having a predetermined specific viscosity
US5034487A (en) * 1990-08-09 1991-07-23 Gaf Chemicals Corporation Process for making copolymers of maleic anhydride and a C1 -C4 alkyl vinyl ether having a high specific viscosity

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992002564A1 (fr) * 1990-08-09 1992-02-20 Isp Investments Inc. Procede de polymerisation d'ether vinyl-alkyle/d'anhydride maleique
EP0522465A1 (fr) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-13 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Procédé pour la préparation d'un copolymère d'éther de vinyle d'alkyle et d'anhydride maléique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO9301220A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2239792A (en) 1993-02-11
EP0593565A4 (fr) 1995-03-29
WO1993001220A1 (fr) 1993-01-21
JPH06508875A (ja) 1994-10-06

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