EP0592258B1 - Abgasvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen - Google Patents

Abgasvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0592258B1
EP0592258B1 EP19930402138 EP93402138A EP0592258B1 EP 0592258 B1 EP0592258 B1 EP 0592258B1 EP 19930402138 EP19930402138 EP 19930402138 EP 93402138 A EP93402138 A EP 93402138A EP 0592258 B1 EP0592258 B1 EP 0592258B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monolith
diffuser
treatment
internal combustion
exhaust device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP19930402138
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0592258A1 (de
Inventor
Said Zidat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Regie Nationale des Usines Renault
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Renault SAS, Regie Nationale des Usines Renault filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP0592258A1 publication Critical patent/EP0592258A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0592258B1 publication Critical patent/EP0592258B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust device for purifying the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine fitted in particular to a motor vehicle.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a device for purifying exhaust gases by catalytic conversion.
  • a catalytic converter is formed by an envelope delimiting a closed volume inserted in the exhaust line.
  • This envelope has, in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases, an inlet end of divergent frustoconical shape, a cylindrical or oval body, where one or more gas treatment structures is formed, formed by a metallic ceramic reactor, also called a monolith, comprising a plurality of axial channels arranged in honeycomb and coated with catalytic substances, and an outlet end of frustoconical shape.
  • Document DE-A-2 428 964 describes an improved catalytic converter comprising a monolith of suitable shape (longer in the center than on the edges) to promote the distribution of the exhaust gases over the entire inlet section of the monolith.
  • this monolith is obtained by assembling a plurality of cylindrical monoliths of evolving axial and radial dimensions.
  • these solutions have the drawback of being difficult to produce and therefore of high cost.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a simple and economical system which overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art by ensuring excellent distribution of the exhaust gases over the entire cross section of the monoliths used for catalytic purification. exhaust gases.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with an exhaust device according to claim 1.
  • two treatment monoliths are arranged downstream of the diffusing means.
  • the axial dimension of the diffuser monolith is between 10 and 50 mm.
  • the diffuser monolith is coated with catalytic substances and participates in the treatment of gases.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a catalytic converter according to the invention.
  • the exhaust device 1 comprising means for catalytically purifying the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 1 comprises an envelope conventionally defining a cylindrical body with circular (or oval) section 2 surrounded by ends tapered inlet 3 and outlet 4 respectively divergent and convergent.
  • the inlet duct 5 is an integral part of the frustoconical end 3 and the outlet duct 6 is an integral part of the frustoconical end 4.
  • the ducts 5 and 6 allow the device 1 to be connected to the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine.
  • honeycomb body consist of cylindrical blocks, for example of porous ceramic, having a multitude of axially extending flow channels, of square or trapezoidal section in which the exhaust gases flow.
  • the monolith 7 disposed at the inlet of the body 2, in the direction of gas flow, has a limited axial length compared to the monoliths 8 and 9. This length can vary between 10 and 50 mm for a diameter of 100 mm .
  • Monolith 8 is arranged behind monolith 7 at a distance between 10 and 50 mm so as to leave a free cavity 10 between them.
  • the monolith 8 extends, for its part, over a length of between 50 and 200 mm.
  • the monolith 9 is placed after the monolith 8 with the interposition of a free cavity 11.
  • the dimensions of the monolith 9 are substantially the same as those of the monolith 8.
  • the axial length of the monolith 7 is preferably chosen, less than 1 ⁇ 4 the total axial length of the different monoliths present inside the body 2.
  • Monoliths 8 and 9 are coated with active catalytic substances which may be of a similar nature, with oxidation or reduction or bifunctional, or even with catalytic substances of different natures, the the first can be for example oxidation and the second reduction.
  • the diffuser monolith 7, for its part, may be coated with a catalyst, with oxidation or reduction or bifunctional, or else may not be.
  • the thin monolith 7 and the adjacent free cavity 10 form diffusing means which make it possible to considerably improve the distribution of the exhaust gases over the entire cross section of the cylindrical body 2 and therefore of the monolith 8, distribution initiated by the divergent tapered inlet end 3.
  • This distribution of the exhaust gases has the effect of causing the latter to penetrate all or almost all of the gas flow channels formed in the monolith 8.
  • the treatment monoliths 8 and 9 are used optimally.
  • the increase in the useful surface of these monoliths makes it possible to improve the treatment of the exhaust gases and to reduce their dimensions with equivalent treatment or even to increase the lifetime of the catalytic converter with equivalent dimensions.
  • the dimensions of the monolith 7 and of the cavity 10 are adjusted to each exhaust line by series of measurements on the test benches so that by operating the gas flow rates flowing through the exhaust device, they have the best possible diffusion.
  • the exhaust device according to the invention relates to both ceramic monoliths and metal monoliths.
  • the exhaust device according to the invention may comprise only a diffuser monolith 7 and a treatment monolith, the latter then playing the role of the two treatment monoliths 8 and 9 previously described.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Abgasvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine zum Reinigen der Abgase, mit einem Gehäuse, das dazu bestimmt ist, mit der Abgasleitung der Maschine verbunden zu werden, und das einen zylindrischen Körper (2) mit einem divergierenden Einlaßende (3) und einem konvergierenden Auslaßende (4) aufweist, wobei das Gehäuse zumindest einen Monolithen enthält, der im Inneren des zylindrischen Körpers (2) für die Behandlung der Abgase (8, 9) untergebracht ist und mehrere Kanäle aufweist, die axial angeordnet und mit Katalysatorsubstanzen beschichtet sind, Diffusormitteln (7, 10), die stromaufwärts vom Behandlungsmonolithen (8, 9) bezogen auf die Strömungsrichtung des Gases angeordnet sind, um die Verteilung der Abgase über den gesamten Querschnitt des Monolithen (8, 9) sicherzustellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Diffusormittel durch zumindest einen Diffusormonolithen (7) gebildet sind, der im Innern des zylindrischen Körpers (2) unter einem vorbestimmten Abstand von dem Behandlungsmonolithen (8, 9) untergebracht ist, wobei der Diffusormonolith (7) eine axiale Abmessung hat, die kleiner als ¼ der axialen Gesamtabmessung der Monolithen (7, 8, 9) ist, die in dem Gehäuse vorhanden sind.
  2. Abgasvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Behandlungsmonolithen (8 und 9) stromab von den Diffusormitteln (7, 10) angeordnet sind.
  3. Abgasvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die axiale Abmessung des Diffusormonolithen (7) zwischen 10 und 50 mm beträgt.
  4. Abgasvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Diffusormonolith (7) mit Katalysatorsubstanzen beschichtet ist und an der Gasbehandlung beteiligt ist.
EP19930402138 1992-09-04 1993-09-02 Abgasvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen Revoked EP0592258B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9210554A FR2695431B1 (fr) 1992-09-04 1992-09-04 Dispositif d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne.
FR9210554 1992-09-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0592258A1 EP0592258A1 (de) 1994-04-13
EP0592258B1 true EP0592258B1 (de) 1997-11-05

Family

ID=9433201

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930402138 Revoked EP0592258B1 (de) 1992-09-04 1993-09-02 Abgasvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0592258B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69315034T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2108841T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2695431B1 (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4072471A (en) * 1974-05-28 1978-02-07 Mobil Oil Corporation Catalytic converter for removing noxious components from a gaseous stream
DE2428964A1 (de) * 1974-06-15 1976-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Abgasreaktor, insbesondere fuer brennkraftmaschinen
DE3760312D1 (en) * 1986-08-07 1989-08-17 Leistritz Ag Exhaust gas cleaning device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2695431A1 (fr) 1994-03-11
ES2108841T3 (es) 1998-01-01
EP0592258A1 (de) 1994-04-13
FR2695431B1 (fr) 1994-10-14
DE69315034D1 (de) 1997-12-11
DE69315034T2 (de) 1998-04-23

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