EP0591800B1 - Fuel cell battery - Google Patents
Fuel cell battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0591800B1 EP0591800B1 EP93115543A EP93115543A EP0591800B1 EP 0591800 B1 EP0591800 B1 EP 0591800B1 EP 93115543 A EP93115543 A EP 93115543A EP 93115543 A EP93115543 A EP 93115543A EP 0591800 B1 EP0591800 B1 EP 0591800B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plates
- fuel cell
- cell block
- chamber
- channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel cell block, which comprises a component made of two plates arranged parallel to one another.
- a fuel cell generally consists of an electrically conductive current transfer plate, a cathode, an ion-conductive intermediate layer, an anode and a further electrically conductive current transfer plate, which are stacked one on top of the other as flat plates and form an electrolyte electrode unit.
- Fuel cells of this structure are, inter alia, by the "Fuel Cell Handbook” from Appelby and Foulkes, New York, 1989, by the article by K. Strasser "Fuel cells for electrical traction", VDI reports No. 912, 1992, pages 125-145 and by the German patent DE 27 29 640 is known. Because the fuel cell can convert chemically bound energy directly into electrical energy, it enables fuel, such as. B. hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, with higher efficiency and with less pollution for the environment in electrical energy than the previously known conventional internal combustion engines, the efficiency of which is limited by the so-called Carnot process can do.
- a fuel cell block is made up of alternately stacked electrolyte electrode units, gas compartments, cooling units and pressure pads.
- the individual liquid and gas spaces of a fuel cell block are supplied from axial channels through channels running in the plate plane and running through the seals.
- the axial channels run perpendicular to the plane of the stacked plate-shaped components of the fuel cell block.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a fuel cell block with a component which is likewise formed from two intermediate layers and the supply and disposal by grooves running in the plate plane of both the space between the Intermediate layers as well as the rooms below and above.
- the component should be easily modifiable to adapt to different functions (gas supply, liquid supply) before and during the construction of, for example, a fuel cell block.
- the use of such a component is said to lead to a fuel cell block which is distinguished by a low manufacturing price, high operational reliability and, in particular, simple construction.
- a component built into a fuel cell block, is provided that comprises two plates arranged parallel to one another, which together with flat components of the device which are adjacent on both sides, form a first and a second space on both sides of the component, of which a third space is enclosed in a gas-tight manner between the two plates and at least one gas-tight channel, which also runs between the plates in the plate plane and is connected on the input side to at least one vestibule, is provided, the mouth side of the channel, if necessary, to at least one of the three rooms can be connected.
- the vestibule can be an axial channel, which is formed by openings in these plate-shaped components and runs perpendicular to the plane of the plate, in the case of a stack arrangement of plate-shaped components of the device.
- a further embodiment of the invention has hereby already been addressed, in which a plurality of axial channels can be provided in the edge region of the stack arrangement.
- This makes it possible to supply different media to the individual components of the process engineering device, for. B. the fuel cell block, through the axial channels in the outer region of the stack arrangement, that is to say also in the outer region of the plates of the component.
- the inner area can be used to hold an anode or cathode or an electrolyte, for example, which are each in the form of flat layers with a square base area, for example.
- the axial channels can be sealed gas-tight against one another. It is thereby achieved that, for example, a gas-tight seal of the axial channels against one another is achieved by means of a seal and that a medium flowing in an axial channel can only be fed into one of the three spaces mentioned via at least one channel running in the plane of the plate. Ultimately, this is also the prerequisite for the component being able to be arranged at various points within a stack arrangement of fuel cells, that is to say a fuel cell block.
- an anode and a cathode can be arranged between two components according to the invention parallel to the plane of the plate, between which there is an electrolyte that conducts oxygen, a proton or a hydroxide ion.
- the components in the direct enclosure of the electrolyte electrode unit are suitable for supplying the gases Anode or cathode gas space as well as for the supply and discharge of a cooling medium and also for the construction of a pressure pad.
- a humidifier membrane, a gas space and a further humidifier membrane can be arranged between two components parallel to the plate level in the order mentioned. This enables the components according to the invention to be advantageously used within a fuel cell block as part of a gas humidifier unit.
- the properties mentioned under c) and d) above also ensure easy modification of the component for supplying at least one of the three rooms mentioned. Furthermore, this means that the component can be easily adapted to the desired purpose even when a process engineering device is being set up.
- FIG. 1 In the detail of a section shown in FIG. 1 through a stack arrangement of intermediate layers 2, 4 of a fuel cell block, two radial channels 12, 14 are arranged perpendicular to an axial channel 10. Rooms 16, 18 lying between the intermediate layers 2, 4 are supplied via the radial channels 12, 14. Between the Intermediate layer 4 and the intermediate layer 2 is a further component 20, which can be used, for example, to hold a coolant or pressurized gas (pressure pad), not shown here, and is spaced and sealed from the intermediate layers 2, 4 by means of seals 22.
- the arrangement shown in Figure 1 is only suitable for supplying the rooms 16, 18 with a liquid or gaseous medium. The spaces 24, 26, 28 above, below and between the component 20 cannot be supplied with this arrangement.
- the intermediate layers 2, 4 must be designed differently from FIG. 1 and used in a structure that is otherwise unchanged from FIG. 1, as shown in FIG with the radial channels 13, 15 is shown.
- the intermediate layers 2, 4 To supply the four spaces 16, 24, 26, 28 repeating themselves along a stack arrangement of intermediate layers 2, 4, seals 22 and components 20 of a fuel cell block (not shown further here), it is therefore necessary to use the cutouts from the intermediate layers shown in FIGS 2, 4, further radial channels can be provided in the intermediate layers 2, 4, via which the spaces 24, 28 are also supplied with a liquid or gaseous medium which flows in through further corresponding axial channels.
- the design of the radial channels 12-15 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is only possible if the fuel cell has an electrolyte space with a relatively large thickness (approx. 1.8 mm) and thick electrodes (approx. 1 mm). If the electrolyte consists only of a membrane (approx. 0.2 mm) or an electrolyte matrix (approx. 0.2 mm) and if only thin electrodes ( ⁇ 0.1 mm) are used, the intermediate layers 2, 4 become superfluous.
- the seal 22 then seals directly on the membrane electrolyte, the electrolyte matrix or a thin frame in which the electrolyte matrix is tightly installed, but the thickness of which is not sufficient for radial channels 12-15 according to FIGS. 1 and 2. In this case, the radial channels 12 - 15 must be integrated in the seal 22 or in the components 20. Any other shape increases the cost of expensive materials and the internal resistance of the fuel cell block, increases the manufacturing effort and costs additional weight and volume.
- FIG. 3 shows a top view of a component 38 which comprises two plates 40, 42 arranged parallel to one another.
- the plates 40, 42 are connected to one another by means of a gas-tight weld seam 44 (indicated by dash-dotted lines).
- a flat, cuboid-shaped, structured space is enclosed between the plates 40, 42 in a gas-tight manner with a base area, which in the exemplary embodiment is square and circumscribed by the lines 71, 73.
- the structure of the plates 40, 42 is designed such that the elevations, which are shown in more detail in FIGS. 4-6, rest against the plates 40, 42 for axial current conduction. This structure at the same time ensures the permeability for liquid and gaseous media in the radial direction (in the plane of the plate) between the plates 40, 42.
- Openings 46-52 are provided in the plates 40, 42 and form part of the axial channels 54-60.
- the axial channels 54-60 each have two channels 62-68 running in the plane of the plate.
- the channels 62-68 are created by joining the plates 40, 42, which have congruent embossed, semicircular, groove-shaped depressions.
- the channels 62, 64, 66 are initially identical and are then opened upwards or downwards depending on the space to be supplied. Only channels 68 are opposite each other the channels 62 - 66 longer and initially intended to supply the space between the plates 40, 42. However, the channels 68 can also assume the function of the channels 62-66 if the weld seam 44 were pulled perpendicular to the channels 68, as is the case with the channels 62-66.
- the hatching in FIG. 3 indicates a seal 70, which is located above and below the plates 40, 42 and seals the axial channels 54 - 60 against one another and the space above and the space below the plates 40, 42 on the sides seals the environment.
- the seal 70 consists, for example, of an elastomer and has a thickness of approximately 3 mm in the exemplary embodiment.
- the space above and the space below the plates 40, 42 are completely limited by stacking a further component 38 or a further functional unit on the seal 70.
- This can be, for example, an electrolyte electrode unit as a functional unit shown in FIGS which are installed in the order of a contact plate 77, a plate made of carbon paper, an anode 80, a PEM 82 (polymer electrolyte membrane), a cathode 84, a further plate made of carbon paper and a further contact plate 77.
- the space below the component 38 could be closed, for example, by a functional element (not shown further), which in the sequence has a humidifier membrane, a gas space and a further humidifier membrane.
- the space below the plates 40, 42 of the component 38 is supplied via the axial channel 54 and the channels 62.
- this space is acted upon with water, in order to do so through the water underneath the humidifier membrane arranged gas space to humidify flowing gas.
- this is a hydrogen gas.
- the humidified hydrogen gas can then be introduced, for example, through the axial channel 56 and the channels 64 into the space above the plates 40, 42 and can thus be fed to an anode arranged above in the exemplary embodiment.
- the space between the plates 40, 42 is acted upon by cooling water via the axial channel 60 and the channels 68.
- oxygen flows through the axial channel 58. Since none of the spaces to be supplied by means of the component 38 have to be supplied with oxygen gas in the assumed case, the channels 66 are welded over and neither drilled through the upper plate 40 nor through the lower plate 42 and thus opened.
- the mirror-image channels are arranged so that the media essentially describe a diagonal flow in the plate plane.
- FIGS. 4 to 6 show sections from different sections in the axial direction through a fuel cell block 36 with several components 38 according to the invention.
- the section shown in FIG. 4 shows a section through the fuel cell block 36 along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3.
- the seals 70 are shown in section here.
- An electrolyte electrode unit consisting of the order of a contact plate 77 with punched-out contact tongues 79, an anode 80, a PEM 82 and a cathode 84 and a further contact plate 77, is installed between each of two components 38.
- the anode 80 and the cathode 84 each have a layer of carbon paper on the side facing away from the PEM 82, but this is not shown here.
- the cooling water 86 flowing in through the axial channel 60 flows via the channels 68 into the spaces 72 enclosed by the plates 40, 42 in a gastight and water-tight manner .
- FIG. 5 shows a section of a fuel cell block 36 along the line V - V of FIG. 3.
- Hydrogen gas (H 2 ) 88 flows through the axial channel 54 and further through the channels 62 into the spaces 74 located below the plates 42. Downward the spaces 74 are each bounded by the anode 80 and PEM 82 adjoining the contact plate 77 in the axial direction.
- the spaces 72 enclosed by the plates 40, 42 are sealed gas-tight with respect to the channels 62 by the weld seams 44.
- the channels 62 are opened to the spaces 74 by simply drilling out the plates 42.
- FIG. 6 shows a section through the fuel cell block 36 along the line VI-VI of FIG. 3.
- the axial channel 58 is flowed through by oxygen gas (O 2 ) 90, which flows through the radial channels 64 into the spaces 76 located above the plates 40 .
- the spaces 76 are each closed by the cathode 84 adjoining the contact plate 77 and the membrane electrolyte (PEM) 82.
- the channels 64 are opened to the rooms 76 here by simply boring the plates 40.
- the radial channel 68 need not be modified to supply the space 72.
- the channels, which are enclosed with weld seams 44, are to be opened in the plate 42 and in the plate 40 in accordance with FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the plates 40, 42 and the weld 44 are designed in such a way that they withstand the pressures prevailing in the operation of a fuel cell block 36 in the individual liquid and gas spaces. These are, for example, a hydrogen pressure of 2.0 bar and an oxygen pressure of 2.3 bar.
- semicircular groove-shaped elevations or frustoconical elevations 92 can also be provided for spacing the plates 40, 42, the structure of which is offset from one another.
- the hemispherical or semicircular-groove-shaped or truncated cone-shaped elevations 92 define the volume and the structure of the space 72 enclosed by the plates 40, 42.
- the use of the component 38 in a fuel cell block with a compact stack arrangement of individual components results in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the elevations of the plates 40, 42 of the component 38 if the plates 40, 42 have frusto-conical elevations 92 which determine their mutual distance. Their centers span the area of an equilateral triangle. These equilateral triangles are arranged on plates 40, 42 which are directly adjacent to one another, offset by approximately half the distance between adjacent truncated cone-shaped elevations 92. It is the smallest radius of the truncated cone-shaped elevation is greater than half the radius of the circumscribing triangle Circle.
- a truncated cone of plate 40 is arranged concentrically with the equilateral triangle, which is formed from three truncated cones of plate 42, and at the same time rests on the three truncated cones. Slipping of the elevations of adjacent plates 40, 42 is thus reliably prevented.
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Brennstoffzellenblock, der ein Bauelement aus zwei zueinander parallel angeordneten Platten umfaßt.The invention relates to a fuel cell block, which comprises a component made of two plates arranged parallel to one another.
Eine Brennstoffzelle besteht im allgemeinen aus einer elektrisch leitenden Stromübertragerplatte, einer Kathode, einer Ionen-leitenden Zwischenschicht, einer Anode und einer weiteren elektrisch leitenden Stromübertragerplatte, die in der genannten Reihenfolge als ebene Platten aufeinander gestapelt sind und eine Elektrolyt-Elektrodeneinheit bilden.A fuel cell generally consists of an electrically conductive current transfer plate, a cathode, an ion-conductive intermediate layer, an anode and a further electrically conductive current transfer plate, which are stacked one on top of the other as flat plates and form an electrolyte electrode unit.
Brennstoffzellen dieses Aufbaus sind u.a. durch das "Fuel Cell Handbook" von Appelby and Foulkes, New York, 1989, durch den Aufsatz von K. Strasser "Brennstoffzellen für Elektrotraktion", VDI-Berichte Nr. 912, 1992, Seiten 125 - 145 sowie durch das deutsche Patent DE 27 29 640 bekannt. Weil die Brennstoffzelle chemisch gebundene Energie unmittelbar in elektrische Energie umsetzen kann, ermöglicht sie es, Brennstoff, wie z. B. Wasserstoff, Erdgas, Biogas, mit höherem Wirkungsgrad und mit geringerer Belastung für die Umwelt in elektrische Energie umzuwandeln, als es die bisher bekannten konventionellen Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, deren Wirkungsgrad durch den sogenannten Carnot'schen Prozess begrenzt ist, zu tun vermögen.Fuel cells of this structure are, inter alia, by the "Fuel Cell Handbook" from Appelby and Foulkes, New York, 1989, by the article by K. Strasser "Fuel cells for electrical traction", VDI reports No. 912, 1992, pages 125-145 and by the German patent DE 27 29 640 is known. Because the fuel cell can convert chemically bound energy directly into electrical energy, it enables fuel, such as. B. hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, with higher efficiency and with less pollution for the environment in electrical energy than the previously known conventional internal combustion engines, the efficiency of which is limited by the so-called Carnot process can do.
Ein Brennstoffzellenblock ist aus abwechselnd aufeinander gestapelten Elektrolyt-Elektrodeneinheiten, Gasräumen, Kühleinheiten und Druckkissen aufgebaut.A fuel cell block is made up of alternately stacked electrolyte electrode units, gas compartments, cooling units and pressure pads.
Zwischen diesen einzelnen Einheiten sind Dichtungen und eventuell Abstandshalter eingebaut. Die einzelnen Flüssigkeits - und Gasräume eines Brennstoffzellenblockes werden von axialen Kanälen aus durch in der Plattenebene verlaufende Kanäle, die durch die Dichtungen verlaufen, versorgt. Die axialen Kanäle verlaufen hierbei senkrecht zur Ebene der übereinander gestapelten plattenförmigen Komponenten des Brennstoffzellenblockes.Seals and possibly spacers are installed between these individual units. The individual liquid and gas spaces of a fuel cell block are supplied from axial channels through channels running in the plate plane and running through the seals. The axial channels run perpendicular to the plane of the stacked plate-shaped components of the fuel cell block.
Zur Versorgung eines Flüssigkeits- oder Gasraumes wurde bisher ein Kanal verwendet, der durch das Zusammenlegen zweier Zwischenlagen, die in der Plattenebene verlaufende Nuten aufweisen, gebildet wird. Diese Nuten müssen im Bereich der Dichtungen abgestützt werden. Die Funktion eines aus zwei Zwischenlagen gebildeten Bauelements wurde durch die Anordnung der Nuten bereits vor der Herstellung der Zwischenlagen festgelegt. Eine Verwendung dieses Bauelements für eine andere Aufgabe, d. h. zur Versorgung eines anderen Flüssigkeits- oder Gasraumes ist daher nachteiligerweise nicht möglich. Brennstoffzellen, die diese Art von Bauelementen aufweisen, sind beispielsweise aus den deutschen Patentschriften 1 930 116 und 27 29 640 bekannt. Diese aus zwei Zwischenlagen gebildeten Bauelemente haben darüberhinaus den weiteren Nachteil, daß ihre Dicke aus konstruktiven Gründen so groß ist, daß ihre Verwendung beispielsweise in einem Block aus PEM-Brennstoffzellen aus vielfältigen Gründen nachteilig ist.Until now, a channel was used to supply a liquid or gas space, which is formed by combining two intermediate layers, which have grooves running in the plane of the plate. These grooves must be supported in the area of the seals. The function of a component formed from two intermediate layers was determined by the arrangement of the grooves before the intermediate layers were produced. Use of this device for another task, i. H. disadvantageously, it is therefore not possible to supply another liquid or gas space. Fuel cells which have this type of component are known, for example, from German Patents 1 930 116 and 27 29 640. These components formed from two intermediate layers also have the further disadvantage that their thickness is so great for design reasons that their use, for example in a block made of PEM fuel cells, is disadvantageous for a variety of reasons.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Brennstoffzellenblock mit einem Bauelement anzugeben, das ebenfalls aus zwei Zwischenlagen gebildet wird und die Ver- und Entsorgung durch in der Plattenebene verlaufende Nuten sowohl des Raumes zwischen den Zwischenlagen als auch der darunter- und darüberliegenden Räume ermöglicht. Hierbei soll das Bauelement zur Anpassung an unterschiedliche Funktionen (Gasversorgung, Flüssigkeitsversorgung) vor und während des Aufbaus beispielsweise eines Brennstoffzellenblockes einfach modifizierbar sein. Dabei soll die Verwendung eines solchen Bauelementes zu einem Brennstoffzellenblock führen, die sich durch einen niedrigen Herstellungspreis, durch eine hohe Betriebssicherheit und besonders durch einen einfachen Aufbau auszeichnet.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a fuel cell block with a component which is likewise formed from two intermediate layers and the supply and disposal by grooves running in the plate plane of both the space between the Intermediate layers as well as the rooms below and above. Here, the component should be easily modifiable to adapt to different functions (gas supply, liquid supply) before and during the construction of, for example, a fuel cell block. The use of such a component is said to lead to a fuel cell block which is distinguished by a low manufacturing price, high operational reliability and, in particular, simple construction.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß ein Bauelement, eingebaut in einen Brennstoffzellenblock, vorgesehen ist, daß zwei zueinander parallel angeordnete Platten umfaßt, die zusammen mit beidseitig anliegenden flächigen Bauteilen der Einrichtung beidseitig des Bauelementes je einen ersten und zweiten Raum bilden, wobei von den beiden Platten ein dritter Raum zwischen denselben gasdicht umschlossen ist und mindestens ein ebenfalls zwischen den Platten in der Plattenebene verlaufender gasdichter Kanal, der eingangsseitig mit mindestens einem beliebigen Vorraum in Verbindung steht, vorgesehen ist, wobei die Mündungsseite des Kanals bedarfsweise an mindestens einen der drei Räume anschließbar ist.The object is achieved in that a component, built into a fuel cell block, is provided that comprises two plates arranged parallel to one another, which together with flat components of the device which are adjacent on both sides, form a first and a second space on both sides of the component, of which a third space is enclosed in a gas-tight manner between the two plates and at least one gas-tight channel, which also runs between the plates in the plate plane and is connected on the input side to at least one vestibule, is provided, the mouth side of the channel, if necessary, to at least one of the three rooms can be connected.
Hierdurch ist es möglich, mindestens einen der drei genannten Räume mit dem in dem Vorraum zuströmenden Medium zu versorgen oder das in mindestens einem der drei Räume befindliche Medium aus diesem abzuführen.This makes it possible to supply at least one of the three rooms mentioned with the medium flowing into the anteroom or to discharge the medium located in at least one of the three rooms from it.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann der Vorraum bei einer Stapelanordnung von plattenförmigen Bauteilen der Einrichtung ein durch Durchbrüche in diesen plattenförmigen Bauteilen gebildeter, senkrecht zur Plattenebene verlaufender, axialer Kanal sein. Dies bedeutet im besonderen, daß es mit drei vorhandenen axialen Kanälen mit den korrespondierenden, in der Plattenebene verlaufenden Kanälen möglich ist, die drei genannten Räume jeweils mit verschiedenen Medien zu beaufschlagen.In an advantageous further development of the invention, the vestibule can be an axial channel, which is formed by openings in these plate-shaped components and runs perpendicular to the plane of the plate, in the case of a stack arrangement of plate-shaped components of the device. This means in particular that it is possible with three existing axial channels with the corresponding channels running in the plane of the plate to apply different media to each of the three spaces mentioned.
Hiermit ist eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bereits angesprochen worden, bei der mehrere axiale Kanäle im Randbereich der Stapelanordnung vorgesehen sein können. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Zufuhr von verschiedenen Medien zu den einzelnen Bauteilen der verfahrenstechnischen Einrichtung, z. B. des Brennstoffzellenblockes, durch die axialen Kanäle im äußeren Bereich der Stapelanordnung, also auch im äußeren Bereich der Platten des Bauelementes, vorzusehen. Dadurch kann der innere Bereich zur Aufnahme spielsweise einer Anode oder Kathode oder eines Elektrolyten, die jeweils als flache Schichten mit einer beispielsweise quadratischen Grundfläche vorliegen, genutzt werden.A further embodiment of the invention has hereby already been addressed, in which a plurality of axial channels can be provided in the edge region of the stack arrangement. This makes it possible to supply different media to the individual components of the process engineering device, for. B. the fuel cell block, through the axial channels in the outer region of the stack arrangement, that is to say also in the outer region of the plates of the component. As a result, the inner area can be used to hold an anode or cathode or an electrolyte, for example, which are each in the form of flat layers with a square base area, for example.
Hierbei ist es besonders sinnvoll, wenn die axialen Kanäle gegeneinander gasdicht abschließbar sind. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß beispielsweise mittels einer Dichtung ein gasdichter Abschluß der axialen Kanäle gegeneinander erzielt wird und daß ein in einem axialen Kanal zuströmendes Medium nur über mindestens einen in der Plattenebene verlaufenden Kanal in einen der drei genannten Räume zuführbar ist. Dies ist letztendlich auch die Voraussetzung dafür, daß das Bauelement an verschiedenen Stellen innerhalb einer Stapelanordnung von Brennstoffzellen, also einem Brennstoffzellenblock, angeordnet sein kann. Auf diese Weise kann beispielsweise zwischen zwei erfindungsgemäßen Bauelementen parallel zur Plattenebene eine Anode und eine Kathode angeordnet sein, zwischen denen sich ein Sauerstoffionen, ein Protonen- oder ein Hydroxidionenleitender Elektrolyt befindet. Hierdurch eignen sich die Bauelemente in direkter Umfassung der Elektrolyt-Elektrodeneinheit zur Zuführung der Gase zum Anoden- oder Kathodengasraum sowie zur Zu- und Abfuhr eines Kühlmediums und darüberhinaus zum Aufbau eines Druckkissens.It is particularly useful here if the axial channels can be sealed gas-tight against one another. It is thereby achieved that, for example, a gas-tight seal of the axial channels against one another is achieved by means of a seal and that a medium flowing in an axial channel can only be fed into one of the three spaces mentioned via at least one channel running in the plane of the plate. Ultimately, this is also the prerequisite for the component being able to be arranged at various points within a stack arrangement of fuel cells, that is to say a fuel cell block. In this way, for example, an anode and a cathode can be arranged between two components according to the invention parallel to the plane of the plate, between which there is an electrolyte that conducts oxygen, a proton or a hydroxide ion. As a result, the components in the direct enclosure of the electrolyte electrode unit are suitable for supplying the gases Anode or cathode gas space as well as for the supply and discharge of a cooling medium and also for the construction of a pressure pad.
Weiterhin kann zwischen zwei Bauelementen parallel zur Plattenebene eine Befeuchtermembran, einen Gasraum und eine weitere Befeuchtermembran in der genannten Reihenfolge angeordnet sein. Hierdurch ist ein vorteilhafter Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Bauelemente innnerhab eines Brennstoffzellenblockes als Bestandteil einer Gasbefeuchtereinheit möglich.Furthermore, a humidifier membrane, a gas space and a further humidifier membrane can be arranged between two components parallel to the plate level in the order mentioned. This enables the components according to the invention to be advantageously used within a fuel cell block as part of a gas humidifier unit.
Um bei der Zu- und Abfuhr von flüssigen oder gasförmigen Medien eine besonders hohe Betriebssicherheit der verfahrenstechnischen Einrichtung zu erreichen, kann das Bauelement eine oder mehrere der nachfolgend genannten Eigenschaften aufweisen. Es sind dies:
- a) Die beiden Platten des Bauelementes sind zum gasdichten Abschluß des dritten Raumes an ihren Rändern miteinander verschweißt.
- b) Die beiden Platten des Bauelementes sind um die im Wandbereich eingelassenen Durchbrüche herum gasdicht miteinander verschweißt;
- c) Die in der Plattenebene verlaufenden Kanäle sind zur Versorgung des ersten oder zweiten Raumes innerhalb der die Durchbrüche umschließenden Schweißnaht zum gewünschten ersten oder zweiten Raum hin durch Aufbohren der den entsprechenden Raum begrenzenden Platte geöffnet; oder
- d) Der in Plattenebene verlaufende gasdichte Kanal zur Versorgung des dritten Raumes zwischen den beiden Platten ist bei der Umschweißung des ihm zugeordneten Durchbruches ausgenommen.
- a) The two plates of the component are welded together at their edges for gas-tight closure of the third room.
- b) The two plates of the component are welded together gas-tight around the openings in the wall area;
- c) The channels running in the plate plane are opened to supply the first or second space within the weld seam surrounding the openings to the desired first or second space by drilling out the plate delimiting the corresponding space; or
- d) The gas-tight channel running in the plane of the plate for supplying the third space between the two plates is excluded from the welding of the breakthrough assigned to it.
Besonders die obenstehend unter den Ziffern c) und d) genannten Eigenschaften gewährleisten auch die leichte Modifizierbarkeit des Bauelementes zur Versorgung von mindestens einem der drei genannten Räume. Darüberhinaus bedeutet dies, daß das Bauelement sogar noch beim Aufbau einer verfahrenstechnischen Einrichtung leicht an den gewünschten Verwendungszweck angepaßt werden kann.In particular, the properties mentioned under c) and d) above also ensure easy modification of the component for supplying at least one of the three rooms mentioned. Furthermore, this means that the component can be easily adapted to the desired purpose even when a process engineering device is being set up.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den übrigen Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the remaining subclaims.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
- Figur 1
- einen Teilquerschnitt einer Stapelanordnung von Zwischenlagen einer Brennstoffzelle entsprechend dem Stand der Technik (P 21 29 187.2);
Figur 2- einen anderen Teilquerschnitt durch eine Stapelanordnung von Zwischenlagen der Brennstoffzelle von Figur 1 entsprechend dem Stand der Technik (P 21 29 187.2);
- Figur 3
- eine Aufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäß verwendetes Bauelement;
Figur 4- einen Teilquerschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellenblock mit drei Bauelementen;
- Figur 5
- einen anderen Teilquerschnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellenblock der
Figur 4 mit drei Bauelementen; und - Figur 6
- einen weiteren Teilquerschnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellenblock der
Figur 4 mit drei Bauelementen.
- Figure 1
- a partial cross section of a stack arrangement of intermediate layers of a fuel cell according to the prior art (P 21 29 187.2);
- Figure 2
- another partial cross section through a stack arrangement of intermediate layers of the fuel cell of Figure 1 according to the prior art (P 21 29 187.2);
- Figure 3
- a top view of a component used according to the invention;
- Figure 4
- a partial cross section through a fuel cell block according to the invention with three components;
- Figure 5
- another partial cross section through the fuel cell block of Figure 4 according to the invention with three components; and
- Figure 6
- a further partial cross section through the fuel cell block of Figure 4 according to the invention with three components.
In dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausschnitt eines Schnittes durch eine Stapelanordnung von Zwischenlagen 2, 4 eines Brennstoffzellenblockes sind senkrecht zu einem axialen Kanal 10 zwei radiale Kanäle 12, 14 angeordnet. Über die radialen Kanäle 12, 14 werden jeweils zwischen den Zwischenlagen 2, 4 liegende Räume 16, 18 versorgt. Zwischen der Zwischenlage 4 und der Zwischenlage 2 ist ein weiteres Bauteil 20, das beispielsweise zur Aufnahme eines hier nicht weiter dargestellten Kühlmittels oder Druckgases (Druckkissen) verwendet sein kann, eingebaut und mittels Dichtungen 22 gegenüber den Zwischenlagen 2, 4 beabstandet und abgedichtet. Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Anordnung eignet sich nur zur Versorgung der Räume 16, 18 mit einem flüssigen oder gasförmigen Medium. Die oberhalb, unterhalb und zwischen dem Bauteil 20 liegenden Räume 24, 26, 28 können mit dieser Anordnung nicht versorgt werden.In the detail of a section shown in FIG. 1 through a stack arrangement of
Um beispielsweise den Raum 26 unterhalb des Bauteils 20 mit einem flüssigen oder gasförmigen Medium versorgen zu können, müssen die Zwischenlagen 2, 4 gegenüber der Figur 1 anders ausgebildet und in einem ansonsten gegenüber der Figur 1 unveränderten Aufbau eingesetzt werden, wie dies in der Figur 2 mit den radialen Kanälen 13, 15 dargestellt ist. Zur Versorgung der vier sich entlang einer Stapelanordnung von Zwischenlagen 2, 4, Dichtungen 22 und Bauteilen 20 eines hier nicht weiter dargestellten Brennstoffzellenblock wiederholenden Räume 16, 24, 26, 28 müssen daher über die in der Figur 1 und Figur 2 dargestellten Ausschnitte aus den Zwischenlagen 2, 4, noch weitere radiale Kanäle in den Zwischenlagen 2, 4 vorgesehen sein, über die auch die Räume 24, 28 mit einem flüssigen oder gasförmigen Medium, das durch weitere entsprechende axiale Kanäle einströmt, versorgt werden.For example, in order to be able to supply the
Die Gestaltung der radialen Kanäle 12 - 15 entsprechend Figur 1 und 2 ist nur dann möglich, wenn die Brennstoffzelle einen Elektrolytraum mit relativ großer Dicke (ca. 1,8 mm) und dicken Elektroden (ca. 1 mm) aufweist. Besteht der Elektrolyt nur aus einer Membrane (ca. 0,2 mm) oder einer Elektrolytmatrix (ca. 0,2 mm) und werden nur dünne Elektroden (< 0,1 mm) eingesetzt, so werden die Zwischenlagen 2, 4 überflüssig. Die Dichtung 22 dichtet dann direkt am Membranelektrolyten, der Elektrolytmatrix oder einem dünnen Rahmen, in dem die Elektrolytmatrix dicht eingebaut ist, deren Dicke aber für radiale Kanäle 12 - 15 gemäß Figur 1 und 2 nicht ausreicht. In diesem Fall müssen die radialen Kanäle 12 - 15 in die Dichtung 22 oder in die Bauteile 20 integriert werden. Jede andere Form erhöht den Aufwand von teueren Materialien und den Innenwiderstand des Brennstoffzellenblockes, vergrößert den Fertigungsaufwand und kostet zusätzliches Gewicht und Volumen.The design of the radial channels 12-15 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is only possible if the fuel cell has an electrolyte space with a relatively large thickness (approx. 1.8 mm) and thick electrodes (approx. 1 mm). If the electrolyte consists only of a membrane (approx. 0.2 mm) or an electrolyte matrix (approx. 0.2 mm) and if only thin electrodes (<0.1 mm) are used, the
Die Figur 3 zeigt in Aufsicht ein Bauelement 38, das zwei zueinander parallel angeordnete Platten 40, 42 umfaßt. Die Platten 40, 42 sind mittels einer gasdichten Schweißnaht 44 (strichpunktiert angedeutet) miteinander verbunden. Mittels der Schweißnaht 44 wird zwischen den Platten 40, 42 ein flacher quaderförmiger, strukturierter Raum mit einer im Ausführungsbeispiel quadratischen mit den Linien 71, 73 umschriebenen Grundfläche gasdicht eingeschlossen. Die Struktur der Platten 40, 42 ist dabei so ausgestaltet, daß die Erhebungen, die in den Figuren 4 - 6 näher dargestellt sind, der Platten 40, 42 zur axialen Stromleitung anliegen. Durch diese Struktur ist gleichzeitig die Durchlässigkeit für flüssige und gasförmige Medien in radialer Richtung (in Plattenebene) zwischen den Platten 40, 42 gewährleistet.FIG. 3 shows a top view of a
In den Platten 40, 42 sind Durchbrüche 46 - 52 vorgesehen, die einen Teil der axialen Kanäle 54 - 60 bilden. An die axialen Kanäle 54 - 60 schließen sich jeweils zwei in der Plattenebene verlaufende Kanäle 62 - 68 an. Die Kanäle 62 - 68 entstehen dabei durch das Zusammenfügen der Platten 40, 42, die deckungsgleich eingeprägte, halbrunde, rillenförmige Vertiefungen aufweisen. Die Kanäle 62, 64, 66 sind zunächst identisch ausgebildet und werden dann in Abhängigkeit von dem zu versorgenden Raum nach oben oder nach unten geöffnet. Einzigallein die Kanäle 68 sind gegenüber den Kanälen 62 - 66 länger ausgeführt und zunächst zur Versorgung des Raumes zwischen den Platten 40, 42 vorgesehen. Die Kanäle 68 können aber ebenso die Funktion der Kanäle 62 - 66 einnehmen, wenn die Schweißnaht 44 senkrecht zu den Kanälen 68 durchgezogen würde, wie es bei den Kanälen 62 - 66 ausgestaltet ist.Openings 46-52 are provided in the
Durch die Schraffur in der Figur 3 ist eine Dichtung 70 angedeutet, die sich oberhalb und unterhalb der Platten 40, 42 befindet und die axialen Kanäle 54 - 60 gegeneinander abdichtet und den Raum oberhalb und den Raum unterhalb der Platten 40, 42 nach den Seiten gegenüber der Umgebung abdichtet. Die Dichtung 70 besteht beispielsweise aus einem Elastomer und hat im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Dicke von etwa 3 mm. Vollständig begrenzt wird der Raum oberhalb und der Raum unterhalb der Platten 40, 42 durch das Aufstapeln eines weiteren Bauelements 38 oder einer weiteren Funktionseinheit auf die Dichtung 70. Dies kann beispielsweise eine in den Figuren 4 - 6 dargestellte Elektrolyt-Elektrodeneinheit als Funktionseinheit sein, in die in der Reihenfolge ein Kontaktblech 77, eine Platte aus Kohlepapier, eine Anode 80, eine PEM 82 (Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran), eine Kathode 84 eine weitere Platte aus Kohlenpapier und ein weiteres Kontaktblech 77 eingebaut sind.The hatching in FIG. 3 indicates a
Der Raum unterhalb des Bauelements 38 könnte beispielsweise durch ein nicht weiter dargestelltes Funktionselement, das in der Reihenfolge eine Befeuchtermembran, einen Gasraum und eine weitere Befeuchtermembran aufweist, abgeschlossen sein. In dem in Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Versorgung des Raumes unterhalb der Platten 40, 42 des Bauelements 38 über den axialen Kanal 54 sowie die Kanäle 62 vorgesehen. Im angenommenen Fall einer sich unterhalb der Platten 40, 42 des Bauelements 38 anschließenden Befeuchtermembran wird dieser Raum mit Wasser beaufschlagt, um das durch den unterhalb der Befeuchtermembran angeordneten Gasraum strömende Gas zu befeuchten. Dies ist im hier angenommenen Ausführungsbeispiel ein Wasserstoffgas.The space below the
Das befeuchtete Wasserstoffgas kann anschließend beispielsweise durch den axialen Kanal 56 und die Kanäle 64 in den Raum oberhalb der Platten 40, 42 eingeleitet und damit einer im Ausführungsbeispiel angenommenen darüber angeordneten Anode zugeführt werden. Über den axialen Kanal 60 und die Kanäle 68 wird im Ausführungsbeispiel der Raum zwischen den Platten 40, 42 mit Kühlwasser beaufschlagt. Durch den axialen Kanal 58 strömt im Ausführungsbeispiel Sauerstoff. Da keiner der mittels des Bauelements 38 zu versorgenden Räume im angenommenen Fall mit Sauerstoffgas beaufschlagt werden muß, sind die Kanäle 66 umschweißt und weder durch die obere Platte 40 noch durch die untere Platte 42 angebohrt und damit geöffnet worden.The humidified hydrogen gas can then be introduced, for example, through the axial channel 56 and the
Aufgrund des punktsymmetrischen Aufbaus des Bauelementes 38 ist es möglich, die über die axialen Kanäle 54, 56, 60 und die radialen Kanäle 62, 64, 68 zugeführten Medien auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite (in der zeichnerischen Darstellung oben) des Bauelementes 38 wieder durch spiegelbildliche Kanäle abzuführen. Hierbei sind die spiegelbildlichen Kanäle so angeordnet, daß die Medien im wesentlichen eine in der Plattenebene diagonale Strömung beschreiben.Due to the point-symmetrical structure of the
In den Figuren 4 bis 6 sind Ausschnitte aus verschiedenen Schnitten in axialer Richtung durch einen Brennstoffzellenblock 36 mit mehreren erfindungsgemäßen Bauelementen 38 dargestellt.FIGS. 4 to 6 show sections from different sections in the axial direction through a
Der in Figur 4 dargestellte Ausschnitt zeigt dabei einen Schnitt durch den Brennstoffzellenblock 36 gemäß der Linie IV - IV in Figur 3. Im Gegensatz zu der in Figur 3 dargestellten Aufsicht auf ein Bauelement 38 sind hier die Dichtungen 70 im Schnitt dargestellt. Jeweils zwischen zwei Bauelementen 38 ist eine Elektrolyt-Elektrodeneinheit, bestehend der Reihenfolge nach aus einem Kontaktblech 77 mit ausgestanzten Kontaktzungen 79, einer Anode 80, einer PEM 82 und einer Kathode 84 sowie einem weiteren Kontaktblech 77, eingebaut. Die Anode 80 und die Kathode 84 weisen jeweils auf der der PEM 82 abgewandten Seite eine Schicht aus Kohlepapier auf, die jedoch hier nicht weiter dargestellt ist.The section shown in FIG. 4 shows a section through the
Das durch den axialen Kanal 60 heranströmende Kühlwasser 86 strömt über die Kanäle 68 in die von den Platten 40, 42 gas- und wasserdicht eingeschlossenen Räume 72. Mit den Bezugszeichen 76 und 74 sind die oberhalb bzw. unterhalb der Platten 40, 42 angeordneten Räume gekennzeichnet.The cooling
Die Figur 5 zeigt einen Schnitt aus einem Brennstoffzellenblock 36 längs der Linie V - V der Figur 3. Durch den axialen Kanal 54 strömt Wasserstoffgas (H2) 88 und weiter durch die Kanäle 62 in die unterhalb der Platten 42 befindlichen Räume 74. Nach unten hin sind die Räume 74 jeweils durch die sich in axialer Richtung nach dem Kontaktblech 77 anschließende Anode 80 und PEM 82 begrenzt. Die von den Platten 40, 42 eingeschlossenen Räume 72 werden durch die Schweißnähte 44 gegenüber den Kanälen 62 gasdicht abgeschlossen. Die Öffnung der Kanäle 62 zu den Räumen 74 geschieht durch einfaches Aufbohren der Platten 42.FIG. 5 shows a section of a
Die Figur 6 zeigt einen Schnitt durch den Brennstoffzellenblock 36 längs der LInie VI - VI der Figur 3. Der axiale Kanal 58 wird von Sauerstoffgas (O2) 90 durchströmt, das über die radialen Kanäle 64 in die oberhalb der Platten 40 befindlichen Räume 76 einströmt. Die Räume 76 sind jeweils durch die sich nach dem Kontaktblech 77 anschließende Kathode 84 und den Membranelektrolyten (PEM) 82 verschlossen. Die Öffnung der Kanäle 64 zu den Räumen 76 geschieht hier durch einfaches Aufbohren der Platten 40.FIG. 6 shows a section through the
Mittels des Bauelementes 38 ist es somit auf einfache Weise möglich, jeden beliebigen axialen Kanal 54 - 60 über die Kanäle 62 - 68 wahlweise in einen der drei Räume 72, 74, 76 münden zu lassen. Zur Versorgung des Raums 72 ist der radiale Kanal 68 nicht zu modifizieren. Zur Versorgung der Räume 74 und 76 sind die Kanäle, die mit Schweißnähten 44 umschlossen sind, entsprechend den Figuren 5 und 6 in der Platte 42 bzw. in der Platte 40 zu öffnen. Die Platten 40, 42 und die Schweißnaht 44 sind dabei derart konzipiert, daß sie den beim Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellenblockes 36 vorherrschenden Drücken in den einzelnen Flüssigkeits- und Gasräumen standhalten. Es sind dies beispielsweise ein Wasserstoffdruck von 2,0 bar, ein Sauerstoffdruck von 2,3 bar.By means of the
Zur Beabstandung der Platten 40, 42 können alternativ zu halbkugelförmigen Erhebungen auch halbrunde rillenförmige Erhebungen oder kegelstumpfförmige Erhebungen 92 in den Platten 40, 42 vorgesehen sein, deren Struktur gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet ist. Die halbkugelförmigen oder halbrund-rillenförmigen oder kegelstumpfförmigen Erhebungen 92 definieren dabei das Volumen und die Struktur des von den Platten 40, 42 eingeschlossenen Raums 72.As an alternative to hemispherical elevations, semicircular groove-shaped elevations or frustoconical elevations 92 can also be provided for spacing the
Zum Einsatz des Bauelementes 38 in einen Brennstoffzellenblock mit einer kompakten Stapelanordnung von einzelnen Bauteilen ergibt sich eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Erhebungen der Platten 40, 42 des Bauelementes 38, wenn die Platten 40, 42 ihren gegenseitigen Abstand bestimmende kegelstumpfförmige Erhebungen 92 aufweisen. Deren Mittelpunkte spannen die Fläche eines gleichseitigen Dreiecks auf. Diese gleichseitigen Dreiecke sind an unmittelbar aneinanderliegenden Platten 40, 42 um etwa den halben Abstand benachbarter kegelstupfförmiger Erhebungen 92 gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet. Dabei ist der kleinste Radius der kegelstumpfförmigen Erhebung größer als der halbe Radius des das gleichseitige Dreieck umschreibenden Kreises. Hierdurch ergibt sich, daß beispielsweise ein Kegelstumpf der Platte 40 konzentrisch zu dem gleichseitigen Dreieck, das aus drei Kegelstümpfen der Platte 42 gebildet wird, angeordnet ist und gleichzeitig auf den drei Kegelstümpfen aufliegt. Ein Ineinanderrutschen der Erhebungen benachbarter Platten 40, 42 ist damit zuverlässig ausgeschlossen.The use of the
Claims (11)
- Fuel cell block (36) which comprises two plates (40, 42) arranged parallel to each other, which together with flat structural parts (80, 84) abutting on both sides form a first chamber (76) and a second chamber (74), whereby the two plates (40, 42) enclose a third chamber (72) between them in a gastight manner and there is provided at least one gastight channel (62 - 68), likewise extending between the plates (40, 42) in the plane of the plates, which channel is connected on the input side to an antechamber (54 - 60), and whereby the opening side of the channel (62 - 68) is connected to at least one of the three chambers (72 - 76).
- Fuel cell block (36) according to claim 1, characterized in that the antechamber (54 - 60) in a stack arrangement of plate-shaped structural parts is an axial channel (54 - 60) formed by openings (46 - 52) in these plate-shaped structural parts (40, 42) and extending perpendicular to the plane of the plates.
- Fuel cell block (36) according to claim 2, characterized in that several axial channels (54 - 60) are provided in the edge region of the stack arrangement.
- Fuel cell block (36) according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that for the gastight sealing of the third chamber (72) the plates (40, 42) are welded to each other at their edges.
- Fuel cell block (36) according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the two plates (40, 42) are welded to each other in a gastight manner about the openings (46 - 52) made in the edge region.
- Fuel cell block (36) according to one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the gastight channels (62 - 68) extending in the plane of the plates for supplying the first or second chamber (76, 74) within the welding seam (44) enclosing the openings (46 - 52) are opened towards the desired first or second gas chamber (76, 74) by drilling the plate (40, 42) bordering the chamber.
- Fuel cell block (36) according to one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the gastight channel (68) extending in the plane of the plates for supplying the third chamber (72) between the two plates (40, 42) is not included during the peripheral welding of the opening (52) associated therewith.
- Fuel cell block (36) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the axial channels (54 - 60) can be sealed in a gastight manner from each other by means of seals (70).
- Fuel cell block (36) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plates (40, 42) have a structure (92) which defines the third chamber (72) lying between the plates (40, 42).
- Fuel cell block (36) according to claim 9, characterized in that the plates (40, 42) have truncated-cone-shaped elevations (92) determining their mutual spacing, the centre points of which elevations define the area of an equilateral triangle, whereby the structure of the plates (40, 42) directly abutting each other is staggered by about half the spacing of adjacent truncated cones and the smallest radius of the truncated-cone-shaped elevation is larger than half the radius of the circle which circumscribes the equilateral triangle.
- Fuel cell block (36) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the plates (40, 42) are formed from a rust-resistant, metallic material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4234093A DE4234093A1 (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1992-10-09 | Component for installation in a process engineering facility |
DE4234093 | 1992-10-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0591800A1 EP0591800A1 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
EP0591800B1 true EP0591800B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
Family
ID=6470094
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93115543A Expired - Lifetime EP0591800B1 (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1993-09-27 | Fuel cell battery |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5472801A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0591800B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3605126B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2107941C (en) |
DE (2) | DE4234093A1 (en) |
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- 1992-10-09 DE DE4234093A patent/DE4234093A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-09-27 EP EP93115543A patent/EP0591800B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-27 DE DE59305856T patent/DE59305856D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-06 JP JP27492893A patent/JP3605126B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-07 CA CA002107941A patent/CA2107941C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-12 US US08/135,257 patent/US5472801A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0591800A1 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
DE4234093A1 (en) | 1994-04-14 |
DE59305856D1 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
CA2107941C (en) | 2004-12-07 |
JPH06218275A (en) | 1994-08-09 |
US5472801A (en) | 1995-12-05 |
JP3605126B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
CA2107941A1 (en) | 1994-04-10 |
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