EP0590177B1 - Shock-wave generating apparatus for non-invasive destruction of concrements in living bodies - Google Patents

Shock-wave generating apparatus for non-invasive destruction of concrements in living bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0590177B1
EP0590177B1 EP92116582A EP92116582A EP0590177B1 EP 0590177 B1 EP0590177 B1 EP 0590177B1 EP 92116582 A EP92116582 A EP 92116582A EP 92116582 A EP92116582 A EP 92116582A EP 0590177 B1 EP0590177 B1 EP 0590177B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
electrodes
shock
concrements
electrical discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92116582A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0590177A1 (en
Inventor
Walter Uebelacker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HMT High Medical Technologies Entwicklungs und Vertriebs AG
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HMT High Medical Technologies Entwicklungs und Vertriebs AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HMT High Medical Technologies Entwicklungs und Vertriebs AG filed Critical HMT High Medical Technologies Entwicklungs und Vertriebs AG
Priority to EP92116582A priority Critical patent/EP0590177B1/en
Priority to ES92116582T priority patent/ES2097848T3/en
Priority to DE59207731T priority patent/DE59207731D1/en
Priority to JP5159122A priority patent/JP2584584B2/en
Priority to US08/221,278 priority patent/US5458652A/en
Publication of EP0590177A1 publication Critical patent/EP0590177A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0590177B1 publication Critical patent/EP0590177B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
    • G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
    • G10K15/06—Sound-producing devices using electric discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for destroying concrements with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device of this type is known from DE-PS 26 35 635.
  • the electrical discharge between the electrodes in a liquid takes place in the first focal point of an ellipsoid of revolution.
  • a shock wave propagates due to the explosive evaporation of the liquid, which is focused in the second focal point of the ellipsoid.
  • the concretions to be crushed In this second focal point are the concretions to be crushed.
  • low-frequency components generated by the cavitation bubble are also emitted. Due to the high amplitude, these low-frequency sound components in the audible range disturb both the patient and the personnel in the treatment room. In addition, the low-frequency sound components contribute significantly to pain sensation during therapy.
  • WO-A-92/12513 describes a device for generating an electrical discharge between two electrodes, between which an electrically conductive liquid medium is present. This medium is located with the electrodes within a substantially sealed container. This container does not need to be rigid in terms of function and can, for example, be made of latex.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a device of the type described in the introduction in such a way that the low-frequency components are damped when a shock wave is generated.
  • the use of a sleeve surrounding the electrodes reduces the low-frequency sound components.
  • the shock wave generated by the discharge can penetrate the sleeve and continues in the liquid medium surrounding it.
  • the sleeve ensures that the maximum gas bubble radius is reduced because the unimpeded expansion of the gas bubbles produced during electrical discharge is avoided. This results in a reduction in the sound power generated by the gas bubble.
  • the noise exposure of the patient and the staff is thus significantly reduced without reducing the efficiency of the stone crushing. Furthermore, a largely pain-free stone treatment is made possible.
  • the electrodes 4 and 5 are arranged in a sleeve 7.
  • the sleeve 7 is closed at the top and connected pressure-tight to the device at the bottom.
  • a liquid medium 6, which also surrounds the electrodes 4 and 5.
  • the wall thickness of the sleeve 7 is smaller than the wavelength of the shock wave so that it is not reflected from the inside of the sleeve.
  • the wall thickness of the sleeve can also be chosen larger.
  • the electrode 5 is insulated except for a region around the electrode 4 and extends perpendicular to the electrode 4. This ensures that the electrical discharge in the non-insulated region of the electrode 5 fluctuates spatially in statistical terms, which results in an increased shattering volume in the second focal point of the ellipsoid benefits.
  • the inner conductor 1 is connected to the electrode 4 and the outer conductor 3 is connected to the electrode 5.
  • the sleeve 7 is fixed to the device via an insulator 8 or detachably connected by means of a thread.
  • the sleeve 7 forms the outer conductor 3, and the electrode 5 is electrically connected to the sleeve. In order to avoid partial discharge on the inner wall of the sleeve, it is electrically insulated from the electrode 4 by an insulator 10.
  • the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 3 is bent in an L-shaped manner, and as in FIG. 1, the electrode symmetry axes are perpendicular to one another.
  • the device designed according to the invention works as follows: At the time of the electrical discharge between the electrodes 4 and 5, the liquid medium 6 lying between these electrodes is evaporated explosively and heated up strongly. The resulting plasma drives a shock wave in front of it until the speed of propagation of the plasma is less than the speed of propagation of sound in water. Then a shock wave separates from the plasma in a quasi-spherical manner.
  • the shock wave can penetrate the wall of the sleeve with appropriate dimensions.
  • the cavitation bubble created by the electrical discharge expands and allows the pressure in the sleeve to rise until the volume and temperature of the gas bubble have become dependent on the pressure. Then the gas bubble collapses again.
  • the increased pressure in the sleeve reduces the maximum gas bubble radius, which corresponds to a reduction in the sound power generated by the cavitation bubble.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gerät zum Zerstören von Konkrementen mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention relates to a device for destroying concrements with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Ein Gerät dieser Art ist aus der DE-PS 26 35 635 bekannt. Die elektrische Entladung zwischen den in einer Flüssigkeit befindlichen Elektroden findet im ersten Brennpunkt eines Rotationsellipsoids statt. Nach der elektrischen Entladung breitet sich infolge der explosionsartigen Verdampfung der Flüssigkeit eine Stoßwelle aus, die im zweiten Brennpunkt des Ellipsoids fokussiert wird. In diesem zweiten Brennpunkt befinden sich die zu zertrümmernden Konkremente. Neben den gewünschten Stoßwellen werden auch durch die Kavivationsblase entstehende niederfrequente Anteile emittiert. Diese im hörbaren Bereich liegenden niederfrequenten Schallanteile stören durch die hohe Amplitude sowohl den Patienten als auch das sich im Behandlungsraum befindende Personal. Außerdem tragen die niederfrequenten Schallanteile erheblich zur Schmerzempfindung während der Therapie bei.A device of this type is known from DE-PS 26 35 635. The electrical discharge between the electrodes in a liquid takes place in the first focal point of an ellipsoid of revolution. After the electrical discharge, a shock wave propagates due to the explosive evaporation of the liquid, which is focused in the second focal point of the ellipsoid. In this second focal point are the concretions to be crushed. In addition to the desired shock waves, low-frequency components generated by the cavitation bubble are also emitted. Due to the high amplitude, these low-frequency sound components in the audible range disturb both the patient and the personnel in the treatment room. In addition, the low-frequency sound components contribute significantly to pain sensation during therapy.

Bekannt ist auch die Verwendung eines Elektrolyts als flüssiges Medium, von welchem die Elektroden umgeben sind.It is also known to use an electrolyte as a liquid medium, which surrounds the electrodes.

In der WO-A-92/12513 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen einer elektrischen Entladung zwischen zwei Elektroden beschrieben, zwischen denen ein elektrisch leitendes flüssiges Medium vorhanden ist Dieses Medium befindet sich mit den Elektroden innerhalb eines im wesentlichen abgedichteten Behälters. Dieser Behälter braucht funktionsgemäß nicht starr zu sein und kann beispielsweise aus Latex gefestigt sein.WO-A-92/12513 describes a device for generating an electrical discharge between two electrodes, between which an electrically conductive liquid medium is present. This medium is located with the electrodes within a substantially sealed container. This container does not need to be rigid in terms of function and can, for example, be made of latex.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Gerät der eingangs beschriebenen Art so auszubilden, daß bei der Erzeugung einer Stoßwelle die niederfrequenten Anteile gedämpft werden.The invention is based on the object of designing a device of the type described in the introduction in such a way that the low-frequency components are damped when a shock wave is generated.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved with the features specified in claim 1.

Durch die Verwendung einer die Elektroden umgebenden Hülse wird eine Reduzierung der niederfrequenten Schallanteile erreicht. Die durch die Entladung entstehende Stoßwelle kann die Hülse durchdringen und setzt sich in dem diese umgebenden flüssigen Medium fort. Andererseits wird durch die Hülse dafür gesorgt, daß der maximale Gasblasenradius verringert wird, weil das ungehinderte Expandieren der beim elektrischen Entladen entstehenden Gasblasen vermieden wird. Dadurch entsteht eine Verringerung der von der Gasblase generierten Schalleistung. Die Geräuschbelastung des Patienten und des Personals wird damit deutlich verringert, ohne die Effizienz der Steinzerstrümmerung einzuschränken. Weiterhin wird eine weitgehend schmerzfreie Steinbehandlung ermöglicht.The use of a sleeve surrounding the electrodes reduces the low-frequency sound components. The shock wave generated by the discharge can penetrate the sleeve and continues in the liquid medium surrounding it. On the other hand, the sleeve ensures that the maximum gas bubble radius is reduced because the unimpeded expansion of the gas bubbles produced during electrical discharge is avoided. This results in a reduction in the sound power generated by the gas bubble. The noise exposure of the patient and the staff is thus significantly reduced without reducing the efficiency of the stone crushing. Furthermore, a largely pain-free stone treatment is made possible.

Vorteilhafte weitere Ausbildungen des Geräts nach Anspruch 1 sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous further developments of the device according to claim 1 are the subject of the dependent claims.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigt

Fig. 1
ein erfindungsgemäß ausgebildetes Gerät in schematischer Seitenansicht;
Fig. 2
eine andere Ausführungsform des Geräts in einer der Fig. 1 entsprechenden Darstellung;
Fig. 3
den Elektrodenteil eines Geräts in schematischer Seitenansicht.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. It shows
Fig. 1
an inventive device in a schematic side view;
Fig. 2
another embodiment of the device in a representation corresponding to Figure 1;
Fig. 3
the electrode part of a device in a schematic side view.

In einer Hülse 7 sind die Elektroden 4 und 5 angeordnet. Die Hülse 7 ist oben geschlossen und unten druckdicht am Gerät angeschlossen. In der Hülse 7 befindet sich ein flüssiges Medium 6, welches auch die Elektroden 4 und 5 umgibt.The electrodes 4 and 5 are arranged in a sleeve 7. The sleeve 7 is closed at the top and connected pressure-tight to the device at the bottom. In the sleeve 7 there is a liquid medium 6, which also surrounds the electrodes 4 and 5.

Die Wanddicke der Hülse 7 ist bei einer Metallhülse kleiner als die Wellenlänge der Stoßwelle, damit diese nicht von der Innenseite der Hülse reflektiert wird. Bei Verwendung von Kunststoff, wobei dieser eine ähnliche akustische Impedanz wie das flüssige Medium 6 hat, kann die Wanddicke der Hülse auch größer gewählt werden.In the case of a metal sleeve, the wall thickness of the sleeve 7 is smaller than the wavelength of the shock wave so that it is not reflected from the inside of the sleeve. When using plastic, which has a similar acoustic impedance as the liquid medium 6, the wall thickness of the sleeve can also be chosen larger.

Die Elektrode 5 ist bis auf einen Bereich um die Elektrode 4 isoliert und verläuft senkrecht zur Elektrode 4. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß die elektrische Entladung in dem nicht-isolierten Bereich der Elektrode 5 räumlich statistisch schwankt, was einem vergrößerten Zertrümmerungsvolumen im zweiten Brennpunkt des Ellipsoids zugute kommt.The electrode 5 is insulated except for a region around the electrode 4 and extends perpendicular to the electrode 4. This ensures that the electrical discharge in the non-insulated region of the electrode 5 fluctuates spatially in statistical terms, which results in an increased shattering volume in the second focal point of the ellipsoid benefits.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist der Innenleiter 1 mit der Elektrode 4 und der Außenleiter 3 mit der Elektrode 5 verbunden. Die Hülse 7 ist über einen Isolator 8 mit dem Gerät fest oder mittels eines Gewindes lösbar verbunden.1, the inner conductor 1 is connected to the electrode 4 and the outer conductor 3 is connected to the electrode 5. The sleeve 7 is fixed to the device via an insulator 8 or detachably connected by means of a thread.

Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform bildet die Hülse 7 den Außenleiter 3, und die Elektrode 5 ist mit der Hülse elektrisch verbunden. Um eine Teilentladung an der Innenwand der Hülse zu vermeiden, ist diese durch einen Isolator 10 von der Elektrode 4 elektrisch isoliert.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the sleeve 7 forms the outer conductor 3, and the electrode 5 is electrically connected to the sleeve. In order to avoid partial discharge on the inner wall of the sleeve, it is electrically insulated from the electrode 4 by an insulator 10.

Gute Zertrümmerungsergebnisse werden auch mit der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Elektrodenanordnung erzielt. Hier ist die Elektrode 5 L-förmig umgebogen, und wie bei Fig. 1 stehen auch hier die Elektrodensymmetrieachsen senkrecht zueinander.Good smashing results are also achieved with the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 3. Here, the electrode 5 is bent in an L-shaped manner, and as in FIG. 1, the electrode symmetry axes are perpendicular to one another.

Das erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Gerät arbeitet wie folgt:
Zum Zeitpunkt der elektrischen Entladung zwischen den Elektroden 4 und 5 wird das zwischen diesen Elektroden liegende flüssige Medium 6 explosionsartig verdampft und stark aufgeheizt. Das so entstandene Plasma treibt eine Stoßwelle vor sich her, bis die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit des Plasmas Kleiner als die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit von Schall in Wasser ist. Danach löst sich eine Stoßwelle quasi sphärisch vom Plasma ab.The device designed according to the invention works as follows:
At the time of the electrical discharge between the electrodes 4 and 5, the liquid medium 6 lying between these electrodes is evaporated explosively and heated up strongly. The resulting plasma drives a shock wave in front of it until the speed of propagation of the plasma is less than the speed of propagation of sound in water. Then a shock wave separates from the plasma in a quasi-spherical manner.

Die Stoßwelle kann bei entsprechender Dimensionierung die Wand der Hülse durchdringen.The shock wave can penetrate the wall of the sleeve with appropriate dimensions.

Die durch die elektrische Entladung entstandene Kavitationsblase expandiert und läßt den Druck in der Hülse ansteigen, bis sich Volumen und Temperatur der Gasblase in Abhängigkeit vom Druck eingestellt haben. Danach kollabiert die Gasblase wieder.The cavitation bubble created by the electrical discharge expands and allows the pressure in the sleeve to rise until the volume and temperature of the gas bubble have become dependent on the pressure. Then the gas bubble collapses again.

Durch den erhöhten Druck in der Hülse wird der maximale Gasblasenradius verringert, was eine Verringerung der von der Kavitationsblase generierten Schalleistung entspricht.The increased pressure in the sleeve reduces the maximum gas bubble radius, which corresponds to a reduction in the sound power generated by the cavitation bubble.

Claims (6)

  1. Apparatus for producing shock waves by means of a spark gap by using two electrodes (4, 5), wherein, when there is an electrical discharge between the electrodes lying in a liquid medium (6), this medium evaporates in an explosive manner and thereby produces shock waves for the contact-free destruction of concrements in bodies of living beings, the electrodes being disposed in a sleeve (7) which surrounds said electrodes in a pressure-tight manner, characterised in that the sleeve (7), which prevents an unhindered expansion of the gas bubbles produced during the electrical discharge, is provided at its upper end with a shock absorber, which absorbs the acoustic primary wave.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the sleeve (7) is formed from metal and has a wall thickness which is smaller than the wave-length of the shock wave.
  3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterised in that the sleeve (7) has a thickness of between 0.1 mm and 0.6 mm.
  4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the sleeve (7) is formed from plastics material, the acoustic impedance of which corresponds to that of water.
  5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that the sleeve (7) has a wall thickness of between 1 mm and 10 mm.
  6. Apparatus according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterised in that the sleeve (7), formed from metal, is used as an external conductor.
EP92116582A 1992-09-28 1992-09-28 Shock-wave generating apparatus for non-invasive destruction of concrements in living bodies Expired - Lifetime EP0590177B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92116582A EP0590177B1 (en) 1992-09-28 1992-09-28 Shock-wave generating apparatus for non-invasive destruction of concrements in living bodies
ES92116582T ES2097848T3 (en) 1992-09-28 1992-09-28 APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION OF SHOCK WAVES FOR THE CONTACTLESS DESTRUCTION OF CONCRETIONS IN BODIES OF ORGANISMS.
DE59207731T DE59207731D1 (en) 1992-09-28 1992-09-28 Device for generating shock waves for the contact-free destruction of concretions in the bodies of living beings
JP5159122A JP2584584B2 (en) 1992-09-28 1993-06-29 Shock wave generator
US08/221,278 US5458652A (en) 1992-09-28 1994-03-31 Device for generating shock waves for non contact disintegration of calculi

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92116582A EP0590177B1 (en) 1992-09-28 1992-09-28 Shock-wave generating apparatus for non-invasive destruction of concrements in living bodies

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0590177A1 EP0590177A1 (en) 1994-04-06
EP0590177B1 true EP0590177B1 (en) 1996-12-18

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EP92116582A Expired - Lifetime EP0590177B1 (en) 1992-09-28 1992-09-28 Shock-wave generating apparatus for non-invasive destruction of concrements in living bodies

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US (1) US5458652A (en)
EP (1) EP0590177B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2584584B2 (en)
DE (1) DE59207731D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2097848T3 (en)

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DE102008012539A1 (en) 2008-03-04 2009-09-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Low molecular homogenous part extracting method for recycling industry, involves dissolving plastic wastes in liquid medium, and splitting plastic wastes into low molecular homogenous part by using shock waves produced in liquid medium
EP2783754A1 (en) 2013-03-28 2014-10-01 HLW-LSA GmbH Hoch-Leistungs Werkstoffe Device for breaking up solid material

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US11865371B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2024-01-09 The Board of Regents of the University of Texas Syster Apparatus for generating therapeutic shockwaves and applications of same
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US10835767B2 (en) 2013-03-08 2020-11-17 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Rapid pulse electrohydraulic (EH) shockwave generator apparatus and methods for medical and cosmetic treatments
WO2016183307A1 (en) 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 Soliton, Inc. Methods of treating cellulite and subcutaneous adipose tissue
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TWI742110B (en) 2016-07-21 2021-10-11 美商席利通公司 Rapid pulse electrohydraulic (eh) shockwave generator apparatus with improved electrode lifetime and method of producing compressed acoustic wave using same
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EP2783754A1 (en) 2013-03-28 2014-10-01 HLW-LSA GmbH Hoch-Leistungs Werkstoffe Device for breaking up solid material
DE102013005392A1 (en) 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 HLW-LSA GmbH Apparatus for comminuting solids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59207731D1 (en) 1997-01-30
ES2097848T3 (en) 1997-04-16
US5458652A (en) 1995-10-17
JPH06114068A (en) 1994-04-26
EP0590177A1 (en) 1994-04-06
JP2584584B2 (en) 1997-02-26

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