EP0589762B1 - Casting tube for metal and process for manufacturing such a tube - Google Patents

Casting tube for metal and process for manufacturing such a tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0589762B1
EP0589762B1 EP93402277A EP93402277A EP0589762B1 EP 0589762 B1 EP0589762 B1 EP 0589762B1 EP 93402277 A EP93402277 A EP 93402277A EP 93402277 A EP93402277 A EP 93402277A EP 0589762 B1 EP0589762 B1 EP 0589762B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
nozzle
refractory material
tube
alumina
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EP93402277A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0589762A1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Poirier
Bruno Thillou
Gilbert Provost
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Sollac SA
Original Assignee
Sollac SA
Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/52—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/58—Pouring-nozzles with gas injecting means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal casting.
  • a casting installation continuous steel comprises at least one ingot mold fed by a distributor of molten steel.
  • the molten steel flows into the ingot mold at through the channel of at least one nozzle fixed on the bottom of the dispatcher, to the right of the upper opening of the ingot mold.
  • the nozzles are manufactured usually in refractory material.
  • the buses are also covered with layers of internal enamel and external to prevent oxidation of the material refractory during the usual preheating of the nozzles and also making the material waterproof porous refractory during use of nozzles.
  • oxide deposits include, for example, alumina, lime aluminate or alumina titanate.
  • nozzles in a refractory material of vitreous silica (SiO 2 ).
  • the nozzles made of this material are resistant to thermal shock and clogging by oxide deposits, but have little resistance to corrosion by certain grades of steel containing, for example, manganese.
  • nozzles in a composite material comprising mainly alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and graphite associated by a carbon bond. These nozzles usually comprise between 20 and 30% by mass of graphite. The high graphite content promotes the resistance of these nozzles to thermal shock. These also resist wear well. On the other hand, the alumina-graphite nozzles clog relatively quickly.
  • Clogging of the nozzles is particularly fast when the cast steel is calmed with aluminum. In in this case it forms in the channel of the deposit nozzles of oxides containing essentially alumina. This limits sequence lengths and can lead to stopping the casting in case of complete blockage of nozzles.
  • an alumina-carbon bar was immersed for two hours in an XC 38 steel bath at 1550 ° C to which was added 0.25% aluminum, in a enclosure under controlled atmosphere.
  • the alumina bar pure should have a deposit after two hours like the alumina-carbon bar coated with a thick layer pure alumina.
  • the alumina-graphite sample contains impurities in the form of oxides (SiO 2 , Na 2 O, K 2 O, ...) which are reduced by the carbon C of the sample to form carbon monoxide CO gas .
  • the carbon monoxide dissociates on the surface of the steel flow channel and causes on this surface the precipitation of oxides, in particular d alumina, produced from elements contained in cast steel, in particular aluminum. Oxide deposits gradually block the nozzle channel.
  • carbon monoxide is formed only from oxygen from impurities in the form of oxides contained in the nozzle, but still from the oxygen in the air surrounding the nozzle.
  • the oxygen in the air seeps through the junction of the nozzle and dispatcher and through the walls of the nozzle made of porous refractory material.
  • Air oxygen combines with the carbon in the nozzle to form gaseous carbon monoxide which migrates to the canal surface. This migration is favored by the depression created in the channel by the flow of steel liquid.
  • WO-A-84/04477 describes a pouring nozzle for metal made by isostatic pressing of a material refractory in which a fusible element is incorporated occupying the volume of a room you want to spare.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy the blockage refractory material nozzles comprising in particular alumina-carbon, avoiding the formation of deposits of oxides on the surface of the metal flow channel fusion, this with simple and easy to put means in action.
  • the invention relates to a conduit metal casting, of the type described in DE-B-2 703 657, characterized in that it forms a flow nozzle of metal by gravity, especially for continuous casting of steel, the chamber forming a screen for the migration of carbon monoxide to the channel, and in that the conduit additionally comprises a jacket, made of a refractory material carbon-free, interposed between the periphery of the canal and the annular chamber.
  • the installation comprises a distributor 12 of molten steel feeding a mold 14 comprising an upper mold 16 and rollers 18 drive and guide the semi-finished product solidification.
  • the distributor 12 is itself supplied with steel molten by a ladle not shown on the figure.
  • the molten steel flows by gravity into the ingot mold 14 passing through at least one nozzle 20 according to the invention, fixed, by known means, to the distributor 12 at the right of the upper opening of the mold 14.
  • the nozzle 20 comprises a nozzle body 22, of generally tubular shape, made of a refractory material, preferably a composite material mainly comprising alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and graphite (C).
  • the body 22 comprises a channel 24 for the flow of molten steel.
  • the channel has an upper end 26 intended to be connected, by means known, to a steel flow orifice of the distributor, and a lower end 28 forming two branches 28A, 28B opening to the outside of the nozzle through orifices diametrically opposite.
  • channel 24 is delimited on almost the entire length of the latter by the surface internal of a cylindrical jacket 30, made of refractory material carbon-free, fixed in the nozzle body 22 by means and methods which will be described later.
  • An annular chamber 32 coaxial with channel 24, surrounds the outer surface of the jacket 30 extending roughly the full length of the latter.
  • the wall of chamber 32 has a small thickness compared to to the thickness of the wall of the nozzle body 22.
  • the end branches 28A, 28B of the channel are also surrounded by corresponding parts of the shirt 30 and chamber 32.
  • Chamber 32 is arranged in the vicinity of the periphery of channel 24, being separated from this channel by the wall of the jacket 30 interposed between the periphery of the canal and bedroom.
  • the internal surfaces and external of the nozzle are covered with layers of enamel, not shown in the figures, so as to preserve the nozzle against oxidation and to waterproof the porous surfaces of refractory materials.
  • Room 32 is connected via from an orifice 34 to a vacuum source of known type, not shown in the figures, for the depression of the chamber in relation to the environment of the nozzle or a source of insufflation of a neutral gas, for example from argon.
  • a vacuum source of known type, not shown in the figures, for the depression of the chamber in relation to the environment of the nozzle or a source of insufflation of a neutral gas, for example from argon.
  • a ring 36 conventionally arranged around the body 22 nozzle, consisting of a refractory product, in general zirconia graphite, intended to resist corrosion by the mold powder.
  • the nozzle 20 has a 100 mm external diameter
  • channel 24 has a diameter of 70 mm
  • the wall of the jacket 30 has a thickness of 4 mm
  • the wall of the annular chamber 32 has a thickness of 2 mm.
  • Room 32 allows, on the one hand, to collect gaseous products, in particular carbon monoxide, forming in the refractory material of the body 22 of nozzle and migrating to channel 24, and, on the other hand, to evacuate these gaseous products through orifice 34.
  • gaseous products in particular carbon monoxide
  • the jacket 30 is made of a carbon-free refractory material comprising, for example, alumina, zirconia, aluminum nitrides (AlN) or boron (BN) , spinels, magnesia, borides, in particular zirconium (ZrB 2 ).
  • the body 22 is made of a refractory material, identical to that of the shirt 30 of the nozzle, containing carbon-free alumina.
  • shirt 30 may have come in one piece with body 22 and form a single block with it.
  • the first manufacturing process allows make a nozzle in which the shirt 30 came of material with the body 22 and forms a single block with this latest. This process includes the following steps.
  • the 32A fuse element is manufactured for example made of a polymer material or wax.
  • the whole is then cooked at a temperature about 1000 ° high melting the polymer.
  • the molten polymer vaporizes through the material wall porous refractory and releases the volume it occupied initially. This volume forms an annular chamber around of the nozzle channel.
  • the second method of manufacturing the nozzle includes the following steps.
  • a tubular insert 30 is produced separately and a tubular body 22 of nozzle, as shown Figures 4 and 5 respectively, by isostatic pressing and baking of refractory materials, according to a known process.
  • the insert 30 is then fixed in the body 22 coaxially with the latter, for example with a cement of known type, so that the free space between the insert 30 and the nozzle body 22 forms an annular chamber around the nozzle channel.
  • the insert and manufactured in three parts a first part 30A, coaxial with the body being introduced by the upper end of the body and the other two parts 30B, 30C, forming the branches of the insert, being introduced by the lower holes of the body.
  • the invention is not limited to the modes of realization described.
  • the nozzle body and the inner liner can be made of refractory materials various.
  • the nozzle can be used in installations continuous or discontinuous casting and can feed in molten metal ingot molds of various types.
  • the invention has many advantages.
  • the annular chamber in depression of a nozzle according to the invention makes it possible to avoid migration of the carbon monoxide gas in the nozzle channel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

Casting tube for metal, including a body (22) made from refractory material, in which a flow channel (24) for the molten metal is provided. The tube includes an annular chamber (32) provided in the body (22), arranged around the channel (24) in the vicinity of the periphery of this channel, extending virtually over the entire length of the channel, connected to means (34) for creating a reduced pressure (vacuum) with respect to the environment of the tube. The chamber (32) forms a screen to the migration of gaseous products, such as carbon monoxide, towards the channel. The tube may also include a sleeve (30) made from refractory material interposed between the periphery of the channel (24) and the chamber (32). The tube is used preferably for the continuous casting of steel. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un conduit de coulée de métal.The present invention relates to a metal casting.

Elle s'applique en particulier aux busettes de coulée continue d'acier, notamment d'acier calmé à l'aluminium.It applies in particular to the nozzles of continuous casting of steel, especially of steel quenched with aluminum.

De façon classique, une installation de coulée continue d'acier comprend au moins une lingotière alimentée par un répartiteur d'acier en fusion.Conventionally, a casting installation continuous steel comprises at least one ingot mold fed by a distributor of molten steel.

L'acier en fusion s'écoule dans la lingotière à travers le canal d'au moins une busette fixée sur le fond du répartiteur, au droit de l'ouverture supérieure de la lingotière.The molten steel flows into the ingot mold at through the channel of at least one nozzle fixed on the bottom of the dispatcher, to the right of the upper opening of the ingot mold.

Pour résister aux contraintes thermiques au contact du métal en fusion, les busettes sont fabriquées habituellement dans un matériau réfractaire. Les busettes sont par ailleurs recouvertes de couches d'émail interne et externe permettant d'éviter l'oxydation du matériau réfractaire durant le préchauffage habituel des busettes et permettant également de rendre imperméable le matériau réfractaire poreux pendant l'utilisation des busettes.To withstand thermal stresses contact of molten metal, the nozzles are manufactured usually in refractory material. The buses are also covered with layers of internal enamel and external to prevent oxidation of the material refractory during the usual preheating of the nozzles and also making the material waterproof porous refractory during use of nozzles.

Selon la nuance de l'acier coulé ou le type de matériau constituant les busettes, il se pose des problèmes de dégradation des busettes par corrosion, ou des problèmes de bouchage des busettes par des dépôts d'oxydes sur la surface du canal d'écoulement de l'acier. Ces dépôts d'oxydes comprennent par exemple de l'alumine, de l'aluminate de chaux ou du titanate d'alumine.Depending on the grade of the cast steel or the type of material constituting the nozzles, there are problems degradation of the nozzles by corrosion, or problems of clogging of the nozzles with oxide deposits on the surface of the steel flow channel. These oxide deposits include, for example, alumina, lime aluminate or alumina titanate.

Il est connu de fabriquer des busettes dans un matériau réfractaire de silice vitreuse (SiO2). Les busettes fabriquées dans ce matériau résistent bien aux chocs thermiques et au bouchage par des dépôts d'oxydes, mais résistent peu à la corrosion par certaines nuances d'acier contenant, par exemple, du manganèse. It is known to manufacture nozzles in a refractory material of vitreous silica (SiO 2 ). The nozzles made of this material are resistant to thermal shock and clogging by oxide deposits, but have little resistance to corrosion by certain grades of steel containing, for example, manganese.

Il est également connu de fabriquer des busettes dans un matériau composite comprenant principalement de l'alumine (Al2O3) et du graphite associés par une liaison carbonée. Ces busettes comportent habituellement entre 20 et 30% en masse de graphite. La teneur élevée en graphite favorise la résistance de ces busettes aux chocs thermiques. Ces dernières résistent également bien à l'usure. Par contre, les busettes en alumine-graphite se bouchent relativement vite.It is also known to manufacture nozzles in a composite material comprising mainly alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and graphite associated by a carbon bond. These nozzles usually comprise between 20 and 30% by mass of graphite. The high graphite content promotes the resistance of these nozzles to thermal shock. These also resist wear well. On the other hand, the alumina-graphite nozzles clog relatively quickly.

Le bouchage des busettes est particulièrement rapide lorsque l'acier coulé est calmé à l'aluminium. Dans ce cas, il se forme dans le canal des busettes des dépôts d'oxydes contenant essentiellement de l'alumine. Ceci limite les longueurs de séquence et peut conduire à l'arrêt de la coulée en cas de bouchage complet des busettes.Clogging of the nozzles is particularly fast when the cast steel is calmed with aluminum. In in this case it forms in the channel of the deposit nozzles of oxides containing essentially alumina. This limits sequence lengths and can lead to stopping the casting in case of complete blockage of nozzles.

Par ailleurs, une certaine quantité des oxydes déposés est susceptible d'être entraínée par l'acier coulé et donc de former des inclusions dégradant les propriétés métallurgiques de l'acier.In addition, a certain amount of the oxides deposited is likely to be driven by the cast steel and therefore to form inclusions degrading the properties metallurgical of steel.

Afin de conprendre le phénomène de bouchage, trois essais ont été réalisés.In order to understand the phenomenon of blockage, three tests were carried out.

D'une part, un barreau en alumine-carbone a été plongé pendant deux heures dans un bain d'acier XC 38 à 1550°C auquel on a ajouté 0,25% d'aluminium, dans une enceinte sous atmosphère contrôlée.On the one hand, an alumina-carbon bar was immersed for two hours in an XC 38 steel bath at 1550 ° C to which was added 0.25% aluminum, in a enclosure under controlled atmosphere.

Après deux heures, on constate la présence d'un dépôt d'alumine sur les parois du barreau.After two hours, there is the presence of a deposit of alumina on the walls of the bar.

D'autre part, on a plongé un barreau d'alumine pure, sans carbone dans le même bain pendant deux heures.On the other hand, we plunged an alumina bar pure, carbon-free in the same bath for two hours.

Après deux heures, aucun dépôt ne se trouve sur le barreau.After two hours, no deposit is found on the bar.

Enfin, on a plongé un barreau d'alumine-carbone revêtu d'une épaisse couche d'alumine pure dans le bain d'acier pendant deux heures. Finally, we plunged an alumina-carbon rod coated with a thick layer of pure alumina in the bath steel for two hours.

Après deux heures, on constate un dépôt d'alumine sur le barreau.After two hours, there is a deposit of alumina on the bar.

Compte tenu de ces essais, l'idée admise jusqu'alors que le bouchage des busettes était dû uniquement à l'alumine contenue en tant qu'inclusions dans l'acier coulé qui se colle sur la paroi réfractaire de la busette, est fausse.Given these tests, the idea accepted until then that the plugging of the nozzles was due only alumina contained as inclusions in steel cast which sticks to the refractory wall of the nozzle, is false.

En effet, si c'était le cas, le barreau d'alumine pure devrait avoir un dépôt après deux heures comme le barreau d'alumine-carbone revêtu d'une épaisse couche d'alumine pure.Indeed, if it was the case, the alumina bar pure should have a deposit after two hours like the alumina-carbon bar coated with a thick layer pure alumina.

En fait, le bouchage des busettes est dû à deux phénomènes :

  • l'alumine contenue en tant qu'inclusions dans l'acier se collant sur les parois réfractaires de la busette,
  • l'aluminium contenu dans l'acier qui lorsqu'il entre en contact avec les parois de la busette s'oxyde pour former de l'alumine Al2O3 et germer contre la paroi.
In fact, the clogging of the nozzles is due to two phenomena:
  • the alumina contained as inclusions in the steel which sticks to the refractory walls of the nozzle,
  • the aluminum contained in the steel which when it comes into contact with the walls of the nozzle oxidizes to form alumina Al 2 O 3 and germinates against the wall.

En effet, en plongeant un échantillon constitué d'un barreau en alumine-graphite dans un bain d'acier en fusion contenant des éléments avides d'oxygène tels que de l'aluminium, on observe les équilibres chimiques décrits ci-dessous.Indeed, by immersing a sample made up of an alumina-graphite rod in a steel bath fusion containing oxygen-hungry elements such as aluminum, we observe the chemical equilibria described below.

L'échantillon en alumine-graphite comporte des impuretés sous forme d'oxydes (SiO2, Na2O, K2O,...) qui sont réduits par le carbone C de l'échantillon pour former du monoxyde de carbone CO gazeux.The alumina-graphite sample contains impurities in the form of oxides (SiO 2 , Na 2 O, K 2 O, ...) which are reduced by the carbon C of the sample to form carbon monoxide CO gas .

Le CO est libéré à la surface de l'échantillon et se dissocie en éléments intermédiaires [C] et [O].CO is released on the surface of the sample and dissociates into intermediate elements [C] and [O].

Cette dissociation à la surface de l'échantillon perturbe localement l'équilibre entre les éléments [C] et [O] contenus dans le bain d'acier. On a alors oxydation des éléments avides d'oxygène du bain par l'oxygène libéré et donc précipitation et croissance d'oxydes à la surface de l'échantillon.This dissociation on the surface of the sample locally disturbs the balance between the elements [C] and [O] contained in the steel bath. We then have oxidation oxygen-hungry elements of the bath from released oxygen and therefore precipitation and growth of oxides on the surface of the sample.

Dans le cas d'un bain d'acier calmé à l'aluminium, on a en particulier :

  • dans une région éloignée de la surface de l'échantillon, les équilibres chimiques stables suivants:
    Figure 00040001
  • dans une région voisine de la surface de l'échantillon, une évolution des équilibres chimiques dans le sens suivants : CO (gazeux) → [C] + [O] 2[Al] + 3[O] → Al2O3 (précipité)
In the case of a bath of steel calmed with aluminum, we have in particular:
  • in a region distant from the sample surface, the following stable chemical equilibria:
    Figure 00040001
  • in a region close to the surface of the sample, changes in the chemical equilibria in the following directions: CO (gas) → [C] + [O] 2 [Al] + 3 [O] → Al 2 O 3 (precipitate)

Dans le cas d'une busette fabriquée avec le matériau Al2O3-C, le monoxyde de carbone se dissocie à la surface du canal d'écoulement de l'acier et provoque sur cette surface la précipitation d'oxydes, en particulier d'alumine, produits à partir d'éléments contenus dans l'acier coulé, en particulier l'aluminium. Les dépôts d'oxydes bouchent progressivement le canal de la busette.In the case of a nozzle manufactured with the material Al 2 O 3 -C, the carbon monoxide dissociates on the surface of the steel flow channel and causes on this surface the precipitation of oxides, in particular d alumina, produced from elements contained in cast steel, in particular aluminum. Oxide deposits gradually block the nozzle channel.

De plus, le monoxyde de carbone se forme non seulement à partir de l'oxygène provenant des impuretés sous forme d'oxydes contenues dans la busette, mais encore à partir de l'oxygène de l'air environnant la busette. L'oxygène de l'air s'infiltre à travers la jonction de la busette et du répartiteur et à travers les parois de la busette en matériau réfractaire poreux. L'oxygène de l'air se combine avec le carbone contenu dans la busette pour former du monoxyde de carbone gazeux qui migre à la surface du canal. Cette migration est favorisée par la dépression créée dans le canal par l'écoulement de l'acier liquide.In addition, carbon monoxide is formed only from oxygen from impurities in the form of oxides contained in the nozzle, but still from the oxygen in the air surrounding the nozzle. The oxygen in the air seeps through the junction of the nozzle and dispatcher and through the walls of the nozzle made of porous refractory material. Air oxygen combines with the carbon in the nozzle to form gaseous carbon monoxide which migrates to the canal surface. This migration is favored by the depression created in the channel by the flow of steel liquid.

DE-B-2 703 657 décrit un conduit de coulée de métal du type comportant :

  • un corps en matériau réfractaire dans lequel est ménagé un canal d'écoulement du métal liquide,
  • une chambre annulaire ménagée dans le corps, disposée autour du canal à proximité de la périphérie de ce canal, s'étendant à peu près sur toute la longueur du canal, raccordée à des moyens de mise en dépression par rapport à l'environnement de la busette ou d'insufflation d'un gaz neutre.
DE-B-2 703 657 describes a metal casting conduit of the type comprising:
  • a body of refractory material in which is formed a liquid metal flow channel,
  • an annular chamber formed in the body, disposed around the channel near the periphery of this channel, extending approximately over the entire length of the channel, connected to means for placing under vacuum in relation to the environment of the nozzle or insufflation of a neutral gas.

WO-A-84/04477 décrit une busette de coulée de métal fabriquée par pressage isostatique d'un matériau réfractaire dans lequel est incorporé un élément fusible occupant le volume d'une chambre que l'on veut ménager.WO-A-84/04477 describes a pouring nozzle for metal made by isostatic pressing of a material refractory in which a fusible element is incorporated occupying the volume of a room you want to spare.

L'invention a pour but de remédier au bouchage des busettes en matériau réfractaire comportant notamment de l'alumine-carbone, en évitant la formation de dépôts d'oxydes à la surface du canal d'écoulement de métal en fusion, ceci avec des moyens simples et faciles à mettre en oeuvre.The object of the invention is to remedy the blockage refractory material nozzles comprising in particular alumina-carbon, avoiding the formation of deposits of oxides on the surface of the metal flow channel fusion, this with simple and easy to put means in action.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un conduit de coulée de métal, du type décrit dans DE-B-2 703 657, caractérisé en ce qu'il forme une busette d'écoulement de métal par gravité, notamment pour la coulée continue d'acier, la chambre formant écran à la migration de monoxyde de carbone vers le canal, et en ce que le conduit comporte de plus une chemise, en un matériau réfractaire sans carbone, interposée entre la périphérie du canal et la chambre annulaire.To this end, the invention relates to a conduit metal casting, of the type described in DE-B-2 703 657, characterized in that it forms a flow nozzle of metal by gravity, especially for continuous casting of steel, the chamber forming a screen for the migration of carbon monoxide to the channel, and in that the conduit additionally comprises a jacket, made of a refractory material carbon-free, interposed between the periphery of the canal and the annular chamber.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de cette invention :

  • la chemise est fabriquée dans un matériau réfractaire sans carbone comprenant par exemple de l'alumine, de la zircone, des nitrures d'aluminium (AlN) ou de bore (BN), des spinelles, de la magnésie, des borures notamment de zirconium (ZrB2) ; ou de bore (BN), des spinelles, de la magnésie, des borures notamment de zirconium (ZrB2) ;
  • le corps de busette est fabriqué dans un même matériau réfractaire que la chemise ;
  • le corps de busette est fabriqué dans un matériau composite comprenant de l'alumine et du graphite.
According to other characteristics of this invention:
  • the jacket is made of a carbon-free refractory material comprising, for example, alumina, zirconia, aluminum nitrides (AlN) or boron (BN), spinels, magnesia, borides, in particular zirconium ( ZrB 2 ); or boron (BN), spinels, magnesia, borides, in particular zirconium (ZrB 2 );
  • the nozzle body is made of the same refractory material as the jacket;
  • the nozzle body is made of a composite material comprising alumina and graphite.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Fig.1 est une vue schématique d'une partie d'une installation de coulée continue d'acier comportant une busette selon l'invention;
  • la Fig.2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale, à grande échelle, de la busette selon l'invention;
  • les Fig.3 à 5 sont des vues en coupe longitudinale représentant des éléments utilisés pour la fabrication de busettes selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Fig.1 is a schematic view of part of a continuous steel casting installation comprising a nozzle according to the invention;
  • Fig.2 is a longitudinal sectional view, on a large scale, of the nozzle according to the invention;
  • Figs. 3 to 5 are views in longitudinal section showing elements used for the manufacture of nozzles according to the invention.

On voit sur la figure 1, une partie d'une installation de coulée continue d'acier désignée par la référence générale 10, destinée par exemple à la fabrication de demi-produits métalliques tels que des blooms ou des brames.We see in Figure 1, part of a continuous steel casting installation designated by the general reference 10, intended for example for manufacture of metallic semi-finished products such as blooms or slabs.

De façon classique, l'installation comporte un répartiteur 12 d'acier en fusion alimentant une lingotière 14 comportant un moule 16 supérieur et des rouleaux 18 d'entraínement et de guidage du demi-produit en cours de solidification.Conventionally, the installation comprises a distributor 12 of molten steel feeding a mold 14 comprising an upper mold 16 and rollers 18 drive and guide the semi-finished product solidification.

Le répartiteur 12 est lui-même alimenté en acier en fusion par une poche de coulée non représentée sur la figure.The distributor 12 is itself supplied with steel molten by a ladle not shown on the figure.

L'acier en fusion s'écoule par gravité dans la lingotière 14 en passant à travers au moins une busette 20 selon l'invention, fixée, par des moyens connus, sur le fond du répartiteur 12 au droit de l'ouverture supérieure de la lingotière 14.The molten steel flows by gravity into the ingot mold 14 passing through at least one nozzle 20 according to the invention, fixed, by known means, to the distributor 12 at the right of the upper opening of the mold 14.

On décrira maintenant plus en détail la busette 20 en regard de la figure 2.We will now describe in more detail the nozzle 20 with reference to FIG. 2.

La busette 20 comporte un corps 22 de busette, de forme générale tubulaire, fabriquée dans un matériau réfractaire, de préférence un matériau composite comprenant principalement de l'alumine (Al2O3) et du graphite (C).The nozzle 20 comprises a nozzle body 22, of generally tubular shape, made of a refractory material, preferably a composite material mainly comprising alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and graphite (C).

Le corps 22 comprend un canal 24 d'écoulement de l'acier en fusion. Le canal comporte une extrémité supérieure 26 destinée à être raccordée, par des moyens connus, à un orifice d'écoulement d'acier du répartiteur, et une extrémité inférieure 28 formant deux branches 28A, 28B débouchant à l'extérieur de la busette par des orifices diamétralement opposés.The body 22 comprises a channel 24 for the flow of molten steel. The channel has an upper end 26 intended to be connected, by means known, to a steel flow orifice of the distributor, and a lower end 28 forming two branches 28A, 28B opening to the outside of the nozzle through orifices diametrically opposite.

La périphérie du canal 24 est délimitée sur presque toute la longueur de ce dernier par la surface interne d'une chemise cylindrique 30, en matériau réfractaire sans carbone, fixée dans le corps 22 de busette par des moyens et des procédés qui seront décrits ultérieurement.The periphery of channel 24 is delimited on almost the entire length of the latter by the surface internal of a cylindrical jacket 30, made of refractory material carbon-free, fixed in the nozzle body 22 by means and methods which will be described later.

Une chambre annulaire 32, coaxiale au canal 24, entoure la surface externe de la chemise 30 en s'étendant à peu près sur toute la longueur de cette dernière. La paroi de la chambre 32 a une épaisseur faible par rapport à l'épaisseur de la paroi du corps 22 de busette. An annular chamber 32, coaxial with channel 24, surrounds the outer surface of the jacket 30 extending roughly the full length of the latter. The wall of chamber 32 has a small thickness compared to to the thickness of the wall of the nozzle body 22.

Les branches d'extrémité 28A, 28B du canal, sont également entourées par des parties correspondantes de la chemise 30 et de la chambre 32.The end branches 28A, 28B of the channel, are also surrounded by corresponding parts of the shirt 30 and chamber 32.

La chambre 32 est disposée au voisinage de la périphérie du canal 24 en étant séparée de ce canal par la paroi de la chemise 30 interposée entre la périphérie du canal et la chambre.Chamber 32 is arranged in the vicinity of the periphery of channel 24, being separated from this channel by the wall of the jacket 30 interposed between the periphery of the canal and bedroom.

De façon classique, les surfaces interne et externe de la busette sont recouvertes de couches d'émail, non représentées sur les figures, de manière à préserver la busette contre l'oxydation et à imperméabiliser les surfaces poreuses des matériaux réfractaires.Conventionally, the internal surfaces and external of the nozzle are covered with layers of enamel, not shown in the figures, so as to preserve the nozzle against oxidation and to waterproof the porous surfaces of refractory materials.

La chambre 32 est reliée par l'intermédiaire d'un orifice 34 à une source de vide de type connu, non représentée sur les figures, pour la mise en dépression de la chambre par rapport à l'environnement de la busette ou une source d'insufflation d'un gaz neutre, par exemple de l'argon.Room 32 is connected via from an orifice 34 to a vacuum source of known type, not shown in the figures, for the depression of the chamber in relation to the environment of the nozzle or a source of insufflation of a neutral gas, for example from argon.

On a également représenté sur la Fig.2, une bague 36, disposée de façon classique autour du corps 22 de busette, constituée d'un produit réfractaire, en général de zircone graphite, destiné à résister à la corrosion par la poudre du moule.Also shown in Fig. 2, a ring 36, conventionally arranged around the body 22 nozzle, consisting of a refractory product, in general zirconia graphite, intended to resist corrosion by the mold powder.

Dans l'exemple décrit, la busette 20 a un diamètre externe de 100 mm, le canal 24 a un diamètre de 70 mm, la paroi de la chemise 30 a une épaisseur de 4 mm et la paroi de la chambre annulaire 32 a une épaisseur de 2 mm.In the example described, the nozzle 20 has a 100 mm external diameter, channel 24 has a diameter of 70 mm, the wall of the jacket 30 has a thickness of 4 mm and the wall of the annular chamber 32 has a thickness of 2 mm.

La chambre 32 permet, d'une part, de recueillir les produits gazeux, en particulier le monoxyde de carbone, se formant dans le matériau réfractaire du corps 22 de busette et migrant vers le canal 24, et, d'autre part, d'évacuer ces produits gazeux par l'orifice 34. Room 32 allows, on the one hand, to collect gaseous products, in particular carbon monoxide, forming in the refractory material of the body 22 of nozzle and migrating to channel 24, and, on the other hand, to evacuate these gaseous products through orifice 34.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, la chemise 30 est fabriquée dans un matériau réfractaire sans carbone comprenant, par exemple, de l'alumine, de la zircone, des nitrures d'aluminium (AlN) ou de bore (BN), des spinelles, de la magnésie, des borures notamment de zirconium (ZrB2).According to a first embodiment of the invention, the jacket 30 is made of a carbon-free refractory material comprising, for example, alumina, zirconia, aluminum nitrides (AlN) or boron (BN) , spinels, magnesia, borides, in particular zirconium (ZrB 2 ).

Ainsi, en absence de carbone, il n'y a pas de formation de monoxyde de carbone dans la paroi de la chemise 30 séparant la chambre 32 du canal 24.So, in the absence of carbon, there is no carbon monoxide formation in the wall of the jacket 30 separating the chamber 32 from the channel 24.

Selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, le corps 22 est fabriqué dans un matériau réfractaire, identique à celui de la chemise 30 de la busette, comportant de l'alumine sans carbone. Dans ce cas, la chemise 30 peut être venue de matière avec le corps 22 et former un seul bloc avec celui-ci.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the body 22 is made of a refractory material, identical to that of the shirt 30 of the nozzle, containing carbon-free alumina. In this case shirt 30 may have come in one piece with body 22 and form a single block with it.

On décrira maintenant deux procédés de fabrication d'une busette selon l'invention, en regard des figures 3 à 5.We will now describe two manufacturing processes of a nozzle according to the invention, opposite the Figures 3 to 5.

Le premier procédé de fabrication permet de réaliser une busette dans laquelle la chemise 30 est venue de matière avec le corps 22 et forme un seul bloc avec ce dernier. Ce procédé comporte les étapes suivantes.The first manufacturing process allows make a nozzle in which the shirt 30 came of material with the body 22 and forms a single block with this latest. This process includes the following steps.

Dans un premier temps, on réalise la busette par pressage isostatique d'un matériau réfractaire dans lequel est incorporé un élément fusible ou volatile 32A occupant le volume de la chambre annulaire 32 que l'on veut ménager dans la busette (voir Fig.3).At first, we realize the nozzle by isostatic pressing of a refractory material in which is incorporated a fuse or volatile element 32A occupying the volume of the annular chamber 32 that we want to spare in the nozzle (see Fig. 3).

L'élément fusible 32A est fabriqué par exemple en un matériau polymère ou en cire.The 32A fuse element is manufactured for example made of a polymer material or wax.

On cuit ensuite l'ensemble à une température élevée d'environ 1000° faisant fondre le polymère. Le polymère fondu se vaporise à travers la paroi en matériau réfractaire poreux et libère le volume qu'il occupait initialement. Ce volume forme une chambre annulaire autour du canal de la busette. The whole is then cooked at a temperature about 1000 ° high melting the polymer. The molten polymer vaporizes through the material wall porous refractory and releases the volume it occupied initially. This volume forms an annular chamber around of the nozzle channel.

On obtient alors une busette 20 telle que représentée sensiblement à la Fig.2, la chemise 30 étant venue de matière avec le corps 22.We then obtain a nozzle 20 such that shown substantially in Fig. 2, the jacket 30 being coming of matter with the body 22.

Le second procédé de fabrication de la busette comporte les étapes suivantes.The second method of manufacturing the nozzle includes the following steps.

On fabrique séparément un insert tubulaire 30 et un corps tubulaire 22 de busette, tels que représentés respectivement aux figures 4 et 5, par pressage isostatique et cuisson de matériaux réfractaires, selon un procédé connu.A tubular insert 30 is produced separately and a tubular body 22 of nozzle, as shown Figures 4 and 5 respectively, by isostatic pressing and baking of refractory materials, according to a known process.

On fixe ensuite l'insert 30 dans le corps 22 coaxialement à ce dernier, par exemple avec un ciment de type connu, de façon que l'espace libre entre l'insert 30 et le corps 22 de busette forme une chambre annulaire autour du canal de la busette.The insert 30 is then fixed in the body 22 coaxially with the latter, for example with a cement of known type, so that the free space between the insert 30 and the nozzle body 22 forms an annular chamber around the nozzle channel.

Comme on peut le voir à la Fig.4, l'insert et fabriqué en trois parties, une première partie 30A, coaxiale au corps étant introduite par l'extrémité supérieure du corps et les deux autres parties 30B, 30C, formant les branches de l'insert, étant introduites par les orifices inférieurs du corps.As can be seen in Fig. 4, the insert and manufactured in three parts, a first part 30A, coaxial with the body being introduced by the upper end of the body and the other two parts 30B, 30C, forming the branches of the insert, being introduced by the lower holes of the body.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation décrits.The invention is not limited to the modes of realization described.

Le corps de busette et la chemise interne peuvent être fabriqués dans des matériaux réfractaires divers.The nozzle body and the inner liner can be made of refractory materials various.

La busette peut être utilisée dans des installations de coulée continue ou discontinue et peut alimenter en métal en fusion des lingotières de types divers.The nozzle can be used in installations continuous or discontinuous casting and can feed in molten metal ingot molds of various types.

L'invention comporte de nombreux avantages.The invention has many advantages.

Le bouchage d'une busette classique se faisant par oxydation du carbone contenu dans le matériau réfractaire, la chambre annulaire en dépression d'une busette selon l'invention permet d'éviter la migration du monoxyde de carbone gazeux dans le canal de la busette. The clogging of a conventional nozzle being done by oxidation of the carbon contained in the refractory material, the annular chamber in depression of a nozzle according to the invention makes it possible to avoid migration of the carbon monoxide gas in the nozzle channel.

En fabriquant la chemise interne de la busette dans un matériau réfractaire sans carbone, on évite la formation du monoxyde de carbone gazeux à la périphérie du canal et, dans le cas d'une coulée continue d'acier à très faible teneur en carbone, on évite un transfert indésirable de carbone dans l'acier passant dans le canal de la busette.By manufacturing the inner sleeve of the nozzle in a carbon-free refractory material, the formation of carbon monoxide gas at the periphery of the channel and, in the case of a continuous casting of steel at very low carbon content, avoids unwanted transfer carbon in the steel passing through the channel of the nozzle.

Claims (4)

  1. Pouring conduit for metal, of the type comprising:
    a body (22) made of refractory material in which is formed a flow channel (24) for the liquid metal,
    an annular chamber (32) formed in the body (22), arranged around the channel (24) close to the periphery of this channel and extending over substantially the entire length of the channel (24), connected to means (34) for creating underpressure relative to the environment of the blast pipe or for insufflating a neutral gas,
    characterised in that a pipe is formed for the flow of metal by gravity, notably for the continuous pouring of steel, the chamber (32) forming a barrier to the migration of carbon monoxide towards the channel (24), and in that the conduit further comprises a sleeve (30), made of a carbon-free refractory material, interposed between the periphery of the channel (24) and the annular chamber (32).
  2. Conduit according to claim 1, characterised in that the sleeve (30) is made of a carbon-free refractory material comprising, for example, alumina, zircon, aluminium nitrides (AlN) or boron nitrides (BN), spinels, magnesia, borides, particularly zirconium boride (ZrB2).
  3. Conduit according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the pipe body (22) is made of the same refractory material as the sleeve (30).
  4. Conduit according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the pipe body (22) is made of a composite material comprising alumina and graphite.
EP93402277A 1992-09-21 1993-09-17 Casting tube for metal and process for manufacturing such a tube Expired - Lifetime EP0589762B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9211218A FR2695848B1 (en) 1992-09-21 1992-09-21 Metal casting nozzle and methods of manufacturing this nozzle.
FR9211218 1992-09-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0589762A1 EP0589762A1 (en) 1994-03-30
EP0589762B1 true EP0589762B1 (en) 1999-05-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93402277A Expired - Lifetime EP0589762B1 (en) 1992-09-21 1993-09-17 Casting tube for metal and process for manufacturing such a tube

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EP (1) EP0589762B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE180194T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69324984T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2134249T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2695848B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007085465A1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-02 Vesuvius Crucible Company Nozzle for the transfer of molten metal

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5908577A (en) * 1996-08-26 1999-06-01 Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. Nozzle for continuous casting
FR2754748B1 (en) * 1996-10-23 1998-12-04 Vesuvius France Sa TRANSFER PIECE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
BRPI0513258B1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2016-09-27 Vesuvius Crucible Co cap rod, and mounting a cap rod with a metal rod
EP1716945A1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2006-11-02 Vesuvius Crucible Company Immersed pour tube, installation comprising it, process of manufacture and use thereof.
CN105499553B (en) * 2015-12-08 2018-10-19 华耐国际（宜兴）高级陶瓷有限公司 A kind of ESP sheet billets submersed nozzle
CN109482825A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-19 东北大学 A kind of lower casting device

Family Cites Families (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4108339A (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-08-22 Leco Corporation Integral nozzle with gas delivery manifold
DE2703657C2 (en) * 1977-01-28 1979-01-25 Buescher Kg, 5620 Velbert Riser pipe for casting metals under gas pressure
GB8313074D0 (en) * 1983-05-12 1983-06-15 Thornton J M Refractory product
DE3339586A1 (en) * 1983-11-02 1985-05-23 Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden SUBMERSIBLE SPOUT
ES2056083T3 (en) * 1987-09-07 1994-10-01 Danieli Off Mecc CASTING METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE OF A REDUCED HEIGHT AND CORRESPONDING SUBMERGED CASTING NOZZLE.
JPH01309768A (en) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-14 Kawasaki Steel Corp Method and apparatus for continuously casting molten steel under non-oxidization

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007085465A1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-02 Vesuvius Crucible Company Nozzle for the transfer of molten metal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2134249T3 (en) 1999-10-01
ATE180194T1 (en) 1999-06-15
EP0589762A1 (en) 1994-03-30
FR2695848A1 (en) 1994-03-25
DE69324984D1 (en) 1999-06-24
DE69324984T2 (en) 1999-10-07
FR2695848B1 (en) 1994-12-09

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