EP0587185B1 - Continuous dispersing apparatus - Google Patents

Continuous dispersing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0587185B1
EP0587185B1 EP93114601A EP93114601A EP0587185B1 EP 0587185 B1 EP0587185 B1 EP 0587185B1 EP 93114601 A EP93114601 A EP 93114601A EP 93114601 A EP93114601 A EP 93114601A EP 0587185 B1 EP0587185 B1 EP 0587185B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
dispersing apparatus
chambers
rotating shaft
partition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93114601A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0587185A2 (en
EP0587185A3 (en
Inventor
Yasuhiko C/O Toyo Ink Manufacturing Co.Ltd Murase
Naoji C/O Toyo Ink Manufacturing Co.Ltd Mizoguchi
Fumio C/O Toyo Ink Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Yoshida
Kouichi C/O Toyo Ink Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Kanai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd filed Critical Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd
Publication of EP0587185A2 publication Critical patent/EP0587185A2/en
Publication of EP0587185A3 publication Critical patent/EP0587185A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0587185B1 publication Critical patent/EP0587185B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/16—Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/25—Mixers with loose mixing elements, e.g. loose balls in a receptacle
    • B01F33/251—Mixers with loose mixing elements, e.g. loose balls in a receptacle using balls as loose mixing element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a continuous dispersing apparatus in which stirring vanes in a vessel disperse pulverizing media.
  • a mill base which is formed by dispersing a powdered pigment in a varnish, a solvent or the like at a high concentration.
  • a powdered pigment composed of secondary particles formed by agglutinating primary particles of the pigment is pulverized and dispersed in a varnish to produce fine particles not containing coarse particles. Such process is employed to improve the tinting strength of the printing ink and the paint.
  • Dispersing apparatuses such as a sand mill, a grain mill, a ball mill and the like are known.
  • Dispersing apparatuses capable of preparing printing ink, etc. continuously are designed to continuously supply a mill base material from a material supply inlet that communicates with a vessel, a dispersing process is performed in the vessel, and thereafter the dispersed mill base is discharged continuously from a discharge outlet.
  • the supplied mill base material is not dispersed uniformly in the vessel, so-called "short-pass" occurs whereby mill base containing coarse pigment particles is discharged from the discharge outlet.
  • the problem of short pass can be prevented to a certain degree by increasing the rate of loading of pulverizing media.
  • too high a rate of loading of the media induces choking, which results in an uneven distribution of the media on the discharge outlet side, thereby leading to unstable operation of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus is operated at a rate of loading of the pulverizing media of about 75 to 80%.
  • a continuous milling and dispersing machine having a cylindrical vessel which is segmented into chambers by means of partition walls.
  • the chambers are filled with a pulverizing media for pulverizing and dispersing two metal components.
  • a rotating shaft is provided having stirring means. When the rotating shaft is rotated the material components are dispersed and pulverized by the agitation of the stirring means.
  • the different chambers of the dispersing machine are filled with pulverizing materials of different grain size, whereby the grain size at the outlet side is finer than the one at the inlet side.
  • the partition walls have a network structure with openings which are small enough to prevent the pulverizing media from passing therethrough. Only the dispersed material is able to pass the partition walls.
  • an object of the invention is to provide an economically advantageous continuous dispersing apparatus with high pulverizing and dispersing efficiency.
  • the invention is applied to a continuous dispersing apparatus that comprises a vessel for containing pulverizing media; a supply inlet and a discharge outlet formed at respective ends of the vessel, a rotating disc mounted on a rotating shaft passing through the vessel, a partition defining a gap which prevents the passage of the pulverizing media while passing dispersed material, wherein the partition divides the vessel into a plurality of chambers, each chamber having at least one stirring means mounted on the rotating shaft.
  • a continuous dispersing apparatus of the invention has a vessel 10 and a rotating shaft 15 that passes through the vessel 10 via at least one end surface of the vessel 10. While a cylindrical-shaped vessel 10 is shown in the drawings, the section of the vessel may be rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, or conical. While the capacity of the vessel depends on the amount of pulverizing media 20, a capacity of 0.5 liters or more may practically be usable.
  • Stirring vanes 16 formed by a plurality of coaxially mounted pins are mounted on the rotating shaft 15. While the pin may be circular in section, it may also take other sectional forms such as a rectangular, hexagonal, or octagonal.
  • the stirring vane 16 may be formed of a pair of pins mounted in symmetrical form, or four to eight pins may be mounted coaxially in symmetrical form.
  • the stirring vane 15 may also be a flat disc or conical disc having holes such as to allow the pulverizing media 20 to pass therethrough.
  • the distance between the top of the stirring vane 16 and the inner surface of the vessel 10 is preferably at least three times the diameter of the pulverizing media.
  • the inside of the rotating shaft 15 is a cooling water path 15a so that cooling water can circulate therethrough.
  • the rotating shaft is rotated by a rotational power source (not shown) at a peripheral speed of 8 to 12 m/sec.
  • the outside of the vessel 10 is a cooling water flow path 17.
  • the pulverizing media 20 are made of spherical, flat, or amorphous steel, ceramic, stone, or the like.
  • a spherical medium may have an average grain size of 0.3 to 3 mm.
  • the rate of loading of the pulverizing media 20 is from 70 to 95 %, or preferably from 85 to 90 %.
  • a partition 13 includes a rotating disc 13a mounted on the rotating shaft 15, and a ring-like plate 13b fixed to the inner wall of the vessel 10.
  • a slit-like gap 14 is formed between the disc 13a and the plate 13b.
  • the width of the slit does not allow the pulverizing media to pass therethrough, but allows the dispersed material 20 to pass therethrough. If the average size of a spherical pulverizing medium 20 is 1.5 mm, the width of the slit is set to about 0.3 to 0.4 mm.
  • the vessel 10 is divided into a first chamber l0a and a second chamber lOb by the partition 13. While two chambers are formed by the partition 13 as shown in Fig. 1, the number of chambers may be larger than two. It is preferable to arrange two to six stirring vanes along the length of the rotating shaft 15 in each chamber.
  • the gap 14 may be slit-like, or may be in the form of a plurality of small holes.
  • the gap 14 is formed close to the inner wall of the vessel 10. The reason for this is as follows.
  • the rotating vanes 16 rotate, the pulverizing media 20 are distributed in the vicinity of the inner wall of the vessel 10 by centrifugal force. Therefore, while the material to be dispersed which is near the vessel 10 is distributed by the pulverizing media 20 efficiently, the material to be dispersed which is near the rotating shaft 15 is dispersed poorly. Thus, the material that has been dispersed satisfactorily must be transferred to the next chamber efficiently.
  • the partition 13 includes the disc 13a releasably fixed to the rotating shaft 15 and the ring-like plate 13b fixed to the inner wall of the vessel.
  • the radius of the disc 13a is larger than the radius of gyration of the stirring vane 16 so that a dispersing apparatus can be obtained which is easy to disassemble and maintain.
  • a material supply inlet 11 for supplying the material to be dispersed is formed at one end of the vessel 10, when the material comprises a powder pigment and a varnish or a solvent or the like, so that the material can be supplied continuously from the material supply inlet 11.
  • the material dispersed in the chambers l0a and lOb of the vessel 10 is designed to be discharged continuously from a discharge outlet 12 through a slit 19 of a partition 18 that is of the same design as the partition 13.
  • Pulverizing media of varying grain sizes may be loaded into the respective chambers in the dispersing apparatus of the invention. That is, pulverizing media having a relatively large grain size may be loaded in the first chamber, and pulverizing media having a smaller grain size loaded in the next chamber. Such an arrangement contributes to efficient dispersing.
  • the conventional dispersing apparatus is designed so that its vessel is formed of a single chamber, the pulverizing media are subjected to density distribution by the centrifugal force of the rotating vanes so as to cause the material dispersed by the pulverizing media of small density to be discharged from the discharge outlet as insufficiently dispersed.
  • the vessel is divided into two or more chambers. Therefore, the material to be dispersed undergoes a pulverizing and dispersing process in the first chamber, and only the dispersed material is allowed to pass through the partition thereafter so that the transfer distance of the dispersed material is long, is pulverized and dispersed sufficiently.
  • the conventional continuous dispersing apparatus supplies the material to be dispersed continuously, a stream of the dispersed material is produced within the vessel, thereby tending to distribute the pulverizing media locally on the discharge outlet side by the transfer force.
  • the invention which is characterized by dividing the vessel by the partition, such a disadvantage is reduced.
  • the conventional upper limit of the rate of loading of the pulverizing media which is about 85 %, can be improved to about 90 % or more by the dispersing apparatus of the invention.
  • the invention can improve the productivity of producing a printing ink mill basis by about 50% over the productivity of the conventional dispersing apparatus of the same capacity.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention relates to a continuous dispersing apparatus in which stirring vanes in a vessel disperse pulverizing media.
  • In producing printing ink, paint or the like, a mill base is used, which is formed by dispersing a powdered pigment in a varnish, a solvent or the like at a high concentration. In the dispersing process, a powdered pigment composed of secondary particles formed by agglutinating primary particles of the pigment is pulverized and dispersed in a varnish to produce fine particles not containing coarse particles. Such process is employed to improve the tinting strength of the printing ink and the paint.
  • To perform the above process, dispersing apparatuses such as a sand mill, a grain mill, a ball mill and the like are known. Dispersing apparatuses capable of preparing printing ink, etc., continuously are designed to continuously supply a mill base material from a material supply inlet that communicates with a vessel, a dispersing process is performed in the vessel, and thereafter the dispersed mill base is discharged continuously from a discharge outlet. However, since the supplied mill base material is not dispersed uniformly in the vessel, so-called "short-pass" occurs whereby mill base containing coarse pigment particles is discharged from the discharge outlet.
  • The problem of short pass can be prevented to a certain degree by increasing the rate of loading of pulverizing media. However, too high a rate of loading of the media induces choking, which results in an uneven distribution of the media on the discharge outlet side, thereby leading to unstable operation of the apparatus. To avoid this problem, the apparatus is operated at a rate of loading of the pulverizing media of about 75 to 80%.
  • From JP-A-58 153 529 a continuous milling and dispersing machine is known having a cylindrical vessel which is segmented into chambers by means of partition walls. The chambers are filled with a pulverizing media for pulverizing and dispersing two metal components. In the cylindrical vessel a rotating shaft is provided having stirring means. When the rotating shaft is rotated the material components are dispersed and pulverized by the agitation of the stirring means.
  • The different chambers of the dispersing machine are filled with pulverizing materials of different grain size, whereby the grain size at the outlet side is finer than the one at the inlet side. The partition walls have a network structure with openings which are small enough to prevent the pulverizing media from passing therethrough. Only the dispersed material is able to pass the partition walls.
  • The problem of the short pass is not fully prevented by this known machine, because dispersed material which is located in the close surroundings of the rotating shaft is not dispersed very much and may be transported to the outlet side along the rotating shaft, thus, there is a short pass and the material is not fully dispersed.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In order to solve the above problems encountered by the conventional continuous dispersing apparatus, an object of the invention is to provide an economically advantageous continuous dispersing apparatus with high pulverizing and dispersing efficiency.
  • The invention is applied to a continuous dispersing apparatus that comprises a vessel for containing pulverizing media; a supply inlet and a discharge outlet formed at respective ends of the vessel, a rotating disc mounted on a rotating shaft passing through the vessel, a partition defining a gap which prevents the passage of the pulverizing media while passing dispersed material, wherein the partition divides the vessel into a plurality of chambers, each chamber having at least one stirring means mounted on the rotating shaft.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The accompanying drawings illustrate the presently preferred embodiment of the invention and, together with the detailed description of the preferred embodiments provided below, explain the features of the invention, wherein:
    • Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of a continuous dispersing apparatus, which is an embodiment of the invention; and
    • Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along a line A-A' of Fig 1.
    DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • The invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • A continuous dispersing apparatus of the invention has a vessel 10 and a rotating shaft 15 that passes through the vessel 10 via at least one end surface of the vessel 10. While a cylindrical-shaped vessel 10 is shown in the drawings, the section of the vessel may be rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, or conical. While the capacity of the vessel depends on the amount of pulverizing media 20, a capacity of 0.5 liters or more may practically be usable.
  • Stirring vanes 16 formed by a plurality of coaxially mounted pins are mounted on the rotating shaft 15. While the pin may be circular in section, it may also take other sectional forms such as a rectangular, hexagonal, or octagonal.
  • The stirring vane 16 may be formed of a pair of pins mounted in symmetrical form, or four to eight pins may be mounted coaxially in symmetrical form. The stirring vane 15 may also be a flat disc or conical disc having holes such as to allow the pulverizing media 20 to pass therethrough. The distance between the top of the stirring vane 16 and the inner surface of the vessel 10 is preferably at least three times the diameter of the pulverizing media. The inside of the rotating shaft 15 is a cooling water path 15a so that cooling water can circulate therethrough. The rotating shaft is rotated by a rotational power source (not shown) at a peripheral speed of 8 to 12 m/sec. The outside of the vessel 10 is a cooling water flow path 17.
  • The pulverizing media 20 are made of spherical, flat, or amorphous steel, ceramic, stone, or the like. For example, a spherical medium may have an average grain size of 0.3 to 3 mm. The rate of loading of the pulverizing media 20 is from 70 to 95 %, or preferably from 85 to 90 %.
  • A partition 13 includes a rotating disc 13a mounted on the rotating shaft 15, and a ring-like plate 13b fixed to the inner wall of the vessel 10. A slit-like gap 14 is formed between the disc 13a and the plate 13b. The width of the slit does not allow the pulverizing media to pass therethrough, but allows the dispersed material 20 to pass therethrough. If the average size of a spherical pulverizing medium 20 is 1.5 mm, the width of the slit is set to about 0.3 to 0.4 mm.
  • The vessel 10 is divided into a first chamber l0a and a second chamber lOb by the partition 13. While two chambers are formed by the partition 13 as shown in Fig. 1, the number of chambers may be larger than two. It is preferable to arrange two to six stirring vanes along the length of the rotating shaft 15 in each chamber.
  • The gap 14 may be slit-like, or may be in the form of a plurality of small holes. The gap 14 is formed close to the inner wall of the vessel 10. The reason for this is as follows. When the rotating vanes 16 rotate, the pulverizing media 20 are distributed in the vicinity of the inner wall of the vessel 10 by centrifugal force. Therefore, while the material to be dispersed which is near the vessel 10 is distributed by the pulverizing media 20 efficiently, the material to be dispersed which is near the rotating shaft 15 is dispersed poorly. Thus, the material that has been dispersed satisfactorily must be transferred to the next chamber efficiently.
  • The partition 13 includes the disc 13a releasably fixed to the rotating shaft 15 and the ring-like plate 13b fixed to the inner wall of the vessel. The radius of the disc 13a is larger than the radius of gyration of the stirring vane 16 so that a dispersing apparatus can be obtained which is easy to disassemble and maintain.
  • A material supply inlet 11 for supplying the material to be dispersed is formed at one end of the vessel 10, when the material comprises a powder pigment and a varnish or a solvent or the like, so that the material can be supplied continuously from the material supply inlet 11. The material dispersed in the chambers l0a and lOb of the vessel 10 is designed to be discharged continuously from a discharge outlet 12 through a slit 19 of a partition 18 that is of the same design as the partition 13.
  • Pulverizing media of varying grain sizes may be loaded into the respective chambers in the dispersing apparatus of the invention. That is, pulverizing media having a relatively large grain size may be loaded in the first chamber, and pulverizing media having a smaller grain size loaded in the next chamber. Such an arrangement contributes to efficient dispersing.
  • Since the conventional dispersing apparatus is designed so that its vessel is formed of a single chamber, the pulverizing media are subjected to density distribution by the centrifugal force of the rotating vanes so as to cause the material dispersed by the pulverizing media of small density to be discharged from the discharge outlet as insufficiently dispersed. However, in the dispersing apparatus of the invention, as the vessel is divided into two or more chambers. Therefore, the material to be dispersed undergoes a pulverizing and dispersing process in the first chamber, and only the dispersed material is allowed to pass through the partition thereafter so that the transfer distance of the dispersed material is long, is pulverized and dispersed sufficiently.
  • Further, since the conventional continuous dispersing apparatus supplies the material to be dispersed continuously, a stream of the dispersed material is produced within the vessel, thereby tending to distribute the pulverizing media locally on the discharge outlet side by the transfer force. According to the invention, which is characterized by dividing the vessel by the partition, such a disadvantage is reduced. As a result, the conventional upper limit of the rate of loading of the pulverizing media, which is about 85 %, can be improved to about 90 % or more by the dispersing apparatus of the invention.
  • As a result of the above-described advantages, the invention can improve the productivity of producing a printing ink mill basis by about 50% over the productivity of the conventional dispersing apparatus of the same capacity.

Claims (7)

  1. A continuous dispersing apparatus comprising:
    a vessel (10) containing pulverizing media (20),
    a supply inlet (11) and a discharge outlet (12) formed at respective ends of said vessel (10),
    a rotating shaft (15) passing through the vessel (10) having an inner wall,
    a partition or partitions (13) dividing said vessel (10) into a plurality of chambers (10a, 10b) said partition (13) defining a gap (14) preventing passage of said pulverizing media (20) between said chambers while a dispersed material is able to pass therethrough, and
    at least one stirring means (16) mounted on said rotating shaft (15) in each of said chambers (10a, 10b),
    characterized in that
    the gap is arranged close to the wall of the vessel.
  2. The continuous dispersing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said partition (13) comprises a rotating disc (13a) mounted on said rotating shaft (15) and a ring-like plate (13b) fixed on an inner wall of said vessel (10), said gap (14) being formed between said rotating disc (13a) and said ring-like plate (13b).
  3. The continuous dispersing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said gap (14) is a slit-like gap.
  4. The continuous dispersing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said partition (13) is formed between said discharge outlet (12) and one of said plurality of chambers (10a, 10b) adjacent to said discharge outlet (12).
  5. The continuous dispersing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said disc (13a) is releasably fixed on said rotating shaft (15), and the radius of said disc (13a) is larger than the length of said stirring means (16).
  6. The continuous dispersing apparatus according to claim l, wherein the distance between the top of said stirring means and an inner surface of said vessel (10) is at least three times the diameter of said pulverizing media (20).
  7. The continuous dispersing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein two to six stirring means (16) are arranged in each of said chambers (10a, 10b).
EP93114601A 1992-09-11 1993-09-10 Continuous dispersing apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0587185B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP26940192 1992-09-11
JP269401/92 1992-09-11
JP58829/93 1993-03-18
JP5058829A JPH06134271A (en) 1992-09-11 1993-03-18 Continuous dispersing device

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0587185A2 EP0587185A2 (en) 1994-03-16
EP0587185A3 EP0587185A3 (en) 1994-09-28
EP0587185B1 true EP0587185B1 (en) 1997-07-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93114601A Expired - Lifetime EP0587185B1 (en) 1992-09-11 1993-09-10 Continuous dispersing apparatus

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EP (1) EP0587185B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06134271A (en)
DE (1) DE69311862T2 (en)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69621352T2 (en) * 1996-11-22 2003-03-06 Toyo Ink Mfg. Co., Ltd. disperser
JP2002204969A (en) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-23 Inoue Seisakusho:Kk Bead mill for pipeline
JP2007229578A (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-13 Toray Ind Inc Paste dispersion device and method of manufacturing paste
KR100921190B1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2009-10-13 베스트화학기계공업(주) Mill with increased grinding efficiency
CN106310989A (en) * 2016-11-18 2017-01-11 安陆鲸鱼嘴电子科技有限公司 Emulsifying apparatus allowing cream to be easily discharged
CN107755018A (en) * 2017-11-23 2018-03-06 恩平市弘彩数码科技有限公司 A kind of nano-level grinder gap separator
CN108176306A (en) * 2018-01-05 2018-06-19 刘楚楚 A kind of closed mixing plant of paint
CN112024058B (en) * 2020-09-16 2024-07-19 郴州市东卓矿山设备有限公司 Dry mill
CN112535976A (en) * 2020-11-17 2021-03-23 湖南省方圆磨料磨具有限公司 Material mixing equipment for manufacturing grinding wheel
CN112755843A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-05-07 广东赛安特新材料有限公司 Stirring emulsification equipment
KR102663295B1 (en) * 2021-09-27 2024-05-29 주식회사 이앤에이치 Nano-bubble generator

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US3149789A (en) * 1960-10-28 1964-09-22 Szegvari Andrew Continuous process of grinding particulate material
US3698647A (en) * 1970-12-08 1972-10-17 Ferrox Iron Ltd Process for grinding particulate solids
US4106116A (en) * 1977-01-07 1978-08-08 Mackay Malcolm H Dispersing apparatus
JPS5946663B2 (en) * 1982-03-08 1984-11-14 大日本塗料株式会社 Kneading and dispersing machine
JPS5946664B2 (en) * 1982-03-24 1984-11-14 大日本塗料株式会社 Kneading and dispersing machine
AU1097583A (en) * 1983-02-03 1984-08-09 Union Process International Inc. Comminuting mill
DE3431553A1 (en) * 1984-08-28 1986-03-13 Draiswerke Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim AGITATOR MILL

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69311862D1 (en) 1997-08-07
JPH06134271A (en) 1994-05-17
DE69311862T2 (en) 1998-01-02
EP0587185A2 (en) 1994-03-16
EP0587185A3 (en) 1994-09-28

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