EP0585430B1 - Externally heated, regenerative heating and refrigerating machine - Google Patents
Externally heated, regenerative heating and refrigerating machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0585430B1 EP0585430B1 EP93905156A EP93905156A EP0585430B1 EP 0585430 B1 EP0585430 B1 EP 0585430B1 EP 93905156 A EP93905156 A EP 93905156A EP 93905156 A EP93905156 A EP 93905156A EP 0585430 B1 EP0585430 B1 EP 0585430B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- machine according
- working volume
- pistons
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
- F02G1/0445—Engine plants with combined cycles, e.g. Vuilleumier
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2250/00—Special cycles or special engines
- F02G2250/18—Vuilleumier cycles
Definitions
- the invention relates to an externally heated, regenerative heating and cooling machine operating according to the Vuilleumier cycle process.
- a heating and cooling machine is known, for example, from EP-A-0 238 707.
- Such heating and cooling machines have already been developed based on the Vuilleumier cycle, which has been known since 1918, and have among other things. the advantage that they can be operated with helium or hydrogen gas instead of environmentally harmful CFCs.
- control gear In the "control gear” mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, however, it is not a gear that can be used to control the piston movements, but only springs between the piston and the housing, which together with the piston in the housing form an oscillatory system. This does not apply directly to a constructive embodiment of such a "Vuilleumier machine” (see also the above-mentioned literature reference), in which the cylinders for the pistons are offset by 90 ° and the pistons are positively coupled to one another by a crank mechanism, which is the same as that
- the generic term corresponding to the basic principle with linearly and coaxially movable pistons is considered disadvantageous in that all regenerators and heat exchangers are peripherally assigned to the actual machine, which requires correspondingly complex connection, sealing and insulation measures.
- a generic heating and cooling machine is known from EP-A-0283707. It is an externally heated heating and cooling machine, with two linear and coaxial moving pistons arranged in a pressure-tight housing with flow and return connections. A working volume formed can be supplied with heat from the outside by means of a burner. A power control that intervenes in the movement process of the pistons is not provided.
- the comparatively complex device is complex to manufacture and assemble and thus only requires a great deal of time.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to improve a machine of the generic type in such a way that such a machine including the necessary heat exchangers and regenerators in a compact design for the implementation of the advantageous Vuilleumier cycle can be created, which is nevertheless easy and simple to assemble and should offer the possibility to intervene in the movement process of the pistons with respect to a power control.
- This design according to the invention not only has the advantage that all the elements required for carrying out the cycle are combined in a single tubular container in a very small space, but these elements can also all be inserted from an open side during manufacture or assembly, which can then only be closed in a suitable manner in a pressure-tight manner.
- a further space for accommodating a control gearbox is accommodated at the same time, namely below the "cold side" of the machine, which has the advantage that all movable elements can be exchanged from this side in the event of a possible damage tubular container ago to make.
- the entire system carrying the operating gas is enclosed in the pressure vessel without any external conduit guides, which only has to be provided with connections for the two heat transfer medium circuits.
- the two pistons are provided with piston rods, which together engage in the space additionally arranged on the cold side, in which currentable and elastic control elements for the piston movements are arranged, the piston rods engaging with their piston rod ends between two E-magnets which are spaced apart according to the maximum piston stroke and each piston rod end between two against the Walls of the room supported compression springs are arranged clamped, and furthermore the piston rod of the piston limiting the hot working volume passes through the piston rod designed as a tube of the other piston and the ends of the piston rod are provided with two-armed cross arms, each of which grips between e-magnets and compression springs.
- the compact design is also consistently adhered to and both piston rods are oriented towards the cold side of the machine, on which the common control gear is also located.
- the heat exchanger delimiting the accommodation space for the control gear is concavely curved towards the piston, as seen from the outside, and the associated piston on the side of the cold working volume is curved accordingly.
- the heat exchanger which is thus designed to be pressure-favorable due to the curvature, forms, as it were, a bell arching over the additional space, the shape of which also simultaneously forms a relatively large heat transfer surface, which is cheap in that there are no large temperature openings in this "cold" area.
- the end wall, seen from the outside is also concavely curved and the piston is adapted to this curvature of the end wall. Since this end wall is subjected to high temperatures from the burner, this end wall on the burner side is advantageously provided on its peripheral edge with an annular cooling channel, which accordingly has coolant supply and return connections.
- the "hot” regenerator can also be arranged elsewhere in the pressure vessel on its hot side, an embodiment is preferred in that the "hot” regenerator is integrated in the piston which essentially limits the hot working volume on the piston side. As a result, when the piston is in the highest position, the regenerator comes into direct contact with the end wall and longer feed paths of the hot operating gas to the regenerator are eliminated.
- the piston liner is designed as a heat exchanger wall, and according to this embodiment the space for the control gear limits the cold working volume by means of easily insertable heat insulation material.
- the machine consists in a known manner of a pressure-tight housing 1 with two pistons 2, 3 which are linearly and coaxially movable therein, which together limit a warm working volume 5, and of which one piston 2 in the housing 1 is a hot, externally by means of a burner 22 subjected to heat (6) and the other piston 3 limits a cold working volume 7, the three variable working volumes 5, 6, 7 being interconnected with the interposition of regenerators and heat exchangers, and wherein in the housing 1 a control gear S is arranged for the pistons 2, 3.
- the housing 1 is designed as a tubular pressure vessel 1 'with flow and return connections 10 to 13 for two heat transfer circuits, and all the regenerators 8, 9 and heat exchangers 14, 15 in the pressure vessel 1 are arranged that further a piston liner 16 with overflow openings 17, 18, 19 leading to the working volumes 5, 6, 7 is arranged in the pressure vessel 1 ', and that in the pressure vessel 1' the heat exchanger 15 for the one heat transfer medium on the one hand the cold working volume 7 and on the other hand delimits a space 70 in which the control gear S which is operatively connected to the pistons 2, 3 is arranged.
- the hot and cold working volumes 6, 7 cannot be seen in FIG. 1, but can be seen in FIGS.
- regenerators 8, 9 and the heat exchangers 14, 15 including the heat exchanger, to which heat is supplied from the outside are in contrast to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 in addition to the actual one and illustrated only schematically in FIG. 7.
- the "hot" regenerator 8 is integrated in the manner shown in the piston 2, which limits the hot working volume 6. Behind or below the regenerator 8, a channel 8 ′ ensures an outflow of the hot operating gas to the overflow openings 17 to the heat exchanger 14 and into the warm working volume 5.
- the end wall 23 opposite the burner 22, viewed from the outside, is concavely curved, and the piston 2, with its integrated regenerator 8, is correspondingly adapted to this shape of the end wall 23.
- connecting wall 23 assumes a high temperature, this is, as shown, provided with an annular cooling channel 24, the flow and return connections 24 'of which are suitably integrated into a heating circuit, but which can also be connected to a separate circuit.
- the heat exchanger 15 delimiting the space 70 on the cold side KS is also concave towards the piston 3, as seen from the outside, and likewise the piston 3 on the side of the cold working volume 7.
- the curvature of the heat exchanger 15 is somewhat less, at least in the peripheral edge regions held as that of the surface of the piston 2 facing this, whereby the operating gas is quasi squeezed out discharged to the cold working volume 7 and fed to the regenerator 9.
- a partition wall 32 provided with through-flow openings, which also divides the inflow space 26 to the heat exchanger 14, and advantageously in the through-flow openings, may be arranged advantageously, but not necessarily, centrally and stationary in the warm working volume 5 between the pistons 2, 3 additional regenerators 33 are arranged.
- the heat exchanger 14 which can be connected to a heating circuit is arranged on both sides of the overflow opening 18 between the piston liner 16 and the pressure vessel wall 1 "and this heat exchanger 14 on the cold side KS of the" cold "regenerator 9 also in the intermediate space 25 of the piston liner 16 and the pressure vessel wall 1 "is connected upstream.
- the remaining free spaces in the intermediate space 25 are filled with heat insulation material 27 while keeping the inflow spaces 26 assigned to the overflow openings 17, 18, 19 free, which, correspondingly preformed and dimensionally stable, is simply inserted into the pressure vessel 1 'when the machine is assembled.
- the two pistons 2, 3 are provided with piston rods 20, 21, which together engage in the space 70 in which current-controllable and elastic control elements for the piston movements are arranged.
- the piston rods 20, 21 engage with their piston rod ends 20 ', 21' between two E-magnets 28, 29 which are spaced apart from the maximum piston stroke H.
- Each piston rod end 20 ', 21' is arranged clamped between two compression springs 30, 31 supported against the walls of the space 70, the piston rod 20 of the piston 2 delimiting the hot working volume 6 passing through the piston rod 21 of the other piston 3, which is designed as a tube, and the piston rod ends 20 ', 21' are provided with two-arm cross arms 20 ", 21", ie, only these cross arms 20 ", 21” engage in each of the exemplary embodiment between the E-magnets 28, 29 and the compression springs 30, 31.
- the upper piston 2 When the maximum position is reached, the upper piston 2 is held in place and the lower piston 3 goes down. When this has reached its lowest position in which it is held, the upper piston 2 is released and moves to the lower piston 3, after which both pistons 2, 3 go up together again, etc. Intervene in a way that regulates the piston movements and thus regulate the output, because without having to change the external heat input through the burner 22, the holding period of the pistons 2, 3 can be changed by appropriately controlled energization of the e-magnets 28, 29.
- the piston 2 delimiting the hot working volume 6 is provided with a central piston extension 40 on its piston surface 2 'delimiting the warm working volume 5, which plunges into a Form-fitting recess 41 of the other piston 3 engages, the piston rod 20 being arranged on the bottom 42 of the piston extension 40 and the piston rod 21 being arranged on the bottom 43 of the recess 41.
- the in Fi is provided for this purpose (see FIGS. 1 and 5) that the piston 2 delimiting the hot working volume 6 is provided with a central piston extension 40 on its piston surface 2 'delimiting the warm working volume 5, which plunges into a Form-fitting recess 41 of the other piston 3 engages, the piston rod 20 being arranged on the bottom 42 of the piston extension 40 and the piston rod 21 being arranged on the bottom 43 of the recess 41.
- seals 45 are not absolutely necessary, since the space 44 is accommodated in the closed housing 1 and there is nothing to the extent that the equipment (for example helium) is also in this space 44 or can get into it.
- the space 44 in the recess 41 which also changes during the piston movements, is expediently connected to the gas-carrying spaces via a bypass line (not shown).
- the gas burner 22 is designed in the form of a mushroom-head burner, to which a heat exchanger 22 (see FIG. 4) provided with spiral chambers is assigned, through which the hot exhaust gases flow on the one hand and a cooling medium (heating water) and the fuel-air mixture for the burner, as is illustrated in FIG. 4 with corresponding arrows.
- the base 46 carrying the heat exchanger 15 is welded into the pressure vessel 1' in the exemplary embodiment shown.
- this base 46 it is also possible, as is readily conceivable, to flange-mount this base 46 in a pressure-tight manner, which has the advantage of being able to pull out the two pistons 2, 3 together with the control elements and to be able to replace them if necessary.
- the piston liner 16 which is preferably made of ceramic, between the lower edge 16 'and the bottom 46 of which a resilient ring 47 is arranged.
- FIG. 6 which is preferred and which has a much cheaper and simpler structure, works on the same principle as explained for FIG. 7.
- the corresponding reference symbols are used essentially and for the essential parts.
- the piston running surface 16 according to FIG. 1 is designed here as a heat exchange wall 16 'between the heat transfer media and the gas side and with this wall 16' in the region of the piston 3 on the cold side on the gas side includes the regenerator 9 and the other separates the spaces 50, 50 'carrying heat transfer media from one another.
- the wall 16 ' is provided with helical gears 51 which are pronounced with respect to the pressure container wall 1 ".
- regenerator 8 is also integrated in the piston 2. However, it is also possible to arrange the regenerator 8 stationary there instead of the upper heat insulation 27.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine außenbeheizte, regenerative, nach dem Vuilleumier-Kreisprozeß arbeitende Wärme- und Kältemaschine gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Eine derartige Wärme- und Kältemaschine ist beispielsweise aus der EP-A-0 238 707 bekannt.The invention relates to an externally heated, regenerative heating and cooling machine operating according to the Vuilleumier cycle process. Such a heating and cooling machine is known, for example, from EP-A-0 238 707.
Derartige Wärme- und Kältemaschinen sind, basierend auf dem schon seit 1918 bekannten Vuilleumier-Kreisprozeß, bereits entwickelt worden und haben u.a. den Vorteil, daß diese anstelle von umweltschädlichem FCKW mit Helium oder Wasserstoffgas betrieben werden können.Such heating and cooling machines have already been developed based on the Vuilleumier cycle, which has been known since 1918, and have among other things. the advantage that they can be operated with helium or hydrogen gas instead of environmentally harmful CFCs.
Bezüglich des Vuilleumier-Kreisprozesses und dessen konstruktiven Verwirklichungsmöglichkeiten wird auf die DE-Z: gwf-gas/erd-gas 127(1986) Heft 5, Seiten 205-210 verwiesen.Regarding the Vuilleumier cycle process and its constructive implementation options, reference is made to DE-Z: gwf-gas / erd-gas 127 (1986) No. 5, pages 205-210.
Beim im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 erwähnten "Steuergetriebe" handelt es sich allerdings nicht um ein Getriebe, mit dem steuernd in die Kolbenbewegungen eingegriffen werden kann, sondern lediglich um Federn zwischen Kolben und Gehäuse, die gemeinsam mit den Kolben im Gehäuse ein schwingungsfähiges System bilden. Dies gilt nicht direkt für eine konstruktive Ausführungsform einer solchen "Vuilleumier-Maschine" (siehe ebenfalls die oben genannte Literaturstelle), bei der die Zylinder für die Kolben um 90° versetzt und die Kolben miteinander durch einen Kurbeltrieb zwangsgekoppelt sind, die genauso wie das dem Oberbegriff entsprechende Grundprinzip mit linear und koaxial beweglichen Kolben insofern als nachteilig angesehen wird, als hierbei sämtliche Regeneratoren und Wärmetauscher der eigentlichen Maschine peripher zugeordnet sind, was entsprechend aufwendige Anschluß-, Abdichtungs- und auch Isolationsmaßnahmen erfordert.In the "control gear" mentioned in the preamble of
Eine gattungsgemäße Wärme- und Kältemaschine ist aus der EP-A-0283707 bekannt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine außenbeheizte Wärme- und Kältemaschine, wobei in einem druckdichten Gehäuse mit Vor- und Rücklaufanschlüssen zwei linear und koaxial bewegliche Kolben angeordnet sind. Ein gebildetes Arbeitsvolumen kann von außen mittels eines Brenners mit Wärme beaufschlagt werden. Eine in den Bewegungsvorgang der Kolben eingreifende Leistungsregelung ist nicht vorgesehen. Darüber hinaus ist die vergleichsweise komplexe Vorrichtung aufwendig herstellbar und zu montieren und damit nur mit großem Zeitaufwand zu warten.A generic heating and cooling machine is known from EP-A-0283707. It is an externally heated heating and cooling machine, with two linear and coaxial moving pistons arranged in a pressure-tight housing with flow and return connections. A working volume formed can be supplied with heat from the outside by means of a burner. A power control that intervenes in the movement process of the pistons is not provided. In addition, the comparatively complex device is complex to manufacture and assemble and thus only requires a great deal of time.
Der Erfindung liegt demgemäß die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Maschine der gattungsgemäßen Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß für die Umsetzung des vorteilhaften Vuilleumier-Kreisprozesses in der Praxis eine solche Maschine einschließlich der notwendigen Wärmetauscher und Regeneratoren in kompakter Bauweise erstellt werden kann, die dabei trotzdem leicht und einfach zusammenbaubar sein und die Möglichkeit bieten soll, bezgl. einer Leistungsregelung in den Bewegungsvorgang der Kolben eingreifen zu können.The invention is therefore based on the object to improve a machine of the generic type in such a way that such a machine including the necessary heat exchangers and regenerators in a compact design for the implementation of the advantageous Vuilleumier cycle can be created, which is nevertheless easy and simple to assemble and should offer the possibility to intervene in the movement process of the pistons with respect to a power control.
Diese Aufgabe ist mit einer Maschine der eingangs genannten Art nach der Erfindung durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruches 1 bzw. des Patentanspruchs 18 angeführten Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich nach den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved with a machine of the type mentioned according to the invention by the features stated in the characterizing part of
Diese erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung hat nicht nur den Vorteil, daß alle für die Durchführung des Kreisprozesses notwendigen Elemente auf engstem Raum in einem einzigen rohrförmigen Behälter zusammengefaßt sind, sondern diese Elemente lassen sich auch bei der Herstellung bzw. Montage alle von einer noch offenen Seite her einschieben, die dann in geeigneter Weise nur noch druckdicht zu verschließen ist. In diesem rohrförmigen Behälter ist dabei gleichzeitig ein weiterer Raum für die Unterbringung eines Steuergetriebes mit untergebracht, und zwar unterhalb der "kalten Seite" der Maschine, was mit dem Vorteil verbunden ist, bei einem evtl. Schadensfall eine Austauschbarkeit aller beweglichen Elemente von dieser Seite des rohrförmigen Behälters her vornehmen zu können. In Konsequenz dieser erfindungsgemäßen Bauweise ist das ganze das Betriebsgas führende System ohne diesbezügliche äußere Leitunsführungen im Druckbehälter eingeschlossen, der lediglich mit Anschlüssen für die beiden Wärmeträgermediumskreise versehen werden muß.This design according to the invention not only has the advantage that all the elements required for carrying out the cycle are combined in a single tubular container in a very small space, but these elements can also all be inserted from an open side during manufacture or assembly, which can then only be closed in a suitable manner in a pressure-tight manner. In this tubular container, a further space for accommodating a control gearbox is accommodated at the same time, namely below the "cold side" of the machine, which has the advantage that all movable elements can be exchanged from this side in the event of a possible damage tubular container ago to make. As a consequence of this design according to the invention, the entire system carrying the operating gas is enclosed in the pressure vessel without any external conduit guides, which only has to be provided with connections for the two heat transfer medium circuits.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen einer solchen Maschine bestehen in folgendem:
Die beiden Kolben sind mit Kolbenstangen versehen, die gemeinsam in den zusätzlich auf der kalten Seite angeordneten Raum eingreifen, in dem bestrombare und elastische Steuerelemente für die Kolbenbewegungen angeordnet sind, wobei die Kolbenstangen mit ihren Kolbenstangenenden zwischen zwei dem maximalen Kolbenhub entsprechend distanzierte E-Magnete eingreifen und jedes Kolbenstangenende zwischen zwei gegen die Wände des Raumes abgestützte Druckfedern eingespannt angeordnet sind, und wobei ferner die Kolbenstange des das heiße Arbeitsvolumen begrenzenden Kolbens die als Rohr ausgebildete Kolbenstange des anderen Kolbens durchgreift und die Kolbenstangenenden mit zweiarmigen Querauslegern versehen sind, die jeweils zwischen E-Magnete und Druckfedern greifen. Abgesehen davon, daß aufgrund dieser Ausgestaltung auf elegante Weise die Bewegungsablauf der Kolben zwecks Leistungsregelung der Maschine gesteuert werden kann, ist auch hiermit konsequent die kompakte Bauweise eingehalten und beide Kolbenstangen sind zur kalten Seite der Maschine orientiert, auf der sich auch das gemeinsame Steuergetriebe befindet.Advantageous configurations of such a machine consist in the following:
The two pistons are provided with piston rods, which together engage in the space additionally arranged on the cold side, in which currentable and elastic control elements for the piston movements are arranged, the piston rods engaging with their piston rod ends between two E-magnets which are spaced apart according to the maximum piston stroke and each piston rod end between two against the Walls of the room supported compression springs are arranged clamped, and furthermore the piston rod of the piston limiting the hot working volume passes through the piston rod designed as a tube of the other piston and the ends of the piston rod are provided with two-armed cross arms, each of which grips between e-magnets and compression springs. In addition to the fact that, due to this design, the movement of the pistons can be controlled in an elegant manner for the purpose of regulating the power of the machine, the compact design is also consistently adhered to and both piston rods are oriented towards the cold side of the machine, on which the common control gear is also located.
Der den Unterbringungsraum für das Steuergetriebe begrenzende Wärmetauscher ist zum Kolben hin, von außen gesehen, konkav gewölbt und der zugehörige Kolben auf der Seite des kalten Arbeitsvolumens ist entsprechend gewölbt ausgebildet. Der somit durch die Wölbung druckgünstig gestaltete Wärmetauscher bildet gewissermaßen eine den zusätzlichen Raum überwölbende Glocke, durch deren Form auch gleichzeitig eine relativ große Wärmeübertragungsfläche gebildet wird, die insofern günstig ist, weil in diesem "kalten" Bereich keine großen Temperaturöffnungen vorliegen. Ebenfalls im Interesse einer möglichst großen Wärmeübertragungsfläche und einer druckstabilen Ausbildung der Stirnfläche des Druckbehälters auf der heißen Seite ist die Abschlußwand, von außen gesehen, ebenfalls konkav gewölbt und der Kolben an diese Wölbungsform der Abschlußwand entsprechend angepaßt ausgebildet. Da diese Abschlußwand vom Brenner aus mit hohen Temperaturen beaufschlagt wird, ist vorteilhaft diese brennerseitige Abschlußwand an ihrem Umfangsrand mit einem ringförmigen Kühlkanal versehen, der entsprechend Kühlmittelvor- und -rücklaufanschlüsse aufweist.The heat exchanger delimiting the accommodation space for the control gear is concavely curved towards the piston, as seen from the outside, and the associated piston on the side of the cold working volume is curved accordingly. The heat exchanger, which is thus designed to be pressure-favorable due to the curvature, forms, as it were, a bell arching over the additional space, the shape of which also simultaneously forms a relatively large heat transfer surface, which is cheap in that there are no large temperature openings in this "cold" area. Also in the interest of the largest possible heat transfer surface and a pressure-stable design of the end face of the pressure vessel on the hot side, the end wall, seen from the outside, is also concavely curved and the piston is adapted to this curvature of the end wall. Since this end wall is subjected to high temperatures from the burner, this end wall on the burner side is advantageously provided on its peripheral edge with an annular cooling channel, which accordingly has coolant supply and return connections.
Abgesehen davon, daß der "heiße" Regenerator auch an anderer Stelle im Druckbehälter auf dessen heißer Seite angeordnet werden kann, wird aber eine Ausgestaltung dahingehend bevorzugt, daß der "heiße" Regenerator in dem Kolben integriert ist, der im wesentlichen kolbenseitig das heiße Arbeitsvolumen begrenzt. Dadurch kommt in Höchststellung dieses Kolbens der Regenerator in Direktkontakt mit der Abschlußwand und längere Zufuhrwege des heißen Betriebsgases zum Regenerator entfallen.Apart from the fact that the "hot" regenerator can also be arranged elsewhere in the pressure vessel on its hot side, an embodiment is preferred in that the "hot" regenerator is integrated in the piston which essentially limits the hot working volume on the piston side. As a result, when the piston is in the highest position, the regenerator comes into direct contact with the end wall and longer feed paths of the hot operating gas to the regenerator are eliminated.
Im Sinne kurzer Strömungswege und einer kompakten Bauweise wird die eingangs gestellte Aufgabe alternativ durch eine durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 18 gekennzeichnete Maschine gelöst.In the sense of short flow paths and a compact design, the task set out is alternatively solved by a machine characterized by the features of
Bei dieser erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung ist vorgesehen, die Kolbenlaufbüchse als Wärmetauscherwand auszubilden, wobei gemäß dieser Ausführungsform der Raum für das Steuergetriebe über einfach einfügbares Wärmeisolationsmaterial das kalte Arbeitsvolumen begrenzt.In this embodiment according to the invention, it is provided that the piston liner is designed as a heat exchanger wall, and according to this embodiment the space for the control gear limits the cold working volume by means of easily insertable heat insulation material.
Die erfindungsgemäße, regenerative Wärme- und Kältemaschine einschließlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltungen werden nachfolgend anhand der zeichnerischen Darstellung von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The regenerative heating and cooling machine according to the invention, including further advantageous refinements, will be explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments.
Es zeigt schematisch
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt durch die Wärme- und Kältemaschine;
- Fig. 2, 3
- bauliche Einzelheiten bezüglich der Steuerelemente;
- Fig. 4
- im Schnitt einen der Maschine bzw. dem Brenner zuzuordnenden Luftvorwärmer;
- Fig. 5
- vergrößert einen Schnitt durch eine besondere Ausführungsform des warmen Arbeitsvolumens;
- Fig. 6
- einen Schnitt durch eine weitere und bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Maschine und
- Fig. 7A-M
- die Bewegungsschemata der Kolben, jeweils in Verbindung mit dem p-v-Diagramm.
- Fig. 1
- a longitudinal section through the heating and cooling machine;
- 2, 3
- structural details regarding the controls;
- Fig. 4
- on average one air preheater to be assigned to the machine or burner;
- Fig. 5
- enlarges a section through a special embodiment of the warm working volume;
- Fig. 6
- a section through a further and preferred embodiment of the machine and
- 7A-M
- the movement patterns of the pistons, each in connection with the pv diagram.
Unter Bezug auf Fig. 1 besteht die Maschine in bekannter Weise aus einem druckdichten Gehäuse 1 mit zwei darin linear und koaxial beweglichen Kolben 2, 3, die gemeinsam ein warmes Arbeitsvolumen 5 begrenzen, und von denen der eine Kolben 2 im Gehäuse 1 ein heißes, von außen mittels eines Brenners 22 mit Wärme beaufschlagtes (6) und der andere Kolben 3 ein kaltes Arbeitsvolumen 7 begrenzt, wobei die drei veränderlichen Arbeitsvolumina 5, 6, 7 unter Zwischenschaltung von Regeneratoren und Wärmetauschern miteinander verbunden sind, und wobei im Gehäuse 1 ein Steuergetriebe S für die Kolben 2, 3 angeordnet ist. Für eine solche Maschine ist nun zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe wesentlich, daß das Gehäuse 1 als rohrförmiger Druckbehälter 1' mit Vor- und Rücklaufanschlüssen 10 bis 13 für zwei Wärmeträgerkreise ausgebildet ist, und im Druckbehälter 1 sämtliche Regeneratoren 8, 9 und Wärmetauscher 14, 15 angeordnet sind, daß ferner im Druckbehälter 1' eine Kolbenlaufbüchse 16 mit zu den Arbeitsvolumina 5, 6, 7 führenden Überströmöffnungen 17, 18, 19 angeordnet ist, und daß im Druckbehälter 1' der Wärmetauscher 15 für das eine Wärmeträgermedium einerseits das kalte Arbeitsvolumen 7 und andererseits einen Raum 70 begrenzt, in dem das mit den Kolben 2, 3 in Wirkverbindung stehende Steuergetriebe S angeordnet ist. Bei den dargestellten Kolbenpositionen sind in Fig. 1 die heißen und kalten Arbeitsvolumina 6, 7 nicht erkennbar, wohl aber in Fig. 7A-J, in denen die einzelnen Bewegungsvorgänge der beiden Kolben 2, 3 dargestellt und zwar jeweils mit einem nebenstehenden p-v-Diagramm, in denen die Druckorientierungen in den Arbeitsvolumina mit entsprechenden Pfeilen verdeutlicht sind. Aus Übersichtsgründen sind hierbei die Regeneratoren 8, 9 und die Wärmetauscher 14, 15 einschließlich des WT's, dem von außen Wärme zugeführt wird, im Gegensatz zum Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 1 neben der eigentlichen und in Fig. 7 nur schematisch dargestellten Maschine verdeutlicht.With reference to FIG. 1, the machine consists in a known manner of a pressure-
Die beim Betrieb der Maschine stattfindenden Strömungen sowohl des Betriebsmittelgases als auch der Wärmeträgermedien in den anzuschließenden Heiz- und Kühlkreisen, die nicht dargestellt sind, bedürfen keiner näheren Erläuterung, da sich diesbezüglich nichts anderes ergibt, als beim bekannten Vuilleumier-Prozeß.The flows of both the operating gas and the heat transfer media in the heating and cooling circuits to be connected, which are not shown, during operation of the machine require no further explanation, since nothing else arises in this regard than in the known Vuilleumier process.
Beim dargestellten und bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der "heiße" Regenerator 8 in dargestellter Art in den Kolben 2 integriert, der das heiße Arbeitsvolumen 6 begrenzt. Hinter bzw. unter dem Regenerator 8 sorgt ein Kanal 8' für eine Abströmung des heißen Betriebsgases zu den Überströmöffnungen 17 zum Wärmetauscher 14 und in das warme Arbeitsvolumen 5.In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the "hot"
Aus den genannten Gründen ist die dem Brenner 22 gegenüberstehende Abschlußwand 23, von außen gesehen, konkav gewölbt, und der Kolben 2 ist mit seinem integrierten Regenerator 8 an diese Wölbungsform der Abschlußwand 23 entsprechend angepaßt.For the reasons mentioned, the
Da die Anschlußwand 23 eine hohe Temperatur annimmt, ist diese, wie dargestellt, mit einem ringförmigen Kühlkanal 24 versehen, dessen Vor- und Rücklaufanschlüsse 24' in geeigneter Weise in einen Heizkreis eingebunden sind, die aber auch mit einem eigenen Kreis in Verbindung stehen können.Since the connecting
Der den Raum 70 auf der kalten Seite KS begrenzende Wärmetauscher 15 ist zum Kolben 3 hin, von außen gesehen, ebenfalls konkav gewölbt und ebenso der Kolben 3 auf der Seite des kalten Arbeitsvolumens 7. Die Krümmung des Wärmetauschers 15 ist mindestens in den Umfangsrandbereichen etwas geringer gehalten als die der diesem zugewandte Fläche des Kolbens 2, wodurch gewissermaßen per Quetschströmung das Betriebsgas aus dem kalten Arbeitsvolumen 7 abgeführt und dem Regenerator 9 zugeführt wird.The
Unter Verweis auf Fig. 5 kann vorteilhaft, muß aber nicht zwingend, mittig und stationär im warmen Arbeitsvolumen 5 zwischen den Kolben 2, 3 eine mit Durchströmöffnungen versehene Trennwand 32 angeordnet sein, die auch den Zuströmraum 26 zum Wärmetauscher 14 teilt, und in deren Durchströmöffnungen zusätzliche Regeneratoren 33 angeordnet sind. Voraussetzung dafür ist, daß der an einen Heizkreis anschließbare Wärmetauscher 14 beidseitig zur Überströmöffnung 18 zwischen der Kolbenlaufbüchse 16 und der Druckbehälterwand 1" angeordnet und diesem Wärmetauscher 14 auf der Kaltseite KS der "kalte" Regenerator 9 ebenfalls im Zwischenraum 25 der Kolbenlaufbüchse 16 und der Druckbehälterwand 1" vorgeschaltet ist.With reference to FIG. 5, a partition wall 32 provided with through-flow openings, which also divides the
Die Restfreiräume im Zwischenraum 25 sind unter Freihaltung der den Überströmöffnungen 17, 18, 19 zugeordneten Zuströmräumen 26 mit Wärmeisolationsmaterial 27 ausgefüllt, das, entsprechend vorgeformt und formstabil, wie alle anderen Elemente beim Zusammenbau der Maschine einfach in den Druckbehälter 1' eingeschoben wird.The remaining free spaces in the
Ohne die kompakte Bauweise der Maschine zu beeinträchtigen, sind die beiden Kolben 2, 3 mit Kolbenstangen 20, 21 versehen, die gemeinsam in den Raum 70 eingreifen, in dem mit Strom beschaltbare und elastische Steuerelemente für die Kolbenbewegungen angeordnet sind. Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, greifen dabei die Kolbenstangen 20, 21 mit ihren Kolbenstangenenden 20', 21' zwischen zwei dem maximalen Kolbenhub H entsprechend distanzierte E-Magnete 28, 29 ein. Jedes Kolbenstangenende 20', 21' ist dabei zwischen zwei gegen die Wände des Raumes 70 abgestützte Druckfedern 30, 31 eingespannt angeordnet, wobei die Kolbenstange 20 des das heiße Arbeitsvolumen 6 begrenzenden Kolbens 2 die als Rohr ausgebildete Kolbenstange 21 des anderen Kolbens 3 durchgreift, und die Kolbenstangenenden 20', 21' mit zweiarmigen Querauslegern 20", 21" versehen sind, d.h., erst diese Querausleger 20", 21" greifen beim Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils zwischen die E-Magnete 28, 29 und die Druckfedern 30, 31 ein.Without affecting the compact design of the machine, the two
Bei entsprechend programmgesteuerter Bestromung der E-Magnete 28, 29 ist es auf diese Weise möglich, in den Bewegungsvorgang der beiden Kolben 2, 3 einzugreifen, und es können auch gleichzeitig die unvermeidbaren Reibungsverluste in der Maschine kompensiert werden. Um die zuzuführende Steuerungsenergie so niedrig wie möglich zu halten, werden vorteilhaft die notwendigen und steuerbaren E-Magnete 28, 29 mit Permanentmagneten (nicht dargestellt) kombiniert, so daß sich die gesteuerte Bestromung der E-Magnete 28, 29 nur auf die Kolbenstellungen bzw. Bewegungsphasen beschränkt, in denen die Kolben 2, 3 festgehalten werden. Durch diese Ausbildung ist die Maschine wie folgt betreibbar, wobei von einer Mittellage (Warmvolumen 5 = 0) ausgegangen sei (siehe Fig. 7A-J):
Beide Kolben 2, 3 gehen nach oben. Ist die Höchststellung erreicht, wird der obere Kolben 2 festgehalten und der untere Kolben 3 geht nach unten. Hat dieser seine unterste Stellung erreicht, in der dieser festgehalten wird, wird der obere Kolben 2 freigegeben und bewegt sich bis zum unteren Kolben 3, wonach beide Kolben 2, 3 wieder gemeinsam nach oben gehen usw. Wie ohne weiteres vorstellbar, kann man auf diese Weise insofern regelnd in die Kolbenbewegungen eingreifen und damit die Leistung regeln, denn ohne die äußere Wärmezufuhr durch den Brenner 22 ändern zu müssen, kann man die Festhaltedauer der Kolben 2, 3 durch entsprechend gesteuerte Bestromung der E-Magnete 28, 29 ändern.With a correspondingly program-controlled energization of the E-magnets 28, 29, it is possible in this way to intervene in the movement process of the two
Both
Um günstige Druckverhältnisse im warmen Volumen 5 zwischen den beiden Kolben 2, 3 in bezug auf die Bemessung der das heiße Volumen begrenzenden Kolbenfläche zu schaffen, d.h., den "Rest-Stirlingeffekt" zu vergrößern, ist eine Ausbildung dahingehend vorgesehen (siehe Fig. 1 und 5), daß der das heiße Arbeitsvolumen 6 begrenzende Kolben 2 mit einem zentrischen Kolbenfortsatz 40 an seiner das warme Arbeitsvolumen 5 begrenzenden Kolbenfläche 2' versehen ist, der in eine formentsprechende Ausnehmung 41 des anderen Kolbens 3 eingreift, wobei die Kolbenstange 20 am Boden 42 des Kolbenfortsatzes 40 und die Kolbenstange 21 am Boden 43 der Ausnehmung 41 angeordnet sind. Die in Fi. 1, 5 angedeuteten Dichtungen 45 sind nicht zwingend erforderlich, da der Raum 44 im geschlossenen Gehäuse 1 mit untergebracht ist und insoweit überhaupt nichts entgegensteht, daß sich das Betriebsmittel (bspw. Helium) ebenfalls in diesem Raum 44 befindet bzw. in diesen gelangen kann. Der sich ebenfalls bei den Kolbenbewegungen verändernde Raum 44 in der Ausnehmung 41 ist im übrigen zweckmäßig über eine nicht dargestellte Bypass-Leitung mit den gasführenden Räumen verbunden.In order to create favorable pressure ratios in the
Nun seien noch kurz der Brenner 22, die Kolbenlaufbüchse 16 und der Druckbehälter 1' und letzterer insbesondere in Verbindung mit dem Wärmetauscher 15 bzw. dem Raum 70 angesprochen.The
In Anpassung an die konkav gewölbte Abschlußfläche 23 ist der Gasbrenner 22 in Form eines Pilzkopfbrenners ausgebildet, dem, ein mit spiralförmigen Kammern versehener Wärmetauscher 22 (siehe Fig. 4) zugeordnet ist, den einerseits die heißen Abgase durchströmen und andererseits ein Kühlmedium (Heizungswasser) und das Brennstoffluftgemisch für den Brenner, wie dies in Fig. 4 mit entsprechenden Pfeilen verdeutlicht ist.In adaptation to the concavely
Was den Druckbehälter 1' betrifft, so ist beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der den Wärmetauscher 15 tragende Boden 46 in den Druckbehälter 1' eingeschweißt. Es ist aber auch, wie ohne weiteres vorstellbar, möglich, diesen Boden 46 druckdicht anzuflanschen, was den Vorteil hat, die beiden Kolben 2, 3 zusammen mit den Steuerelementen herausziehen und im Bedarfsfall austauschen zu können. Gleiches gilt für die vorzugsweise aus Keramik gebildete Kolbenlaufbüchse 16, zwischen deren unterem Rand 16' und dem Boden 46 ein federnder Ring 47 angeordnet ist.As far as the pressure vessel 1 'is concerned, the
Die in Fig. 6 dargestellte Ausführungsform, die bevorzugt wird und die einen noch wesentlich günstigeren und einfacheren Aufbau hat, arbeitet nach dem gleichen Prinzip wie zu Fig. 7 erläutert. Für diese Ausführungsform sind im wesentlichen und für die wesentlichen Teile die entsprechenden Bezugszeichen benutzt.The embodiment shown in FIG. 6, which is preferred and which has a much cheaper and simpler structure, works on the same principle as explained for FIG. 7. For this embodiment, the corresponding reference symbols are used essentially and for the essential parts.
Diese Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Kolbenlauffläche 16 gemäß Fig. 1 hier als Wärmetauschwand 16' zwischen den Wärmeträgermedien und der Gasseite ausgebildet und mit dieser Wand 16' im Bereich des Kolbens 3 der kalten Seite gasseitig einerseits den Regenerator 9 einschließt und andererseits die die Wärmeträgermedien führenden Räume 50, 50' voneinander trennt. Dabei ist die Wand 16' beim Ausführungsbeispiel mit schraubenlinienförmig verlaufenden, zur Druchbehälterwand 1" ausgeprägten Gängen 51 versehen.This embodiment is characterized in that the
Die ganze relativ aufwendige Anordnung des Wärmetauschers 15 gemäß Fig. 1 unterhalb des Kolbens 3 entfällt hierbei, da dieser nunmehr die untere Hälfte des auf der kalten Seite KS arbeitenden Kolbens 3 umfaßt. Nach unten zum in Fig. 6 im Querschnitt dargestellten Raum 70 hin ist lediglich die Wärmeisolation 27 anzuordnen. Die Arbeitsvolumina für die Gasseite sind auch hier mit 6, 7 bezeichnet, zwischen denen und dem Arbeitsraum 5 das Gas längs der zwischen den Kolben 2, 3 und der Wärmetauschwand 16' gegebenen Spalten entsprechend der Kolbenbewegungen hin und her strömt bzw. gepumt wird.The entire relatively complex arrangement of the
Der Regenerator 8 ist beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 6 im Kolben 2 ebenfalls mit integriert. Es ist aber auch möglich, statt der oberen Wärmeisolation 27 dort den Regenerator 8 stationär anzuordnen.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the
Statt für die Kolbensteuerung Steuerelemente, wie zu Fig. 1-3 erläutert, zu benutzen, wobei im übrigen die Feder (in Fig. 1 auf der rechten Seite) für den "kalten" Kolben 3 eine sogenannte negative Federcharakteristik haben sollte, kämen auch, wie in Fig. 6 unten angedeutet, im Raum 70 mechanische Steuerelemente bspw. in Form eines Nockentriebes in Frage, was auch für die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 der Maschine gilt.Instead of using control elements for the piston control, as explained in relation to FIGS. 1-3, the rest of the spring (in FIG. 1 on the right side) for the “cold”
Claims (23)
- Externally heated regenerative heat and cold generating machine working according to the Vuilleumier cyclic process, consisting of a pressure-tight housing (1) with forward-flow and return-flow connections (10 to 13) for two heat exchange circuits and with two pistons (2, 3) which are movable linearly and coaxially therein and jointly delimit a hot working volume (5) and of which one piston (2) delimits, in the housing (1), a hot working volume (6) subjected to heat externally by means of a burner (22) and the other piston (3) delimits a cold working volume (7), the three variable working volumes (5, 6, 7) being connected to one another, with regenerators and heat exchangers interposed, and there being arranged in the housing (1) a control gear (S) for the pistons (2, 3), all the regenerators (8, 9) and heat exchangers (14, 15) and a piston sleeve (16) with overflow orifices (17, 18, 19) leading to the working volumes (5, 6, 7), characterized in that the housing (1) is designed as a tubular pressure vessel (1') accessible only from the piston gear side and closable in a pressure-tight manner there, and in that, in the pressure vessel (1'), the heat exchanger (15) for one heat exchange medium delimits, on the one hand, the cold working volume (7) and, on the other hand, a space (70), in which the control gear (S) operatively connected to the pistons (2, 3) is arranged.
- Machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the two pistons (2, 3) are provided with piston rods (20, 21) which jointly engage into the space (70), in which current-connectable and elastic control elements for the piston movements are arranged.
- Machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the "hot" regenerator (8) is arranged so as to be integrated into the first piston (2), and the latter delimits the hot working volume (6) essentially on the piston side.
- Machine according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a burner-side closing wall (23) of the pressure vessel (1') is provided at its circumferential edge with an annular cooling duct (24).
- Machine according to Claim 4, characterized in that the closing wall (23) is curved concavely, as seen from outside, and the first piston (2) having the integrated regenerator (8) is designed to be adapted correspondingly to this curved shape of the closing wall (23).
- Machine according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger (15) delimiting the space (70) is likewise curved concavely towards the other piston (3), as seen from outside, and the other piston (3) is designed to be curved correspondingly on the side of the cold working volume (7).
- Machine according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heat exchanger (14) connectable to a heating circuit is arranged on both sides of the overflow orifice (18) between the piston sleeve (16) and the pressure vessel wall (1"), and this heat exchanger (14) is preceded, on the cold side (KS), by the "cold" regenerator (9) likewise in the interspace (25) of the piston sleeve (16) and the pressure vessel wall (1").
- Machine according to Claim 7, characterized in that the remaining interspace (25) is filled with heat-insulating material (27), with inflow spaces (26) assigned to the overflow orifices (17, 18, 19) being kept free.
- Machine according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the burner (22) is designed as a mushroom burner adapted essentially to the concave curvature of the closing wall (23).
- Machine according to Claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the burner (22) is assigned a heat exchanger (22') for preheating the burner air.
- Machine according to Claim 2, characterized in that the piston rods (20, 21) engage with their piston-rod ends (20', 21') between two electromagnets (28, 29) spaced according to the maximum piston stroke (H), and each piston-rod end (20', 21') is arranged so as to be clamped between two compression springs (30, 31) supported against the walls of the space (70), the piston rod (20) of the piston (2) which delimits the hot working volume (6) passing through the tubular piston rod (21) of the other piston (3), and the piston-rod ends (20', 21') being provided with two-armed transverse jibs (20", 21") which in each case engage between electromagnets (28, 29) and compression springs (30, 31).
- Machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the piston (2) delimiting the hot working volume (6) is provided, on its piston face (2') delimiting the hot working volume (5), with a central piston extension (40) which engages into a correspondingly shaped recess (41) of the other piston (3), one piston rod (20) being arranged on the bottom (42) of the piston extension (40) and one piston rod (21) being arranged on the bottom (43) of the recess (41).
- Machine according to Claim 12, characterized in that the space (44) delimited by the piston extension (40) and the recess (41) is connected via a bypass conduit to the machine interior carrying fuel gas.
- Machine according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that there is arranged centrally and stationarily in the hot working volume (5), between the pistons (2, 3), a partition (32) which is provided with throughflow orifices and also divides the inflow space (25) between the two parts of the heat exchanger (14) and in the throughflow orifices of which additional regenerators (33) are arranged.
- Machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that the curvature of the heat exchanger (15) is smaller, at least in the circumferential edge regions, than that of that face of the piston (3) which faces the said heat exchanger.
- Machine according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the piston sleeve (16), preferably formed from ceramic, is mounted elastically in the axial direction on the cold side (KS) of the pressure vessel (I').
- Machine according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the heat exchanger (15) is arranged on the pressure vessel (I') in a pressure-tight manner, not releasably.
- Externally heated regenerative heat and cold generating machine working according to the Vuilleumier cyclic process, consisting of a pressure-tight housing (1) with forward-flow and return-flow connections (10 to 13) for two heat exchange circuits and with two pistons (2, 3) which are movable linearly and coaxially therein and jointly delimit a hot working volume (5) and of which one piston (2) delimits, in the housing (1), a hot working volume (6) subjected to heat externally by means of a burner (22) and the other piston (3) delimits a cold working volume (7), the three variable working volumes (5, 6, 7) being connected to one another, with regenerators and heat exchangers interposed, and there being arranged in the housing (1) a control gear (S) for the pistons (2, 3), all the regenerators (8, 9) and heat exchangers and a piston sleeve (16) with overflow orifices (17, 18, 19) leading to the working volumes (5, 6, 7), characterized in that the housing (1) is designed as a tubular pressure vessel (1') accessible only from the piston gear side and closable in a pressure-tight manner there, and in that the piston sleeve (16) is designed as a heat exchange wall (16') between the heat exchange media and the gas side, and both the hot side (WS) and the cold side (KS) of the machine are covered by this wall (16'), the wall (16'), in the region of the piston (3) of the cold side, on the one hand enclosing the regenerator (9) on the gas side and, on the other hand, separating from one another the spaces (50, 50) carrying the heat exchange media, and gaps for the throughflow of the working gas and of the heat exchange media being formed in the piston sleeve (16) designed as a heat exchange wall (16'), and in that a space (70), in which the control gear (S) operatively connected to the pistons (2, 3) is arranged, delimits the cold working volume (7).
- Machine according to Claim 18, characterized in that the wall (16') is provided with helically extending passageways (51) embossed relative to the pressure vessel wall (1").
- Machine according to Claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the regenerator (8) is arranged in the first piston (2) or stationarily, on the gas side, within the upwardly extended heat exchange wall (16').
- Machine according to Claim 18, characterized in that the two pistons (2, 3) are provided with piston rods (20, 21) which jointly engage into the space (70), in which current-connectable and elastic control elements for the piston movement are arranged.
- Machine according to Claim 21, characterized in that a burner-side closing wall (23) of the pressure vessel (1') is provided at its circumferential edge with an annular cooling duct (24).
- Machine according to Claims 20 and 22, characterized in that the closing wall (23) is curved concavely, as seen from outside, and the piston (2) having the integrated regenerator (8) is designed to be adapted correspondingly to this curved shape of the closing wall (23).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4206957A DE4206957A1 (en) | 1992-03-05 | 1992-03-05 | EXTERNALLY HEATED, REGENERATIVE, HEATING AND REFRIGERATING MACHINE WORKING AFTER THE VUILLEUMIER CIRCUIT |
DE4206957 | 1992-03-05 | ||
PCT/DE1993/000192 WO1993018354A1 (en) | 1992-03-05 | 1993-03-05 | Externally heated, regenerative heating and refrigerating machine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0585430A1 EP0585430A1 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
EP0585430B1 true EP0585430B1 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
Family
ID=6453299
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP93905156A Expired - Lifetime EP0585430B1 (en) | 1992-03-05 | 1993-03-05 | Externally heated, regenerative heating and refrigerating machine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0585430B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE155228T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4206957A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993018354A1 (en) |
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US9677794B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2017-06-13 | Thermolift, Inc. | Heat pump with electromechanically-actuated displacers |
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DE4328993C2 (en) * | 1993-08-28 | 1995-11-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Machine for heating and / or cooling |
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DE4401247C2 (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1998-10-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Heat exchanger |
DE19516499A1 (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1996-12-05 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Processes for exhaust gas heat use in heating and cooling machines |
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-
1992
- 1992-03-05 DE DE4206957A patent/DE4206957A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1993
- 1993-03-05 WO PCT/DE1993/000192 patent/WO1993018354A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-03-05 EP EP93905156A patent/EP0585430B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-05 AT AT93905156T patent/ATE155228T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-05 DE DE59306864T patent/DE59306864D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9677794B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2017-06-13 | Thermolift, Inc. | Heat pump with electromechanically-actuated displacers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59306864D1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
ATE155228T1 (en) | 1997-07-15 |
WO1993018354A1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
EP0585430A1 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
DE4206957A1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
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