EP0584020B1 - Method of producing an assembly made of two glued pieces, the method including a forming step - Google Patents
Method of producing an assembly made of two glued pieces, the method including a forming step Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0584020B1 EP0584020B1 EP93402071A EP93402071A EP0584020B1 EP 0584020 B1 EP0584020 B1 EP 0584020B1 EP 93402071 A EP93402071 A EP 93402071A EP 93402071 A EP93402071 A EP 93402071A EP 0584020 B1 EP0584020 B1 EP 0584020B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pieces
- punch
- die
- adhesive layer
- producing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
- B21D26/055—Blanks having super-plastic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/03—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal otherwise than by folding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1025—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina to form undulated to corrugated sheet and securing to base with parts of shaped areas out of contact
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing assemblies composed of two glued parts and which further comprises a forming step.
- the method used until now by the applicant company consisted of hot forming and separately the parts making up the assembly, in a so-called superplastic deformation regime where large elongations are possible.
- the two pieces were then glued by interposing a layer of epoxy between their contacting surfaces. For this they were placed in an autoclave enclosure where pressure was applied to the parts to press them as well as a temperature sufficient to transform the epoxy layer and allow this material to become sticky.
- this method was not very advantageous when the assembly was a stiffened panel of hollow ribs produced by the forming of one of the parts, because the pressure necessary for bonding tended to crush them.
- the cavities of the ribs therefore had to be filled by hand with a crush-resistant material such as a honeycomb structure.
- French Patent 2,374,109 describes the pressing of a coating on an airplane wing using balloons filled with air to bring it to the desired shape, followed by disassembly and the application of a adhesive layer, after which the assembly can be carried out.
- This process requires many manual interventions and in general the interposition of an intermediate layer at the time of forming to avoid any sticking and form the right shape. It is designed for large parts in small series.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing assemblies composed of two glued parts, characterized in that it consists in placing the parts on two elements, punch and press die, in placing an adhesive layer on surfaces of at least one of the pieces facing the other of the pieces, to form at least one of the pieces by pressurizing between the punch and die to force the material of said piece into unpressurized cavities of the punch on which it is placed , the die and the punch being kept apart during forming and pressing the parts one on the other by approaching the punch and die.
- the assemblies are thus carried out almost without manual intervention and without changing tools.
- the parts will frequently be hot formed, at a temperature creating a more or less pronounced superplasticity regime, as required, that is to say according to the extent of the deformations required.
- the part to be obtained is an engine hood element in the form of a cylinder or cone portion.
- the sheets have been degreased and pickled beforehand and surfaces of each sheet 1 and 3 have been applied to the portions to be bonded (that is to say to the portions which do not come opposite grooves 5) a thin sub-layer of bonding material 6 (a few microns thick is sufficient) with a spray gun then a layer of adhesive material 7 (a few tens of microns thick).
- the bonding material can be a thermosetting material or a thermostable material of the polyimide type and the adhesive material can be a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or more generally a thermoplastic material.
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- the first step consists in obtaining the hot forming or forging of the sheets, here only of the lower sheet 3.
- the elements 2 and 4 are kept apart by spacers 8 which keep the upper die 2 raised.
- the spacers 8 consist of shims which can be placed on the same table T as the lower punch 4 and extend along the joint lines.
- the elements 2 and 4 are enclosed in a sealed enclosure E which is then subjected to sufficient pressure so that the material of the sheets 1 and 3 which is not supported by the surface of the elements 2 and 4 is deformed: the ribs 9 produced by the plastic or superplastic flow of the metal from the internal sheet 3 at the bottom of the grooves 5 are thus formed as seen in FIG. 2.
- the side faces, not shown, of the elements 2 and 4 are covered by panels carrying a plane seal which makes it possible to isolate the volumes of the grooves 5, between the lower sheet 3 and the lower punch 4, and thus do not not pressurize them.
- the communication between the volume between the sheets 3 and 1 and the pressurized volume of the enclosure E is re-established by a conduit C pierced in a spacer 8.
- the whole is heated to allow sufficient plastic deformation.
- a temperature of 350 to 400 ° C may suffice with an effective pressure of 0.6 to 1.5 bars in a specific case.
- Relatively low temperatures are sufficient when the required deformations are rather small, as is the case here, and it is unnecessary to heat at the regime of the highest superplasticity.
- the adhesive layer 7 and the bonding sublayer 6 are not destroyed by heating, but this condition depends on the materials which constitute them and it is possible to satisfy them quite easily in practice.
- the bonding sublayer 6 can moreover often be omitted.
- the next step begins with the removal of the spacers 8 so that the upper matrix 2 falls on the lower punch 4 and that the glued surfaces of the sheets 1 and 3 come into contact.
- the heating and the pressure are brought to sufficient values so that the material of the layer 7 becomes adhesive and that the sheets 1 and 3 are pressed sufficiently firmly one on the other by the pressure which is exerted on the outside of elements 2 and 4.
- Temperatures from 380 to 420 ° C and pressures from 1 to 5 bars lead to satisfactory results in the present example.
- the side panels can be omitted in this second step.
- the tools and the parts are then allowed to cool and the assembly is removed from the mold, in which the sheets 1 and 2 now form a stiffened panel, shown in FIG. 3, which has sufficient strength to the glued joint.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Description
L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'assemblages composés de deux pièces collées et qui comprend en outre une étape de formage.The invention relates to a method of manufacturing assemblies composed of two glued parts and which further comprises a forming step.
Elle a pour but essentiel de permettre de procéder très commodément et en particulier de ne pas démonter les pièces avant l'obtention de l'assemblage fini.Its main purpose is to allow to proceed very conveniently and in particular not to disassemble the parts before obtaining the finished assembly.
Le procédé utilisé jusqu'à présent par la société demanderesse consistait à former à chaud et séparément les pièces composant l'assemblage, dans un régime de déformation dit superplastique où de grands allongements sont possibles. Les deux pièces étaient ensuite collées en interposant une couche d'époxyde entre leurs surfaces en contact. Pour cela elles étaient placées dans une enceinte autoclave où une pression était appliquée sur les pièces pour les presser ainsi qu'une température suffisante pour transformer la couche d'époxyde et permettre à ce matériau de devenir collant.The method used until now by the applicant company consisted of hot forming and separately the parts making up the assembly, in a so-called superplastic deformation regime where large elongations are possible. The two pieces were then glued by interposing a layer of epoxy between their contacting surfaces. For this they were placed in an autoclave enclosure where pressure was applied to the parts to press them as well as a temperature sufficient to transform the epoxy layer and allow this material to become sticky.
Outre l'inconvénient de voir utiliser des appareils successifs, ce procédé était peu avantageux quand l'assemblage était un panneau raidi de nervures creuses produites par le formage d'une des pièces, car la pression nécessaire au collage tendait à les écraser. Les cavités des nervures devaient donc être remplies à la main d'un matériau résistant à l'écrasement tel qu'une structure en nid d'abeilles.In addition to the drawback of using successive devices, this method was not very advantageous when the assembly was a stiffened panel of hollow ribs produced by the forming of one of the parts, because the pressure necessary for bonding tended to crush them. The cavities of the ribs therefore had to be filled by hand with a crush-resistant material such as a honeycomb structure.
Une autre technique d'assemblage de deux pièces par pressage évite l'emploi d'adhésif et consiste à réaliser par pressage une diffusion de la matière aux surfaces d'assemblage des pièces. On peut se reporter aux brevets français 2 304 438 et 2 552 500 pour l'exposé de ces techniques. Dans tous les exemples connus de la demanderesse, l'assemblage précède le formage de l'ensemble, et de plus le soudage par diffusion est inapplicable aux alliages d'aluminium qui constituent une application importante de l'invention.Another technique of assembling two parts by pressing avoids the use of adhesive and consists in carrying out by diffusion a diffusion of the material to the assembly surfaces of the parts. Reference may be made to French patents 2,304,438 and 2,552,500 for an explanation of these techniques. In all the examples known to the applicant, the assembly precedes the forming of the assembly, and moreover diffusion welding is inapplicable to the aluminum alloys which constitute an important application of the invention.
Enfin, le brevet français 2 374 109 décrit le pressage d'un revêtement sur une aile d'avion au moyen de ballons remplis d'air pour le mettre à la forme voulue, suivi d'un démontage et de l'application d'une couche adhésive, après quoi on peut réaliser l'assemblage.Finally, French Patent 2,374,109 describes the pressing of a coating on an airplane wing using balloons filled with air to bring it to the desired shape, followed by disassembly and the application of a adhesive layer, after which the assembly can be carried out.
Ce procédé nécessite de nombreuses interventions manuelles et en général l'interposition d'une couche intermédiaire au moment du formage pour éviter tout collage et former à la bonne forme. Il est conçu pour de grandes pièces en séries peu nombreuses.This process requires many manual interventions and in general the interposition of an intermediate layer at the time of forming to avoid any sticking and form the right shape. It is designed for large parts in small series.
L'invention est quant à elle relative à un procédé de fabrication d'assemblages composés de deux pièces collées, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à placer les pièces sur deux éléments, poinçon et matrice de presse, à placer une couche adhésive sur des surfaces d'au moins une des pièces faisant face à l'autre des pièces, à former au moins une des pièces en pressurisant entre les poinçon et matrice pour forcer la matière de ladite pièce dans des cavités non pressurisées du poinçon sur lequel elle est placée, la matrice et le poinçon étant maintenus écartés au cours du formage et à presser les pièces l'une sur l'autre en approchant les poinçon et matrice. Les assemblages sont ainsi réalisés presque sans intervention manuelle et sans changement d'outillage. Les pièces seront fréquemment formées à chaud, à une température créant un régime de superplasticité plus ou moins prononcé, selon les besoins, c'est-à-dire selon l'importance des déformations exigées.The invention relates to a method of manufacturing assemblies composed of two glued parts, characterized in that it consists in placing the parts on two elements, punch and press die, in placing an adhesive layer on surfaces of at least one of the pieces facing the other of the pieces, to form at least one of the pieces by pressurizing between the punch and die to force the material of said piece into unpressurized cavities of the punch on which it is placed , the die and the punch being kept apart during forming and pressing the parts one on the other by approaching the punch and die. The assemblies are thus carried out almost without manual intervention and without changing tools. The parts will frequently be hot formed, at a temperature creating a more or less pronounced superplasticity regime, as required, that is to say according to the extent of the deformations required.
On va maintenant décrire l'invention plus en détail à l'aide des figures suivantes annexées à titre illustratif :
- les figures 1 et 2 représentent un exemple de mise en oeuvre du procédé,
- et la figure 3 représente le produit obtenu par le procédé.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 represent an example of implementation of the method,
- and Figure 3 shows the product obtained by the process.
La pièce à obtenir est un élément de capot de moteur en forme de portion de cylindre ou de cône. On dispose une tôle extérieure 1 d'aluminium sur une surface concave de même forme d'une matrice supérieure 2 et une tôle intérieure 3 de même nature sur la surface convexe d'un poinçon inférieur 4 qui présente cependant des cannelures 5 en forme de nervures à former sur la tôle inférieure 3. Les tôles ont été préalablement dégraissées et décapées et on a appliqué sur les portions à coller des surfaces de chaque tôle 1 et 3 (c'est-à-dire sur les portions qui ne viennent pas en face des cannelures 5) une mince sous-couche de matériau d'accrochage 6 (quelques microns d'épaisseur suffisent) au pistolet puis une couche de matériau adhésif 7 (de quelques dizaines de microns d'épaisseur). Le matériau d'accrochage peut être un matériau thermodurcissable ou un matériau thermostable du type polyimide et le matériau adhésif peut être un polyétherétherkétone (PEEK) ou plus généralement un matériau thermoplastique. Un procédé simple pour éviter de recouvrir certaines parties des tôles 1 et 3 consiste à masquer ces parties par des feuilles souples qui sont ensuite retirées.The part to be obtained is an engine hood element in the form of a cylinder or cone portion. There is an outer sheet 1 of aluminum on a concave surface of the same shape of an
La première étape consiste à obtenir le formage ou forgeage à chaud des tôles, ici uniquement de la tôle inférieure 3. Les éléments 2 et 4 sont maintenus écartés par des espaceurs 8 qui maintiennent la matrice supérieure 2 surélevée. Les espaceurs 8 consistent en des cales qui peuvent être posées sur la même table T que le poinçon inférieur 4 et s'étendent le long des lignes de joint.The first step consists in obtaining the hot forming or forging of the sheets, here only of the
Les éléments 2 et 4 sont enfermés dans une enceinte étanche E qui est alors soumise à une pression suffisante pour que la matière des tôles 1 et 3 qui n'est pas soutenue par la surface des éléments 2 et 4 se déforme : les nervures 9 produites par l'écoulement plastique ou superplastique du métal de la tôle interne 3 au fond des cannelures 5 sont ainsi formées comme on le voit sur la figure 2.The
Les faces latérales non représentées des éléments 2 et 4 sont recouvertes par des panneaux porteurs d'un joint d'étanchéité plan qui permet d'isoler les volumes des cannelures 5, entre la tôle inférieure 3 et le poinçon inférieur 4, et ainsi de ne pas les pressuriser. La communication entre le volume entre les tôles 3 et 1 et le volume pressurisé de l'enceinte E est rétablie par un conduit C percé dans un espaceur 8.The side faces, not shown, of the
L'ensemble est chauffé pour permettre des déformations plastiques suffisantes. Une température de 350 à 400°C peut suffire avec une pression effective de 0,6 à 1,5 bars dans un cas concret. Des températures relativement peu élevées suffisent quand les déformations exigées sont plutôt faibles, comme c'est le cas ici, et qu'il est inutile de chauffer au régime de la plus forte superplasticité. Il faut bien entendu que la couche adhésive 7 et la sous-couche d'accrochage 6 ne soient pas détruites par l'échauffement, mais cette condition dépend des matériaux qui les constituent et il est possible d'y satisfaire assez facilement en pratique. La sous-couche d'accrochage 6 peut d'ailleurs souvent être omise.The whole is heated to allow sufficient plastic deformation. A temperature of 350 to 400 ° C may suffice with an effective pressure of 0.6 to 1.5 bars in a specific case. Relatively low temperatures are sufficient when the required deformations are rather small, as is the case here, and it is unnecessary to heat at the regime of the highest superplasticity. It should be understood that the adhesive layer 7 and the
L'étape suivante commence par le retrait des espaceurs 8 de sorte que la matrice supérieure 2 tombe sur le poinçon inférieur 4 et que les surfaces encollées des tôles 1 et 3 viennent en contact. L'échauffement et la pression sont portés à des valeurs suffisantes pour que le matériau de la couche 7 devienne adhésif et que les tôles 1 et 3 soient pressées suffisamment fermement l'une sur l'autre par la pression qui s'exerce à l'extérieur des éléments 2 et 4. Des températures de 380 à 420°C et des pressions de 1 à 5 bars conduisent à des résultats satisfaisants dans le présent exemple. Les panneaux latéraux peuvent être omis dans cette seconde étape. On laisse ensuite refroidir l'outillage et les pièces et on démoule l'assemblage, dans lequel les tôles 1 et 2 forment désormais un panneau raidi, représenté à la figure 3, qui présente une solidité suffisante au joint collé.The next step begins with the removal of the
On constate qu'aucune manipulation n'est nécessaire au cours du procéde à l'exception du retrait des espaceurs 8, et que les seules autres interventions consistent à modifier les conditions de température et de pression dans l'enceinte.It is noted that no manipulation is necessary during the process except for the removal of the
Quelques exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention sont encore donnés succinctement ci-dessous pour illustrer des régimes de superplasticité :
- pour l'alliage TA6V : chauffer à 925°C et appliquer une pression de 20 bars pour obtenir des allongements de 1000% ;
- pour l'alliage AZ5GU : chauffer à 510°C et appliquer une pression de 5 bars sur une face de la plaque et une contre-pression de 40 bars sur la face opposée pour obtenir des allongements de 1000% : cette réalisation impose donc deux sources de pression distinctes ;
- pour l'alliage Inconel 718 : chauffer à 985°C et appliquer une pression de 20 bars pour obtenir des allongements de 500%.
- for TA6V alloy: heat to 925 ° C and apply a pressure of 20 bars to obtain elongations of 1000%;
- for AZ5GU alloy: heat to 510 ° C and apply a pressure of 5 bars on one side of the plate and a back pressure of 40 bars on the opposite side to obtain elongations of 1000%: this realization therefore requires two sources separate pressures;
- for the Inconel 718 alloy: heat to 985 ° C and apply a pressure of 20 bars to obtain elongations of 500%.
Claims (6)
- Method of producing assemblies composed of two adhesively bonded pieces (1, 3), characterized in that it consists in placing the pieces (1, 3) on two press elements: a punch and a die (4, 2), in placing an adhesive layer (7) on surfaces of at least one of the pieces (1, 3) facing the other of the pieces (1, 3), in forming at least one of the pieces (1, 3) by applying pressure between the punch (4) and the die (2), in order to force the material of the said piece (3) into unpressurized cavities (5) in the punch (4) on which the said piece (3) is placed, the die (2) and the punch (4) being held apart during the forming operation, and in pressing the pieces (1, 3) against each other by bringing the punch (4) and the die (2) together.
- Method of producing assemblies according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pieces (1, 3) are formed hot, at a temperature creating a superplasticity regime.
- Method of producing assemblies according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pieces (1, 3) are metal sheets and in that the assembly is a stiffened panel.
- Production method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pieces (1, 3) are made of aluminium alloy.
- Method of producing assemblies according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the adhesive layer (7) is a thermoplastic.
- Method of producing assemblies according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the surfaces receiving the adhesive layer (7) also receive a key-forming sublayer (6) for the adhesive layer (7).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9210123A FR2694900B1 (en) | 1992-08-19 | 1992-08-19 | Method of manufacturing assemblies composed of two glued parts and comprising a forming step. |
FR9210123 | 1992-08-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0584020A1 EP0584020A1 (en) | 1994-02-23 |
EP0584020B1 true EP0584020B1 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
Family
ID=9432930
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93402071A Expired - Lifetime EP0584020B1 (en) | 1992-08-19 | 1993-08-18 | Method of producing an assembly made of two glued pieces, the method including a forming step |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5399215A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0584020B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9305608A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2104315C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69301293T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2082612T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2694900B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3019350T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2086337C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994004293A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4340587C1 (en) * | 1993-11-29 | 1995-05-18 | Schultz Gmbh Aurora | Heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning device for vehicles |
US6102927A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-08-15 | Wright; George A. | Blood lancet and method of manufacture |
US7431196B2 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2008-10-07 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for forming complex contour structural assemblies |
US11993388B2 (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2024-05-28 | Rohr, Inc. | Corrugated stiffening devices utilizing peaks and valleys and methods of manufacture |
US11780179B2 (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2023-10-10 | Rohr, Inc. | Thermoplastic composite panel with corrugated peaks and troughs stiffening systems and methods |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2371847A (en) * | 1942-12-18 | 1945-03-20 | Chrysler Corp | Apparatus and method for bonding composite articles |
US2670501A (en) * | 1951-08-24 | 1954-03-02 | Us Rubber Co | Method of forming plastic material |
NL275557A (en) * | 1957-12-23 | |||
US3124807A (en) * | 1962-01-19 | 1964-03-17 | Method of making three-dimensional | |
FR1524550A (en) * | 1967-05-23 | 1968-05-10 | Olin Mathieson | Method of assembling metal sheets to form more particularly a hollow article or panel |
US3950204A (en) * | 1972-09-29 | 1976-04-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Low pressure, thin film bonding |
US3935358A (en) * | 1973-03-29 | 1976-01-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Process for preparing a hollow, rib-reinforced laminated structure |
GB1495655A (en) * | 1975-03-20 | 1977-12-21 | Rockwell International Corp | Method for making metallic structures from two or more selectively bonded sheets |
GB1593378A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1981-07-15 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Aircraft surface structure |
US4192701A (en) * | 1977-07-14 | 1980-03-11 | Brushaber Larry R | Double wall plastic article and method and apparatus for forming a double wall plastic article with a pair of thermoplastic sheets |
DE3029058A1 (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1982-02-18 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | METHOD FOR PRODUCING DEEP DRAWING PARTS, IN PARTICULAR FOR BODIES OF MOTOR VEHICLES |
US4457797A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1984-07-03 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Process for thermoforming reinforced polymer sheets |
DE3243713C2 (en) * | 1982-11-26 | 1985-05-15 | Fr. Kammerer GmbH, 7530 Pforzheim | Flat heat exchanger plate and process for their manufacture |
IT1176673B (en) * | 1983-09-23 | 1987-08-18 | Gen Electric | QUARRY SHOVEL FOR TURBOMACHINE |
GB8901742D0 (en) * | 1989-01-26 | 1989-03-15 | British Aerospace | Adhesive bonding of structures |
-
1992
- 1992-08-19 FR FR9210123A patent/FR2694900B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-08-17 US US08/107,370 patent/US5399215A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-18 WO PCT/FR1993/000813 patent/WO1994004293A1/en unknown
- 1993-08-18 BR BR9305608A patent/BR9305608A/en active Search and Examination
- 1993-08-18 CA CA002104315A patent/CA2104315C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-18 ES ES93402071T patent/ES2082612T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-18 RU RU9394021069A patent/RU2086337C1/en active
- 1993-08-18 DE DE69301293T patent/DE69301293T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-18 EP EP93402071A patent/EP0584020B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-03-19 GR GR960400745T patent/GR3019350T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69301293D1 (en) | 1996-02-22 |
ES2082612T3 (en) | 1996-03-16 |
GR3019350T3 (en) | 1996-06-30 |
WO1994004293A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
CA2104315A1 (en) | 1994-02-20 |
DE69301293T2 (en) | 1996-08-01 |
FR2694900A1 (en) | 1994-02-25 |
US5399215A (en) | 1995-03-21 |
CA2104315C (en) | 2002-05-07 |
FR2694900B1 (en) | 1994-10-21 |
EP0584020A1 (en) | 1994-02-23 |
BR9305608A (en) | 1994-12-13 |
RU2086337C1 (en) | 1997-08-10 |
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