EP0581156B1 - Hydraulic directional control valve of piston slide valve construction - Google Patents

Hydraulic directional control valve of piston slide valve construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0581156B1
EP0581156B1 EP93111507A EP93111507A EP0581156B1 EP 0581156 B1 EP0581156 B1 EP 0581156B1 EP 93111507 A EP93111507 A EP 93111507A EP 93111507 A EP93111507 A EP 93111507A EP 0581156 B1 EP0581156 B1 EP 0581156B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control
piston
control valve
hydraulic directional
notch
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EP93111507A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0581156A2 (en
EP0581156A3 (en
Inventor
Eckard Schuttenberg
Berthold Dipl.-Ing. Pfuhl (Fh)
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B13/0402Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for linearly sliding valves, e.g. spool valves

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a hydraulic directional control valve in the spool design according to the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Generic directional valves have become known from DB 27 17 384 C2 and DE-GM 88 01 058. These hydraulic directional control valves are so-called continuous valves, in which the valve can be precisely controlled by the fact that the control edges have essentially triangular control notches, which, based on the cross-section of the control surfaces, usually have the spatial shape of a half-cone, a half-pyramid or a similar shape exhibit. With such control notches, which extend over the full stroke range of the longitudinal slide, fine control of the valve can be achieved with the desired accuracy. With such geometries of the control notches, a square course of the volume flow over the stroke can be achieved especially in the area of small opening cross sections and thus in the area of small pressure medium flows.
  • the disadvantage with these control notches is that with increasing volume flow the influence of the losses in the valve housing is getting bigger and as a result the characteristic curve flattens out.
  • the characteristic curve of the volumetric flow therefore mostly changes into a straight section in the middle setpoint ranges and, when the directional control valve is fully actuated, can have a degressive end section, in which the slope decreases.
  • Such a characteristic curve is particularly unfavorable for braking operations involving large masses, where braking is usually to be carried out first quickly and then slowly.
  • it is undesirable that the drift that usually occurs in such valves leads to larger relative errors with smaller setpoint values.
  • the hydraulic directional control valve according to the invention in piston spool construction with the characterizing features of the main claim has in contrast the advantage that it gives a quadratic function for the volume flow over the entire stroke range.
  • the influence of the housing losses can be compensated for in such a way that the volume flow characteristic curve has a steadily increasing, essentially square course in the range from 0 to 100% of the setpoint.
  • the quadratic volume flow curve is particularly advantageous for the control of large masses, particularly when accelerating and braking them. Due to the steadily increasing volume flow characteristic, the directional control valve can be used in connection with a simpler control electronics.
  • the geometry of the control notches allows particularly precise and sensitive control with small pressure medium flows.
  • Another advantage of the directional control valve is that the drift that usually occurs with such valves in the area of small modulation has less influence. It is also favorable that the control notches have no discontinuities, as is the case with composite notch shapes at the transition of the notch shapes. In addition, the control slide can be produced relatively easily and inexpensively with these control notches.
  • FIG. 1 shows a generic hydraulic directional valve in a simplified representation
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of the longitudinal slide according to the invention with part of the adjacent control chambers fixed to the housing
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the longitudinal slide according to FIG. 2 and FIG Stroke for the directional valve according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 the so-called main stage of a hydraulic continuous directional control valve 10 is shown with directional control in the spool design, which can be controlled by a pilot control, not shown.
  • the directional control valve 10 has a housing 11 in which a longitudinal slide 12 is guided in a sealing and sliding manner.
  • the longitudinal slide 12 is held in its central position by two centering springs 13 supported on the housing 11, pressure spaces 14 for receiving the centering springs 13 being formed in the housing 11 at the opposite ends of the longitudinal slide 12.
  • the pressure chambers 14 have bores 15, which each establish a connection to the hydraulic pilot control, not shown.
  • An axial slide bore 16 for the longitudinal slide 12 is formed in the housing 11 of the directional control valve 10.
  • the longitudinal slide 12 has 3 circumferential recesses 17 which are arranged at a distance from one another, so that there are two piston sections 18 with the full piston cross section between them.
  • the recesses 17 comprise an annular piston core 19, so that there are radially protruding front control surfaces 21 on the piston sections 18 from the piston core 19, the outer edge of which, as a control edge 22, slides sealingly on the inner surface of the axial slide bore 16.
  • the control edges 22 have triangular recesses 23, several of which are arranged at a distance from one another in the course of the control edge 22 surrounding the piston section 18.
  • the cutouts 22 have a substantially semi-conical shape which is known per se in the direction of the piston core.
  • the longitudinal slide 12 is surrounded by control chambers 24 formed in the housing 11 and annularly surrounding the longitudinal slide 12, which are connected via connection bores 25 to 28 to units, such as tank, pump, consumer, which are located outside the directional control valve and are therefore not shown.
  • 25 are the connection to the tank, 26 to the connection to the pump and 27 and 28 each to a connection to a consumer.
  • housing webs 29 are arranged, which cooperate with the control edges 22 of the longitudinal slide 12 during its axial movement.
  • the two external control chambers 24 are connected to one another via a control channel 31 and thus also to the connection bore 25 to the tank.
  • control notches 32 are now arranged instead of the recesses 23 according to FIG The shape and design of Figure 2 in connection with Figure 3 can be seen.
  • the control notches 32 for the 4-way valve are in principle identical to one another, so that a single control notch 32 is described below.
  • the control notch 32 has a triangular shape at the beginning of the notch.
  • control notch 32 has a base surface 34, which extends between the lateral surface 33 of the piston section 18 and the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal slide 12, and which has a diameter which is slightly larger than the diameter of the piston core 19.
  • the base surface 34 also has a triangular shape , the legs of which open toward the front control surface 21 and remain essentially in the region of an acute angle.
  • side walls 35 extend outwards to the outer surface 33, wherein the control notch 32 forms a butterfly-shaped jacket opening 36 in the outer jacket surface 33 and thus has a geometric shape with which a square volume flow curve is made possible.
  • the side walls 35 are designed so that their spacing increases increasingly in the radial direction and in the longitudinal direction, so that the flow cross-section formed by the control notch 32 undergoes a multi-dimensional expansion.
  • the jacket opening 36 formed by the control notch 32 in the outer circumferential surface 33 therefore runs in a funnel-shaped manner, seen in the radial direction, lies above the base surface 34 and is considerably larger than this base surface 34. Due to this geometry of the control notch 32, the volume flow curve over this control notch corresponds to a function higher Order, which corresponds here at least to the fourth order.
  • FIG. 2 clearly shows in connection with the perspective illustration of the longitudinal slide 12 according to FIG. 3, two control notches 32 are arranged diametrically to one another on the right piston section 18 on its two control surfaces 21.
  • control notches 32 are each arranged uniformly distributed along the circumference on the left piston section 18 on its two control surfaces 21, the opening cross section of which is made smaller in accordance with the larger number of control notches.
  • an undercut 37 is arranged on each of the front control surfaces 21, which is designed here as a turned-around circumferential cone.
  • the mode of operation of the directional valve 10 is explained as follows, the basic function of a hydraulic continuous directional valve being assumed to be known per se and reference being made to FIG.
  • the course of the volume flow between two adjacent control chambers 24 is plotted in FIG. 4 via a control notch 32 in relation to the desired value, which can be understood here as the stroke of the longitudinal slide 12.
  • the characteristic curve 41 shows the conditions for the longitudinal slide 12 according to the invention with a control notch 32, while the dashed characteristic curve 42 illustrates the conditions for a generic valve with simple, triangular cutouts 23.
  • the dashed curve 42 shows the situation in the generic state of the art, where the characteristic curve becomes increasingly flatter due to the housing losses with increasing volume flow and, after a rectilinear section, finally takes a degressive curve, in which even the slope decreases.
  • the housing losses can therefore be compensated for in the directional control valve 10 according to the invention, so that approximately the square course of the characteristic curve 41 is ensured over the entire actuation range.
  • the quadratic volume flow curve is of particular advantage when controlling large masses, where, especially when braking, first a rapid and then a slow braking should take place.
  • This configuration of the control notches 32 advantageously means that the slope of the characteristic curve 41 increases linearly with the desired value. The consequence of this is that small volume flows can be controlled particularly sensitively. It is also advantageous that the drift occurring in such continuous directional valves in the area small modulation has less influence than conventional notches; in addition, the relative error caused by the drift is the same over the entire setpoint range.
  • the design of the control notches 32 also avoids discontinuities in the notch shape, so that no abrupt changes in functions as in the case of composite notch shapes can occur.
  • the longitudinal slide 12 with the control notches 32 can also be produced relatively easily and inexpensively.
  • the notch shape can be produced inexpensively on automatic lathes without the triangle tip, with the main drive included in the path control.
  • the triangle tip can then be produced relatively easily by eroding or by stamping.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sliding Valves (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem hydraulischen Wegeventil in Kolbenschieber-Bauweise nach der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 näher angegebenen Gattung.The invention is based on a hydraulic directional control valve in the spool design according to the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Gattungsgemäße Wegeventile sind durch die DB 27 17 384 C2 sowie die DE-GM 88 01 058 bekanntgeworden. Bei diesen hydraulischen Wegeventilen handelt es sich um sogenannte Stetigventile, bei welchen eine Feinsteuerbarkeit des Ventils dadurch gegeben ist, daß die Steuerkanten im wesentlichen dreiecksförmige Steuerkerben aufweisen, die bezogen auf den Querschnitt der Steuerflächen zumeist die räumliche Form eines Halbkegels, einer Halbpyramide oder eine ähnliche Form aufweisen. Mit solchen Steuerkerben, die sich über den vollen Hubbereich des Längsschiebers erstrecken, läßt sich eine Feinsteuerung des Ventils mit der gewünschten Genauigkeit erzielen. Mit solchen Geometrien der Steuerkerben läßt sich vor allem im Bereich kleiner Öffnungsquerschnitte und damit im Bereich kleiner Druckmittelströme ein quadratischer Verlauf des Volumenstromes über dem Hub erreichen. Von Nachteil bei diesen Steuerkerben ist nun, daß mit steigendem Volumenstrom der Einfluß der Verluste im Ventilgehäuse immer größer wird und dadurch der Verlauf der Kennlinie sich abflacht. Die Kennlinie des Volumenstroms geht daher in mittleren Sollwertbereichen meist in einen geraden Abschnitt über und kann bei voller Aussteuerung des Wegeventils einen degressiven Endabschnitt aufweisen, bei dem also die Steigung abnimmt. Ein solcher Kennlinienverlauf ist vor allem bei Bremsvorgängen von großen Massen ungünstig, wo üblicherweise zuerst schnell und anschließend langsam abgebremst werden soll. Ferner ist es unerwünscht, daß die bei solchen Ventilen üblich auftretende Drift bei kleineren Sollwertgrößen zu größeren relativen Fehlern führt.Generic directional valves have become known from DB 27 17 384 C2 and DE-GM 88 01 058. These hydraulic directional control valves are so-called continuous valves, in which the valve can be precisely controlled by the fact that the control edges have essentially triangular control notches, which, based on the cross-section of the control surfaces, usually have the spatial shape of a half-cone, a half-pyramid or a similar shape exhibit. With such control notches, which extend over the full stroke range of the longitudinal slide, fine control of the valve can be achieved with the desired accuracy. With such geometries of the control notches, a square course of the volume flow over the stroke can be achieved especially in the area of small opening cross sections and thus in the area of small pressure medium flows. The disadvantage with these control notches is that with increasing volume flow the influence of the losses in the valve housing is getting bigger and as a result the characteristic curve flattens out. The characteristic curve of the volumetric flow therefore mostly changes into a straight section in the middle setpoint ranges and, when the directional control valve is fully actuated, can have a degressive end section, in which the slope decreases. Such a characteristic curve is particularly unfavorable for braking operations involving large masses, where braking is usually to be carried out first quickly and then slowly. Furthermore, it is undesirable that the drift that usually occurs in such valves leads to larger relative errors with smaller setpoint values.

Ferner ist aus der DE 35 15 563 C1 ein hydraulisches Wegeventil in Kolbenschieber-Bauweise bekannt, an dessem Steuerschieber das Verlaufsbild der Steuerkanten dem Verlauf einer Sinusfunktion entspricht. Mit dieser Steuerkantengeometrie soll bei guter Feinsteuerbarkeit des Ventils eine sprunghafte Änderung der Strömungskräfte vermieden werden. Obwohl hier die Strömungskräfte in Abhängigkeit vom Öffnungsquerschnitt einen progressiv knickfreien Verlauf haben, hat auch dieses Wegeventil den Nachteil, daß der Volumenstrom keine quadratische Funktion über den gesamten Sollwertbereich ergibt. Die Kennlinie für den Volumenstromverlauf bildet hier über dem Sollwertbereich im wesentlichen eher eine Gerade. Auch ist hier die Feinfühligkeit bei kleinen Volumenströmen begrenzt, da durch den sinusförmigen Verlauf der Steuerkanten die Volumenstromkennlinie mit einer definierten Steigung beginnt.Furthermore, from DE 35 15 563 C1 a hydraulic directional control valve in piston spool construction is known, on the control slide of which the profile of the control edges corresponds to the profile of a sine function. This control edge geometry is intended to avoid a sudden change in the flow forces with good valve controllability. Although here the flow forces have a progressively kink-free course depending on the opening cross section, this directional control valve also has the disadvantage that the volume flow does not result in a quadratic function over the entire setpoint range. The characteristic curve for the volume flow curve essentially forms a straight line over the setpoint range. The sensitivity to small volume flows is also limited here, since the volume flow characteristic begins with a defined slope due to the sinusoidal shape of the control edges.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße hydraulische Wegeventil in Kolbenschieber-Bauweise mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß es eine quadratische Funktion für den Volumenstrom über den gesamten Hubbereich ergibt. Durch diese Ausbildung der Steuerkerben läßt sich der Einfluß der Gehäuseverluste so kompensieren, daß die Volumenstrom-Kennlinie einen stetig ansteigenden, im wesentlichen quadratischen Verlauf im Bereich von 0 bis 100% des Sollwertes aufweist. Der quadratische Volumenstromverlauf ist besonders vorteilhaft für die Steuerung von großen Massen, insbesondere bei deren Beschleunigen und Abbremsen. Durch die stetig ansteigende Volumenstrom-Kennlinie läßt sich das Wegeventil im Zusammenhang mit einer einfacheren Steuerelektronik verwenden. Weiterhin erlaubt die Geometrie der Steuerkerben bei kleinen Druckmittelströmen eine besonders genaue und feinfühlige Steuerung. Ein weiterer Vorteil des Wegeventiles ist, daß die bei solchen Ventilen üblich auftretende Drift im Bereich kleiner Aussteuerung einen geringeren Einfluß hat. Günstig ist ferner, daß die Steuerkerben keine Unstetigkeiten aufweisen, wie dies bei zusammengesetzten Kerbenformen am Übergang der Kerbenformen der Fall ist. Zudem läßt sich der Steuerschieber mit diesen Steuerkerben relativ einfach und kostengünstig herstellen.The hydraulic directional control valve according to the invention in piston spool construction with the characterizing features of the main claim has in contrast the advantage that it gives a quadratic function for the volume flow over the entire stroke range. With this design of the control notches, the influence of the housing losses can be compensated for in such a way that the volume flow characteristic curve has a steadily increasing, essentially square course in the range from 0 to 100% of the setpoint. The quadratic volume flow curve is particularly advantageous for the control of large masses, particularly when accelerating and braking them. Due to the steadily increasing volume flow characteristic, the directional control valve can be used in connection with a simpler control electronics. Furthermore, the geometry of the control notches allows particularly precise and sensitive control with small pressure medium flows. Another advantage of the directional control valve is that the drift that usually occurs with such valves in the area of small modulation has less influence. It is also favorable that the control notches have no discontinuities, as is the case with composite notch shapes at the transition of the notch shapes. In addition, the control slide can be produced relatively easily and inexpensively with these control notches.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Wegeventils möglich.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the directional valve specified in the main claim are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 ein gattungsgemäßes hydraulisches Wegeventil in einer vereinfachten Darstellung, Figur 2 eine Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Längsschiebers mit einem Teil der angrenzenden, gehäusefesten Steuerkammern, Figur 3 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Längsschiebers nach Figur 2 und Figur 4 die Kennlinie für den Volumenstromverlauf über dem Sollwert Hub für das erfindungsgemäße Wegeventil.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. FIG. 1 shows a generic hydraulic directional valve in a simplified representation, FIG. 2 shows a view of the longitudinal slide according to the invention with part of the adjacent control chambers fixed to the housing, FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the longitudinal slide according to FIG. 2 and FIG Stroke for the directional valve according to the invention.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In Figur 1 ist die sogenannte Hauptstufe eines hydraulischen Stetig-Wegeventils 10 mit Richtungssteuerung in Kolbenschieber-Bauweise dargestellt, welche durch eine nicht näher gezeichnete Vorsteuerung ansteuerbar ist. Das Wegeventil 10 weist ein Gehäuse 11 auf, in dem ein Längsschieber 12 dichtend und gleitend geführt ist. Der Längsschieber 12 ist durch zwei sich am Gehäuse 11 abstützende Zentrierfedern 13 in seiner Mittelstellung gehalten, wobei an den sich gegenüberliegenden Enden des Längsschiebers 12 im Gehäuse 11 Druckräume 14 zur Aufnahme der Zentrierfedern 13 ausgebildet sind. Die Druckräume 14 weisen Bohrungen 15 auf, welche jeweils eine Verbindung zu der nicht dargestellten hydraulischen Vorsteuerung herstellen.In Figure 1, the so-called main stage of a hydraulic continuous directional control valve 10 is shown with directional control in the spool design, which can be controlled by a pilot control, not shown. The directional control valve 10 has a housing 11 in which a longitudinal slide 12 is guided in a sealing and sliding manner. The longitudinal slide 12 is held in its central position by two centering springs 13 supported on the housing 11, pressure spaces 14 for receiving the centering springs 13 being formed in the housing 11 at the opposite ends of the longitudinal slide 12. The pressure chambers 14 have bores 15, which each establish a connection to the hydraulic pilot control, not shown.

In dem Gehäuse 11 des Wegeventils 10 ist eine axiale Schieberbohrung 16 für den Längsschieber 12 ausgebildet. Der Längsschieber 12 weist in vorliegendem Fall 3 mit Abstand zueinander angeordnete umlaufende Ausnehmungen 17 auf, so daß sich dazwischen zwei den vollen Kolbenquerschnitt aufweisende Kolbenabschnitte 18 ergeben. Die Ausnehmungen 17 umfassen ringförmig einen Kolbenkern 19, so daß sich vom Kolbenkern 19 radial abstehende, stirnseitige Steuerflächen 21 an den Kolbenabschnitten 18 ergeben, deren äußerer Rand als Steuerkante 22 dichtend an der Innenfläche der axialen Schieberbohrung 16 gleitet. In der in Figur 1 gezeigten, dem gattungsgemäßen Stand der Technik entsprechenden Darstellung, weisen die Steuerkanten 22 dreieckförmige Ausnehmungen 23 auf, von denen mehrere mit Abstand zueinander im Verlauf der den Kolbenabschnitt 18 umfahrenden Steuerkante 22 angeordnet sind. Die Aussparungen 22 haben in Richtung auf den Kolbenkern hin eine an sich bekannte, im wesentlichen halbkegelförmige Gestalt.An axial slide bore 16 for the longitudinal slide 12 is formed in the housing 11 of the directional control valve 10. In the present case, the longitudinal slide 12 has 3 circumferential recesses 17 which are arranged at a distance from one another, so that there are two piston sections 18 with the full piston cross section between them. The recesses 17 comprise an annular piston core 19, so that there are radially protruding front control surfaces 21 on the piston sections 18 from the piston core 19, the outer edge of which, as a control edge 22, slides sealingly on the inner surface of the axial slide bore 16. In the illustration corresponding to the generic state of the art shown in FIG. 1, the control edges 22 have triangular recesses 23, several of which are arranged at a distance from one another in the course of the control edge 22 surrounding the piston section 18. The cutouts 22 have a substantially semi-conical shape which is known per se in the direction of the piston core.

Gehäuseseitig ist der Längsschieber 12 umgeben von im Gehäuse 11 ausgebildeten, den Längsschieber 12 ringförmig umschließenden Steuerkammern 24, welche über Anschlußbohrungen 25 bis 28 mit außerhalb des Wegeventils liegenden und daher nicht dargestellten Aggregaten wie Tank, Pumpe, Verbraucher verbunden sind. Dabei sind mit 25 der Anschluß zum Tank, mit 26 der Anschluß zur Pumpe und mit 27 und 28 je ein Anschluß zu einem Verbraucher bezeichnet. Zwischen den an der Schieberbohrung 16 im Gehäuse 11 ausgesparten Steuerkammern 24 sind Gehäusestege 29 angeordnet, welche mit den Steuerkanten 22 des Längsschiebers 12 bei dessen axialer Bewegung zusammenwirken. In üblicher Weise sind die beiden außen liegenden Steuerkammern 24 über einen Steuerkanal 31 miteinander verbunden und damit auch mit der Anschlußbohrung 25 zum Tank.On the housing side, the longitudinal slide 12 is surrounded by control chambers 24 formed in the housing 11 and annularly surrounding the longitudinal slide 12, which are connected via connection bores 25 to 28 to units, such as tank, pump, consumer, which are located outside the directional control valve and are therefore not shown. 25 are the connection to the tank, 26 to the connection to the pump and 27 and 28 each to a connection to a consumer. Between the control chambers 24 recessed in the slide bore 16 in the housing 11, housing webs 29 are arranged, which cooperate with the control edges 22 of the longitudinal slide 12 during its axial movement. In a conventional manner, the two external control chambers 24 are connected to one another via a control channel 31 and thus also to the connection bore 25 to the tank.

In Figur 2 ist nun die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Längsschiebers 12 dargestellt, und zwar in Form einer Ansicht des Längsschiebers 12 in Verbindung mit einem Teilausschnitt der gehäusefesten Steuerkammern 24. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Längsschieber 12 sind anstelle der Ausnehmungen 23 nach Figur 1 nunmehr Steuerkerben 32 angeordnet, deren Form und Ausbildung aus Figur 2 in Verbindung mit Figur 3 erkennbar ist. Die Steuerkerben 32 für das für 4-Wege ausgebildete Ventil sind untereinander im Prinzip gleich ausgebildet, so daß im folgenden eine einzige Steuerkerbe 32 beschrieben wird. Die Steuerkerbe 32 weist im Kerbenbeginn eine Dreiecksform auf. Ferner weist die Steuerkerbe 32 eine zwischen der Mantelfläche 33 des Kolbenabschnitts 18 und der Längsachse des Längsschiebers 12 verlaufende Grundfläche 34 auf, die auf einem Durchmesser liegt, der geringfügig größer ist als der Durchmesser des Kolbenkerns 19. Die Grundfläche 34 weist dabei ebenfalls eine Dreiecksform auf, wobei sich deren Schenkel zu der stirnseitigen Steuerfläche 21 hin öffnen und dabei im wesentlichen im Bereich eines spitzen Winkels verbleiben. Von der Grundfläche 34 aus verlaufen Seitenwände 35 nach außen hin zur Mantelfläche 33, wobei
die Steuerkerbe 32 in der äußeren Mantelfläche 33 eine schmetterlingsförmige Mantelöffnung 36 bildet und damit eine geometrische Form aufweist, mit der ein quadratischer Volumenstromverlauf ermöglicht wird. Die Seitenwände 35 sind dabei so ausgebildet, daß sich ihr Abstand in radialer Richtung und in Längsrichtung gesehen zunehmend vergrößert, so daß der von der Steuerkerbe 32 gebildete Durchflußquerschnitt eine mehrdimensionale Erweiterung erfährt. Die von der Steuerkerbe 32 in der äußeren Mantelfläche 33 gebildete Mantelöffnung 36 verläuft daher trichterförmig, liegt in radialer Richtung gesehen über der Grundfläche 34 und ist beträchtlich größer als diese Grundfläche 34. Durch diese Geometrie der Steuerkerbe 32 entspricht der Volumenstromverlauf über diese Steuerkerbe einer Funktion höherer Ordnung, die hier mindestens der vierten Ordnung entspricht. Wie die Figur 2 in Verbindung mit der perspektivischen Darstellung des Längsschiebers 12 nach Figur 3 deutlich zeigt, sind an dem rechten Kolbenabschnitt 18 an dessen beiden Steuerflächen 21 jeweils zwei Steuerkerben 32 diametral zueinander angeordnet. Ferner sind am linken Kolbenabschnitt 18 an dessen beiden Steuerflächen 21 jeweils vier Steuerkerben 32 gleichmäßig längs des Umfangs verteilt angeordnet, wobei deren Öffnungsquerschnitt entsprechend der größeren Anzahl der Steuerkerben kleiner ausgebildet ist. Um die Kompensierung der Gehäusewiderstände weiter zu verbessern ist an den stirnseitigen Steuerfächen 21 jeweils ein Hinterschnitt 37 angeordnet, der hier als angedrehter umlaufender Konus ausgebildet ist.
In Figure 2, the inventive design of the longitudinal slide 12 is now shown, in the form of a view of the longitudinal slide 12 in connection with a partial section of the control chambers 24 fixed to the housing. In the longitudinal slide 12 according to the invention, control notches 32 are now arranged instead of the recesses 23 according to FIG The shape and design of Figure 2 in connection with Figure 3 can be seen. The control notches 32 for the 4-way valve are in principle identical to one another, so that a single control notch 32 is described below. The control notch 32 has a triangular shape at the beginning of the notch. Furthermore, the control notch 32 has a base surface 34, which extends between the lateral surface 33 of the piston section 18 and the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal slide 12, and which has a diameter which is slightly larger than the diameter of the piston core 19. The base surface 34 also has a triangular shape , the legs of which open toward the front control surface 21 and remain essentially in the region of an acute angle. From the base surface 34, side walls 35 extend outwards to the outer surface 33, wherein
the control notch 32 forms a butterfly-shaped jacket opening 36 in the outer jacket surface 33 and thus has a geometric shape with which a square volume flow curve is made possible. The side walls 35 are designed so that their spacing increases increasingly in the radial direction and in the longitudinal direction, so that the flow cross-section formed by the control notch 32 undergoes a multi-dimensional expansion. The jacket opening 36 formed by the control notch 32 in the outer circumferential surface 33 therefore runs in a funnel-shaped manner, seen in the radial direction, lies above the base surface 34 and is considerably larger than this base surface 34. Due to this geometry of the control notch 32, the volume flow curve over this control notch corresponds to a function higher Order, which corresponds here at least to the fourth order. As FIG. 2 clearly shows in connection with the perspective illustration of the longitudinal slide 12 according to FIG. 3, two control notches 32 are arranged diametrically to one another on the right piston section 18 on its two control surfaces 21. Furthermore, four control notches 32 are each arranged uniformly distributed along the circumference on the left piston section 18 on its two control surfaces 21, the opening cross section of which is made smaller in accordance with the larger number of control notches. In order to further improve the compensation of the housing resistances, an undercut 37 is arranged on each of the front control surfaces 21, which is designed here as a turned-around circumferential cone.

Die Wirkungsweise des Wegeventils 10 wird wie folgt erläutert, wobei die grundsätzliche Funktion eines hydraulischen Stetig-Wegeventils als an sich bekannt vorausgesetzt wird und auf die Figur 4 Bezug genommen wird. Dabei ist in Figur 4 der Verlauf des Volumenstromes zwischen zwei benachbarten Steuerkammern 24 über eine Steuerkerbe 32 im Verhältnis zum Sollwert aufgetragen, der hier als Hub des Längsschiebers 12 aufgefaßt werden kann. Dabei zeigt die Kennlinie 41 die Verhältnisse für den erfindungsgemäßen Längsschieber 12 mit einer Steuerkerbe 32, während die gestrichelte Kennlinie 42 die Verhältnisse für ein gattungsbildendes Ventil mit einfachen, dreieckförmigen Aussparungen 23 veranschaulicht. Aus der Kennlinie 41 für das erfindungsgemäße Wegeventil 10 wird deutlich, daß beim Aufsteuern einer Druckmittelverbindung zwischen zwei Steuerkammern durch die Steuerkerbe 32 ein quadratischer Volumenstromverlauf anfänglich erzielt wird, der durch die Dreiecksform im Kerbenbeginn verursacht wird. Mit zunehmendem Aufsteuern der Steuerkerbe 32 und damit steigendem Volumenstrom bleibt dieser progressiv ansteigende Verlauf der Kennlinie 41 erhalten, auch bei maximaler Auslenkung des Steuerschiebers 12 bis zu einem Sollwert von 100%. Die mit steigendem Volumenstrom stärker werdenden Einflüsse der Gehäuseverluste werden dabei durch die besondere Geometrie der Steuerkerben 32 kompensiert, deren Öffnungsquerschnitt sich beim Aufsteuern nach einer Funktion Vierter Ordnung erweitert, so daß für den Volumenstrom Q über das Wegeventil 10 im wesentlichen ein quadratischer Kennlinienverlauf erhalten bleibt. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt die gestrichelte Kennlinie 42 die Verhältnisse beim gattungsbildenden Stand der Technik, wo durch die Gehäuseverluste mit steigendem Volumenstrom der Kennlinienverlauf immer flacher wird und nach einem geradlinigen Abschnitt schließlich einen degressiven Verlauf nimmt, bei dem sogar die Steigung abnimmt. Im Gegensatz zum gattungsbildenden Ventil mit der Kennlinie 42 können daher beim erfindungsgemäßen Wegeventil 10 die Gehäuseverluste kompensiert werden, so daß über den gesamten Aussteuerbereich näherungsweise der quadratische Verlauf der Kennlinie 41 sichergestellt ist.The mode of operation of the directional valve 10 is explained as follows, the basic function of a hydraulic continuous directional valve being assumed to be known per se and reference being made to FIG. The course of the volume flow between two adjacent control chambers 24 is plotted in FIG. 4 via a control notch 32 in relation to the desired value, which can be understood here as the stroke of the longitudinal slide 12. The characteristic curve 41 shows the conditions for the longitudinal slide 12 according to the invention with a control notch 32, while the dashed characteristic curve 42 illustrates the conditions for a generic valve with simple, triangular cutouts 23. From the characteristic 41 for the directional control valve 10 according to the invention it is clear that when a pressure medium connection between two control chambers is opened by the control notch 32, a square volume flow curve is initially achieved, which is caused by the triangular shape at the beginning of the notch. With increasing opening of the control notch 32 and thus increasing volume flow, this progressively increasing course of the characteristic curve 41 is retained, even with maximum deflection of the control slide 12 up to a target value of 100%. The influences of the housing losses, which become stronger as the volume flow increases, are compensated for by the special geometry of the control notches 32, the opening cross section of which increases upon opening according to a fourth-order function, so that essentially a square characteristic curve is maintained for the volume flow Q via the directional valve 10. In contrast to this, the dashed curve 42 shows the situation in the generic state of the art, where the characteristic curve becomes increasingly flatter due to the housing losses with increasing volume flow and, after a rectilinear section, finally takes a degressive curve, in which even the slope decreases. In contrast to the generic valve with the characteristic curve 42, the housing losses can therefore be compensated for in the directional control valve 10 according to the invention, so that approximately the square course of the characteristic curve 41 is ensured over the entire actuation range.

Der quadratische Volumenstromverlauf ist von besonderem Vorteil beim Steuern großer Massen, wo insbesondere beim Abbremsen zuerst eine schnelle und dann eine langsame Abbremsung erfolgen soll. Durch diese Ausbildung der Steuerkerben 32 wird in günstiger Weise erreicht, daß die Steigung der Kennlinie 41 linear mit dem Sollwert zunimmt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß kleine Volumenströme besonders feinfühlig gesteuert werden können. Außerdem ist von Vorteil, daß die bei solchen Stetig-Wegeventilen auftretende Drift im Bereich kleiner Aussteuerung einen geringeren Einfluß als bei herkömmlichen Kerben hat; zudem ist der von der Drift verursachte relative Fehler über den gesamten Sollwertbereich gleich. Die aufgezeigte Gestaltung der Steuerkerben 32 vermeidet auch Unstetigkeiten in der Kerbenform, so daß keine sprunghaften Änderungen von Funktionen wie bei zusammengesetzten Kerbenformen auftreten können.The quadratic volume flow curve is of particular advantage when controlling large masses, where, especially when braking, first a rapid and then a slow braking should take place. This configuration of the control notches 32 advantageously means that the slope of the characteristic curve 41 increases linearly with the desired value. The consequence of this is that small volume flows can be controlled particularly sensitively. It is also advantageous that the drift occurring in such continuous directional valves in the area small modulation has less influence than conventional notches; in addition, the relative error caused by the drift is the same over the entire setpoint range. The design of the control notches 32 also avoids discontinuities in the notch shape, so that no abrupt changes in functions as in the case of composite notch shapes can occur.

Der Längsschieber 12 mit den Steuerkerben 32 kann zudem relativ einfach und kostengünstig hergestellt werden. So kann die Kerbenform ohne die Dreiecksspitze auf Drehautomaten, mit in Bahnregelung einbezogenem Hauptantrieb kostengünstig hergestellt werden. Die Dreiecksspitze läßt sich anschließend relativ leicht durch Erodieren oder durch Prägen herstellen.The longitudinal slide 12 with the control notches 32 can also be produced relatively easily and inexpensively. For example, the notch shape can be produced inexpensively on automatic lathes without the triangle tip, with the main drive included in the path control. The triangle tip can then be produced relatively easily by eroding or by stamping.

Claims (12)

  1. Hydraulic directional control valve of piston valve construction having a housing (11) in the valve piston bore of which a piston (12) is guided in a sealing and gliding fashion, and in which there are constructed in the valve piston bore at least two juxtaposed control chambers (24) which enclose between them a housing web (29) in which a piston section (18) of the piston (12) controls the connection between the two control chambers (24), for which purpose the piston (12) has at least one control notch (32) which serves as a fine control cutout and is constructed geometrically such that it extends over the entire stroke range of the piston (12), the control notch (32) having a quadratic volumetric flow characteristic at the start of opening owing to an essentially triangular shape, characterized in that with increasing opening stroke the control notch (32) transforms the volumetric flow into a function of higher order by means of multidimensional expansion, for which purpose the control notch (32) has an essentially triangular base area (34) which is situated between the longitudinal axis and the lateral surface (33) of the piston (12) and opens towards an end-face control surface (21) of the piston section (18), and from which base area (34) there extend outwards towards the lateral surface (33) side walls (35) which extend radially and in the longitudinal direction at a spacing increasing in both directions, as a result of which there is formed in the lateral surface (33) of the piston section (18) an opening (36) in the lateral surface of the control notch (32) which expands like a funnel and is situated above the base area (34).
  2. Hydraulic directional control valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that with an increasing stroke of the piston (12) the volumetric flow, which is determined purely by the opening cross-section of the control notch (32), goes over into a function of at least fourth order.
  3. Hydraulic directional control valve according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base area (34) extends essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston (12) and is situated in the circumferential surface of the piston core (19), especially in the radial direction.
  4. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a plurality of control notches (32), especially two to six, are arranged distributed uniformly on the circumference of the piston section (18).
  5. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the piston (12) has a plurality of piston sections (18) with control notches (32), and in particular has four control edges (22) for a 4-way 3-position function.
  6. Hydraulic direction control valve according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the boundary lines of the base area (34) form an acute angle with one another as far as into the end-face control surfaces (21).
  7. Hydraulic directional control valve according to Claim 6, characterized in that the inner ends of the base area (34) and lateral surface (33) are essentially situated one above another in the radial direction.
  8. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the volumetric flow characteristic (41) extends over the entire desired-value range essentially in accordance with a quadratic function.
  9. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an undercut (37) is arranged on one end-face control surface (21).
  10. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an additional fine control notch of lesser depth than that of the control notch (32) is arranged at the start of the control notch (32).
  11. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the axial drainage area of the control notch (32) in the end-face control surface (21) is approximately three times as large as that for the opening (36) in the lateral surface which is available for the radial flow.
  12. Use of the hydraulic directional control valve according to one of Claims 1 to 5 for a continuous-flow valve (10).
EP93111507A 1992-07-24 1993-07-17 Hydraulic directional control valve of piston slide valve construction Expired - Lifetime EP0581156B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4224469 1992-07-24
DE4224469A DE4224469A1 (en) 1992-07-24 1992-07-24 Hydraulic directional control valve in piston spool design

Publications (3)

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EP0581156A2 EP0581156A2 (en) 1994-02-02
EP0581156A3 EP0581156A3 (en) 1994-03-16
EP0581156B1 true EP0581156B1 (en) 1997-05-28

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EP93111507A Expired - Lifetime EP0581156B1 (en) 1992-07-24 1993-07-17 Hydraulic directional control valve of piston slide valve construction

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JPH0710650U (en) * 1993-07-26 1995-02-14 株式会社小松製作所 Directional control valve for all hydraulic steering system
US6460561B1 (en) * 1998-10-28 2002-10-08 Luk Getriebe-Systeme Gmbh Valve piston and valve equipped with same
KR100506367B1 (en) * 1999-01-27 2005-08-10 현대자동차주식회사 Notch of pressure control valve in automatic transmission
DE10041168A1 (en) * 2000-08-21 2002-03-07 Mannesmann Rexroth Ag valve means
DE102009041859A1 (en) * 2009-09-16 2011-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Control slide for proportional directional valve, has axial grooves incorporated in shaft section in same angular distance to each other and sectionally provided with spherical cross-section
DE102011080667A1 (en) 2011-08-09 2013-02-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Slide valve with a valve slide
CN104534124B (en) * 2014-12-01 2017-01-18 浙江工业大学 Displacement amplifying type 2D electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve
JP6700137B2 (en) * 2016-07-28 2020-05-27 住友精密工業株式会社 Flow control valve
CN111089090A (en) * 2019-10-30 2020-05-01 润琛液压机械南通有限公司 Manual hydraulic multi-way valve of miniature excavator
CN111255917B (en) * 2020-02-04 2022-01-14 内蒙古西部天然气管道运行有限责任公司 Natural gas compressor control device
DE102020208933A1 (en) 2020-07-16 2022-01-20 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Control valve with a radial recess in the area of the first and second orifice
US11680649B2 (en) * 2020-11-16 2023-06-20 Parker-Hannifin Corporstion Proportional valve spool with linear flow gain
DE102021207650A1 (en) 2021-07-19 2023-01-19 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Spool valve with low tendency to hydraulic jam

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DE2717384C2 (en) * 1977-04-20 1983-12-22 Mannesmann Rexroth GmbH, 8770 Lohr Hydraulically operated control valve
DE3226809A1 (en) * 1982-07-17 1984-01-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Hydraulic directional control valve
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US4941508A (en) * 1989-12-28 1990-07-17 Dana Corporation Force balanced hydraulic spool valve

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JPH06185659A (en) 1994-07-08
DE59306565D1 (en) 1997-07-03
EP0581156A2 (en) 1994-02-02
EP0581156A3 (en) 1994-03-16
DE4224469A1 (en) 1994-01-27

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