EP0575935A1 - Magnetic rail brake device - Google Patents

Magnetic rail brake device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0575935A1
EP0575935A1 EP93109865A EP93109865A EP0575935A1 EP 0575935 A1 EP0575935 A1 EP 0575935A1 EP 93109865 A EP93109865 A EP 93109865A EP 93109865 A EP93109865 A EP 93109865A EP 0575935 A1 EP0575935 A1 EP 0575935A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
rail brake
coil
magnetic rail
brake according
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Granted
Application number
EP93109865A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0575935B1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Kröger
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Knorr Bremse AG
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Knorr Bremse AG
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Publication of EP0575935A1 publication Critical patent/EP0575935A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H7/00—Brakes with braking members co-operating with the track
    • B61H7/02—Scotch blocks, skids, or like track-engaging shoes
    • B61H7/04—Scotch blocks, skids, or like track-engaging shoes attached to railway vehicles
    • B61H7/06—Skids
    • B61H7/08—Skids electromagnetically operated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetic rail brake according to the preamble of claim 1 in particular a magnetic rail brake for rail vehicles whose link geometry has been optimally designed so that a reduction in the total weight while maintaining the adhesive force of 85 kN was achieved.
  • Such a magnetic rail brake is known from DE-OS 27 20 815 from Knorr-Bremse GmbH, Kunststoff.
  • the known magnetic rail brake has the same shape purely on the outside. It consists essentially of two curved legs which are connected in a U-shape by means of a rigidly connected web part. There is a coil around the bridge part, which magnetizes the core, i.e. the legs, when excited.
  • the pole shoes which represent the end of the legs, each have at their ends two contact surfaces running parallel to the rail, which have a certain distance from the rail when the magnetic rail brake is not actuated.
  • the legs themselves are curved, so that the pole shoes with their inner surfaces are closer in the lower part than in the upper part of the legs. Due to these curvatures in the legs, a cavity is formed between them, which serves to receive the coil carrier.
  • the disadvantage of this known magnetic rail brake is primarily its geometrical dimensions, which in its total length, i.e. Iron core plus bobbin, about 220 mm in height and 140 mm in width. This fact is perceived by the end user as too large, so that its installation options are limited.
  • the total weight is designed to be relatively high, because for a certain nominal adhesive force (kN), e.g. 85 kN a nominal current of approx. 29 amperes is required to achieve the corresponding field strength. This required nominal adhesive force can be achieved either by changing the core to be magnetized or by changing the flow through the excitation coils.
  • kN nominal adhesive force
  • the aim of the efforts must therefore be to maintain the required nominal adhesive force of 85 kN with the smallest possible geometric dimensions and low overall weight.
  • the magnetic rail brake according to the invention with pole shoes which are U-shaped in cross section and are symmetrical or asymmetrical with respect to a center line and which consist of two curved legs rigidly connected to one another in the web part, the curved, metallic, magnetic legs forming a cavity in the middle in which a suitable coil former is formed is fitted, which partially surrounds the web part of the pole shoes, the total height from the contact surface of the pole shoes on the rail to the upper edge of the coil body is not greater than 160 mm.
  • the clear dimensions for receiving the turns of the magnetic coil which essentially do not exceed 60x30x5 mm, contribute to the solution of the above task.
  • the overall height of the metallic, magnetic legs is approximately 130 mm, although this dimension is not significantly exceeded.
  • pole shoe distance in the longitudinal direction between 5 and 10 mm. It is also advantageous not to dimension the pole shoe width greater than 72 mm, since this width corresponds approximately to the width of the rail.
  • the bobbin case is shown in a perspective view.
  • the bobbin case 1 serves to receive the windings 6 required to achieve the necessary electromagnetic flux.
  • dividing walls 10 are distributed at regular intervals and fixed in their positions on the bobbin case 1.
  • a pole shoe 3 with a U-shaped cross section and receiving the magnetic force flow is inserted into the central opening 9, with its legs overlapping the lower half of the bobbin case.
  • the two legs 3 of the pole shoes which are designed as separate parts, are so firmly and permanently connected to one another by screws 12, which penetrate the web part, that no disadvantageous increase in the magnetic resistance is caused by the simply available joint even after prolonged operation.
  • the rail brake magnet is lowered onto the rail by a device (not shown here) and the coil winding is set under voltage, the current flow in the pole piece generates a magnetic flux which is closed by the pole pieces and the rail head.
  • the surfaces 11 of the legs 3 are consequently pulled down onto the rail head in a thickness corresponding to the magnetic flux and pressed against the same.
  • the existing mobility of the pole shoes 3 about the longitudinal axis of the rail brake magnet allows the same to rest perfectly on differently worn rail heads and the desired magnetic flux and the frictional engagement of the magnetic rail brake to the rails provide sufficient braking force.
  • the partitions 10 ensure that the pole pieces do not interfere with each other despite their mobility and also absorb the forces generated by the friction on the rail head in the pole pieces and pass them on to the coil box 1, from which they are transmitted to the vehicle to be braked.
  • the thickness of the partition walls 10 is approximately 8 mm with regard to the size of the forces to be absorbed, and their distance from the center line to the center line is in each case approximately 100 mm.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the pole shoes is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b.
  • the metallic core of the coil 6 to be magnetized consists in principle of two legs 3 which are rigidly connected to each other in a U-shape via a web 2 and are shaped such that the ends of the legs come together with their inner surfaces to within a few mm.
  • the distance between the lower parts 13 of the legs 3 is approximately 12 mm and should not be undercut for physical reasons.
  • the total width of both leg ends 13 plus the space of approximately 12 mm is 72 mm in the present exemplary embodiment, which in a certain sense represents an optimal dimension.
  • the coil carrier 1 or also the coil case serves to receive the turns of the excitation coil in a mechanically stable border and additionally to protect against environmental influences such as moisture.
  • This purpose is served by an end plate 8 which is placed in close contact with the windings on the last position of the excitation coil 6 and is welded to the side of the coil carrier 1.
  • metallic angle plates 7 are placed in a suitable place on the windings in the upper corners of the magnet coil, so that heat that occurs at certain points is transferred relatively evenly to a large number of turns, so that the entire amount of heat that occurs does not have to be derived from one point.
  • the fill factor of the coil 6 could be increased significantly compared to the previous embodiment. With this measure, the dimensions of the bobbin case or bobbin 1 can be considerably reduced.
  • the measure of reducing and optimizing the weight or the geometrical dimensions contributes to accepting a considerably higher output in the excitation coil than with the comparable excitation coils of the known magnetic rail brake.
  • a total height of 160 mm was achieved by the measures taken above, measured from the surfaces 11 of the pole shoes to the upper edge of the coil carrier 1 or the coil box. This important measure should under no circumstances be exceeded.
  • the free end of the leg 3 is offset inwards relative to its shoulder on the web part 2, so that it is at a distance of approximately 6 mm from the center line and at a distance of 10 mm from the opposite leg.
  • the cross section of the leg is essentially rectangular and has a width of approximately 35 mm at the height of the magnetic coil. At this point, the cross-sectional area is largest and tapers down towards the end of pole pieces.
  • pole shoes 3 or of the links according to the invention in the coil case 1 is particularly well suited for the manufacture of the pole shoes 3 or at least their lower wear sections which encompass the vertical region of the legs adjoining the surfaces 11 and generally consist of steel.
  • the contact length of the pole pieces can lead to welding.
  • leg sections can also be designed asymmetrically.
  • the lower section, adjoining the surfaces 11, of the two legs 3 combined into a U-shaped structure is skimmed laterally by different dimensions, although their mutual spacing of approximately 12 mm is retained.
  • the bobbin case is laterally offset above the rail.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional drawing along the section line AB shown in FIG. From this it can be seen that the foot 13 of the legs 3 has a length of approximately 90 mm.
  • the lower curve 14 shows the electrical power (Pe) in (kW) as a function of the flow (kA), which is approximately 1.45 kW at a nominal current of approximately 45 amperes.
  • Pe the electrical power
  • the dash-dotted curve (Pe) represents the electrical power It shows a flatter rise in the lower area than in the upper area. This is directly related to the characteristic of the magnetization of the core, which is magnetized relatively more strongly by the coil 6 at low currents than in the upper saturation range.
  • the solid curve (F H ) represents the adhesive force 15 of the weight-optimized magnet Nb.Gl.
  • the solid curve (F H ) represents the adhesive force 15 of the weight-optimized magnet Nb.Gl.
  • the optimized magnetic rail brake according to the invention is characterized by a relatively small weight, a low overall height and economically justifiable manufacturing and material costs, an adhesive force of 85 kN with an electrical output of 1.45 kW being guaranteed.
  • the present invention presents a magnetic rail brake which is particularly suitable for rail vehicles.
  • the magnetic rail brake consists essentially of one Coil body (1) and a plurality of links which are separated from one another by partitions (10), the links consisting of two magnetic pole shoes (3) and being rigidly connected to one another by a web part (2).
  • the magnetic rail brake is characterized in particular by its low overall height and its relatively low weight.
  • the nominal current is approximately 40 amperes with a nominal power of approximately 1.45 kW.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

Abstract

With the present invention, a magnetic rail break device is proposed which is suitable in particular for rail vehicles. The magnetic rail break consists essentially of a coil former (1) and a plurality of elements which are separated from one another by dividing walls (10), the elements being composed essentially of two magnetic pole shoes (3) and being connected rigidly to one another with a web component (2). The magnetic rail break is characterized in particular by its low overall constructional height and its relatively low weight. The operating voltage selected in the present case for the magnets is U=110 volts. The rated current is approximately 40 amps with a rated power of approximately 1.45 kW. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Magnetschienenbremse nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 insbesondere einer Magnetschienenbremse für Schienenfahrzeuge deren Zwischenglieder-Geometrie optimal ausgelegt wurde, so daß eine Verringerung des Gesamtgewichts unter Beibehaltung der Haftkraft von 85 kN erzielt wurde.The present invention relates to a magnetic rail brake according to the preamble of claim 1 in particular a magnetic rail brake for rail vehicles whose link geometry has been optimally designed so that a reduction in the total weight while maintaining the adhesive force of 85 kN was achieved.

Eine derartige Magnetschienenbremse ist aus der DE-OS 27 20 815 der Knorr-Bremse GmbH, München bekannt. Die bekannte Magnetschienenbremse weist rein äußerlich die gleiche Form auf. Sie besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei geschwungenen Schenkeln die U-förmig mittels eines starr verbundenen Stegteils verbunden sind. Um den Stegteil herum befindet sich eine Spule, die bei Erregung den Kern, also die Schenkel aufmagnetisiert.Such a magnetic rail brake is known from DE-OS 27 20 815 from Knorr-Bremse GmbH, Munich. The known magnetic rail brake has the same shape purely on the outside. It consists essentially of two curved legs which are connected in a U-shape by means of a rigidly connected web part. There is a coil around the bridge part, which magnetizes the core, i.e. the legs, when excited.

Die Polschuhe, die das Ende der Schenkel darstellen, weisen an ihren Enden jeweils zwei parallel zur Schiene verlaufende Auflageflächen auf, die bei Nichtbetätigung der Magnetschienenbremse einen gewissen Abstand von der Schiene haben. Die Schenkel selbst sind geschwungen, so daß die Polschuhe mit ihren Innenflächen im unteren Teil näher gegenüberliegen, als im oberen Teil der Schenkel. Durch diese Krümmungen in den Schenkeln wird zwischen diesen ein Hohlraum gebildet, der zur Aufnahme des Spulenträgers dient.The pole shoes, which represent the end of the legs, each have at their ends two contact surfaces running parallel to the rail, which have a certain distance from the rail when the magnetic rail brake is not actuated. The legs themselves are curved, so that the pole shoes with their inner surfaces are closer in the lower part than in the upper part of the legs. Due to these curvatures in the legs, a cavity is formed between them, which serves to receive the coil carrier.

Nachteilig an dieser bekannten Magnetschienenbremse werden vor allem seine geometrischen Abmessungen empfunden, die in seiner Gesamtlänge, d.h. Eisenkern plus Spulenkörper, etwa 220 mm in der Höhe und 140 mm in der Breite beträgt. Dieser Umstand wird vom Endabnehmer als zu groß empfunden, so daß seine Einbaumöglichkeiten begrenzt sind. Außerdem ist das Gesamtgewicht verhältnismäßig hoch ausgelegt, da für eine bestimmte Nenn-Haftkraft (kN), z.B. 85 kN ein Nennstrom von ca. 29 Ampère benötigt wird, um die entsprechende Feldstärke zu erzielen. Diese geforderte Nenn-Haftkraft kann entweder durch Veränderung des zu magnetisierenden Kerns oder durch Änderung der Durchflutung der Erregerspulen erreicht werden.The disadvantage of this known magnetic rail brake is primarily its geometrical dimensions, which in its total length, i.e. Iron core plus bobbin, about 220 mm in height and 140 mm in width. This fact is perceived by the end user as too large, so that its installation options are limited. In addition, the total weight is designed to be relatively high, because for a certain nominal adhesive force (kN), e.g. 85 kN a nominal current of approx. 29 amperes is required to achieve the corresponding field strength. This required nominal adhesive force can be achieved either by changing the core to be magnetized or by changing the flow through the excitation coils.

Ziel der Bemühungen muß es also sein, in jedem Falle die geforderte Nenn-Haftkraft von 85 kN bei möglichst kleinen geometrischen Abmessungen und geringen Gesamtgewicht einzuhalten.The aim of the efforts must therefore be to maintain the required nominal adhesive force of 85 kN with the smallest possible geometric dimensions and low overall weight.

Daher ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Magnetschienenbremse bereitzustellen, die in der Lage ist, bei vorgegebener Haftkraft optimale geometrische Abmessungen, ein geringes Gewicht und auch eine einfache Herstellung zu gewährleisten.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic rail brake which is able to ensure optimum geometric dimensions, low weight and also simple manufacture with a given adhesive force.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Hauptanspruch 1 befindlichen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features in the main claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Magnetschienenbremse mit im Querschnitt U-förmigen symmetrisch oder unsymmetrisch zu einer Mittellinie ausgebildeten Polschuhen, die aus zwei im Stegteil starr miteinander verbundenen geschwungenen Schenkeln bestehen, wobei die geschwungenen, metallischen, magnetischen Schenkel in der Mitte einen Hohlraum bilden, in dem ein passender Spulenkörper eingepasst wird, der das Stegteil der Polschuhe teilweise umgibt, wobei die gesamte Bauhöhe von der Auflagefläche der Polschuhe auf die Schiene bis zur Oberkante des Spulenkörpers nicht größer als 160 mm ist.The magnetic rail brake according to the invention with pole shoes which are U-shaped in cross section and are symmetrical or asymmetrical with respect to a center line and which consist of two curved legs rigidly connected to one another in the web part, the curved, metallic, magnetic legs forming a cavity in the middle in which a suitable coil former is formed is fitted, which partially surrounds the web part of the pole shoes, the total height from the contact surface of the pole shoes on the rail to the upper edge of the coil body is not greater than 160 mm.

Ferner tragen zur Lösung der oben gestellten Aufgabe die lichten Maße zur Aufnahme der Windungen der Magnetspule bei, die im wesentlichen 60x30x5 mm nicht übersteigen. Darüber hinaus beträgt die Bauhöhe der metallischen, magnetischen Schenkel ca. 130 mm, wobei dieses Maß nicht wesentlich überschritten wird. Um die geforderte Haftkraft von 85 kN zu erreichen ist es notwendig, eine Durchflutung der Erregerspule von ca. 5 kA zu wählen, um die metallischen Schenkel bis zur Sättigung aufzumagentisieren.Furthermore, the clear dimensions for receiving the turns of the magnetic coil, which essentially do not exceed 60x30x5 mm, contribute to the solution of the above task. In addition, the overall height of the metallic, magnetic legs is approximately 130 mm, although this dimension is not significantly exceeded. In order to achieve the required adhesive force of 85 kN, it is necessary to select a flow through the excitation coil of approx. 5 kA in order to reagent the metal legs to saturation.

Als vorteilhaft zur Erreichung des gesetzten Zieles hat sich herausgestellt, die Erregerspule als Hochleistungsspule auszubilden, d.h. den Erregerstrom auf ca. 40 Ampère heraufzusetzen, was in etwa einem 50 % höheren Nennstrom im Vergleich zu den herkömmlichen Magnetschienenbremsen darstellt. Ferner ist es in vorteilhafter Weise gelungen, den Füllfaktor der Magnetspule durch Auswahl geeigneter Isolierstoffe extrem groß zu gestalten, so daß dadurch die geometrischen Abmessungen günstig beeinflußt werden. Bei der Herstellung der Erregerspule hat es sich erfindungsgemäß als äußerst praktisch und vorteilhaft erwiesen, über die Windungen an den oberen Ecken der Windungspackung ein metallisches Winkelstück, das beispielsweise aus Kupfer sein kann, gelegt wird, um eine punktuelle Wärme beim Einschweißen eines notwendigen Abschlußbleches über den Windungen gleichmäßig zu verteilen. Hierdurch wird die Isolierung vor möglichen Durchschlägen geschützt.It has proven to be advantageous to achieve the set goal to design the excitation coil as a high-performance coil, i.e. to increase the excitation current to approx. 40 amperes, which is approximately a 50% higher nominal current compared to conventional magnetic rail brakes. Furthermore, it has advantageously been possible to make the filling factor of the magnetic coil extremely large by selecting suitable insulating materials, so that the geometric dimensions are influenced in a favorable manner. In the manufacture of the excitation coil, it has proven to be extremely practical and advantageous according to the invention to place a metallic angle piece, which can be made of copper, for example, over the turns at the upper corners of the winding pack, in order to achieve a specific heat when welding in a necessary end plate To distribute turns evenly. This protects the insulation from possible breakdowns.

Als vorteilhaft hat sich ebenfalls herausgestellt, den Polschuhabstand in Längsrichtung zwischen 5 und 10 mm zu wählen. Auch ist es vorteilhaft, die Polschuhbreite nicht größer als 72 mm zu bemessen, da diese Breite in etwa der Breite der Schiene entspricht.It has also proven to be advantageous to choose the pole shoe distance in the longitudinal direction between 5 and 10 mm. It is also advantageous not to dimension the pole shoe width greater than 72 mm, since this width corresponds approximately to the width of the rail.

Ferner ist es von Vorteil, im allgemeinen zwei Magnetspulen in Reihe zu schalten, die mit einer Betriebsspannung der Erregermagnete von U=110 Volt betrieben werden.Furthermore, it is advantageous to generally connect two magnetic coils in series, which are operated with an operating voltage of the excitation magnets of U = 110 volts.

Im nun Folgenden wird die vorliegende Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen im einzelnen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen

Fig.1
eine perspektivische Ansicht des Spulenkastens mit eingebauten Trennwänden (10) und einem montierten Polschuhpaar (3);
Fig.2a
eine Vorderansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Polschuhpaars (3) mit der eingebauten im Schnitt dargestellten Erregerspule (6);
Fig.2b
eine Schnittzeichnung entlang der Schnittlinie A-B in der Fig.2a;
Fig.3
eine graphische Darstellung, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Haftkraft und der Durchflutung einerseits und der elektrischen Leistung und der Durchflutung andererseits für verschiedene vergleichbare Zwischenglieder der Magnetschienenbremse darstellt.
The present invention is described in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it
Fig. 1
a perspective view of the bobbin case with built-in partitions (10) and an assembled pair of pole pieces (3);
Fig.2a
a front view of the pole shoe pair (3) according to the invention with the built-in excitation coil (6) shown in section;
Fig.2b
a sectional drawing along the section line AB in Figure 2a;
Fig. 3
a graphic representation that shows the relationship between the adhesive force and the flow on the one hand and the electrical power and the flow on the other hand for various comparable intermediate elements of the magnetic rail brake.

In Fig.1 ist der Spulenkasten in einer perspektivischen Darstellung dargestellt. Der Spulenkasten 1 dient zur Aufnahme der zur Erzielung des notwendigen elektromagnetischen Flußes erforderlichen Wicklungen 6. In der Öffnung 9 des Spulenkastens 1, die oval oder rechteckig ausgeführt sein kann, sind in gleichmäßigen Abständen Trennwände 10 verteilt und am Spulenkasten 1 in ihren Stellungen fixiert. Zwischen je zwei derartigen Trennwänden 10 wird ein im Querschnitt U-förmiger, den magnetischen Kraftfluß aufnehmender Polschuh 3 in die Mittelöffnung 9 eingesetzt, wobei er mit seinen Schenkeln die untere Spulenkastenhälfte übergreift. Zwischen jeden dieser Polschuhe und seiner Umgebung besteht nach oben und quer zur Schienenachse so viel Spiel, daß sich die Flächen 11 an den Enden der Schenkel 3 unabhängig von der durch die Abnützung bedingten jeweiligen Formen des Schienenkopfes auf letzteren voll auflegen können. Die beiden als getrennte Teile ausgebildeten Schenkel 3 der Polschuhe werden durch Schrauben 12, welche den Stegteil durchdringen, miteinander so fest und dauerhaft verbunden, daß durch die nur einfach vorhandene Stoßstelle auch nach längerem Betrieb keine nachteilige Erhöhung des magnetischen Widerstandes bedingt ist.In Figure 1, the bobbin case is shown in a perspective view. The bobbin case 1 serves to receive the windings 6 required to achieve the necessary electromagnetic flux. In the opening 9 of the bobbin case 1, which can be oval or rectangular, dividing walls 10 are distributed at regular intervals and fixed in their positions on the bobbin case 1. Between each two such partition walls 10, a pole shoe 3 with a U-shaped cross section and receiving the magnetic force flow is inserted into the central opening 9, with its legs overlapping the lower half of the bobbin case. Between each of these pole shoes and its surroundings there is so much play upwards and transversely to the rail axis that the surfaces 11 at the ends of the legs 3 lie completely on the latter regardless of the respective shapes of the rail head caused by wear can. The two legs 3 of the pole shoes, which are designed as separate parts, are so firmly and permanently connected to one another by screws 12, which penetrate the web part, that no disadvantageous increase in the magnetic resistance is caused by the simply available joint even after prolonged operation.

Wird zwecks Durchführung einer Bremsung der Schienenbremsmagnet durch eine hier nicht gezeigte Vorrichtung auf die Schiene herabgesenkt und die Spulenwicklung unter Spannung gesetzt, so erzeugt der Stromfluß im Polschuh einen magnetischen Fluß, der durch die Polschuhe und den Schienenkopf geschlossen wird. Die Flächen 11 der Schenkel 3 werden infolgedessen in einer dem magnetischen Fluß entsprechenden Stärke auf den Schienenkopf herabgezogen und an denselben angepreßt. Die um die Längsachse des Schienenbremsmagneten vorhandenen Beweglichkeit der Polschuhe 3 läßt dabei dieselbe auch auf verschieden abgenutzten Schienenköpfen einwandfrei aufliegen und den gewünschten magnetischen Fluß sowie über den Reibschluß der Magnetschienenbremse zur Schienen eine ausreichende Bremskraft zustandekommen. Die Trennwände 10 sorgen dafür, daß sich die Polschuhe trotz ihrer Beweglichkeit gegenseitig nicht beeinträchtigen und nehmen außerdem die durch die Reibung am Schienenkopf entstehende Kräfte in den Polschuhen auf und leiten sie an den Spulenkasten 1 weiter, von welchem sie auf das abzubremsende Fahrzeug übertragen werden.If, for the purpose of braking, the rail brake magnet is lowered onto the rail by a device (not shown here) and the coil winding is set under voltage, the current flow in the pole piece generates a magnetic flux which is closed by the pole pieces and the rail head. The surfaces 11 of the legs 3 are consequently pulled down onto the rail head in a thickness corresponding to the magnetic flux and pressed against the same. The existing mobility of the pole shoes 3 about the longitudinal axis of the rail brake magnet allows the same to rest perfectly on differently worn rail heads and the desired magnetic flux and the frictional engagement of the magnetic rail brake to the rails provide sufficient braking force. The partitions 10 ensure that the pole pieces do not interfere with each other despite their mobility and also absorb the forces generated by the friction on the rail head in the pole pieces and pass them on to the coil box 1, from which they are transmitted to the vehicle to be braked.

Die Dicke der Trennwände 10 beträgt im Hinblick auf die Größe der aufzunehmenden Kräfte ca. 8 mm, ihr Abstand von Mittellinie zu Mittellinie beträgt jeweils ca. 100 mm. Eine beispielhafte Ausbildung der Polschuhe ist unter Bezugnahme auf die Fig.2a und 2b nachfolgend näher beschrieben.The thickness of the partition walls 10 is approximately 8 mm with regard to the size of the forces to be absorbed, and their distance from the center line to the center line is in each case approximately 100 mm. An exemplary embodiment of the pole shoes is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b.

In Fig.2a ist ein Glied des Spulenkastens 1 in seiner Vorderansicht mit dem Spulenkasten und der darin liegenden Windungen 6 dargestellt. Der zu magnetisierende metallische Kern der Spule 6 besteht im Prinzip aus zwei Schenkeln 3, die U-förmig über einen Steg 2 starr miteinander verbunden sind und so geformt sind, daß die Schenkelenden bis auf wenige mm mit ihrem Innenflächen aneinander kommen. Der Abstand zwischen den unteren Teilen 13 der Schenkel 3 beträgt ca. 12 mm und sollte aus physikalischen Gründen nicht weit unterschritten werden. Die Gesamtbreite beider Schenkelenden 13 plus dem Zwischenraum von ca. 12 mm beträgt 72 mm im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel, was in gewisser Hinsicht ein optimales Maß darstellt. Der Spulenträger 1 oder auch Spulenkasten dient dazu, die Windungen der Erregerspule in einer mechanisch stabilen Umrandung aufzunehmen und zusätzlich gegen Umwelteinflüsse wie Feuchtigkeit zu schützen. Diesem Zwecke dient ein Abschlußblech 8, das in engem Kontakt mit den Windungen auf die letzte Lage der Erregerspule 6 gelegt wird und an den Seiten mit dem Spulenträger 1 verschweißt wird. Hierbei entsteht punktuell eine große Wärmeentwicklung, die unter Umständen die Isolation der Wicklungen beschädigen kann. Aus diesem Grunde werden in den oberen Ecken der Magnetspule metallische Winkelbleche 7 an geeigneter Stelle auf die Wicklungen gelegt, so daß punktuell auftretende Wärme verhältnismäßig gleichmäßig auf eine Vielzahl von Windungen übertragen wird, so daß nicht die gesamte auftretende Wärmemenge von einem Punkt abgeleitet werden muß.2a shows a link of the bobbin case 1 in its front view with the bobbin case and the turns 6 therein. The metallic core of the coil 6 to be magnetized consists in principle of two legs 3 which are rigidly connected to each other in a U-shape via a web 2 and are shaped such that the ends of the legs come together with their inner surfaces to within a few mm. The distance between the lower parts 13 of the legs 3 is approximately 12 mm and should not be undercut for physical reasons. The total width of both leg ends 13 plus the space of approximately 12 mm is 72 mm in the present exemplary embodiment, which in a certain sense represents an optimal dimension. The coil carrier 1 or also the coil case serves to receive the turns of the excitation coil in a mechanically stable border and additionally to protect against environmental influences such as moisture. This purpose is served by an end plate 8 which is placed in close contact with the windings on the last position of the excitation coil 6 and is welded to the side of the coil carrier 1. This creates a large amount of heat, which can damage the insulation of the windings. For this reason, metallic angle plates 7 are placed in a suitable place on the windings in the upper corners of the magnet coil, so that heat that occurs at certain points is transferred relatively evenly to a large number of turns, so that the entire amount of heat that occurs does not have to be derived from one point.

Durch konsequente Anwendung moderner Isolationmaterialien konnte der Füllfaktor der Spule 6 gegenüber der bisherigen Ausuführungsform wesentlich erhöht werden. Durch diese Maßnahme können die Abmessungen des Spulenkastens oder Spulenträgers 1 beträchtlich reduziert werden.Through consistent use of modern insulation materials, the fill factor of the coil 6 could be increased significantly compared to the previous embodiment. With this measure, the dimensions of the bobbin case or bobbin 1 can be considerably reduced.

Weiterhin trägt zur Verringerung und Optimierung des Gewichtes bzw. der geometrischen Abmessungen die Maßnahme bei, eine wesentlich höhere Leistung in der Erregerspule in Kauf zu nehmen, als bei den vergleichbaren Erregerspulen der bekannten Magnetschienenbremse. Durch die oben getroffenen Maßnahmen wurde eine Gesamthöhe von 160 mm erzielt, gemessen von den Flächen 11 der Polschuhe bis zur Oberkante des Spulenträgers 1 bzw. des Spulenkastens. Dieses wichtige Maß sollte unter keinen Umständen überschritten werden.Furthermore, the measure of reducing and optimizing the weight or the geometrical dimensions contributes to accepting a considerably higher output in the excitation coil than with the comparable excitation coils of the known magnetic rail brake. A total height of 160 mm was achieved by the measures taken above, measured from the surfaces 11 of the pole shoes to the upper edge of the coil carrier 1 or the coil box. This important measure should under no circumstances be exceeded.

Im unteren Bereich ist das freie Ende der Schenkel 3 gegenüber seinem Ansatz am Stegteil 2 nach innen versetzt, so daß es zur Mittellinie einen Abstand von ca. 6 mm und bis zum gegenüberliegenden Schenkel einen Abstand von 10 mm aufweist. Der Querschnitt des Schenkels ist im wesentlichen rechteckig und weist in Höhe der Magnetspule eine Breite von etwa 35 mm auf. An dieser Stelle ist die Querschnittsfläche am größten und verjüngt sich nach unten zum Ende Polschuhe hin.In the lower area, the free end of the leg 3 is offset inwards relative to its shoulder on the web part 2, so that it is at a distance of approximately 6 mm from the center line and at a distance of 10 mm from the opposite leg. The cross section of the leg is essentially rectangular and has a width of approximately 35 mm at the height of the magnetic coil. At this point, the cross-sectional area is largest and tapers down towards the end of pole pieces.

Die vorstehend beschriebene Ausführungsform der Polschuhe 3 bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Glieder im Spulenkasten 1 ist besonders gut für die Fertigung der Polschuhe 3 oder wenigstens ihrer unteren Verschleißabschnitte geeignet, die den an die Flächen 11 anschließenden Vertikalbereich der Schenkel unfassen und im allgemeinen aus Stahl bestehen. Bei Fertigung der Polschuhe aus Stahl kann die Aufstandslänge der Polschuhe zu Aufschweißungen führen. Zur Vermeidung dieser Aufschweißungen kann es zweckmäßig sein, auf die Verlängerung der Schenkel in ihrem schienennahen Bereich in Schienenachsrichtung zu verzichten.The above-described embodiment of the pole shoes 3 or of the links according to the invention in the coil case 1 is particularly well suited for the manufacture of the pole shoes 3 or at least their lower wear sections which encompass the vertical region of the legs adjoining the surfaces 11 and generally consist of steel. When the pole pieces are made of steel, the contact length of the pole pieces can lead to welding. To avoid these weld-ons, it may be expedient to dispense with the extension of the legs in their area near the rail in the direction of the rail axis.

Schließlich können die Schenkelabschnitte auch unsymmetrisch ausgebildet sein. Der untere, an die Flächen 11 anschließende Abschnitt der beiden zu einem U-förmigen Gebilde zusammengefaßten Schenkel 3 ist hierbei um unterschiedliche Maße seitlich abgeköpft, wobei allerdings ihr gegenseitiger Abstand von ca. 12 mm erhalten bleibt. Der Spulenkasten befindet sich hierbei seitlich versetzt über der Schiene.Finally, the leg sections can also be designed asymmetrically. The lower section, adjoining the surfaces 11, of the two legs 3 combined into a U-shaped structure is skimmed laterally by different dimensions, although their mutual spacing of approximately 12 mm is retained. The bobbin case is laterally offset above the rail.

In Fig.2 wird eine Teilschnittzeichnung entlang der in Fig.1 gezeigten Schnittlinie A-B gezeigt. Hieraus ist ersichtlich, daß der Fuß 13 der Schenkel 3 eine Länge von ca. 90 mm aufweist.2 shows a partial sectional drawing along the section line AB shown in FIG. From this it can be seen that the foot 13 of the legs 3 has a length of approximately 90 mm.

Fig.3 ist eine graphische Darstellung, in der der Zusammenhang zwischen Haftkraft und Durchflutung des Eisenkerns einerseits, bzw. der Zusammenhang zwischen elektrischer Leistung und der Durchflutung andererseits für die optimierte Magnetschienenbremsen dargestellt sind. In der unteren Kurve 14 ist die elektrische Leistung (Pe) in (kW) als Funktion der Durchflutung (kA) aufgezeigt, die bei etwa 45 Ampère Nennstrom etwa 1,45 kW beträgt. Dies stellt zwar eine verhältnismäßig große Leistung dar, ist jedoch infolge moderner Spulentechnologie und nur kurzzeitigen Betriebsweise der Magnetschienenbremse zu verkraften, so daß keine übermäßige Erwärmung der Spulen bzw. des metallischen Kerns auftritt wie bereits erwähnt, stellt die strichpunktierte Kurve (Pe) die elektrische Leistung dar. Sie zeigt im unteren Bereich einen flacheren Anstieg als im oberen Breich. Das hängt unmittelbar mit der Charakteristik der Magnetisierung des Kerns zusammen, der bei geringen Stromstärken durch die Spule 6 verhältnisnäßig stärker magnetisiert wird als im oberen Sättigungsbereich.3 is a graphical representation in which the relationship between the adhesive force and the flux through the iron core, on the one hand, and the relationship between electrical power and the flux, on the other hand, are shown for the optimized magnetic rail brakes. The lower curve 14 shows the electrical power (Pe) in (kW) as a function of the flow (kA), which is approximately 1.45 kW at a nominal current of approximately 45 amperes. Although this represents a relatively large output, due to modern coil technology and only a short-term operation of the magnetic rail brake, so that no excessive heating of the coils or the metallic core occurs, as already mentioned, the dash-dotted curve (Pe) represents the electrical power It shows a flatter rise in the lower area than in the upper area. This is directly related to the characteristic of the magnetization of the core, which is magnetized relatively more strongly by the coil 6 at low currents than in the upper saturation range.

Die durchgezogene Kurve (FH) stellt die Haftkraft 15 des gewichtsoptimierten Magneten Nb.Gl. dar. Hier ist, ebenfalls bedingt durch die Charakteristik der Magnetisierungskurve des Kerns, im unteren Bereich ein starker Anstieg zu verzeichnen, während im oberen Bereich nur eine geringe Zunahme der Haftkraft bei proportional ansteigender Durchflutung zu verzeichnen ist.The solid curve (F H ) represents the adhesive force 15 of the weight-optimized magnet Nb.Gl. Here, also due to the characteristic of the magnetization curve of the core, there is a strong increase in the lower area, while in the upper area there is only a slight increase in the adhesive force with proportionally increasing flow.

Alles in allem zeichnet sich die erfindungsgemäße optimierte Magnetschienenbremse durch ein verhältnismäßig kleines Gewicht, eine niedrige Bauhöhe und ökonomisch vertretbare Herstellungs- und Materialkosten aus, wobei eine Haftkraft von 85 kN bei einer elektrischen Leistung von 1,45 kW gewährleistet wird.All in all, the optimized magnetic rail brake according to the invention is characterized by a relatively small weight, a low overall height and economically justifiable manufacturing and material costs, an adhesive force of 85 kN with an electrical output of 1.45 kW being guaranteed.

Kurzfassung:Short version:

Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung wird eine Magnetschienenbremse vorgestellt, die insbesondere für Schienenfahrzeuge geeignet ist. Die Magnetschienenbremse besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Spulenkörper (1) und mehreren Gliedern, die durch Trennwände (10) voneinander getrennt sind, wobei die Glieder aus zwei magnetischen Polschuhen (3) bestehen und mit einem Stegteil (2) starr miteinander verbunden sind. Die Magnetschienenbremse zeichnet sich insbesondere durch ihre geringe Gesamtbauhöhe und ihr verhältnismäßig geringes Gewicht aus. Die im vorliegenden Fall gewählte Betriebsspannung der Magnete beträgt U=110 Volt. Der Nennstrom beträgt etwa 40 Ampère bei einer Nennleistung von etwa 1,45 kW.The present invention presents a magnetic rail brake which is particularly suitable for rail vehicles. The magnetic rail brake consists essentially of one Coil body (1) and a plurality of links which are separated from one another by partitions (10), the links consisting of two magnetic pole shoes (3) and being rigidly connected to one another by a web part (2). The magnetic rail brake is characterized in particular by its low overall height and its relatively low weight. The operating voltage of the magnets selected in the present case is U = 110 volts. The nominal current is approximately 40 amperes with a nominal power of approximately 1.45 kW.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

11
SpulenträgerkastenBobbin case
22nd
Stegweb
33rd
Polschuh-SchenkelPole shoe leg
44th
Hohlraumcavity
55
66
WindungswicklungWinding winding
77
WinkelblechAngle plate
88th
AbdeckblechCover plate
99
MittelöffnungMiddle opening
1010th
TrennwändePartitions
1111
AuflageflächeContact surface
1212
SchraubenScrews
1313
Polschuhend-TeilePole end parts
1414
elektrische Leistungelectrical power
1515
HaftkraftAdhesive force

Claims (11)

Magnetschienenbremse mit im Querschnitt U-förmigen, symmetrisch oder unsymmetrsich zu einer Mittellinie ausgebildeten Polschuhen (3), wobei die geschwungenen, metallischen, magnetischen Schenkel (3) in der Mitte einen Hohlraum (4) bilden in dem ein passender Spulenkörper (5) eingepasst wird, der das Stegteil (2) der Polschuhe (3) umgibt, wobei die gesamte Bauhöhe von der Auflagefläche (11) der Polschuhe (3) auf die Schienen bis zur Oberkante des Spulenkörpers (1) nicht größer als 170 mm ist; - die lichten Maße (LxBxH) zur Aufnahme der Windungen (6) des Spulenkörpers (1) 60x30x5 mm nicht übersteigen; - die Bauhöhe der metallischen, magnetischen Polschuhe (3) 130 mm nicht übersteigt; - die Nenn-Leistung der Spule (6) 1,45 kW/m nicht überschreitet. Magnetic rail brake with pole shoes (3) which are U-shaped in cross section, symmetrical or asymmetrical to a center line, the curved, metallic, magnetic legs (3) forming a cavity (4) in the middle in which a suitable coil former (5) is fitted , which surrounds the web part (2) of the pole shoes (3), the total height from the contact surface (11) of the pole shoes (3) on the rails to the upper edge of the coil former (1) being not greater than 170 mm; - the clear dimensions (LxWxH) for receiving the turns (6) of the coil body (1) do not exceed 60x30x5 mm; - The overall height of the metallic, magnetic pole shoes (3) does not exceed 130 mm; - The nominal power of the coil (6) does not exceed 1.45 kW / m. Magnetschienenbremse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den beiden oberen Ecken der Spule (6) über die Windungen ein metallisches Winkelstück (7) gebracht wird, das eine punktuelle Wärme beim Einschweißen eines Abschlußbleches (8) gleichmäßig verteilt.Magnetic rail brake according to claim 1, characterized in that a metallic angle piece (7) is placed over the windings at the two upper corners of the coil (6), which evenly distributes a selective heat when welding in an end plate (8). Magnetschienenbremse nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das metallische Winkelstück (7) aus gut wärmeleitendem Material wie Kupfer (Cu) besteht.Magnetic rail brake according to claim 2, characterized in that the metallic angle piece (7) consists of a good heat-conducting material such as copper (Cu). Magnetschienenbremse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolierung der Windungen der Spule (6) extrem dünn ist, so daß der Füllfaktor groß ist.Magnetic rail brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation of the turns of the coil (6) is extremely thin, so that the fill factor is large. Magnetschienenbremse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polschuhbreite nicht größer als 72 mm und die Polschuhhöhe zwischen 10 und 20 mm liegt.Magnetic rail brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole shoe width is not greater than 72 mm and the pole shoe height is between 10 and 20 mm. Magnetschienenbremse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Polschuhabstand in Schienen-Querrichtung nicht größer als 12 mm ist.Magnetic rail brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole shoe distance in the transverse direction of the rail is not greater than 12 mm. Magnetschienenbremse nach einen der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Magnetspule (6) eine Hochleistungsspule ist, mit extrem günstigen Füllfaktor.Magnetic rail brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic coil (6) is a high-performance coil with an extremely favorable fill factor. Magnetschienenbremse nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebsspannung der Elektromagnete U = 110 Volt beträgt und zwei Magnetspulen jeweils in Reihe geschaltet sind.Magnetic rail brake according to claim 7, characterized in that the operating voltage of the electromagnets is U = 110 volts and two magnet coils are each connected in series. Magnetschienenbremse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Haftkraft ca. 85 kN beträgt.Magnetic rail brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive force is approximately 85 kN. Magnetschienenbremse nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polschuhe (3) im Bereich unterhalb des Steges (2) nach innen abgestuft ausgebildet sind und die Polschuhe (3) im Bereich des Spulenkörpers (1) eine Stärke quer zur Schienenachse von ca. 35 mm aufweisen.Magnetic rail brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole shoes (3) are stepped inwards in the region below the web (2) and the pole shoes (3) in the region of the coil former (1) have a thickness transverse to the rail axis of approx. 35 mm. Magnetschienenbremse nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polschuhe (3) in ihrem unteren Bereich beiderseits in Richtung der Schienenachse eine Länge von ca. 20 mm, ausgehend von der unteren Auflagefläche (11) bis zur Krümmung der Außenfläche der Polschuhe (3) aufweisen.Magnetic rail brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole shoes (3) in their lower region on both sides in the direction of the rail axis have a length of approximately 20 mm, starting from the lower contact surface (11) up to the curvature of the outer surface of the pole shoes (3 ) exhibit.
EP93109865A 1992-06-23 1993-06-21 Magnetic rail brake device Expired - Lifetime EP0575935B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9208380U 1992-06-23
DE9208380U DE9208380U1 (en) 1992-06-23 1992-06-23 Magnetic rail brake

Publications (2)

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EP0575935A1 true EP0575935A1 (en) 1993-12-29
EP0575935B1 EP0575935B1 (en) 1998-02-18

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EP93109865A Expired - Lifetime EP0575935B1 (en) 1992-06-23 1993-06-21 Magnetic rail brake device

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EP (1) EP0575935B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0678517A (en)
AT (1) ATE163282T1 (en)
DE (2) DE9208380U1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005100123A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2005-10-27 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Magnetic rail brake device comprising a flat brake magnet
CN102991528A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-03-27 镇江电磁设备厂有限责任公司 Magnetic rail brake electromagnet
EP3655305B1 (en) 2017-07-17 2021-09-08 Knorr-Bremse Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Magnetic brake for a rail vehicle with reduced size wear parts of the end pieces

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1022885C2 (en) 2003-03-10 2004-09-13 Walker Europ Holding B V Electrically operated magnetic rail brake device, as well as device movable along one or more rails, provided with a rail brake device.
DE102017006732A1 (en) * 2017-07-17 2019-01-17 Knorr-Bremse Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Magnetic rail brake device of a rail vehicle with an enlarged winding space

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE662235C (en) * 1934-03-02 1938-07-08 Aeg Coil for rail brake magnets, enclosed in a metal housing and surrounded by insulation
DE2720815A1 (en) * 1977-05-09 1978-11-23 Knorr Bremse Gmbh MAGNETIC RAIL BRAKE
FR2409179A1 (en) * 1977-11-22 1979-06-15 Knorr Bremse Gmbh Rail brake magnet energising winding - has thin fibre-chain mesh to cladding wall interior, and non-ferrous metal encasing top edges

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5288291A (en) * 1976-01-19 1977-07-23 Hitachi Ltd Process and apparatus for regeneration of activated carbon

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE662235C (en) * 1934-03-02 1938-07-08 Aeg Coil for rail brake magnets, enclosed in a metal housing and surrounded by insulation
DE2720815A1 (en) * 1977-05-09 1978-11-23 Knorr Bremse Gmbh MAGNETIC RAIL BRAKE
FR2409179A1 (en) * 1977-11-22 1979-06-15 Knorr Bremse Gmbh Rail brake magnet energising winding - has thin fibre-chain mesh to cladding wall interior, and non-ferrous metal encasing top edges

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005100123A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2005-10-27 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Magnetic rail brake device comprising a flat brake magnet
CN102991528A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-03-27 镇江电磁设备厂有限责任公司 Magnetic rail brake electromagnet
EP3655305B1 (en) 2017-07-17 2021-09-08 Knorr-Bremse Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Magnetic brake for a rail vehicle with reduced size wear parts of the end pieces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE163282T1 (en) 1998-03-15
EP0575935B1 (en) 1998-02-18
DE59308153D1 (en) 1998-03-26
JPH0678517A (en) 1994-03-18
DE9208380U1 (en) 1992-08-13

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