EP0570863B1 - Surveillance radar antenna in flat configuration - Google Patents
Surveillance radar antenna in flat configuration Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0570863B1 EP0570863B1 EP93107897A EP93107897A EP0570863B1 EP 0570863 B1 EP0570863 B1 EP 0570863B1 EP 93107897 A EP93107897 A EP 93107897A EP 93107897 A EP93107897 A EP 93107897A EP 0570863 B1 EP0570863 B1 EP 0570863B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radar antenna
- transmitters
- omnidirectional radar
- polarisation
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
- H01Q13/0258—Orthomode horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a search radar antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Radar antennas with a variety of in rows and columns arranged single spotlights, which are open to the front Waveguide radiators are also formed known with electronically phase controlled antennas (M. I. Skolnik: “Introduction to Radar Systems", Second Edition, MacGraw Hill, 1980, pages 305 and 306).
- phase-controlled antennas Although can be trained relatively flat, but is not All-round search possible. There are several such antennas required.
- the object of the invention is to provide a highly mobile, circular search antenna in flat design rotating about a vertical axis, which can be switched between exact linear and circular polarization operation and has very low secondary peaks in the azimuth diagram.
- Linear polarization is switched on when the 0 ° / 90 ° phase shifter is switched to 0 °, so that at the not only two coupling devices of each radiator matching amplitude, but also phase relationships consist.
- Circular polarization exists if the 0 ° / 90 ° phase shifter is set to 90 ° so that on the two coupling devices have the same amplitude, but there are different phase relationships by 90 °. Is a switchable in each of the two feed routes 0 ° / 90 ° phase shifter inserted, so you can between select left or right circular polarization, each after which phase shifter is set to 90 °.
- the search radar antenna can an IFF antenna (Identification-Friend-Foe; Friend-foe identifier).
- IFF antenna Identity-Friend-Foe; Friend-foe identifier.
- the carrier plate advantageously one or more Rows of forward-facing dipole radiators or one grid-like emitter structure on a dielectric Plate arranged, the leads to the dipole radiators or to the lattice-like radiator structure the carrier plate and between the distributors or in part through this to an IFF distributor located behind it be carried out with sum-difference hybrid.
- An SLS radiator can still be found on the top of the antenna for the purpose of suppression of the sidelobes attach.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view in FIG with a vertical axis rotating search radar antenna Integrated IFF antenna shown in flat design.
- the Radar antenna itself consists of a variety of horizontal ones Rows and vertical columns arranged Single radiators through waveguide radiators open to the front 1 are formed, each in front Funnel attachment 12, e.g. have a diagonal funnel.
- a support plate is used to hold the waveguide radiator 1 2 provided for the inclusion or formation of Waveguide radiators 1 has openings 3.
- Behind the Carrier plate 2 are one column for the radiators to supply these spotlights with a provided
- the amplitude and phase are each perpendicular Waveguide trained vertical distributor 10 arranged.
- a vertical distributor 10 is thus provided for each column.
- the inputs of all vertical distributors 10 are of correspondingly arranged exits one behind horizontally extending horizontal distributor 11 fed.
- the horizontal distributor 11 is over with its input a feed line with the actual radar device connected.
- the carrier plate 2 can for example be made of Metal, especially aluminum, or metallized Plastic.
- the waveguide radiators 1 also be metallized with their funnel extensions 12.
- Fig. 2 is a perspective view another embodiment of a vertical Axis rotating search radar antenna according to the invention shown.
- This antenna is what the primary radar is relates, constructed in exactly the same way as the antenna according to FIG. 1.
- IFF dipoles are, however, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 not available, so that a radome 19 as a flat plate applied directly to the carrier plate 2 at the front can become and thereby a much flatter Design results.
- FIGs 3, 4 and 5 are views of a similar one Embodiment of a search radar antenna according to the Invention from the front, from the side or from above shown.
- the front with a funnel approach e.g. a pyramid funnel 12 or Diagonal funnels 13 are provided, are two by 90 ° offset coupling devices 4, 5 for double feeding provided coaxially from the back of the lamp he follows.
- a polarization switching device 6 provided, by means of which by pressing a are also located on the back of the heater 0 ° / 90 ° phase shifter 7 a switch between one can make linear and circular polarization.
- Switchable Phase shifters 7 are in the two feed paths 8, 9 to the coupling devices spatially offset by 90 ° 4, 5 inserted. Are the two phase shifters 7 each switch 6 is set to 0 °, so lies linear polarization. When switching on the 90 ° phase shift arises in one of the two phase shifters 7 left circular and when switching on the 90 ° phase shift in the other phase shifter 7 right circular Polarization, with 0 ° in the other phase shifter is set.
- the use of a double 0 ° / ⁇ 90 ° phase shifter combination allows one more Polarization switch: horizontal-vertical.
- radiators 1 each have a column to supply them Radiator 1 with an intended amplitude and phase one of the vertical vertical distributors 10 arranged.
- the inputs of all vertical distributors 10 are of appropriately arranged outputs of the behind it horizontal horizontal distributor 11 fed.
- the amplitude distribution along the horizontal distributor 11 is set so that a very high radian antenna sub-zip attenuation results.
- one of the waveguide radiators 1 has one Funnel approach, which is designed as a diagonal funnel 13 is.
- the two coupling devices offset by 90 ° 14, 15 for double feed are here ⁇ 45 ° spatially offset from the horizontal plane.
- the two coupling devices 14, 15 with the same Phase and amplitude excited is a funnel approach 12 provided in the form of a pyramid funnel.
- a linear polarization occurs below 45 ° to the horizontal plane.
- the Switching between horizontal and circular polarization is done in all cases by switching on a 0 ° / 90 ° phase shifter 7 in one of the two feed paths 8, 9 of each polarization switching device 6.
- the vertical distributors 10 can be serial, parallel, in phase (equiphase) or operated in different phases.
- the vertical distributor 10 the waveguide radiator 1 with that for a cosecans-shaped vertical diagram supply the necessary phase.
- Special phase shifters can also be provided in the polarization switching devices for setting a special radiation diagram, for example a cosec 2 characteristic.
- the polarization switching devices 6 can also additionally contain switchable phase shifters which allow the switching on of another beam shape, for example a pencil or fan beam instead of a cosec 2 characteristic.
- the multiple version of the 0 ° / 90 ° phase shifter 7 for polarization switching in the polarization switching devices 6 can also be a double version all distributors 10, 11, i.e. two vertical distributors per spotlight column and one horizontal distributor for one of the two vertical distributors of all Radiator columns, and a one-time 0 ° / 90 ° or 0 ° / ⁇ 90 ° phase switch be applied.
- All vertical distributors 10 can also be in one Work in the common plate.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Rundsuchradarantenne
gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a search radar antenna
according to the preamble of
Gewöhnliche Rundsuchradarantennen sind als Reflektorantennen aufgebaut und weisen eine verhältnismäßig große Bautiefe auf, was den Anforderungen an hohe Mobilität oft entgegensteht. Außerdem genügen Reflektorantennen oft nicht den Ansprüchen an niedrige Nebenzipfel und eine umschaltbare Polarisation:linear-zirkular.Ordinary circular search radar antennas are used as reflector antennas built and have a relatively large Depth, which often meets the requirements for high mobility opposes. In addition, reflector antennas are often sufficient not the demands of low side lobes and one switchable polarization: linear-circular.
Es bestehen deswegen bereits Bemühungen, Rundsuchradarantennen in Flachbauweise zu realisieren. Diese Bemühungen münden jedoch bislang in verhältnismäßig aufwendigen oder wenig gut aufeinander abgestimmten Kombinationen von Strahlern (z.B. Patch-Strahler, offene Hohlleiter), Polarisationsumschaltungen (Septum) und Verteilern (Streifenleitungen, Koaxalleitungen, Hohlleiter).Efforts have therefore already been made to search radar antennas to be realized in flat construction. This effort so far, however, have resulted in relatively complex or little well coordinated combinations of Radiators (e.g. patch radiators, open waveguides), polarization switches (Septum) and distributors (strip lines, Coaxial cables, waveguides).
Radarantennen mit einer Vielzahl von in Reihen und Spalten angeordneten Einzelstrahlern, die durch nach vorne offene Hohlleiterstrahler gebildet werden, sind auch im Zusammenhang mit elektronisch phasengesteuerten Antennen bekannt (M. I. Skolnik: "Introduction to Radar Systems", Second Edition, MacGraw Hill, 1980, Seiten 305 und 306). Mit derartigen phasengesteuerten Antennen, die sich zwar verhältnismäßig flach ausbilden lassen, ist jedoch keine Rundumsuche möglich. Dazu sind mehrere solche Antennen erforderlich.Radar antennas with a variety of in rows and columns arranged single spotlights, which are open to the front Waveguide radiators are also formed known with electronically phase controlled antennas (M. I. Skolnik: "Introduction to Radar Systems", Second Edition, MacGraw Hill, 1980, pages 305 and 306). With such phase-controlled antennas, although can be trained relatively flat, but is not All-round search possible. There are several such antennas required.
Aus der US 4,527,165 ist eine Antenne für zirkular polarisierte Signale bekannt, die in eine Schichtstruktur eingebrachte Wellenleiter und Hornstrahler aufweist. Die Trennung zwischen zwei Erregernetzwerken für eine zirkulare Polarisation durch eine Zwischenschicht führt jedoch zu einer voluminösen Bauform. An antenna for circularly polarized is known from US Pat. No. 4,527,165 Known signals introduced into a layer structure Has waveguides and horn radiators. The separation between two excitation networks for circular polarization through an intermediate layer, however, leads to a voluminous Design.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine hochmobile, um eine Vertikalachse rotierende Rundsuchradarantenne in Flachbauweise zu schaffen, die zwischen exaktem Linear- und Zirkular-Polarisationsbetrieb umschaltbar ist und sehr niedrige Nebenzipfel im Azimutdiagramm aufweist. Außerdem sollen sich ohne Schwierigkeiten ein cosec2-Diagramm in der Elevationsebene erzeugen und IFF-Strahler integrieren lassen.The object of the invention is to provide a highly mobile, circular search antenna in flat design rotating about a vertical axis, which can be switched between exact linear and circular polarization operation and has very low secondary peaks in the azimuth diagram. In addition, it should be possible to generate a cosec 2 diagram in the elevation plane without difficulty and to integrate IFF emitters.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen Rundsuchradarantenne
durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs
1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Die Rundsuchradarantenne
nach der Erfindung ist für eine Frequenz bandbreite
geeignet, die mindestens 10 % beträgt. Die hinter
der Trägerplatte angeordneten Verteiler lassen sich sehr
kompakt gestalten, so daß die gesamte Antenne extrem flach
und damit für hohe Mobilität geeignet aufgebaut werden
kann.This task is carried out with a generic search radar antenna
by the in the characterizing part of the
Linearpolarisation ist dann eingeschaltet, wenn der 0°/90°-Phasenschieber auf 0° geschaltet ist, so daß an den beiden Einkoppeleinrichtungen jedes Strahlers nicht nur übereinstimmende Amplituden-, sondern auch Phasenverhältnisse bestehen. Zirkularpolarisation liegt dann vor, wenn der 0°/90°-Phasenschieber auf 90° gestellt ist, so daß an den beiden Einkoppeleinrichtungen zwar gleiche Amplituden-, aber um 90° unterschiedliche Phasenverhältnisse bestehen. Ist in jedem der beiden Speisewege ein umschaltbarer 0°/90°-Phasenschieber eingefügt, so läßt sich zwischen links- oder rechtszirkularer Polarisation auswählen, je nachdem, welcher Phasenschieber auf 90° gestellt ist.Linear polarization is switched on when the 0 ° / 90 ° phase shifter is switched to 0 °, so that at the not only two coupling devices of each radiator matching amplitude, but also phase relationships consist. Circular polarization exists if the 0 ° / 90 ° phase shifter is set to 90 ° so that on the two coupling devices have the same amplitude, but there are different phase relationships by 90 °. Is a switchable in each of the two feed routes 0 ° / 90 ° phase shifter inserted, so you can between select left or right circular polarization, each after which phase shifter is set to 90 °.
Mit der Rundsuchradarantenne nach der Erfindung läßt sich ohne große Probleme eine IFF-Antenne (Identification-Friend-Foe; Freund-Feind-Kennung) integrieren. Dazu werden vor der Trägerplatte in vorteilhafter Weise eine oder mehr Reihen von nach vorne abragenden Dipolstrahlern oder eine gitterartige Strahlerstruktur auf einer dielektrischen Platte angeordnet, wobei die Zuleitungen zu den Dipolstrahlern bzw. zur gitterartigen Strahlerstruktur durch die Trägerplatte und zwischen den Verteilern bzw. zum Teil durch diese hindurch zu einem dahinter liegenden IFF-Verteiler mit Summen-Differenz-Hybrid durchgeführt werden. Auf der Oberseite der Antenne läßt sich noch ein SLS-Strahler zum Zwecke der Nebenzipfelsignalunterdrückung anbringen.With the search radar antenna according to the invention can an IFF antenna (Identification-Friend-Foe; Friend-foe identifier). To do this in front of the carrier plate advantageously one or more Rows of forward-facing dipole radiators or one grid-like emitter structure on a dielectric Plate arranged, the leads to the dipole radiators or to the lattice-like radiator structure the carrier plate and between the distributors or in part through this to an IFF distributor located behind it be carried out with sum-difference hybrid. An SLS radiator can still be found on the top of the antenna for the purpose of suppression of the sidelobes attach.
Weitere zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Further expedient developments of the invention are in specified in the subclaims.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von in fünf Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert.The invention is described in the following in five figures illustrated embodiments explained.
Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- die Schrägansicht einer Rundsuchradarantenne nach der Erfindung mit integrierter IFF-Antenne in Flachbauweise,
- Fig. 2
- die Schrägansicht einer Rundsuchradarantenne nach der Erfindung ohne IFF-Antenne,
- Fig. 3, 4 und 5
- Ansichten auf eine ähnliche Antenne wie nach Fig. 2 von vorne, von der Seite bzw. von oben.
- Fig. 1
- the oblique view of a search radar antenna according to the invention with integrated IFF antenna in a flat design,
- Fig. 2
- the oblique view of a search radar antenna according to the invention without IFF antenna,
- 3, 4 and 5
- Views of a similar antenna as shown in FIG. 2 from the front, from the side or from above.
In einer perspektivischen Ansicht ist in Fig. 1 eine um
eine vertikale Achse rotierende Rundsuchradarantenne mit
integrierter IFF-Antenne in Flachbauweise dargestellt. Die
Radarantenne selbst besteht aus einer Vielzahl von in horizontalen
Reihen und vertikalen Spalten angeordneten
Einzelstrahlern, die durch nach vorne offene Hohlleiterstrahler
1 gebildet werden, die vorne jeweils einen
Trichteransatz 12, z.B. einen Diagonaltrichter, aufweisen.
Zur Halterung der Hohlleiterstrahler 1 ist eine Trägerplatte
2 vorgesehen, die zur Aufnahme oder Bildung von
Hohlleiterstrahlern 1 Öffnungen 3 aufweist. Hinter der
Trägerplatte 2 sind für die Strahler jeweils einer Spalte
zur Versorgung dieser Strahler mit einer vorgesehenen
Amplitude und Phase jeweils als senkrecht verlaufende
Hohlleiter ausgebildete Vertikalverteiler 10 angeordnet.
Für jede Spalte ist somit ein Vertikalverteiler 10 vorgesehen.
Die Eingänge sämtlicher Vertikalverteiler 10 sind
von entsprechend angeordneten Ausgängen eines dahinter
waagrecht verlaufenden Horizontalverteilers 11 gespeist.
Der Horizontalverteiler 11 ist mit seinem Eingang über
eine Speiseleitung mit dem eigentlichen Radargerät
verbunden. Die Trägerplatte 2 kann beispielsweise aus
Metall, insbesondere Aluminium, oder metallisiertem
Kunststoff bestehen. Dabei können die Hohlleiterstrahler 1
mit ihren Trichteransätzen 12 ebenfalls metallisiert sein.1 is a perspective view in FIG
with a vertical axis rotating search radar antenna
Integrated IFF antenna shown in flat design. The
Radar antenna itself consists of a variety of horizontal ones
Rows and vertical columns arranged
Single radiators through waveguide radiators open to the
Zur Realisierung einer integrierten IFF-Antenne sind auf
der Trägerplatte 2 im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel
drei Reihen von nach vorn abragenden Dipolstrahlern 16
angeordnet, wobei die vordere Oberfläche der Trägerplatte
2 als Reflektor genutzt wird. Die Zuleitungen 17 zu den
Dipolstrahlern 16 sind durch die Trägerplatte 2 und
teilweise durch den Horizontalverteiler 11 sowie zwischen
den Vertikalverteilern 10 zu einem dahinter liegenden, in
Fig. 1 nicht sichtbaren IFF-Verteiler mit Summen-Differenz-Hybrid
durchgeführt. Die Trägerplatte 2 mit den
Öffnungen aller darin aufgenommenen Hohlleiterstrahler 1
und die IFF-Dipolstrahler 16 sind aperturseitig von einem
verlustarmen Radom 18 abgedeckt.To realize an integrated IFF antenna are on
the
In Fig. 2 ist in einer perspektivischen Ansicht ein
anderes Ausführungsbeispiel einer sich um eine vertikale
Achse drehenden Rundsuchradarantenne nach der Erfindung
dargestellt. Diese Antenne ist, was das Primärradar
betrifft, genauso aufgebaut wie die Antenne nach Fig. 1.
IFF-Dipole sind jedoch im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2
nicht vorhanden, so daß ein Radom 19 als ebene Platte
unmittelbar auf die Trägerplatte 2 vorne aufgebracht
werden kann und sich dadurch eine noch erheblich flachere
Bauform ergibt.In Fig. 2 is a perspective view
another embodiment of a vertical
Axis rotating search radar antenna according to the invention
shown. This antenna is what the primary radar is
relates, constructed in exactly the same way as the antenna according to FIG. 1.
IFF dipoles are, however, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2
not available, so that a
In den Figuren 3, 4 und 5 sind Ansichten eines ähnlichen
Ausführungsbeispiels einer Rundsuchradarantenne nach der
Erfindung von vorne, von der Seite bzw. von oben
dargestellt. In den Hohlleiterstrahlern 1, die vorne mit
einem Trichteransatz, z.B. einem Pyramidentrichter 12 oder
Diagonaltrichter 13, versehen sind, sind zwei um 90°
versetzte Einkoppeleinrichtungen 4, 5 zur Doppeleinspeisung
vorgesehen, die koaxial von der Strahlerrückseite her
erfolgt. An der Rückseite der Hohlleiterstrahler 1 ist
jeweils eine Polarisations-Umschalteinrichtung 6
vorgesehen, mittels welcher sich durch Betätigung eines
sich somit ebenfalls an der Strahlerrückseite befindenden
0°/90°-Phasenschiebers 7 eine Umschaltung zwischen einer
linearen und zirkularer Polarisation vornehmen läßt. Umschaltbare
Phasenschieber 7 sind in den beiden Speisewegen
8, 9 zu den räumlich um 90° versetzten Einkoppeleinrichtungen
4, 5 eingefügt. Sind die beiden Phasenschieber 7
jeder Umschalteinrichtung 6 auf 0° gestellt, so liegt
lineare Polarisation vor. Bei Einschaltung der 90°-Phasenverschiebung
in einem der beiden Phasenschieber 7 entsteht
linkszirkulare und bei Einschaltung der 90°-Phasenverschiebung
im anderen Phasenschieber 7 rechtszirkulare
Polarisation, wobei jeweils im anderen Phasenschieber 0°
eingestellt ist. Die Anwendung einer doppelten 0°/±90°-Phasenschieberkombination
erlaubt zusätzlich noch eine
Polarisationsumschaltung: horizontal-vertikal. Hinter den
Polarisations-Umschalteinrichtungen 6 und zwar hinter der
Zusammenführung 20 der beiden Speisewege 8 und 9 ist für
alle Strahler 1 jeweils einer Spalte zur Versorgung dieser
Strahler 1 mit einer vorgesehenen Ampltude und Phase
jeweils einer der senkrecht verlaufenden Vertikalverteiler
10 angeordnet. Die Eingänge sämtlicher Vertikalverteiler
10 sind von entsprechend angeordneten Ausgängen des
dahinter waagrecht verlaufenden Horizontalverteilers 11
gespeist. Die Amplitudenverteilung entlang dem Horizontalverteiler
11 wird so eingestellt, daß sich eine sehr
hohe Nebenzipfeldämpfung der Radarantenne ergibt.Figures 3, 4 and 5 are views of a similar one
Embodiment of a search radar antenna according to the
Invention from the front, from the side or from above
shown. In the
In Fig. 3 weist einer der Hohlleiterstrahler 1 einen
Trichteransatz auf, der als Diagonaltrichter 13 ausgebildet
ist. Die beiden um 90° versetzten Einkoppeleinrichtungen
14, 15 zur Doppeleinspeisung sind hierbei unter
± 45° gegenüber der Horizontalebene räumlich versetzt. Zur
Erzeugung einer horizontal polarisierten Strahlung werden
die beiden Einkoppeleinrichtungen 14, 15 mit gleicher
Phase und Amplitude erregt. Bei den anderen beispielhaft
ausgeführten Hohlleiterstrahlern 1 ist ein Trichteransatz
12 in Form eines Pyramidentrichters vorgesehen. Werden
dort die beiden um 90° versetzten Einkoppeleinrichtungen
4, 5 zur Doppeleinspeisung mit gleichen Amplituden und
Phasen erregt, dann entsteht eine Linearpolarisation unter
45° gegenüber der Horizontalebene. In diesem Zusammenhang
wird darauf hingewiesen, daß in einer Antenne selbstverständlich
lediglich gleichartige Hohlleiterstrahler
Anwendung finden können, z.B. also ausschließlich solche
mit Pyramidentrichteransatz oder Diagonaltrichter. Die
Umschaltung zwischen horizontaler und zirkularer Polarisation
erfolgt in allen Fällen durch Einschalten eines
0°/90°-Phasenschiebers 7 in einen der beiden Speisewege 8,
9 jeder Polarisations-Umschalteinrichtung 6. Die Vertikalverteiler
10 können seriell, parallel, gleichphasig
(equiphase) oder phasenunterschiedlich betrieben werden.
So können z.B. die Vertikalverteiler 10 die Hohlleiterstrahler
1 mit der für ein cosecansförmiges Vertikaldiagramm
notwendigen Phase versorgen.In Fig. 3, one of the
In den Polarisations-Umschalteinrichtungen können auch
besondere Phasenschieber zur Einstellung eines besonderen
Strahlungsdiagramms, z.B. einer cosec2-Charakteristik,
vorgesehen sein. Es können in den Polarisations-Umschalteinrichtungen
6 auch noch zusätzlich einschaltbare
Phasenschieber enthalten sein, welche die Einschaltung
einer anderen Strahlform erlauben, z.B. anstelle einer
cosec2-Charakteristik einen Bleistift- oder Fächerstrahl.Special phase shifters can also be provided in the polarization switching devices for setting a special radiation diagram, for example a cosec 2 characteristic. The
Alternativ zu der Vielfachausführung des 0°/90°-Phasenschiebers
7 zur Polarisationsumschaltung in den Polarisations-Umschalteinrichtungen
6 kann auch eine Doppelausführung
aller Verteiler 10, 11, d.h. zwei Vertikalverteiler
pro Strahlerspalte und ein Horizontalverteiler
für jeweils einen der beiden Vertikalverteiler aller
Strahlerspalten, und eine einmalige 0°/90°- oder 0°/±90°-Phasenumschaltung
angewendet werden.As an alternative to the multiple version of the 0 ° / 90 °
Alle Vertikalverteiler 10 lassen sich auch in einer
gemeinsamen Platte einarbeiten.All
Claims (20)
- An omnidirectional radar antenna which rotates about a vertical axis, is of a flat-pack design and has a plurality of individual transmitters which are disposed in rows and columns and are formed by hollow conductor transmitters open to the front, the said antenna having a supporting plate (2) in which are mounted the hollow conductor transmitters (1) and which has apertures (3) to accommodate or form waveguide transmitters, and having two coupling devices (4, 5) offset by 90° in the waveguide transmitters in order to provide a two-source mains infeed, the waveguide transmitters being in the form of hollow conductor transmitters, the two-source mains infeed being effected from the rear side of the transmitters, and the rear side of the transmitters being provided with a polarisation reversal device (6),
characterisedin that reversal between linear and circular polarisation is effected by means of the polarisation reversal device (6), by operation of a 0°/90° phase shifter (7) likewise disposed on the rear side of the transmitters and inserted into one of the two supply paths (8, 9) to the coupling devices which are spatially offset by 90°,in that, behind the polarisation reversal devices (6), namely behind the junction (20) of the two supply paths, there is disposed a vertical distributor (10) in the form of a vertically extending hollow conductor for all the transmitters of each column for the purpose of supplying these transmitters with an intended amplitude and phase, andin that the inputs of all the vertical distributors are supplied by correspondingly disposed outputs of a horizontal distributor (11) which extends therebehind and which, with its input, is connected via a supply line to a radar device. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in claim 1,
characterised in that a switch-on 0°/90° phase shifter (7) is inserted into each of the two supply paths (8, 9) so that, when the 90° phase shift is switched on in the one phase shifter, left-handed circular polarisation is produced and, when the 90° phase shift is switched on in the other phase shifter, right-handed circular polarisation is produced. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in claim 2,
characterised in that the two phase shifters (7) of each polarisation reversal device (6) are in the form of 0°/± 90° phase shifters so that, when +90° is switched on in the one phase shifter and -90° in the other, the respectively orthogonal linear polarisation can additionally be set. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the amplitude distribution along the horizontal distributor (11) is set in such a way as to produce a very high side lobe attenuation. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that, instead of the 0°/90° phase shifters (7) provided in each polarisation reversal device (6), all the distributors (10, 11) are provided in a double design, i.e. two vertical distributors per transmitter column and one horizontal distributor for each of the two vertical distributors on all the transmitter columns, and a single 90° phase reversal is provided. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that, at the front, the hollow conductor transmitters (1) have a funnel neck (12), e.g. in the form of a round funnel or a pyramid-shaped funnel. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in claim 6,
characterised in that the funnel neck is in the form of a diagonal funnel (13), in that the two coupling devices which are spatially offset by 90° (14, 15) are offset by ± 45° to the horizontal plane for the purpose of two-source mains infeed, and in that the two coupling devices are excited with the same phases and amplitudes to create horizontal polarisation. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in claim 6,
characterised in that the funnel neck is in the form of a diagonal funnel (13), in that the two coupling devices which are spatially offset by 90° (14, 15) are offset by ± 45° to the vertical plane for the purpose of two-source mains infeed, and in that the two coupling devices are excited with the same phase and amplitude to create vertical polarisation. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the amplitude and phase distribution along the vertical distributor (10) is set in such a way as to produce a distinctively shaped lobe in the elevation pattern, e.g. a cosecant shape. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that, in the polarisation reversal devices (6), there are provided special phase shifters to set a distinctive radiation pattern, e.g. a cosec2 characteristic. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that, in the polarisation reversal devices (6), there are also additionally provided switch-on phase shifters which permit the switching-on of another beam form, e.g. a pencil or fan beam instead of a cosec2 characteristic. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that all the vertical distributors (10) are incorporated in a common plate. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the supporting plate (2) is made from metal, e.g. aluminium, or from plastics with surface metallisation. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in claim 13,
characterised in that, where the supporting plate (2) is made from metal, the hollow conductor transmitters (1) are milled therein. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in claim 13,
characterised in that, where the supporting plate (2) is made from plastics with surface metallisation, the hollow conductor transmitters (1) are likewise metallised therein. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that one or more rows of forwardly projecting dipole transmitters (16) are disposed on the supporting plate (2) to form an integrated IFF antenna, and in that the supply leads (17) to the dipole transmitters are guided through the supporting plate and partially through the horizontal distributor (11), as well as between the vertical distributors (10, 11), to an IFF distributor disposed behind with a summation balance hybrid. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15,
characterised in that the integrated IFF antenna is formed by a grid-like transmitter structure which is placed on a dielectric plate, is disposed forward of the supporting plate and has little perturbation effect on the hollow conductor transmitters, and in that the supply leads to the grid-like transmitter structure are guided through the supporting plate and partially through the horizontal distributor, as well as between the vertical distributors, to an IFF distributor disposed behind with a summation balance hybrid. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in claim 16 or 17,
characterised in that, on the upper side of the supporting plate (2), there is affixed an SLS transmitter for the purpose of side lobe suppression. - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the supporting plate (2), with all its hollow conductor transmitter apertures, and, where relevant, the IFF dipole transmitters (16) are covered on the aperture side by a low-loss radome (18). - An omnidirectional radar antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
characterised by a rating for the X band.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4217091 | 1992-05-22 | ||
| DE4217091 | 1992-05-22 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0570863A2 EP0570863A2 (en) | 1993-11-24 |
| EP0570863A3 EP0570863A3 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
| EP0570863B1 true EP0570863B1 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
Family
ID=6459558
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93107897A Expired - Lifetime EP0570863B1 (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1993-05-14 | Surveillance radar antenna in flat configuration |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0570863B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59309507D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111463573A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-28 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | Dual-band high-isolation wide-angle scanning composite aperture array antenna |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19608622A1 (en) * | 1996-03-06 | 1997-09-11 | Sel Alcatel Ag | Aerial system with two aerials |
| US6034647A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2000-03-07 | Raytheon Company | Boxhorn array architecture using folded junctions |
| US7948443B2 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2011-05-24 | The Boeing Company | Structural feed aperture for space based phased array antennas |
| DE102014208389A1 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2015-11-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Antenna device for a vehicle |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5443659A (en) * | 1977-09-13 | 1979-04-06 | Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency | Antenna unit |
| GB2058468B (en) * | 1979-08-23 | 1983-10-12 | Marconi Co Ltd | Dual frequency aerial feed arrangement |
| AU3417289A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-16 | British Satellite Broadcasting Limited | Flat plate array antenna |
| DE3915048A1 (en) * | 1989-05-08 | 1990-11-15 | Siemens Ag | Electronically phase controlled antenna - has antenna elements in groups coupled to distributors with polariser switches |
| EP0470786A3 (en) * | 1990-08-06 | 1992-02-26 | Harry J. Gould | Electronic rotatable polarization antenna feed apparatus |
| US5304999A (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1994-04-19 | Electromagnetic Sciences, Inc. | Polarization agility in an RF radiator module for use in a phased array |
-
1993
- 1993-05-14 DE DE59309507T patent/DE59309507D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-14 EP EP93107897A patent/EP0570863B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111463573A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-28 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | Dual-band high-isolation wide-angle scanning composite aperture array antenna |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59309507D1 (en) | 1999-05-20 |
| EP0570863A3 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
| EP0570863A2 (en) | 1993-11-24 |
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