EP0568028A1 - Moteur linéaire électromagnétique - Google Patents

Moteur linéaire électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0568028A1
EP0568028A1 EP93106862A EP93106862A EP0568028A1 EP 0568028 A1 EP0568028 A1 EP 0568028A1 EP 93106862 A EP93106862 A EP 93106862A EP 93106862 A EP93106862 A EP 93106862A EP 0568028 A1 EP0568028 A1 EP 0568028A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
linear motor
armature
motor according
electromagnetic linear
permanent magnets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93106862A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0568028B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Auerbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jos Schneider Optische Werke GmbH
Original Assignee
Jos Schneider Optische Werke GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jos Schneider Optische Werke GmbH filed Critical Jos Schneider Optische Werke GmbH
Publication of EP0568028A1 publication Critical patent/EP0568028A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0568028B1 publication Critical patent/EP0568028B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic linear motor consisting of an armature, two inner pole pieces, two outer pole pieces, two permanent magnets and a coil.
  • Electromagnetic drive systems with four magnetically active air gaps are known as so-called torque or rotary armature motors (torque motors), which emit a rotary movement or torque as an output variable, which can be converted into a linear movement by suitable measures.
  • torque motors rotary armature motors
  • These systems have the disadvantage that when the rotary motion is converted into a linear motion, transverse forces arise which have to be intercepted or modified.
  • Another disadvantage is that the force generated in the air gaps of the pole faces must be transmitted to the valve piston to be controlled via a lever arm, as a result of which the force is reduced in accordance with the lever arm ratios.
  • the mass of the valve piston acting on the lever arm considerably reduces the natural frequency.
  • linear drives with two magnetically active air gaps are known or also linear motors with four air gaps, in which, however, only two air gaps are magnetically active, while the other two air gaps are passive. They serve to close the magnetic circuit and represent an additional resistance.
  • the object of the invention is an electromagnetic drive system as an alternative to the known torque motor To create (torque motor), which can be used as an actuator for adjusting electro-hydraulic servo valves for gaseous media, the requirements of the smallest possible design and lowest electrical power for a valve with a hydraulic flow rate of 15 liters per minute should be met in a single-stage design.
  • torque motor torque motor
  • the construction of the drive system should be as simple as possible, so that cost-effective production in large numbers is achieved in industrial series production.
  • the invention provides a linear motor which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, and which is outstanding. Has performance data. Because by arranging four magnetically active air gaps, the advantageous properties of the torque motors, such as linearity, responsiveness, dynamics and power yield based on the electrical input power, can be transferred to a linear drive element with the smallest size.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the structure of an electromagnetic linear motor according to the invention in the de-energized middle position. Such is mainly used to actuate hydraulic or pneumatic servo valves or other valves, for example for gaseous media.
  • the linear motor is built up from a centrally arranged armature 4 consisting of the armature shaft 1 and the two armature disks 2 and 3, which are firmly connected to the armature shaft 1.
  • a coil 12 is arranged over the armature shaft 1.
  • the armature 4 forms with the inner pole pieces 5 and 5 'and the outer pole pieces 6 and 6', which are connected to the permanent magnets 7 and 7 'and magnetically polarized, an air gap system of four magnetically active air gaps 8, 9, 10 and 11 the same magnetic flux in every air gap.
  • the four air gaps 8, 9, 10 and 11 are of the same size.
  • a direct current By impressing a direct current into the coil 12, a magnetic field is generated in the armature 4, which generates a resulting force acting on the armature.
  • the size and direction of action of this force is proportionally dependent on the size and polarity of the impressed direct current.
  • This force can be converted into a lifting movement.
  • the dash-dotted lines with arrows indicate the respective inevitable magnetic field profiles M1 and M2 and M'1 and M'2 of the permanent magnets 7 and 7 '.
  • N stands for the magnetic north pole and S for the magnetic south pole.
  • FIG. 2a and 2b show the same linear motor as in Fig. 1 with a superimposed magnetic field profile by impressed direct current into the coil for deflection in one (Fig. 2a) and in the other direction (Fig. 2b).
  • the same reference numerals designate the same parts as in Fig. 1 and the magnetic field profiles.
  • FIG. 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate the design of an advantageous embodiment of an electromagnetic linear motor according to the invention, shown schematically in FIG. 1 and in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
  • the electromagnetic linear motor builds up again from the centrally arranged armature 4 consisting of the armature shaft 1 and the two armature disks 2 and 3, which are firmly connected to the armature shaft 1.
  • a coil 12 is arranged over the armature shaft 1, the inner diameter of which has a radial play R relative to the outer diameter of the armature shaft 1.
  • a half-shell-shaped inner pole piece 5 and 5 ' is connected to a half-shell-shaped outer pole piece 6 or 6' by means of a permanent magnet 7 or 7 '.
  • the inner pole pieces 5 and 5 ' are fixed to the outer pole pieces 6 and 6' in such a way that the axial distance between the semicircular ring surfaces 14 and 14 'of the inner pole pieces 5 and 5' and the semicircular ring surfaces 15 and 15 'of the outer pole pieces 6 and 6' is exactly as large as the axial distance between the semicircular ring surfaces 16 and 16 'of the inner pole shoes 5 and 5' and the semicircular ring surfaces 17 and 17 'of the outer pole shoes 6 and 6'.
  • the permanent magnets are polarized so that the inner pole pieces 5 and 5 ', for example the magnetic south pole S and the outer pole pieces 6 and 6', for example the magnetic one Form north pole N.
  • a magnetic field forms in the armature 4, which generates a magnetic flux, the size and direction of which depends on the size of the impressed direct current and its polarity.
  • the inner pole pieces 5, 5 'and the outer pole pieces 7, 7' can advantageously be produced by deep drawing.
  • the half-shell configuration of the inner pole shoes 5, 5 'and the outer pole shoes 6, 6' also allows the use of half-shell permanent magnets 7, 7 'as segment magnets made of oxite, as are used in permanent magnet excited DC motors and which are very inexpensive.
  • FIG. 4 shows the design of an electromagnetic linear motor according to FIGS. 1 to 3c, in which the magnet systems 35 and 35 'created by connecting the inner pole pieces 5 and 5' to the outer pole pieces 6 and 6 'by the permanent magnets 7 and 7' the right side (according to the drawing) on a valve adapter 18 and on the left side (according to the drawing) are attached to an adjustment flange 19.
  • the transmission of force and / or movement takes place at connection a.
  • the valve adapter 18 and the adjustment flange 19 take over the centering of the magnet systems 35 and 35 'to the armature 4.
  • the magnet systems 35, 35 ', the armature 4 and the coil 12 are rotationally symmetrical.
  • the valve adapter 18 can be fastened to the outer pole shoes 6, 6 'of the magnet systems 35 and 35' by means of screws 18 ', 18''; however, a more cost-effective connection of magnet systems and valve adapters can also be produced by gluing or welding, by flanging or by a snap connection.
  • a cylindrical extension 20 On the left side (according to the drawing) of the armature 4 there is a cylindrical extension 20, in the center of which a pin 21 is inserted, which has a thread at its rear end.
  • a spring bearing 22 which is axially displaceable, for example, via a thread in the adjustment flange 19.
  • the spring bearing 22 holds two crown springs 23 and 23 ', which are crimped on the inside diameter in a hub 24 and 24' and on the outside diameter in the spring bearing 22.
  • the crown springs 23 and 23 ' By means of a ring or a spacer tube 25, the crown springs 23 and 23 'are preloaded to such an extent that no alternating stressing of the crown springs 23 and 23' can occur due to the lifting movement of the armature 4.
  • the spring bearing 22 is clamped firmly against the cylindrical extension 20 of the armature 4 by means of a nut 26.
  • the armature 4 is axially displaced until the four magnetically active air gaps 8, 9, 10 and 11, formed by the air gap surfaces from the intersection of the semicircular ring surfaces 14 and 14 'and 16 and 16' of the inner pole pieces with the armature disks 2 and 3 on the one hand and the overlap of the semicircular ring surfaces 15 and 15 'and 17 and 17' of the outer pole pieces 6 and 6 'with the armature disks 2 and 3 are the same size.
  • This position of the armature 4 is fixed via a lock nut 27 and determines the central position of the armature 4 in the de-energized state.
  • the spring bearing 22 takes over on the one hand the spring centering of the armature and on the other hand also its radial centering.
  • the adjustment flange 19 can be fastened to the outer pole pieces 6, 6 'by means of screws 19', 19 ''; however, here too, a more cost-effective connection of magnet systems and adjustment flange can be produced by gluing or welding, by flanging or by a snap connection.
  • a structure of the spring bearing 22 with crown springs 23, 23 'and strain gauges applied thereon offer the advantage of being able to use crown springs of low stiffness and of reducing the hysteresis and the response sensitivity, and higher, by means of an electrical strain feedback via the strain gauges and an electrical amplifier To achieve stability and power yield under the influence of flow forces through an attached control piston (see also Fig. 7).
  • armature 4 On the right side (according to the drawing) of the armature 4 there is also a cylindrical extension 28 which has a centering seat 29, to which an internal thread 30 is connected. In the centering seat 29, the centering collar 31 sits a hub 33 fastened to a further crown spring 32.
  • the crown spring 32 is crimped on the outside diameter into a ring 34, which is fixed in the valve adapter 18 by dimensional determination such that the crown spring 32 is in the central position of the armature 4 is pre-tensioned by the centering collar 31 of the hub 33 in the centering seat 29 to such an extent that even in the direction of stroke against the bias of the crown spring 32, this cannot be relaxed to zero.
  • the crown spring 32 has a negligible spring rate in relation to the spring bearing 22 in order to compensate for any play and, moreover, only has the task of radially centering the armature 4 on the right side (according to the drawing).
  • a coupling rod can be fastened in the thread 30 of the armature 4 and then transmits the stroke or the force of the electromagnetic linear motor to a servo valve piston (connection a).
  • both the inner pole shoes 36 and 36 'and the outer pole shoes 37 and 37' are U-shaped.
  • the permanent magnets 38 and 38 ' have a rectangular shape.
  • the inner pole shoes 36 and 36 'and also the outer pole shoes 37 and 37' can be designed as simple bent sheet metal parts.
  • Rare earths can be used as the magnetic material for the permanent magnets. This allows the magnetic power to be optimally matched to the size of the electromagnetic linear motor.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b in which the same reference numerals designate the same parts as in FIG. 4, the inner pole shoes 41 and 41 'and the outer pole shoes 42 and 42' are U-shaped and opposite each other, arranged in pairs offset by 90 ° to each other.
  • This increases the installation space for the coil 43, and the linear motor can be built shorter for the same value of the ohmic resistance of the coil 43 as defined for the coil 12 of the linear motor according to FIGS. 3a to 3c.
  • the permanent magnets 39 and 40 are designed as ring magnets, which are installed above the armature disks 2 and 3 on the face side between the inner pole shoes 41 and 41 'and the outer pole shoes 42 and 42' are polarized (magnetized) in the axial direction. By installing the permanent magnets 39 and 40 in the immediate vicinity of the air gaps 8, 9, 10, 11, the stray magnetic flux is considerably reduced.
  • the overall length of the linear motor according to FIG. 6a may correspond to the overall length of the linear motor according to FIG. 4, in the embodiment according to FIG. 6a the ohmic resistance of the coil 43 can be reduced by using a thicker coil winding wire and the electrical power of the linear motor can thus be reduced.
  • the ohmic resistance of the coil 43 can be reduced by using a thicker coil winding wire and the electrical power of the linear motor can thus be reduced.
  • FIG. 7 shows the embodiment of a linear motor according to FIG. 4 with an adapted electrohydraulic servo valve.
  • the same reference numerals designate the same parts as in FIG. 4, so that reference can be made to the description of FIG. 4 for the description of the linear motor.
  • the valve adapter 18 has an internal thread 44 in the front area, into which the control cylinder 45 of a hydraulic servo valve 46 designed as a built-in valve is screwed.
  • a coupling rod 49 and a grub screw 50 are let into the bore 47 of the control piston 48 and abut one another on the end face in a threaded bushing 51.
  • a nut 52 fixes the threaded pin 50 in an internal thread 53 located at the outer end of the control piston 48.
  • the coupling rod 49 has an external thread 54 at its end facing the armature 4, via which it is screwed into the internal thread 30 of the armature 4 in its cylindrical extension 28 and so attached to the anchor 4.
  • the force of the electromagnetic linear motor is transmitted to the control piston 48 of the hydraulic servo valve 46, which executes a lifting movement and opens or closes the flow bores 55 to 58 in the control cylinder 45, which are assigned to the respective hydraulic connections.
  • strain gauges 59 are glued to the crown spring 23 'of the spring bearing 22 and offer the advantages already described for FIG. 4.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c The size of a practical embodiment of an electromagnetic linear motor according to the invention according to FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, which is designed for forces of approx. 20 N, can advantageously be chosen such that with an essentially circular cross-section (cf. FIGS. 3b, 3c) the outer diameter is 34 mm and the overall length (of the outer pole shoes 6, 6 ', Fig. 3a) is 35 mm, so that the linear motor has a volume of about 32 cm3.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
EP93106862A 1992-04-30 1993-04-28 Moteur linéaire électromagnétique Expired - Lifetime EP0568028B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4214284 1992-04-30
DE4214284A DE4214284A1 (de) 1992-04-30 1992-04-30 Elektromagnetischer linearmotor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0568028A1 true EP0568028A1 (fr) 1993-11-03
EP0568028B1 EP0568028B1 (fr) 1996-06-26

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DE (2) DE4214284A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2833677A1 (fr) * 2001-12-17 2003-06-20 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Electrovalve proportionnelle bidirectionnelle et application a la suspension d'un vehicule automobile
FR2834804A1 (fr) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-18 Smc Corp Servo-vanne pneumatique
WO2006114447A1 (fr) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Bosch Rexroth Ag Soupape a cartouche electropneumatique, utilisee en particulier comme soupape pilote avec une soupape pneumatique de structure etroite pour former une unite a soupapes compacte
US8264104B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2012-09-11 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg Motor for optical systems
DE102013102400A1 (de) 2013-03-11 2014-09-11 Alfred Jäger GmbH Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung und Kombination von elektromagnetischer Stellvorrichtung und Motorspindel
US9620274B2 (en) 2015-02-17 2017-04-11 Enfield Technologies, Llc Proportional linear solenoid apparatus
DE102020109120A1 (de) 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Alfred Jäger GmbH Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung und deren Verwendung
DE102022114839A1 (de) 2022-06-13 2023-12-14 Alfred Jäger GmbH Magnetische Stellvorrichtung
WO2023241760A1 (fr) 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 Alfred Jäger GmbH Dispositif d'actionnement magnétique

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004048366B4 (de) * 2004-10-01 2007-10-25 Auma Riester Gmbh & Co. Kg Stellantrieb zur Betätigung einer Armatur in der Prozessautomatisierung
DE102009029826B4 (de) * 2009-06-18 2012-01-26 Pierburg Gmbh Elektromagnetventil
CN112483715B (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-10-29 福州大学 一种四线圈双衔铁式分时驱动的高速开关阀及其驱动方法

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4127835A (en) * 1977-07-06 1978-11-28 Dynex/Rivett Inc. Electromechanical force motor
EP0078324A1 (fr) * 1981-04-30 1983-05-11 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Relais electromagnetique polarise
EP0146421A1 (fr) * 1983-11-16 1985-06-26 Telemecanique Electro-aimant comprenant des culasses et une armature comportant un aimant permanent muni sur ses faces polaires, de pieces polaires débordant de l'axe de l'aimant, cet axe étant perpendiculaire à la direction du mouvement
EP0157630A2 (fr) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-09 Parker Hannifin Corporation Valve electromagnétique
US4635683A (en) * 1985-10-03 1987-01-13 Ford Motor Company Variable force solenoid
US4767097A (en) * 1987-03-27 1988-08-30 William F. Everett Stacked servoid assembly
DE3905992A1 (de) * 1989-02-25 1989-09-21 Mesenich Gerhard Elektromagnetisches hochdruckeinspritzventil
US5012144A (en) * 1989-06-27 1991-04-30 Pneumo Abex Corporation Linear direct drive motor
EP0458294A2 (fr) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Relais télécommandé

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4127835A (en) * 1977-07-06 1978-11-28 Dynex/Rivett Inc. Electromechanical force motor
EP0078324A1 (fr) * 1981-04-30 1983-05-11 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Relais electromagnetique polarise
EP0146421A1 (fr) * 1983-11-16 1985-06-26 Telemecanique Electro-aimant comprenant des culasses et une armature comportant un aimant permanent muni sur ses faces polaires, de pieces polaires débordant de l'axe de l'aimant, cet axe étant perpendiculaire à la direction du mouvement
EP0157630A2 (fr) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-09 Parker Hannifin Corporation Valve electromagnétique
US4635683A (en) * 1985-10-03 1987-01-13 Ford Motor Company Variable force solenoid
US4767097A (en) * 1987-03-27 1988-08-30 William F. Everett Stacked servoid assembly
DE3905992A1 (de) * 1989-02-25 1989-09-21 Mesenich Gerhard Elektromagnetisches hochdruckeinspritzventil
US5012144A (en) * 1989-06-27 1991-04-30 Pneumo Abex Corporation Linear direct drive motor
EP0458294A2 (fr) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Relais télécommandé

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2833677A1 (fr) * 2001-12-17 2003-06-20 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Electrovalve proportionnelle bidirectionnelle et application a la suspension d'un vehicule automobile
FR2834804A1 (fr) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-18 Smc Corp Servo-vanne pneumatique
WO2006114447A1 (fr) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Bosch Rexroth Ag Soupape a cartouche electropneumatique, utilisee en particulier comme soupape pilote avec une soupape pneumatique de structure etroite pour former une unite a soupapes compacte
US8264104B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2012-09-11 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg Motor for optical systems
WO2014139926A3 (fr) * 2013-03-11 2014-12-31 Alfred Jäger GmbH Dispositif de réglage électromagnétique et combinaison d'un dispositif de réglage électromagnétique et d'une broche motorisée
WO2014139926A2 (fr) 2013-03-11 2014-09-18 Alfred Jäger GmbH Dispositif de réglage électromagnétique et combinaison d'un dispositif de réglage électromagnétique et d'une broche motorisée
DE102013102400A1 (de) 2013-03-11 2014-09-11 Alfred Jäger GmbH Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung und Kombination von elektromagnetischer Stellvorrichtung und Motorspindel
DE102013102400B4 (de) 2013-03-11 2021-08-26 Alfred Jäger GmbH Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung und Kombination von elektromagnetischer Stellvorrichtung und Motorspindel
US9620274B2 (en) 2015-02-17 2017-04-11 Enfield Technologies, Llc Proportional linear solenoid apparatus
US9704636B2 (en) 2015-02-17 2017-07-11 Enfield Technologies, Llc Solenoid apparatus
DE102020109120A1 (de) 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Alfred Jäger GmbH Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung und deren Verwendung
WO2021197545A1 (fr) 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Alfred Jäger GmbH Actionneur électromagnétique et son utilisation
DE102020109120B4 (de) 2020-04-01 2022-02-03 Alfred Jäger GmbH Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung und deren Verwendung
DE102022114839A1 (de) 2022-06-13 2023-12-14 Alfred Jäger GmbH Magnetische Stellvorrichtung
WO2023241760A1 (fr) 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 Alfred Jäger GmbH Dispositif d'actionnement magnétique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4214284A1 (de) 1993-11-04
EP0568028B1 (fr) 1996-06-26
DE59303053D1 (de) 1996-08-01

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