EP0561812A1 - Electrode, and process for manufacturing it. - Google Patents

Electrode, and process for manufacturing it.

Info

Publication number
EP0561812A1
EP0561812A1 EP91920001A EP91920001A EP0561812A1 EP 0561812 A1 EP0561812 A1 EP 0561812A1 EP 91920001 A EP91920001 A EP 91920001A EP 91920001 A EP91920001 A EP 91920001A EP 0561812 A1 EP0561812 A1 EP 0561812A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
intermetallic phase
electrode base
metal
alloying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91920001A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0561812B1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Hermann Friese
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0561812A1 publication Critical patent/EP0561812A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0561812B1 publication Critical patent/EP0561812B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode for electrical discharges, in particular spark plug electrodes, with an electrode base made of metal and a method for their production.
  • Common spark plugs generally have a central electrode and a ground electrode, the tips of the two electrodes being arranged relative to one another in such a way that a spark gap is left free. Due to the constant generation of sparks between the two electrodes, the tips are subject to considerable wear. This problem places high demands on the temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal expansion characteristics of the electrode tip. Spark erosion and oxidation phenomena also lead to considerable stress.
  • Intermetallic phases are compounds of metals with ordered atomic distributions. These intermetallic phases are high even Temperatures are stronger than metal alloys, more resistant to oxidation than non-precious metal alloys and more malleable than ceramics. This means that their properties lie between metal and ceramic.
  • Intermetallic phases are, for example, titanium aluminides and nickel aluminides.
  • the electrode can consist entirely of the IP material or can have a tip made of IP material on an electrode body made of otherwise customary electrode material.
  • IP material i.e. an intermetallic phase itself
  • Nickel aluminides such as NiAl, Ni-Al. Or the like, are particularly suitable.
  • the connection to the electrode base body then takes place by known methods, such as welding or high-temperature soldering.
  • a further advantageous possibility is, however, to apply a material to the electrode base body to form an intermetallic phase and then to produce a high-melting, oxidation-resistant intermetallic phase there.
  • Aluminum or an aluminum alloy for example, are suitable as materials. In both cases, the material is preferably connected by alloying. This alloying takes place, for example, using the known laser technology.
  • the given goal is the production of NiAl with additional alloying elements such as chromium, manganese, silicon, molybdenum or the like.
  • Alloy formation or alloying can also take place using the aluminothermic effect, the heat of reaction being used in the oxidation of aluminum to form the alloy. In this case, a cermet material with connections of corundum particles is created.
  • the intermetallic phase should also contain alloy additives. It is possible, for example, to reduce the electron work function by adding alkaline earth metals. Furthermore, further alloy additives can be added to the material before alloying, which make this material ductile or deformable. This can also be done by appropriate pretreatment. This includes, for example, the addition of boron, with boron preferably evaporating when alloying. If, for example, chromium is added, the corrosion resistance of the electrode can be improved as a result.
  • the material is placed as a plate, cap or the like on the electrode base body and then, for example, alloyed on. This manufacturing process is simple and inexpensive.
  • the invention is also intended, for example, to include the use of an intermetallic phase in the manufacture of electrodes, in particular spark plug electrodes.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Abstract

Dans une électrode pour des décharges électriques, en particulier une électrode de bougie d'allumage, comportant un corps de base d'électrode en métal, celui-ci, en particulier au moins sa pointe, doit être doté d'une phase intermétallique.In an electrode for electric discharges, in particular a spark plug electrode, comprising a metal electrode base body, this latter, in particular at least its tip, must have an intermetallic phase.

Description

Elektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Electrode and process for its manufacture
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Elektrode für elektrische Entladungen, insbesondere Zündkerzenelektroden, mit einem Elektrodengrundkörper aus Metall sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung.The invention relates to an electrode for electrical discharges, in particular spark plug electrodes, with an electrode base made of metal and a method for their production.
Gängige Zündkerzen besitzen in der Regel eine Mittel¬ elektrode und eine Masseelektrode, wobei die Spitzen beider Elektroden so zueinander angeordnet sind, daß eine Funkenstrecke freigelassen ist. Durch die dauernde Funkenerzeugung zwischen beiden Elektroden unterliegen die Spitzen einem erheblichen Verschleiß. Dieses Problem stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Tempe¬ raturfestigkeit, Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Wärme¬ ausdehnungscharakteristik der Elektrodenspitze. Funken¬ erosion und Oxidationserscheinungen führen ebenfalls zu einer erheblichen Beanspruchung.Common spark plugs generally have a central electrode and a ground electrode, the tips of the two electrodes being arranged relative to one another in such a way that a spark gap is left free. Due to the constant generation of sparks between the two electrodes, the tips are subject to considerable wear. This problem places high demands on the temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal expansion characteristics of the electrode tip. Spark erosion and oxidation phenomena also lead to considerable stress.
Zwecks Verbesserung insbesondere der Elektrodenspitze wird deshalb beispielsweise in der ÜS-PS 4 540 910 vorgeschlagen, daß zwischen der aus einer Nickel- legierung bestehenden Metallelektrode und einer Metal1- aufläge hoher Verschleißfestigkeit aus einer platin- haltigen Legierung eine Zwischenschicht angeordnet ist, die zum Ausgleich des stark unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungsverhaltens von Elektroden und Metall¬ auflage dient. Diese Zwischenschicht besteht aus einer Legierung, welche sich aus einer Platinlegierung und Nickel zusammensetzt. Zum Aufbringen der verschlei߬ festen Metallauflage auf die Metallelektrode wird zunächst die verschleißfeste Metallauflage mit der Zwischenschicht mechanisch zusammenplattiert und dann die mit der Metallauflage versehene Zwischenschicht mit der Metallelektrode durch Widerstandsschweißen verbunden. Der hierfür erforderliche Herstellungs¬ aufwand und vor allem die hohen Stoffkosten sind erheblich, ferner wird lediglich das Wärmeausdeh- nungsverhalten verbessert.In order to improve the electrode tip in particular, it is therefore proposed, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,540,910 that between the metal electrode consisting of a nickel alloy and a metal coating of high wear resistance made of a platinum alloy containing an intermediate layer is arranged, which serves to compensate for the greatly different thermal expansion behavior of electrodes and Metall¬ layer. This intermediate layer consists of an alloy, which is composed of a platinum alloy and nickel. To apply the wear-resistant metal layer to the metal electrode, the wear-resistant metal layer is first mechanically plated with the intermediate layer and then the intermediate layer provided with the metal layer is connected to the metal electrode by resistance welding. The manufacturing effort required for this and above all the high material costs are considerable, furthermore only the thermal expansion behavior is improved.
Aus der DE-PS 31 32 814 ist ferner bekannt, daß auf der freien Stirnfläche einer Mittelelektrode einer Zündkerze ein .Plättchen aus Edelmetall, wie z.B. Platin, durch Widerstandsschweißen aufgebracht wird. Bei dieser Mittelelektrode tritt jedoch dann das Problem auf, daß sich das Edelmetall-Plättchen aufgrund von Spannungen in der Verbindungszone bei höheren thermischen und korrosiven Belastungen von der Mittel- elektrode löst. Auch hier sind bereits die Materialkosten erheblich.From DE-PS 31 32 814 it is also known that on the free end face of a central electrode of a spark plug. Platinum, applied by resistance welding. With this center electrode, however, the problem then arises that the noble metal plate detaches from the center electrode due to tensions in the connection zone at higher thermal and corrosive loads. Here, too, the material costs are considerable.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung gemäß dem kennzeichnendenThe present invention according to the characterizing
Teil von Anspruch 1 macht sich die Vorteile der bekann¬ ten IP-Werkstoffe (intermetallische Phasen) zunutze. Unter intermetallischen Phasen versteht man Verbindun¬ gen von Metallen mit geordneten Atomverteilungen. Diese intermetallischen Phasen sind auch bei hohen Temperaturen fester als Metall- Legierungen, oxida- tionsbeständiger als Nichtedelmetall-Legierungen und verformbarer als Keramik. Damit liegen sie in ihren Eigenschaften zwischen Metall und Keramik.Part of claim 1 takes advantage of the known IP materials (intermetallic phases). Intermetallic phases are compounds of metals with ordered atomic distributions. These intermetallic phases are high even Temperatures are stronger than metal alloys, more resistant to oxidation than non-precious metal alloys and more malleable than ceramics. This means that their properties lie between metal and ceramic.
Zur näheren Erläuterung der intermetallischen Phasen wird auf "Magazin Neue Werkstoffe 1/89", Seite 15 ff. sowie auf den Artikel "Advances in Intermetallics" aus Advanced Material & Processes 2/89 verwiesen. Intermetallische Phasen sind beispielsweise Titan- aluminide und Nickelaluminide.For a more detailed explanation of the intermetallic phases, reference is made to "Magazin Neue Werkstoffe 1/89", page 15 ff. And to the article "Advances in Intermetallics" from Advanced Material & Processes 2/89. Intermetallic phases are, for example, titanium aluminides and nickel aluminides.
Die Elektrode kann vollständig aus dem IP-Werkstoff bestehen oder eine Spitze aus IP-Werkstoff auf einem Elektrodenkörper aus sonst üblichem Elektrodenmaterial tragen.The electrode can consist entirely of the IP material or can have a tip made of IP material on an electrode body made of otherwise customary electrode material.
Bezüglich des Aufbringens der Elektrodenspitze aus IP-Werkstoff gibt es im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zwei Möglichkeiten. Zum einen kann einWith regard to the application of the electrode tip made of IP material, there are two possibilities within the scope of the present invention. For one, one can
IP-Werkstoff, d.h. eine intermetallische Phase selbst, auf den Elektrodengrundkörper aufgebracht werden. Dabei bieten sich vor allem Nickelaluminide, wie beispielsweise NiAl,, Ni-Al., od. dgl., an. Die Ver- bindung mit dem Elektrodengrundkörper erfolgt dann durch bekannte Verfahren, wie Schweißen oder Hochtem- peraturlδten.IP material, i.e. an intermetallic phase itself, are applied to the electrode base. Nickel aluminides, such as NiAl, Ni-Al. Or the like, are particularly suitable. The connection to the electrode base body then takes place by known methods, such as welding or high-temperature soldering.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Möglichkeit ist aber, auf den Elektrodengrundkörper einen Werkstoff zur Bildung einer intermetallischen Phase aufzubringen und dann eine hochschmelzende, oxidationsbeständige inter¬ metallische Phase dort zu erzeugen. Als Werkstoff bietet sich hier beispielsweise Aluminium oder eine AΪuminiumlegierung an. Verbunden wird der Werkstoff in beiden Fällen bevor¬ zugt durch Auflegieren. Dieses Auflegieren erfolgt dabei beispielsweise durch die bekannte Lasertechnik. Werden beispielsweise Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegie- rungen bzw. aluminiumhaltige intermetallische Phasen, wie NiAl-, Ni-Al- od. dgl. auf Elektrodengrundkörper aus z.B. Ni4b5-, Inconel- oder ähnliche Legierungen oder auch auf Zwei-Stoff-Elektroden mit entsprechenden Mantelwerkstoffen aufgebracht, so ist in jedem Fall das vorgegebene Ziel die Erzeugung von NiAl ggfs. mit zusätzlichen Legierungselementen wie etwa Chrom, Mangan, Silizium, Molybdän od. dgl..A further advantageous possibility is, however, to apply a material to the electrode base body to form an intermetallic phase and then to produce a high-melting, oxidation-resistant intermetallic phase there. Aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example, are suitable as materials. In both cases, the material is preferably connected by alloying. This alloying takes place, for example, using the known laser technology. If, for example, aluminum or aluminum alloys or aluminum-containing intermetallic phases, such as NiAl, Ni-Al or the like, are applied to electrode base bodies made of, for example, Ni4b5, Inconel or similar alloys or else on two-substance electrodes with corresponding jacket materials, in any case, the given goal is the production of NiAl with additional alloying elements such as chromium, manganese, silicon, molybdenum or the like.
Die Legierungsbildung bzw. das Auflegieren kann auch unter Ausnutzung des aluminothermischen Effektes erfolgen, wobei die Reaktionswärme bei der Oxidation von Aluminium zur Legierungsbildung ausgenützt wird. In diesem Fall entsteht also ein Cermet-WerkStoff mit Anschlüssen von Korundpartikeln.Alloy formation or alloying can also take place using the aluminothermic effect, the heat of reaction being used in the oxidation of aluminum to form the alloy. In this case, a cermet material with connections of corundum particles is created.
Bei allen Verfahren entsteht ein Überzug auf dem Elektrodengrundkörper, welcher eine hohe Funkenero¬ sionsfestigkeit sowie hohe Korrosions- und Oxida- tionsbeständigkeit aufweist. Ferner findet sich ein erhöhter elektrischer Widerstand unmittelbar am Funken¬ grund in der Elektrodenoberfläche, was zu einer zu¬ satzlichen Entstδrwirkung führt. Das Verfahren selbst ist rationell-, die Werkstoffkosten geringer als im Vergleich zu Platinkerzen.In all processes, a coating is formed on the electrode base body, which has a high resistance to spark erosion as well as a high resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Furthermore, there is an increased electrical resistance directly at the spark base in the electrode surface, which leads to an additional interference suppression effect. The process itself is rational, the material costs lower than in comparison to platinum candles.
In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel soll die intermetallische Phase noch Legierungszusätze bein¬ halten. Dabei ist beispielsweise möglich, durch Zusatz von Erdalkalimetallen eine Senkung der Elektronen- austrittsarbeit zu erzielen. Ferner können dem Werkstoff vor dem Auflegieren weitere Legierungszusätze zugegeben werden, welche diesen Werkstoff duktil bzw. verformbar machen. Dies kann auch durch entsprechende Vorbehandlung erfolgen. Hierzu zählt beispielsweise die Zugabe von Bor, wobei Bor bevorzugt beim Auflegieren verdampft. Wird bei¬ spielsweise Chrom hinzugegeben, so kann hierdurch die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Elektrode verbessert werden.In a preferred embodiment, the intermetallic phase should also contain alloy additives. It is possible, for example, to reduce the electron work function by adding alkaline earth metals. Furthermore, further alloy additives can be added to the material before alloying, which make this material ductile or deformable. This can also be done by appropriate pretreatment. This includes, for example, the addition of boron, with boron preferably evaporating when alloying. If, for example, chromium is added, the corrosion resistance of the electrode can be improved as a result.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt, daß der Werkstoff als Plättchen, Kappe od. dgl. auf den Elektroden¬ grundkörper aufgesetzt und dann beispielsweise auf¬ legiert wird. Dieses Herstellungsverfahren ist einfach und kostengünstig.It is within the scope of the invention that the material is placed as a plate, cap or the like on the electrode base body and then, for example, alloyed on. This manufacturing process is simple and inexpensive.
Von der Erfindung soll beispielsweise auch die Ver¬ wendung einer intermetallischen Phase bei der Her¬ stellung von Elektroden, insbesondere Zündkerzen- elektroden, umfaßt sein. The invention is also intended, for example, to include the use of an intermetallic phase in the manufacture of electrodes, in particular spark plug electrodes.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Elektrode für elektrische Entladungen, insbeson- dere Zündkerzenelektrode, mit einem Elektrodengrund¬ körper aus Metall, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektrodengrundkörper, insbesondere zumindest seine Spitze, mit einer intermetallischen Phase versehen ist.1. Electrode for electrical discharges, in particular spark plug electrode, with an electrode base made of metal, characterized in that the electrode base, in particular at least its tip, is provided with an intermetallic phase.
2. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Elektrode nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Werk¬ stoff aus einer intermetallischen Phase (IP-Werk¬ stoff), wie beispielsweise NiAl-, Ni-Al,,, auf den Elektrodengrundkörper aufgebracht ist.2. A method for producing an electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that a material from an intermetallic phase (IP-Werk¬ material), such as NiAl, Ni-Al ,, is applied to the electrode base.
Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Elektrode nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Werk¬ stoff zur Bildung einer intermetallischen Phase, beispielsweise Aluminium oder eine Aluminiumle¬ gierung, auf den Elektrodengrundkörper aufgebracht und dann eine hochschmelzende, oxidationsbeständige intermetallische Phase erzeugt ist. A method for producing an electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that a material for forming an intermetallic phase, for example aluminum or an aluminum alloy, is applied to the electrode base body and then a high-melting, oxidation-resistant intermetallic phase is produced.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß der Werkstoff auf den Elektroden¬ grundkörper auflegiert wird.4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the material is alloyed onto the electrode body.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Auflegieren mittels Laser erfolgt. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the alloying is carried out by means of a laser.
EP91920001A 1990-12-13 1991-11-15 Electrode, and process for manufacturing it Expired - Lifetime EP0561812B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4039778A DE4039778C1 (en) 1990-12-13 1990-12-13
DE4039778 1990-12-13
PCT/DE1991/000889 WO1992010868A1 (en) 1990-12-13 1991-11-15 Electrode, and process for manufacturing it

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0561812A1 true EP0561812A1 (en) 1993-09-29
EP0561812B1 EP0561812B1 (en) 1995-11-02

Family

ID=6420214

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91920001A Expired - Lifetime EP0561812B1 (en) 1990-12-13 1991-11-15 Electrode, and process for manufacturing it

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5477022A (en)
EP (1) EP0561812B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06503199A (en)
KR (1) KR100215149B1 (en)
AU (1) AU648613B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9107163A (en)
DE (1) DE4039778C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2079685T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1992010868A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9698576B2 (en) 2015-09-17 2017-07-04 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Method for manufacturing an ignition electrode for spark plugs and spark plug manufactured therewith

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ270219A (en) * 1993-12-23 1997-03-24 Mintek Spark plug electrode of intermetallic compound
DE19631985A1 (en) * 1996-08-08 1998-02-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electrode with a wear-resistant coating, spark plug and process for its manufacture
WO2011066406A2 (en) * 2009-11-24 2011-06-03 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Spark plug with volume-stable electrode material

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US4904216A (en) * 1983-09-13 1990-02-27 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Process for producing the center electrode of spark plug
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9698576B2 (en) 2015-09-17 2017-07-04 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Method for manufacturing an ignition electrode for spark plugs and spark plug manufactured therewith

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5477022A (en) 1995-12-19
KR100215149B1 (en) 1999-08-16
DE4039778C1 (en) 1992-05-14
WO1992010868A1 (en) 1992-06-25
AU8907891A (en) 1992-07-08
ES2079685T3 (en) 1996-01-16
BR9107163A (en) 1993-11-03
JPH06503199A (en) 1994-04-07
EP0561812B1 (en) 1995-11-02
AU648613B2 (en) 1994-04-28
KR930703725A (en) 1993-11-30

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