EP0555151B1 - Gleichstrommotor mit elektronischem Kommutator - Google Patents

Gleichstrommotor mit elektronischem Kommutator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0555151B1
EP0555151B1 EP19930400285 EP93400285A EP0555151B1 EP 0555151 B1 EP0555151 B1 EP 0555151B1 EP 19930400285 EP19930400285 EP 19930400285 EP 93400285 A EP93400285 A EP 93400285A EP 0555151 B1 EP0555151 B1 EP 0555151B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stator
elements
static
sensor
electric motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19930400285
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0555151A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Cocoynacq
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aerosystems SAS
Original Assignee
Intertechnique SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
    • H02K29/10—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using light effect devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
    • H02K29/08—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates, magneto-resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to DC motors with a collector whose stator magnetic field is created by magnets. It finds a particularly important application in the field of motors for driving pumps embedded in an electrically insulating liquid.
  • DC electric motors are widely used to drive submerged pumps for circulating or transferring liquid. These engines have many advantages. They may have a smaller size and weight. In return, the traditional switching device with blade collector and brushes necessary to distribute the current in the windings of the rotor and create the rotating field is the cause of most failures. When in particular the motor is flooded, the presence of liquid causes rapid wear of the collector and the brushes as a result of electro-erosion, aquaplaning and often also pollution phenomena.
  • USB-A-3,131,341 is a DC motor having switching transistors carried by the rotor; but these transistors are controlled by the current flowing from the stator to the rotor by a conventional collector.
  • Document WO-A-8 702527 describes an automatic control device for a DC motor.
  • it comprises a collector transmitting the signals coming from a control generator to a control unit belonging to the rotor.
  • the control unit is designed to supply three windings so that one is supplied with one polarity, another is supplied with reverse polarity and the third is not supplied.
  • the document indicates that it is possible to use time control information of the power supply using contactless sensors (Hall effect sensors), but without indicating how and in what number these sensors can be used.
  • the invention aims to provide a DC motor retaining all the favorable characteristics of traditional motors improving efficiency and eliminating the drawbacks linked to the presence of a switching device with blade collector.
  • the invention provides a direct current electric motor.
  • the static elements will generally consist of transistors, associated with passive components making it possible to attenuate the switching transients, such as inductance and capacitor.
  • the progress made by electronics and hybrid circuits has made it possible to group all of the switching elements connected to the same ring in the form of a small volume circuit, which can be completely coated.
  • the contactless angular position sensor can have any of the different types commonly used in so-called "brushless" motors.
  • Each sensor can in particular be a Hall probe, a magneto-resistive probe, a photoelectric sensor associated with a photo-diode placed on the stator, etc. These sensors do not require transfer of electrical energy through contacts.
  • the coating materials and the constituent materials of the engine are chosen according to the liquid in which the engine is immersed.
  • This liquid can in particular be fuel, oil, a fraction petroleum or chemical.
  • the DC motor shown in Figure 1 has a conventional general constitution. It comprises a stator having a carcass 10 carrying magnets 12 for creating a magnetic field. Bearings 14 fixed to the stator carry the shaft 16 of the motor rotor, intended to be coupled to a driven member, such as a pump. On the shaft is wedged a magnetic core 18 having notches for receiving coils, not shown.
  • the motor does not include a switching device with a blade and brush collector, but simple smooth rings 20 of sliding electrical contact, receiving the current coming from a power supply 22 by respective brushes 24.
  • switching elements constituting, in the case of Figure 1, an assembly which can be described as electronic collector 26.
  • This collector may have the principle arrangement shown in Figure 2 and be associated with an indicator 28 of angular position of the rotor.
  • the ten coils are numbered from 1 to 10. The input of each of them is provided with two switching elements.
  • the switching elements of an order n coil are designated by the references Tn and T (10 + n).
  • the switching element Tn connects the input terminal of the coil to one of the supply polarities.
  • the switching element T (10 + n) is used to connect the input of the same coil to the other polarity.
  • the second terminal of each coil is connected to the first terminal of the following coil to place the coils in series and form a loop.
  • the electronic collector 26 is provided so as to close simultaneously a couple of two switching elements T n and T (10 + n + 5) so as to pass a current in a determined direction through the coils n to n + 4, a opposite direction current in coils n to (n + 9).
  • the indicator 28 can be provided to control two switching elements of the electronic collector at the same time, as indicated by line 30 in FIG. 2.
  • the control circuits can have various constitutions, making it possible either to use a single position sensor cooperating with the indicator 28, or a sensor for each of the two groups of switching elements shown in FIG. 2, or as many sensors as there are switching elements.
  • An advantageous solution in many cases consists in placing a single indicator 28 on the stator and in providing each coil with a sensor constituted for example by a Hall probe.
  • Figure 3 corresponds to the latter case and that of a rotor with twelve coils 1, ..., 12 and it only shows the switching elements T 1 and T 19 , using the above numbering conventions.
  • the switching element T 1 like the elements T 2 to T 12 moreover, comprises an input NPN bipolar transistor 32 followed by a power MOS transistor 34 with P channel making it possible to connect the voltage + Vcc to l input of the coil 1.
  • the element T 19 is made up, in a complementary manner, of a bipolar transistor 36 of PNP type, followed by an MOS transistor with N channel 38, intended to connect the voltage -Vcc to the output of the coil 6 and at the input of the coil 7.
  • Zener diodes 39 connect the gate of the MOS transistors to the respective + Vcc and -Vcc power supplies to eliminate overvoltages.
  • the transistors 32 and 36 are simultaneously controlled by a drive circuit 40 containing a sensor 42 assigned to the pair of communication elements T 1 and T 19 , an amplifier 44 and a threshold circuit 46 whose calibration determines the angular range of the rotor during which the transistors 32 and 36 are conductive and therefore the coils are supplied.
  • the voltages + Vcc and -Vcc will generally be + 27 Volts and 0 Volt. They are generally obtained from the on-board power supply via a LC type filtering cell 48.
  • the power supply advantageously includes a surge limiter absorbing the switching transistors, which can be constituted by one or more Zener 50 diodes connected in series and / or a lightning protection constituted by or more bidirectional Zener 52 diodes, placed between the pole low voltage power supply and ground.
  • a surge limiter absorbing the switching transistors which can be constituted by one or more Zener 50 diodes connected in series and / or a lightning protection constituted by or more bidirectional Zener 52 diodes, placed between the pole low voltage power supply and ground.
  • FIG. 4 shows, by way of example of a variant, a rotor the electronic collector of which consists of two assemblies 26a and 26b each placed at one end of the rotor and each associated with an indicator 28a or 28b.
  • the assembly 26a then comprises, in the case of ten coils, the switching elements T 1 to T 10 while the assembly 26b contains the switching elements T 11 to T 20 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Brushless Motors (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Gleichstromelektromotor mit einem Stator, der Magnete zur Erzeugung eines induktiven elektrischen Feldes umfaßt; und einen Rotor mit 2n in Serie angeordneten Spulen (wobei n zumindest gleich 2 ist), zwei geglättete Ringe (20) zur Gleichstromversorgung mit Hilfe von Bürsten (24), die vom Stator getragen werden und zwei statische Kommutatorelemente für jede Spule, wobei diese Elemente jeweils mit einem Ende der Spule verbunden sind sowie mit einem der Ringe (20), wobei der Rotor für jede Spule zumindest einen Meßwertgeber ohne Kontakt (42) aufweist, der mit zumindest einem Indikator (28) zusammenwirkt, der vom Stator getragen wird, der die Winkelstellung des Stators angibt und die statischen Elemente in einer Weise steuert, um über einen Winkelbereich des fixen Rotors gleichzeitig n Spulen in Serie mit einer Polarität zu versorgen sowie die verbleibenden n Spulen mit der entgegengesetzten Polarität durch einen Schwellschaltkreis.
  2. Elektromotor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die statischen Elemente Transistoren sind (32, 34; 36, 38), die mit passiven Bestandteilen zur Dämpfung der Kommutationsübergänge verbunden sind.
  3. Elektromotor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes der statischen Elemente einen bipolaren Transistor (32, 36) zum Antrieb eines MOS Leistungstransistors (34, 38) umfaßt, wobei die bipolaren Transistoren der zwei statischen Elemente, die mit dem Eingang und dem Ausgang derselben Spule verbunden sind, durch denselben Meßwertgeber gesteuert werden.
  4. Elektromotor nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Meßwertgeber (42) die zwei bipolaren Transistoren angreift, die mittels des Schwellschaltkreises (46) verbunden sind.
  5. Elektromotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Kommutatorelemente, die mit demselben Ring verbunden sind, in einem Hybridschaltkreis gruppiert sind.
  6. Elektromotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Meßwertgeber (42) eine Hall-Sonde ist, eine Magnetwiderstand-Sonde oder ein photoelektrischer Meßwertgeber, der mit einer am Stator angeordneten Photodiode zusammenwirkt.
  7. Elektromotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes statische Kommutatorelement einen Meßwertgeber umfaßt, und dadurch, daß der Stator des Motors zwei Positionsanzeigen (28) trägt, die jeweils so angeordnet sind, daß sie nacheinander alle statischen Kommutatorelemente steuert, die mit derselben Extremität aller Spulen verbunden sind.
EP19930400285 1992-02-06 1993-02-04 Gleichstrommotor mit elektronischem Kommutator Expired - Lifetime EP0555151B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9201352 1992-02-06
FR9201352A FR2687257A1 (fr) 1992-02-06 1992-02-06 Moteur a courant continu a collecteur electronique.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0555151A1 EP0555151A1 (de) 1993-08-11
EP0555151B1 true EP0555151B1 (de) 1997-10-22

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Family Applications (1)

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EP19930400285 Expired - Lifetime EP0555151B1 (de) 1992-02-06 1993-02-04 Gleichstrommotor mit elektronischem Kommutator

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EP (1) EP0555151B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69314675T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2687257A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001512656A (ja) 1997-01-29 2001-08-21 ブラム，ディーター・ダブリュ 発電電動機械およびそのための制御動作システム
EP1511161A1 (de) * 1997-01-29 2005-03-02 Global Electric Motor Company Limited Dynamoelektrische Maschine und ihr Steuerungs- und Betriebssystem
US8450954B2 (en) * 2011-09-19 2013-05-28 Arm Limited Electronically controlled universal motor
CH712545A1 (it) * 2016-06-15 2017-12-15 Grey Mihael Dispositivo e metodo di commutazione per motori a spazzole in corrente continua.

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3131341A (en) * 1959-10-23 1964-04-28 Nouvelles Tech Radioelectrique Semi-conductor device commutated dynamo electric machine
CH648963A5 (de) * 1978-11-08 1985-04-15 Faulhaber Fritz Gleichstrom-kleinmotor mit eisenlosem anker.
JPS5860215A (ja) * 1981-10-06 1983-04-09 Hitachi Ltd 位置検出付エンコ−ダ
US4532460A (en) * 1982-07-12 1985-07-30 Eaton Corporation Pre-start rotor positioner for an electric vehicle
IT1182912B (it) * 1985-10-11 1987-10-05 Luis Maria Antonello Dispositivo per la regolazione automatica di motori a corrente continua
DE3914082A1 (de) * 1989-04-28 1990-10-31 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektronisch kommutierter elektromotor
JPH03103091A (ja) * 1989-09-18 1991-04-30 Secoh Giken Inc ３相リラクタンス型電動機

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0555151A1 (de) 1993-08-11
FR2687257A1 (fr) 1993-08-13
DE69314675D1 (de) 1997-11-27
DE69314675T2 (de) 1998-06-04

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