Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
  • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
  • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
  • B63H1/04—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially at right angles to propulsive direction
  • B63H1/06—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially at right angles to propulsive direction with adjustable vanes or blades
  • B63H1/08—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially at right angles to propulsive direction with adjustable vanes or blades with cyclic adjustment
  • B63H1/10—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially at right angles to propulsive direction with adjustable vanes or blades with cyclic adjustment of Voith Schneider type, i.e. with blades extending axially from a disc-shaped rotary body
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/06—Rotors
  • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
  • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
  • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
  • F03D3/068—Cyclic movements mechanically controlled by the rotor structure
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
  • E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2260/00—Function
  • F05B2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
  • F05B2260/503—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position using gears
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2260/00—Function
  • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
  • F05B2260/72—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis parallel to the rotor centre line
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

• the blades of the rotor in question in this presentation are regularly arranged on its circular periphery and are capable of pivoting on themselves around an axis parallel to that of the rotor.
• the assembly being immersed in a fluid whose displacement is perpendicular to said axes; this movement of the fluid existing independently of the operation of the rotor, or being caused by it.
• it is a generator or a propellant.
• the technical field concerned by the first is that of wind turbines, turbines, etc.
• That of the second concerns on the one hand the propulsion of the fluid itself (pumps, fans, blowers, etc.), on the other hand propulsion of mobiles when the reaction on the rotor support is sought (boats, various vehicles using an air jet, etc.).
• the device of the present invention allows precise adjustment of the orientation of the blades, adaptable or not during operation, and uses only the almost uniform rotation of toothed pinions, which determines a great smoothness of operation and the possibility of high fluid velocities in undisturbed flow. This is not the case with existing rotors of the same type, where lever devices are generally used, with no precise adjustment possible and without the possibility of large fluid velocities.
• R being the radius of the rotor.
• Point B is therefore fixed, in the west of the rotor, if the absolute wind and the speed of rotation are constant.
• the blade begins to "turn back”, that is to say, stops in azimuth and begins to turn to the right. It is again directed towards the North when it passes to the West (VI) and continues its rotation to the right until its maximum azimuth (Z), which occurs towards the SSW (symmetric point of the preceding with respect to l 'EW axis). It "turns back” again to find itself directed north at point E. Throughout the approximate sector going from NW to S, the thrust is less than it would be if the "disturbed flow" of the fluid was accepted, as in the second option.
• the blade does not start to "turn back” towards the NN, but continues for some time its movement of rotation towards the left, which then determines a "detachment” of the threads of fluid, towards the w two cases of this second option is possible.
• the first one does not interest us here, because it supposes that, like the sailboats which "jibe" while veering from the downwind edge, the blade turns suddenly to the left, to resume a slow rotation, always to the left, and end up facing the wind to the east.
• the second case is more original and has the advantage of not requiring a brutal shock: the blade, towards the NW, continues its rotation to the left to find itself perpen ⁇ dicular to the absolute wind to the West; the flow of the fluid, although "disturbed", causes a thrust despite everything important, very well directed to increase the torque exerted on the rotor shaft (Fig 2, option 2).
• the overall tendency of the blade is to remain oriented towards the North.
• it is to rotate regularly at half the speed of the rotor (existing device, but without the "shift" exposed more ioinj.
• the device of the present invention in addition to generating these two "basic movements" by the appropriate choice of the ratios of the gears which it implements, algebraically adds a correction adjustable in amplitude, cyclic, of the same period as that of the rotation of the rotor, which determines the desired final orientations.
• the device of the present invention is p characterized by the presence of a central toothed pinion, circular or elliptical, perfect or approximate. fixed relative to the absolute direction Vadu fluid flow and placed, or can be, eccentrically relative to the axis of the rotor. (0) p
• each blade is integral with a toothed satellite gear A in engagement with an intermediate gearI, itself also in engagement with the central gear ⁇ - Links ensuring the correct contact of the gears, without the freedom of the intermediate gears being limited by to very devices.
• Each of these pinions can in reality consist of several integral pinions, parallel and of the same axis of rotation, to allow, among other purposes, 5 overlaps for greater deflections.
• the arrangement of these gear trains may be more ' complex due to construction considerations, provided that the assembly is mechanically equivalent to the above description.
• the blades may moreover not be directly attached to their satellite pinion, but be required to follow their movement exactly by chains. toothed belts, drive shafts carried by the rotor, etc. (fig 3). To simplify the presentation of the operation, we will consider, although this is not an obligation, that the radii of these three toothed pinions are equal. Of value "r” (this is then the 1st option (lig 33 page 2).
• the "links" 5 mentioned may be simple
• Another device (fig. 4) consists in "encircling" all of the intermediate pinions by “enclosing” their axis, with the appropriate clearance, by a crown 11 remaining otherwise free (the rotor should have at least three blades ).
• the contact of these axes with the crown to be made by means of cylindrical “sleeves” protecting them.
• These "sleeves” can advantageously be replaced by "skids” B carried by the axes of the intermediate pinions and matching the internal shape of the crown so that sliding is possible, with or without the interposition of balls or rollers. It is necessary to provide either several crowns, or only one arranged in a circular groove made in each of the intermediate gears, in the middle (Fig. 6).
• the pads P can be simple ball bearings.
• intermediate pinions are only supported by their links, in particular those (10) linking them to the satellite pinions; these can also pivot on a robust pin K linked to the rotor itself, provided that its axis is in line with that of the blade in question (Fig. 15).
• -b- In order to explain the operation of the device of the present invention, it is necessary to describe more concretely the wind turbine already taken as an example.
• centrar pinion is mounted on a "rotary base 5 which can pivot,
• a slide, carried by this part, allows lateral translation, generally rectilinear, of the pinion
• J R being the invariable distance which separates the blades from the center of the rotor, - and "r" the radius, which we have chosen equal for all the pinions, in order to simplify the expressions.
• "R""r", and therefore "bi" are construction data, by definition invariable. 40
• the angle bi becomes b (angle fai by the centers of the central pinion and satellite, seen d center C of the central pinion).
• the azimuths of the north and south blades are as follows (they are zero at 1 'E and at W).
• D Deflectors can also be used, internally or externally (or both), to channel, on the South blades, the flow of fluid in the exact orientation desired (for generators and propellers) (fig 12).
• the intermediate pinion ' I is actually composed of two parallel pinions which are integral by their common axis.
• option 1 mainly concerns high fluid speeds for a moderate rotor speed (therefore a high torque); option 2 mainly concerns periophric speeds of the rotor of the same order as that of the fluid (without cusp, but with blades with double symmetry).
• Figure 14 shows the mechanism of a propellant according to the device of the present invention.
• the rotor is a "squirrel cage” (or a half) secured to its motor shaft (1), held on its seat by its two journals (2) (or only one if it is a "half cage”).
• the central pinion C is maintained on its “rotary base”, but can slide transversely with respect to it to allow “decentering” adapted to the operating conditions (this decentring being able, in certain achievements on either side of the center of the central gable).
• propellers with a horizontal axis, with a sealed casing or not, of the first or second option, are well suited to small fast ships often sailing in shallow waters.
• the aircraft can also be mounted on aircraft, being, for example, placed on each side, under or replacing, the wings of airplanes. the axes of rotation being horizontal. A vertical takeoff is then possible, by simply acting on the orientation of the "rotary base”. A vertical thrust acting at the front or at the rear of the aircraft is then necessary to balance the torque created by the reaction of the engine torque applied to the rotor.
• the aircraft can also plan, even if it does not have a wing, the rotor being stopped or rotating slowly, blades parallel (central pinion not off-center).
• Such propellants acting in a gas or in a liquid, allow a very fast flow without the rotation being excessive.
• This characteristic is very interesting for fast vehicles, as well as for wind tunnels, where one can envisage supersonic speeds, with a "vein" of flow in continuous regular flow, of a large section; what a propeller cannot do.
• the rotor envisaged here is a "squirrel cage", 9 without a central inner shaft. Wings pivot around
• the base of the wind turbine anchored in the ground, carries rails, or slides, 1 circular concentric with the axis of the rotor, on which the "rotary base”"5" rests, to pivot around this one (rollers, rollers, balls, can be superposed).
• This movement is carried out either by a simple horizontal lever, or by actuator actuated by hand or electrically.
• this "base” includes a slide which allows the sliding of a "central pinion support” "12", which determines the "shift”.
• the adjustment is made by a worm wheel which can be operated by hand or by electric motor.
• the wind turbine described here by way of example is kept vertical by 3 (or more) spars, beams, or beams, forming "buttress arcs", around a rotating mast linked to the horizontal upper part of the rotor.
• This rotating mast can be maintained by guy wires on the rotor.
• a trunnion is provided for its rotation at the junction of the beams. These are also firmly anchored in the ground and jacks are provided to adjust the alignment of the rotating mast with the drilling axis.
• a stop must be provided at the base of the éoli ⁇ enne, on the rotor shaft, for balance: scn weight.
• the previous flying arches can be replaced by simple guy wires made of steel wire, fitted with turnbuckles to replace the jacks. In this case, it is necessary to provide a stop at the junction of the shrouds, on the mast, to balance their tension.
• '' 22 is fixed on the base, is engaged with a circular toothed ring, concentric with the axis of the rotor, fixed to the base of the wind turbine.
• This rotation can be secured to that of the axis 20 carrying the pinion 21 indicated on line 34 on page 16, by means of one or the other clutch.
• one or other of the aforementioned axes comprises a gear device, which determines "at the end of the journey", the rotation in opposite direction of two identical discs; each of them being an integral part of one of the 'clutches.
• the wind by slightly deflecting, causes the pivoting part 24 of the wind vane to "tilt", which actuates the corresponding clutch and engages, with the "driving force" 19, the pinion 21 which makes it pivot the base in the desired direction.
• a ball regulator mounted on the base 5 and driven by the axis of the "PTO" controls that of the two clutches provided which will rotate, in the correct direction, the shaft of the screw endless, mounted on the base, which determines the shift, so that the speed of rotation is within the limits provided.
• a wind force indicator which may be only a simple panel “suspended” across the wind, by a horizontal “hinge” linked to the base, can control the same operation.
• a certain amplitude of the angle that this panel makes with the vertical will activate a clutch which will decrease the value of the shift, until canceling it in the event of a storm. It is possible, by correctly choosing all the parameters that can be, to use this wind turbine to drill the well which will be used by the pump that it will put into action.
• one or more openings must be made on the upper part of the wind turbine, in the center, or near the center, as well as a concentric recess in its shaft 5, to allow the passage of the drill rods.
• jacks can also be supported either on the frame or on the drill rods themselves; in this case they can rotate with the éoilenne rods assembly, which facilitates operations.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-10-15 EP EP90915991A patent/EP0554241A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-10-15 WO PCT/FR1990/000737 patent/WO1992007189A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation

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