EP0547296B1 - Chemical oxygen device - Google Patents
Chemical oxygen device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0547296B1 EP0547296B1 EP92113862A EP92113862A EP0547296B1 EP 0547296 B1 EP0547296 B1 EP 0547296B1 EP 92113862 A EP92113862 A EP 92113862A EP 92113862 A EP92113862 A EP 92113862A EP 0547296 B1 EP0547296 B1 EP 0547296B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bag
- expiratory
- respiratory
- chemical
- fact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
- A62B7/08—Respiratory apparatus containing chemicals producing oxygen
Definitions
- the invention relates to a chemical oxygen device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- a pressure relief system for a chemical oxygen device with pendulum breathing, which exhales exhaled air when the breathing bag is filled with regenerated breathing air before it can flow through the chemical cartridge in order to regulate the oxygen production accordingly (DE-A-26 27 722 ).
- the pressure relief valve lies in the flow path of the exhaled and inhaled air, which means that not only exhaled air is blown off to the atmosphere, but also inhaled air flowing in from the chemical cartridge, so that the holding time of the chemical oxygen device is reduced.
- the temperatures of the inhaled air are significantly increased because there is a double passage of air through the heated chemical cartridge.
- the invention has for its object to develop a chemical oxygen device of the type mentioned, in which the holding time is increased and the inhalation temperature in the breathing bag is reduced.
- the chemical oxygen device essentially consists of a chemical cartridge 1 which develops the oxygen, a breathing bag 2, within which a further smaller breathing bag is arranged as an exhalation bag 3 for receiving exhaled air, one which is connected to the exhalation bag 3
- Pressure relief valve 4 which responds to the pressure of the breathing bag 2 by means of a tension element 5, a valve control 6 with an exhalation valve 6 a and an inhalation valve 6 b, a heat exchanger 7 and a breathing tube 8 with a mouthpiece 9.
- the exhalation bag 3 is connected to the inlet 1 a and the breathing bag 2 (inhalation bag) is connected to the outlet 1 b of the chemical cartridge 1.
- the flexible tension element 5 connected to the pressure relief valve is, for example, a ball chain or a cord which is divided into two parts 5 a, 5 b.
- the chemical oxygen device works as follows: The exhaled air passes from the breathing connection 9 via the breathing tube 8 and the exhalation valve 6 a directly into the exhalation bag 3 arranged inside the breathing bag 2 (inhalation bag), in which part of the exhaled air is collected in front of the chemical cartridge 1 and holds it back, while another part is through the chemical cartridge flows and reaches the breathing bag 2 as regenerated breathing air.
- the breathing bag 2 fills and releases the pressure relief valve 4 arranged in the exhalation bag 3 through the pulling element 5, which is connected to the inner wall of the breathing bag 2, at a certain volume.
- Fig. 2 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the arrangement of the exhalation bag 3 within the breathing bag 2, which is the inhalation bag.
- the exhalation bag 3, which is smaller in volume than the inhalation bag 2, extends from one end face of the same to the other in the inhalation bag.
- the end face of the exhalation bag 3 opposite the pressure relief valve 4 is connected over the entire area to the inner wall 2 a of the inhalation bag.
- the exhalation bag 3 is larger in length compared to the length of the inhalation bag 2. In this way, the pressure relief valve 4 in the exhalation bag can be controlled to the pressure of the inhalation bag 2 by means of the continuous tension element 5.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Chemikalsauerstoffgerät der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung.The invention relates to a chemical oxygen device of the type specified in the preamble of
Bei Chemikalsauerstoffgeräten ist es bekannt, den für die Atmung erforderlichen Sauerstoff als chemisch gebundenen Sauerstoff in einer Patrone mitzuführen, der aus einem Chemikal entwickelt wird. Als Chemikal dient vorzugsweise Kaliumhyperoxid (KO2).
Kohlendioxid (CO2) und Wasserdampf (H2O) der Ausatemluft reagieren mit dem Kaliumhyperoxid, wobei das Kohlendioxid aus der Atemluft entfernt und der Sauerstoff freigesetzt wird, und zwar entsprechend der Intensität der Atmung. Es ist eine bedarfsabhängige Entwicklung von Sauerstoff aus dem Chemikal. Bedingt durch den Reaktionsablauf des Chemikals, wird jedoch bei jeder Atemleistung mehr Sauerstoff erzeugt, als bei der Atmung verbraucht werden kann. Bei Sauerstoffüberschußproduktion wird im Atembeutel angesammelte regenerierte Atemluft über ein im Atembeutel angeordnetes Überdruckventil in die Atmosphäre abgeblasen. Dies ist offensichtlich eine Sauerstoffvergeudung. Um dies zu vermeiden, ist bei einem Chemikalsauerstoffgerät mit Pendelatmung ein Druckentlastungssystem bekannt, das bei mit regenerierter Atemluft gefülltem Atembeutel Ausatemluft abbläst, bevor diese durch die Chemikalpatrone strömen kann, um auf diese Weise die Sauerstoffproduktion entsprechend zu regulieren (DE-A-26 27 722). Dies erfolgt über ein Überdruckventil, das im Strömungsweg eines an der Chemikalpatrone angeschlossenen Atemschlauchs angeordnet ist und vom Atembeutel gesteuert wird. Hierbei liegt das Überdruckventil im Strömungsweg der Aus- und der Einatemluft, was bedeutet, daß nicht nur Ausatemluft an die Atmosphäre abgeblasen wird, sondern auch aus der Chemikalpatrone nachströmende Einatemluft, so daß die Haltezeit des Chemikalsauerstoffgerätes verringert wird. Darüber hinaus sind die Temperaturen der Einatemluft wesentlich erhöht, weil ein zweifacher Luftdurchgang durch die erhitzte Chemi-kalpatrone erfolgt.In chemical oxygen devices, it is known to carry the oxygen required for breathing as chemically bound oxygen in a cartridge, which is developed from a chemical. Potassium hyperoxide (KO2) is the preferred chemical.
The carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) in the exhaled air react with the potassium hyperoxide, removing the carbon dioxide from the breathing air and releasing the oxygen, depending on the intensity of the breathing. It is a need-based development of oxygen from the chemical. Due to the reaction sequence of the chemical, however, more oxygen is generated with each breathing effort than can be consumed during breathing. In the case of excess oxygen production, regenerated breathing air accumulated in the breathing bag is blown off into the atmosphere via a pressure relief valve arranged in the breathing bag. This is obviously a waste of oxygen. In order to avoid this, a pressure relief system is known for a chemical oxygen device with pendulum breathing, which exhales exhaled air when the breathing bag is filled with regenerated breathing air before it can flow through the chemical cartridge in order to regulate the oxygen production accordingly (DE-A-26 27 722 ). This takes place via a pressure relief valve, which is arranged in the flow path of a breathing tube connected to the chemical cartridge and is controlled by the breathing bag. Here, the pressure relief valve lies in the flow path of the exhaled and inhaled air, which means that not only exhaled air is blown off to the atmosphere, but also inhaled air flowing in from the chemical cartridge, so that the holding time of the chemical oxygen device is reduced. In addition, the temperatures of the inhaled air are significantly increased because there is a double passage of air through the heated chemical cartridge.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Chemikalsauerstoffgerät der eingangs genannten Art zu entwickeln, bei dem die Haltezeit erhöht und die Einatemtemperatur im Atembeutel gesenkt wird.The invention has for its object to develop a chemical oxygen device of the type mentioned, in which the holding time is increased and the inhalation temperature in the breathing bag is reduced.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 genannten Merkmalen gelöst. Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß stets eine bedarfsabhängige Sauerstoffproduktion in der Chemikalpatrone erfolgt, die eine gedrosselte Sauerstoffentwicklung bewirkt, so daß kein überschüssiger Sauerstoff abgeführt wird. Hinzu kommt, daß die Einatemluft weniger Kohlendioxid enthält. Diese beiden Sachverhalte bewirken, daß die Haltezeit des Gerätes gegenüber der Haltezeit des bekannten Gerätes verlängert ist. Als weiterer Vorteil ist zu nennen, daß durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung des Ausatembeutels innerhalb des Atembeutels, der der Einatembeutel ist, die heiße Einatemluft sich am Umfang des mit der kühleren Ausatemluft gefüllten Ausatembeutels abkühlt.This object is achieved with the features mentioned in the characterizing part of
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.The invention is described below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings.
Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Chemikalsauerstoffgerätes, wobei der Ausatembeutel mit einer Stirnfläche innerhalb des Atembeutels an diesen festgelegt ist, und
- Fig. 2
- eine weitere schematische Darstellung nach Fig. 1, wobei der Ausatembeutel mit seinen zwei Stirnflächen im Innern des Ausatembeutels festgelegt ist.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a chemical oxygen device according to the invention, wherein the exhalation bag is attached to an end face within the breathing bag, and
- Fig. 2
- a further schematic representation of FIG. 1, wherein the exhalation bag is fixed with its two end faces inside the exhalation bag.
Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, besteht das Chemikalsauerstoffgerät im wesentlichen aus einer den Sauerstoff enwickelnden Chemikalpatrone 1, einem Atembeutel 2, innerhalb dessen ein weiterer kleinerer Atembeutel als Ausatembeutel 3 zur Aufnahme angesammelter Ausatemluft angeordnet ist, einem mit dem Ausatembeutel 3 in Verbindung stehenden überdruckventil 4, das auf den Druck des Atembeutels 2 mittels eines Zugelementes 5 anspricht, einer Ventilsteuerung 6 mit einem Ausatemventil 6 a und einem Einatemventil 6 b, einem Wärmeaustauscher 7 und einem Atemschlauch 8 mit einem Mundstück 9.
Der Ausatembeutel 3 ist am Eingang 1 a und der Atembeutel 2 (Einatembeutel) ist am Ausgang 1 b der Chemikalpatrone 1 angeschlossen. Das mit dem Überdruckventil verbundene flexible Zugelement 5 ist beispielsweise eine Kugelkette oder eine Schnur, die in zwei Teile 5 a, 5 b unterteilt ist.
Die Wirkungsweise des Chemikalsauerstoffgerätes ist folgende:
Die Ausatemluft gelangt vom Atemanschluß 9 über den Atemschlauch 8 und das Ausatemventil 6 a direkt in den innerhalb des Atembeutels 2 (Einatembeutel) angeordneten Ausatembeutel 3, in dem ein Teil der Ausatemluft vor der Chemikalpatrone 1 angesammelt wird und diesen zurückhält, während ein anderer Teil durch die Chemikalpatrone strömt und als regenerierte Atemluft in den Atembeutel 2 gelangt. Bei Sauerstoffüberproduktion füllt sich der Atembeutel 2 und löst bei einem bestimmten Volumen das im Ausatembeutel 3 angeordnete Überdruckventil 4 durch das mit der Atembeutelinnenwand 2 a verbundene Zugelement 5, z. B. eine Kette, aus. Beim Prallwerden des Atembeutels 2 wird das Überdruckventil 4 in die Offenstellung gezogen. Die angesammelte Ausatemluft vor der Chemikalpatrone strömt teilweise in die Umgebungsatmosphäre ab und steht somit zur weiteren Sauerstoffproduktion nicht zur Verfügung. Dieser Kreislauf der Atemluft wiederholt sich.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the chemical oxygen device essentially consists of a
The
The chemical oxygen device works as follows:
The exhaled air passes from the
Fig. 2 zeigt eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführung der Anordnung des Ausatembeutels 3 innerhalb des Atembeutels 2, der der Einatembeutel ist. Der gegenüber dem Einatembeutel 2 im Volumen kleinere Ausatembeutel 3 erstreckt sich im Einatembeutel von einer Stirnfläche desselben zur anderen. Hierbei ist die dem überdruckventil 4 gegenüberliegende Stirnfläche des Ausatembeutels 3 vollflächig mit der Innenwand 2 a des Einatembeutels verbunden. Der Ausatembeutel 3 ist im Zuschnitt in der Länge gegenüber der Länge des Einatembeutels 2 größer.
Auf diese Weise kann das Überdruckventil 4 im Ausatembeutel mittels des durchgehenden Zugelementes 5 auf den Druck des Einatembeutels 2 gesteuert werden.Fig. 2 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the arrangement of the
In this way, the pressure relief valve 4 in the exhalation bag can be controlled to the pressure of the
Claims (7)
- Chemical oxygen apparatus with circulatory respiration equipped with a chemical cartridge that binds carbon dioxide and water vapor as well as releases oxygen and a respiratory bag with a pressure control valve characterized by the fact thata) another small respiratory bag is arranged within the respiratory bag (2) as an expiratory bag (3) that is positioned at the entrance in front of the chemical cartridge (1) to accept accumulated expiration andb) an expiratory bag (3) with a pressure control valve (4) for release to the ambient atmosphere that responds to the pressure of the respiratory bag (2).
- Chemical oxygen apparatus in accordance with claim 1 characterized by the fact that the expiratory bag (3) is connected at the entrance (1a) and the respiratory bag (2) at the exit (1b) of the chemical cartridge.
- Chemical oxygen apparatus in accordance with claim 1 characterized by the fact that a tension element (5) is connected to the pressure control valve as a control component and consists of 2 parts (5a, 5b) where one part (5a) is firmly positioned between the pressure control valve and the inner wall (3a) of the expiratory bag and the other part between the outer wall (3b) of the expiratory bag (3) and the inner wall (2a) of the inhalant bag (2).
- Chemical oxygen apparatus in accordance with claim 1 and 2 characterized by the fact that the expiratory bag (3) which is smaller in volume compared to the respiratory bag (2) extends within the respiratory bag from one facial surface (2b) of it to the other.
- Chemical oxygen apparatus in accordance with claim 1, 2 and 4 characterized by the fact that the facial surface of the expiratory bag (3) opposite the pressure control valve (4) is joined over its entire surface with the inner wall (2a) of the respiratory bag (2).
- Chemical oxygen apparatus in accordance with claim 1, 2, 4 and 5 characterized by the fact that the expiratory bag (3) is designed longer in length in comparison to the length of the respiratory bag (2).
- Chemical oxygen apparatus in accordance with claim 1 characterized by the fact that the expiratory bag (3) within the respiratory bag (2) is designed as an air distributor, and the warm air that emerges from the chemical cartridge (1) is directed to the outer peripheral surface of the expiratory bag (3) and to the inner peripheral surface of the respiratory bag (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4137331 | 1991-11-13 | ||
DE4137331A DE4137331C2 (en) | 1991-11-13 | 1991-11-13 | Chemical oxygen device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0547296A1 EP0547296A1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
EP0547296B1 true EP0547296B1 (en) | 1996-04-03 |
Family
ID=6444718
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92113862A Expired - Lifetime EP0547296B1 (en) | 1991-11-13 | 1992-08-14 | Chemical oxygen device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0547296B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4137331C2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL169110B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4411560C1 (en) * | 1994-04-02 | 1995-08-03 | Auergesellschaft Gmbh | Chemical oxygen@ supply equipment |
CA2683542C (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2013-03-12 | Robert E. Stewart | Emergency breathing bag |
CN102337924B (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-04-17 | 山西瑞石防护技术有限公司 | Compound type self-rescuer |
CN105879255A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-08-24 | 陈晓曦 | Novel isolating type chemically bound oxygen self-rescuer for mining |
US20220001218A1 (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2022-01-06 | Dezega Holding Ukraine, Llc | Insulating breather |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3980081A (en) * | 1975-06-25 | 1976-09-14 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Self-rescue breathing apparatus |
DE2647987A1 (en) * | 1976-10-20 | 1978-04-27 | Auergesellschaft Gmbh | CHEMICAL-OXYGEN DEVICE |
DE3514345A1 (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1986-10-30 | Auergesellschaft Gmbh, 1000 Berlin | Breathing bag |
JPH0545316Y2 (en) * | 1986-07-25 | 1993-11-18 |
-
1991
- 1991-11-13 DE DE4137331A patent/DE4137331C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-07-23 PL PL92295390A patent/PL169110B1/en unknown
- 1992-08-14 EP EP92113862A patent/EP0547296B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-14 DE DE59205902T patent/DE59205902D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL169110B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 |
DE4137331A1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
EP0547296A1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
PL295390A1 (en) | 1993-05-31 |
DE59205902D1 (en) | 1996-05-09 |
DE4137331C2 (en) | 1994-09-01 |
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