EP0543092A1 - Method for repairing a mold for continuous casting of steel - Google Patents
Method for repairing a mold for continuous casting of steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0543092A1 EP0543092A1 EP92114442A EP92114442A EP0543092A1 EP 0543092 A1 EP0543092 A1 EP 0543092A1 EP 92114442 A EP92114442 A EP 92114442A EP 92114442 A EP92114442 A EP 92114442A EP 0543092 A1 EP0543092 A1 EP 0543092A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- copper
- mould
- wear
- mandrel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/057—Manufacturing or calibrating the moulds
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for working up one-piece copper molds which have become unusable due to wear and tear for the continuous casting of steel, the inner sides being removed mechanically to the depth of wear.
- One-piece copper molds of this type generally have a rectangular inner cross section, which decreases in the direction of flow, corresponding to the decreasing volume of the steel that is solidifying. Furthermore, they are curved in their longitudinal direction. In this respect, they are considered to be geometrically complicated, which requires a corresponding manufacturing outlay. Therefore, it is usually economical to repair worn molds as far as the state of wear permits. Of course, a repair procedure must also take the geometric conditions into account. It is therefore customary to mechanically process the molds on the inside by removal, the removal having to extend to the depth of the wear. As a result, however, the mold is then thinner than before, so that in the end, falling below the wall thickness required for thermal reasons and reasons of strength limits the possibilities for repair. An ablation process in which the mold taper is reversed is ultimately subject to these restrictions.
- the object of the invention is to further develop the known method in such a way that the mold can be restored to its original state. So you should not only have the original internal dimensions, but also be unchanged on the outside, so that the strength and the cooling effect are unchanged. If necessary, grooves should also run in the outer wall, which are required for the sealing connection to a coolant system.
- this object is achieved in that, according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1 A combination of different features is selected, the application of which leads to a repaired mold that matches the original dimensions.
- the extent of the deformation provided according to the invention is evident from the fact that the mold after the inventive treatment is longer than before. It is therefore finally shortened to its specified length.
- the extent of the longitudinal section can be concluded from the deformation that has occurred.
- the copper applied to the outer sides of the mold is generally chosen to be approximately twice the volume as it was removed on the inside in accordance with the internal wear. Precise specifications for this depend on the size of the molds from. It can be determined empirically very easily.
- the elongation of the mold described above by the treatment according to the invention is not only important as a control measure for the deformation that has occurred, but also has a constructive meaning in the case of molds with groove tracks provided on the outer edge for the connection of cooling devices. These groove tracks would not be maintained by the measures according to the invention which are proposed in detail.
- the part which extends beyond the stated dimension is cut off after the shaping, whereupon the groove tracks can finally be introduced again in the edge zones in a further process cut.
- the invention proves itself very well when it is important, on the one hand, to create a mechanically and thermally highly resilient forming structure, and, on the other hand, to be able to restore the groove tracks in the type of forming as a result.
- the mold 6 shown in FIG. 1 is curved in its longitudinal direction, as shown in particular by the longitudinal axis 7. Accordingly, their internal dimensions 2 are curved on the one hand and on the other hand in the exit direction still conical.
- a new internal dimension 3 is achieved, which is initially still above the intended value.
- the mold 6 undergoes an external treatment, which consists in the application of copper.
- the original external dimension 1 becomes larger due to the treatment, so that the new external dimension 4 results.
- the mold treated with these values of the internal and external dimensions is treated with an internal mandrel and a drawing nozzle, as taught by the proposal of the invention. Such methods are known as such and do not form the subject of the invention.
- DE-OS 39 08 977.0 deals with such a reshaping.
- the increase in length 5, as illustrated in the lower part of FIG. 3, is interesting in the sense of the present invention. This length must be cut off in order to regain the initial shape of the mold. After the mechanical removal of the increase in length, the mold not only assumed the original values in terms of its length, but also in terms of its internal dimension 2 and its external dimension 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a mold corresponding to FIG. 1 with an upper circumferential groove 10, which serves for the sealing connection to a coolant system.
- This groove 10 presupposes a length section 9, the extension of which in the longitudinal direction of the mold must be obtained as a longitudinal expansion in the treatment according to the invention, in order to have the initial shape available again after mechanical incorporation of a new groove 10.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von durch Verschleiß unbrauchbar gewordenen, einteiligen Kupferkokillen für das Stranggießen von Stahl, wobei die Innenseiten mechanisch bis zur Tiefe des Verschleißes abgetragen werden.The invention relates to a method for working up one-piece copper molds which have become unusable due to wear and tear for the continuous casting of steel, the inner sides being removed mechanically to the depth of wear.
Einteilige Kupferkokillen dieser Gattung haben in der Regel einen rechteckigen Innenquerschnitt, der sich in Durchflußrichtung verkleinert, entsprechend dem kleiner werdenden Volumen des in Erstarrung befindlichen Stahls. Weiterhin sind sie in ihrer Längsrichtung gekrümmt. Sie gelten insoweit als geometrisch kompliziert, was einen entsprechenden Herstellungsaufwand bedingt. Daher ist es meistens wirtschaftlich, verschlissene Kokillen wieder instandzusetzen, soweit der Verschleißzustand es zuläßt. Selbstverständlich muß ein Instandsetzungsverfahren den geometrischen Verhältnissen, gleichfalls Rechnung tragen. Üblich ist daher, die Kokillen innenseitig durch Abtragung mechanisch zu bearbeiten, wobei die Abtragung bis zur Tiefe des Verschleisses reichen muß. Im Ergebnis ist die Kokille dann aber dünner als vorher, so daß schließlich ein Unterschreiten der aus thermischen Gründen und Festigkeitsgründen erforderlichen Wandstärke den Instandsetzungsmöglichkeiten Grenzen setzt. Auch ein Abtragungsverfahren, bei welchem die Kokillen-Konizität umgekehrt wird, ist letztlich diesen Einschränkungen unterworfen.One-piece copper molds of this type generally have a rectangular inner cross section, which decreases in the direction of flow, corresponding to the decreasing volume of the steel that is solidifying. Furthermore, they are curved in their longitudinal direction. In this respect, they are considered to be geometrically complicated, which requires a corresponding manufacturing outlay. Therefore, it is usually economical to repair worn molds as far as the state of wear permits. Of course, a repair procedure must also take the geometric conditions into account. It is therefore customary to mechanically process the molds on the inside by removal, the removal having to extend to the depth of the wear. As a result, however, the mold is then thinner than before, so that in the end, falling below the wall thickness required for thermal reasons and reasons of strength limits the possibilities for repair. An ablation process in which the mold taper is reversed is ultimately subject to these restrictions.
Von diesem Stand der Technik ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabenstellung zu Grunde, das bekannte Verfahren dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, daß die Kokille in ihren Ausgangszustand wiederhergestellt werden kann. Sie soll also nicht nur das ursprüngliche Innenmaß aufweisen, sondern auch außen unverändert sein, so daß die Festigkeit und die Kühlwirkung unverändert sind. Gegebenenfalls sollen auch in der Außenwandung Nuten verlaufen, die zum dichtenden Anschluß an ein Kühlmittelsystem erforderlich sind.Starting from this prior art, the object of the invention is to further develop the known method in such a way that the mold can be restored to its original state. So you should not only have the original internal dimensions, but also be unchanged on the outside, so that the strength and the cooling effect are unchanged. If necessary, grooves should also run in the outer wall, which are required for the sealing connection to a coolant system.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabenstellung dadurch gelöst, daß entsprechend dem Kennzeichnungsteil des Patentanspruchs 1 eine Kombination verschiedener Merkmale gewählt wird, deren Anwendung zu einer mit den Ursprungsmaßen übereinstimmenden, instandgesetzten Kokille führt.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that, according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1 A combination of different features is selected, the application of which leads to a repaired mold that matches the original dimensions.
Im einzelnen führt die Aufbringung von Kupfer auf die Außenseiten der Kokille im Anschluß an die vorausgegangene, innere Abtragung des Verschleisses zwar schon dazu, daß eine Zunahme der Wandstärke eintritt. Dies ist jedoch zunächst noch nicht befriedigend, denn sowohl das Innenmaß als auch das Außenmaß werden größer, so daß das Stranggußmaß nicht mehr eingehalten werden kann und die Kühleinrichtungen nicht mehr zur Kokille passen, weil sie für eine dichtende Anlage an ein kleineres Kokillenaußenmaß gestaltet sind. Hinzu kommt, daß das normalerweise galvanisch aufgebrachte Kupfer noch eine sehr lockere Gefügestruktur besitzt, vergleichbar etwa mit einem Gußgefügezustand. Die weiterhin vorgeschlagene ziehtechnische Verarbeitung mit einem innenseitigen Dorn und einer außen angreifenden Düse führt nun, gegebenenfalls in mehreren Durchgängen, zunächst zu einer relativ feinkörnigen Struktur, darüber hinaus aber vor allem zu einer Einhaltung der Maße, wie sie bei einer neuen Kokille vorgesehen sind. Damit wären die Festigkeitseigenschaften und vor allem thermische Eigenschaften verwirklicht, wie sie sich sonst nur bei einer neuen Kokille erreichen lassen. Für das Stranggießverfahren ist die Einhaltung der Maßbedingungen und Festigkeitseigenschaften von besonders großer Bedeutung, weil nur auf diese Weise die Stranggießverfahren mit reproduzierbaren Parametern verwirklicht werden kann.Specifically, the application of copper to the outside of the mold following the previous internal removal of the wear already leads to an increase in the wall thickness. However, this is not yet satisfactory at first, because both the internal dimension and the external dimension become larger, so that the continuous casting dimension can no longer be maintained and the cooling devices no longer match the mold, because they are designed for a sealing system with a smaller mold external dimension. In addition, the normally electroplated copper has a very loose structure, comparable to a cast structure. The further proposed processing with an internal mandrel and an externally attacking nozzle now leads, possibly in several passes, initially to a relatively fine-grained structure, but moreover to compliance with the dimensions provided for a new mold. This would result in the strength properties and above all thermal properties that would otherwise only be achieved with a new mold. Compliance with the dimensional conditions and strength properties is of particular importance for the continuous casting process, because only in this way can the continuous casting process be implemented with reproducible parameters.
Das Ausmaß der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Umformung wird daran deutlich, daß die Kokille nach der erfinderischen Behandlung länger ist als vorher. Sie wird daher abschließend auf ihr vorgegebenes Längenmaß gekürzt. Vom Ausmaß des Längenabschnittes kann auf die eingetretene Umformung geschlossen werden. In der Regel wird, um dies sicherzustellen, das auf die Außenseiten der Kokille aufgebrachte Kupfer von etwa dem doppelten Volumen gewählt, wie es entsprechend dem inneren Verschleiß auf der Innenseite abgetragen wurde. Genaue Vorgaben hierfür hängen von der Größe der Kokillen ab. Man kann sie sehr leicht in empirischer ermitteln.The extent of the deformation provided according to the invention is evident from the fact that the mold after the inventive treatment is longer than before. It is therefore finally shortened to its specified length. The extent of the longitudinal section can be concluded from the deformation that has occurred. In order to ensure this, the copper applied to the outer sides of the mold is generally chosen to be approximately twice the volume as it was removed on the inside in accordance with the internal wear. Precise specifications for this depend on the size of the molds from. It can be determined empirically very easily.
Die vorstehend beschriebene Längung der Kokille durch die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung hat jedoch nicht nur als Kontrollmaß für die aufgetretene Umformung Bedeutung, sondern darüber hinaus auch einen konstruktiven Sinn bei Kokillen mit am Außenrand vorgesehenen Nutbahnen für den Anschluß von Abkühlungseinrichtungen. Diese Nutbahnen würden sich durch die im einzelnen vorgeschlagenen, erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen nicht beibehalten lassen. Hingegen ist es möglich, die umzuformende Masse so zu wählen, daß die Kokillenlängung in einem Ausmaß stattfindet, welches über die ursprüngliche Randzone mit darin eingelassenen Nutbahnen hinausgeht. Bei einer derartig behandelten Kokille wird der über das genannte Maß hinausreichende Teil nach der Umformung abgeschnitten, woraufhin abschließend wieder in einem weiteren Verfahrensschnitt die Nutbahnen in den Randzonen wieder eingebracht werden können.The elongation of the mold described above by the treatment according to the invention is not only important as a control measure for the deformation that has occurred, but also has a constructive meaning in the case of molds with groove tracks provided on the outer edge for the connection of cooling devices. These groove tracks would not be maintained by the measures according to the invention which are proposed in detail. On the other hand, it is possible to choose the mass to be reshaped in such a way that the mold elongation takes place to an extent which extends beyond the original edge zone with the groove tracks embedded therein. In the case of a mold treated in this way, the part which extends beyond the stated dimension is cut off after the shaping, whereupon the groove tracks can finally be introduced again in the edge zones in a further process cut.
Auf diese Weise bewährt sich die Erfindung sehr gut, wenn es darauf ankommt, einerseits ein mechanisch und thermisch hoch belastbares Umformgefüge zu schaffen, und andererseits die Nutbahnen bei der Art der Umformung im Ergebnis wiederherstellen zu können.In this way, the invention proves itself very well when it is important, on the one hand, to create a mechanically and thermally highly resilient forming structure, and, on the other hand, to be able to restore the groove tracks in the type of forming as a result.
Zur weiteren Veranschaulichung der Erfindung wird auf die Zeichnungen Bezug genommen. Darin zeigen:
Figur 1- einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäß instandzusetzende Stranggießkokille,
Figur 2- einen Länngsschnitt
entsprechend Figur 1 in teilweise instandgesetztem Zustand, Figur 3- einen Längsschnitt gemäß
Figur 1 in weitergehend instandgesetztem Zustand, vor Kürzung der Längenzunahme, und - Figur 4
- einen Längsschnitt bei einer Kokille mit einer Nutbahn.
- Figure 1
- a longitudinal section through a continuous casting mold to be repaired according to the invention,
- Figure 2
- 2 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to FIG. 1 in a partially repaired state,
- Figure 3
- 2 shows a longitudinal section according to FIG. 1 in a largely repaired state, before the length increase has been reduced, and
- Figure 4
- a longitudinal section in a mold with a groove.
Die in Figur 1 wiedergegebene Kokille 6 ist in ihrer Längsrichtung gekrümmt, wie insbesondere die Längsachse 7 zeigt. Entsprechend sind ihre Innenmaße 2 einerseits gekrümmt und andererseits in Austrittsrichtung noch konisch ausgeführt. Durch die Abarbeitung des Innenmaßes 2 wird ein neues Innenmaß 3 erreicht, welches zunächst noch über dem vorgesehenen Wert liegt. In diesem Zustand erfährt die Kokille 6 eine Außenbehandlung, die in der Auftragung von Kupfer besteht. Das ursprüngliche Außenmaß 1 wird durch die Behandlung größer, so daß sich das neue Außenmaß 4 ergibt. Die mit diesen Werten des Innen- und Außenmasses behandelte Kokille erfährt eine Behandlung mit einem Innendorn und einer Ziehdüse, wie es der Vorschlag der Erfindung lehrt. Derartige Verfahren sind als solche bekannt und bilden nicht den Gegenstand der Erfindung. Beispielsweise befaßt sich die DE-OS 39 08 977.0 mit einer derartigen Umformung. Interessant im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Längenzunahme 5, wie sie im unteren Teil der Figur 3 veranschaulicht ist. Dieses Längenmaß muß, um die Ausgangsform der Kokille wiederzuerlangen, abgetrennt werden. Nach dem mechanischen Abtragen der Längenzunahme hat die Kokille nicht nur in ihrer Länge, sondern auch in ihrem Innenmaß 2 und in ihrem Außenmaß 1 die ursprünglichen Werte angenommen.The
Figur 4 zeigt eine Kokille entsprechend Figur 1 mit einer oberen Umfangsnut 10, die dem dichtenden Anschluß an ein Kühlmittelsystem dient. Diese Nut 10 setzt einen Längenabschnitt 9 voraus, dessen Erstreckung in der Längsrichtung der Kokille bei der erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung als Längendehnung erhalten werden muß, um nach mechanischer Einarbeitung einer neuen Nut 10 wieder die Ausgangsform zur Verfügung zu haben.FIG. 4 shows a mold corresponding to FIG. 1 with an upper
Claims (4)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß auf den Außenseiten der Kokille Kupfer aufgebracht wird,
und daß ein das Innenmaß der Kokille vorgegebener Dorn in die Kokille eingesetzt wird,
und daß die Kokille mit dem Dorn durch eine ihr kleineres Außenmaß vorgebende Düse derart gezogen wird, daß ihre Innenseite am Dorn anliegt und ihre Länge zunimmt,
und daß abschließend die Kokille auf ein ihr vorgegebenes Längenmaß gekürzt wird.Process for processing one-piece copper molds that have become unusable due to wear and tear for the continuous casting of steel, the inner sides being removed mechanically to the depth of the wear,
characterized by
that copper is applied to the outside of the mold,
and that a mandrel predetermined for the inner dimension of the mold is inserted into the mold,
and that the mold with the mandrel is drawn through a nozzle which specifies its smaller external dimension in such a way that its inside lies against the mandrel and its length increases,
and that the mold is finally shortened to a predetermined length.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das auf die Außenseiten der Kokille aufgebrachte Kupfer galvanisch mit dem etwa doppelten Volumen, wie es entsprechend dem inneren Verschleiß abgetragen wurde, abgeschieden wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the copper applied to the outside of the mold is galvanically deposited with approximately twice the volume as it was removed in accordance with the internal wear.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Kupferabscheidung auf der Außenseite der Kokille mit der Maßgabe erfolgt, daß die beim nachfolgenden Ziehen eintretende Verlängerung den mit Nuten ausgebildeten Randbereich überschreitet,
und daß darauf neue Nuten in den Rand eingearbeitet werden.Method according to claim 1 in the case of molds with external grooves for sealing connection to coolant devices,
characterized by
that the copper is deposited on the outside of the mold with the proviso that the extension that occurs during the subsequent drawing exceeds the edge area formed with grooves,
and that new grooves are then worked into the edge.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die abschließende Kürzung der Kokille mechanisch vorgenommen wird.Process according to claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the final reduction of the mold is made mechanically.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4128365 | 1991-08-27 | ||
| DE4128365A DE4128365A1 (en) | 1991-08-27 | 1991-08-27 | METHOD FOR REFURBISHING COPPER CHILLS FOR STEEL CASTING |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0543092A1 true EP0543092A1 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
| EP0543092B1 EP0543092B1 (en) | 1996-06-12 |
Family
ID=6439202
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92114442A Expired - Lifetime EP0543092B1 (en) | 1991-08-27 | 1992-08-25 | Method for repairing a mold for continuous casting of steel |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0543092B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE139159T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4128365A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2090429T3 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3012490A1 (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-10-08 | Goetze Ag, 5093 Burscheid | Chromium plating stacked piston rings - using plant with main and auxiliary anodes in defined geometry relative to cathode system |
| DE3231444A1 (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1983-08-11 | Mishima Kosan Corp., Kitakyushu, Fukuoka | METHOD FOR REPAIRING CHILLERS FOR THE CONTINUOUS STEEL OF STEEL |
| DE3313503A1 (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1984-10-18 | Evertz, Egon, 5650 Solingen | ONE-PIECE CONTINUOUS CASTING CHOCOLATE AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
| DE3523044A1 (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-01-09 | Outokumpu Oy, Helsinki | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CASTING MOLDS |
| DE3621073A1 (en) * | 1985-06-24 | 1987-02-12 | Outokumpu Oy | CHOCOLATE |
| DE3908977A1 (en) * | 1989-03-18 | 1990-09-27 | Egon Evertz | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRAWING TUBE BODIES |
-
1991
- 1991-08-27 DE DE4128365A patent/DE4128365A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-08-25 AT AT92114442T patent/ATE139159T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-08-25 EP EP92114442A patent/EP0543092B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-25 DE DE59206552T patent/DE59206552D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-25 ES ES92114442T patent/ES2090429T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3012490A1 (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-10-08 | Goetze Ag, 5093 Burscheid | Chromium plating stacked piston rings - using plant with main and auxiliary anodes in defined geometry relative to cathode system |
| DE3231444A1 (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1983-08-11 | Mishima Kosan Corp., Kitakyushu, Fukuoka | METHOD FOR REPAIRING CHILLERS FOR THE CONTINUOUS STEEL OF STEEL |
| DE3313503A1 (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1984-10-18 | Evertz, Egon, 5650 Solingen | ONE-PIECE CONTINUOUS CASTING CHOCOLATE AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
| DE3523044A1 (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-01-09 | Outokumpu Oy, Helsinki | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CASTING MOLDS |
| DE3621073A1 (en) * | 1985-06-24 | 1987-02-12 | Outokumpu Oy | CHOCOLATE |
| DE3908977A1 (en) * | 1989-03-18 | 1990-09-27 | Egon Evertz | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRAWING TUBE BODIES |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE139159T1 (en) | 1996-06-15 |
| DE59206552D1 (en) | 1996-07-18 |
| EP0543092B1 (en) | 1996-06-12 |
| DE4128365A1 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
| ES2090429T3 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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