EP0541659A1 - A method and apparatus for monitoring and reconditioning the flow of liquid in heating and cooling systems. - Google Patents
A method and apparatus for monitoring and reconditioning the flow of liquid in heating and cooling systems.Info
- Publication number
- EP0541659A1 EP0541659A1 EP91914174A EP91914174A EP0541659A1 EP 0541659 A1 EP0541659 A1 EP 0541659A1 EP 91914174 A EP91914174 A EP 91914174A EP 91914174 A EP91914174 A EP 91914174A EP 0541659 A1 EP0541659 A1 EP 0541659A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- flow
- reconditioning
- monitoring
- viewing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/0092—Devices for preventing or removing corrosion, slime or scale
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for monitoring and reconditioning system liquid, i.e. the flow of liquid in heating and cooling systems, the method being characterized by monitoring and recon ⁇ ditioning the system liquid continuously in a part flow removed from the system and returning said part flow to the system subsequent to reconditioning.
- Radiators can be mentioned as an example of heating systems, while air-conditioning systems are examples of cooling sys ⁇ tems.
- system liquid embraces, primarily, system water, which may possibly contain standard chemicals, such as glycol or alcohol.
- reconditioning the system liquid of heating and cooling systems is meant here treating the liquid mec ⁇ hanically, chemically or physically-chemically in a manner to halt corrosion that is present in the system, to remove slime, precipitations and coatings from said system, and to prevent any future corrosion, slime formation and deposits from occurring.
- the system is unable to manage peak loads.
- the system exhibits circulation disturbances.
- the liquid may, for instance, have an unsuitable pH-value, i.e. a pH-value which does not lie within the recom ⁇ mended range of 8.5-9.5 in the case of heating-system water, or may have a conductivity (salt content) which is too high and which does not lie beneath 200 ⁇ S/cm as recommended for heating-system water, or an excessively high oxygen content, i.e. an oxygen content which does not lie beneath the recommended value of 0.05 mg/1 at 95 * C.
- an unsuitable pH-value i.e. a pH-value which does not lie within the recom ⁇ mended range of 8.5-9.5 in the case of heating-system water
- a conductivity (salt content) which is too high and which does not lie beneath 200 ⁇ S/cm as recommended for heating-system water
- an excessively high oxygen content i.e. an oxygen content which does not lie beneath the recommended value of 0.05 mg/1 at 95 * C.
- Another problem is that the formation of slime in the liquid can result in operational disturbances, while deposits and coatings result in energy losses.
- Patent NO 160546 teaches apparatus for venting or purging a closed liquid system in a manner as to remove small air bubbles or vapour bubbles, by causing the bubbles to agglomerate into larger bubbles of greater buoyancy, and thereafter removing the bub ⁇ bles from the system by means of said apparatus.
- U.S. 4,413,675 describes a filter and a viewing glass incorporated in the cooling system and located in the direct total flow between a motor and a radiator.
- a transparent conduit incorporating double, conical screens or filters are intended to prevent blockaging of the radiator, and the arrangement also enables the operation of the cooling-water pump and thermostat to be checked visually and indicates corrosive liquid and relative flow.
- the arrangement is said to be suitable for installation in the cooling system of internal combustion engines. The total cooling-liquid flow passes through the arrangement before said flow is passed to the radiator. It is necessary to remove and clean the filters when the need arises, during which time the system is unavoidably out of operation.
- U.S. 4,793,403 teaches a method of cleaning the cooling system of an internal combustion engine, wherein the whole of the cooling liquid is passed to a zone (a device) located externally of the cooling system, where the liquid is treated in a manner to remove particles of rust, deposits and slime.
- This treatment requires the steps of filtering-off contaminants, adding chemi ⁇ cals, such as corrosion inhibitors, adding means for adjusting the pH and an anti-corrosion agent, returning the cooling liquid from the treatment zone to the engine cooling system, and filtering the returning cooling liquid.
- broschyr ASEA-ATOM B R 75 describes the cleansing of turbine-condensation water by filtering the water prior to returning said water to the reactor, and also the cleansing of reactor water, by removing anionic and suspended impurities such as to impart a specified degree of purity to the water in the reactor vessel, by means of two parallel ion-exchange units consisting of radial-flow bed filters.
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for continuously monitoring and improving the condition of system liquid, by removing a part flow of the system liquid, e.g. the system water of a heating or cooling system, and monitoring and subsequently con ⁇ ditioning the liquid in a given order of treatment steps within one and the same apparatus unit incor ⁇ porated in said system, said steps comprising:
- the reconditioning system also includes alarm devices which function to produce an optical and/or electrical alarm signal in the event of an operational disturbance and/or when the system liquid is in poor condition, thus when, for instance, filtering-off particles, measuring the liquid flow, and when measuring pH, oxygen content and conductivity.
- the inventive apparatus is installed for the purpose of alleviating maintenance and for preventing the need for maintenance and, as before mentioned, is operated without interrupting the normal operation for system liquid, since the necessary cleaning or exchange of, for instance, filters is effected in a branched part flow which, subsequent to reconditioning, is returned to the total supply system.
- the aforesaid conditioning steps need not necessarily be carried out in the aforesaid order, and the steps may be mutually reversed when considered suitable.
- the individual steps are carried out with the aid of known auxiliary devices, which do not form part of the inven ⁇ tion as such.
- the essential feature of the present invention is that the different, individual condition ⁇ ing steps are carried out successively, without inter- rupting the function of the system as a whole.
- inventive ap ⁇ paratus and inventive method are able to improve the condition of the water in a "physical-mechanical" manner to such an extent as to enable the earlier applied chemical treatment to be omitted, even in the case of systems in which the system water is very poor.
- a flow meter with viewing glass (system liquid in poor condition). 2. Magnetic filtering.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Details Of Measuring And Other Instruments (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
A method for continuously monitoring and reconditioning the liquid flow in heating and cooling systems, wherein the system liquid, for instance water which may possibly contain standard additives, such as alcohol or glycol, is monitored and reconditioned in several mutually sequential steps within an apparatus unit integrated with the system, by taking from the total or main liquid flow a part flow which is returned to the main flow subsequent to reconditioning. The reconditioning process includes the following steps - subsequent to viewing the liquid by means of a viewing glass: magnetic filtration for removing magnetite particles; filtering-off solid particles (fine particles); removing corrosive gases; deaerating the system; measuring pH, oxygen content and conductivity, wherein an optical and/or electrical alarm signal is given in the event of deviations from mutually related liquid control-values inserted in the apparatus, or in the event of disturbances in operation. Apparatus for carrying out the method consists of a system-integrated unit which includes auxiliary devices for carrying out said part-operations successively.
Description
A Method and Apparatus for Monitoring and Reconditioning the Flow of Liquid in Heating and Cooling Systems
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for monitoring and reconditioning system liquid, i.e. the flow of liquid in heating and cooling systems, the method being characterized by monitoring and recon¬ ditioning the system liquid continuously in a part flow removed from the system and returning said part flow to the system subsequent to reconditioning. Radiators can be mentioned as an example of heating systems, while air-conditioning systems are examples of cooling sys¬ tems. The term system liquid embraces, primarily, system water, which may possibly contain standard chemicals, such as glycol or alcohol.
By reconditioning the system liquid of heating and cooling systems is meant here treating the liquid mec¬ hanically, chemically or physically-chemically in a manner to halt corrosion that is present in the system, to remove slime, precipitations and coatings from said system, and to prevent any future corrosion, slime formation and deposits from occurring.
Those problems normally encountered in heating and cooling systems can be divided into the following groups:
Acute Problems:
- Leakages and stoppages in circulation can be included here.
Operational Disturbances:
- The constant need to replenish the system with thinning liquid. The recurring need to repair corrosion damage.
- The frequent replacement of worn seals in the system.
- The system is unable to manage peak loads.
- The system exhibits circulation disturbances.
Higher Energy Costs:
Delivery of over-temperatures.
- Poor heat yield in heat emitting surfaces.
Recurrent Complaints to the Manufacturer of the Heating or Cooling System:
- Uneven climate distribution. - High operating costs.
- Recurring breakdowns in operation.
- Too cold in winter or too hot in summer.
All of the aforesaid problems can, in many instances, be due to the fact that the system liquid has a poor chemical or physical-chemical condition, i.e. the liquid has a composition or properties which cause corrosion, which in turn can result in leakage. The liquid may, for instance, have an unsuitable pH-value, i.e. a pH-value which does not lie within the recom¬ mended range of 8.5-9.5 in the case of heating-system water, or may have a conductivity (salt content) which is too high and which does not lie beneath 200 μS/cm as recommended for heating-system water, or an excessively high oxygen content, i.e. an oxygen content which does
not lie beneath the recommended value of 0.05 mg/1 at 95*C.
Another problem is that the formation of slime in the liquid can result in operational disturbances, while deposits and coatings result in energy losses.
Another common problem is the occurrence of large or small air bubbles in the system liquid, which results in lower heat yields.
Methods and apparatus for avoiding at least some of the aforementioned problems have been described and used. For example, Patent NO 160546 teaches apparatus for venting or purging a closed liquid system in a manner as to remove small air bubbles or vapour bubbles, by causing the bubbles to agglomerate into larger bubbles of greater buoyancy, and thereafter removing the bub¬ bles from the system by means of said apparatus.
In this case, the whole of the liquid flow passes through the apparatus.
U.S. 4,413,675 describes a filter and a viewing glass incorporated in the cooling system and located in the direct total flow between a motor and a radiator. A transparent conduit incorporating double, conical screens or filters are intended to prevent blockaging of the radiator, and the arrangement also enables the operation of the cooling-water pump and thermostat to be checked visually and indicates corrosive liquid and relative flow. The arrangement is said to be suitable for installation in the cooling system of internal combustion engines. The total cooling-liquid flow passes through the arrangement before said flow is
passed to the radiator. It is necessary to remove and clean the filters when the need arises, during which time the system is unavoidably out of operation.
U.S. 4,793,403 teaches a method of cleaning the cooling system of an internal combustion engine, wherein the whole of the cooling liquid is passed to a zone (a device) located externally of the cooling system, where the liquid is treated in a manner to remove particles of rust, deposits and slime. This treatment requires the steps of filtering-off contaminants, adding chemi¬ cals, such as corrosion inhibitors, adding means for adjusting the pH and an anti-corrosion agent, returning the cooling liquid from the treatment zone to the engine cooling system, and filtering the returning cooling liquid.
As in the former case, it is also necessary to dis¬ mantle this system for cleaning purposes, during which time the system must be taken out of operation.
Finally, the broschyr ASEA-ATOM B R 75 describes the cleansing of turbine-condensation water by filtering the water prior to returning said water to the reactor, and also the cleansing of reactor water, by removing anionic and suspended impurities such as to impart a specified degree of purity to the water in the reactor vessel, by means of two parallel ion-exchange units consisting of radial-flow bed filters.
Distinct from the aforedescribed, known technology, in which certain conditioning stages are carried out discontinuously, i.e. with associated interruptions in system operation, and on the total flow of water in the system, the present invention relates to a method and
apparatus for continuously monitoring and improving the condition of system liquid, by removing a part flow of the system liquid, e.g. the system water of a heating or cooling system, and monitoring and subsequently con¬ ditioning the liquid in a given order of treatment steps within one and the same apparatus unit incor¬ porated in said system, said steps comprising:
- measuring the instantaneous liquid flow and checking the appearance of the system liquid with the aid of a viewing glass;
- filtering-off, for example, magnetite with the aid of a magnet filter;
- optimally filtering-off particles down to a particle size of 0.5 μg;
- removing all corrosive gases:
- venting the entire system;
- measuring pH, oxygen content and conductivity.
The reconditioning system also includes alarm devices which function to produce an optical and/or electrical alarm signal in the event of an operational disturbance and/or when the system liquid is in poor condition, thus when, for instance, filtering-off particles, measuring the liquid flow, and when measuring pH, oxygen content and conductivity.
The inventive apparatus is installed for the purpose of alleviating maintenance and for preventing the need for maintenance and, as before mentioned, is operated without interrupting the normal operation for system liquid, since the necessary cleaning or exchange of, for instance, filters is effected in a branched part flow which, subsequent to reconditioning, is returned to the total supply system.
The aforesaid conditioning steps need not necessarily be carried out in the aforesaid order, and the steps may be mutually reversed when considered suitable. The individual steps are carried out with the aid of known auxiliary devices, which do not form part of the inven¬ tion as such. The essential feature of the present invention is that the different, individual condition¬ ing steps are carried out successively, without inter- rupting the function of the system as a whole. Those tests carried out have shown that the inventive ap¬ paratus and inventive method are able to improve the condition of the water in a "physical-mechanical" manner to such an extent as to enable the earlier applied chemical treatment to be omitted, even in the case of systems in which the system water is very poor.
The accompanying drawings illustrate schematically an advantageous embodiment of the invention, i.e. succes- sive reconditioning steps carried out in a part flow of a liquid-filled supply system. The drawing illustrates:
1. A flow meter with viewing glass (system liquid in poor condition). 2. Magnetic filtering.
3. Particle filtration (fine filtration).
4. Degassing/deaeration or purging.
5. Measuring/control of a. pH b. oxygen content c. conductivity
6. Alarm and monitoring unit (system liquid in good condition).
Claims
1. A method for monitoring and reconditioning the liquid flow of a heating or cooling system, wherein the system liquid is checked and freed from foreign, harm- ful solid and gaseous substances, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d by monitoring and reconditioning the system liquid continuously, without interrupting normal system function by effecting reconditioning in a plura¬ lity of sequential steps within an apparatus unit incorporated in the system and on a part flow separated from the main liquid flow, and returning said part flow to the main flow subsequent to reconditioning, said reconditioning steps including:
- measuring the instantaneous liquid flow and viewing the system liquid with the aid of a viewing glass included in said apparatus unit;
- magnetically filtering-off any particles of mag¬ netite which may be present;
- filtering-off solid particles (fine filtration); - removing corrosive gases;
- deaerating the system;
- measuring pH, oxygen content and conductivity, wherein the order of said different part steps may be reversed when necessary, and wherein the apparatus produces an optical and/or electrical alarm signal in the event of deviations from mutually related control values inserted in said apparatus, these deviations indicating that the system liquid is in a poor condi¬ tion or an interruption in operation.
2. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to Claim 1 for monitoring and reconditioning the liquid flow in a heating or cooling system, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the apparatus comprises an integrated unit which is connected to a part flow taken from the main flow and which includes the following successive auxiliary devices: a flow meter with viewing glass for viewing system liquid in poor condition, - magnetic filter (2) for removing particles of magnetite, - filter (3) for removing solid particles (fine fil tration):
- means (4) for removing corrosive gases and for deaerating the system;
- means (5) for measuring oxygen content and conduc¬ tivity; and
- alarm means (6) for producing an optical and/or electrical alarm signal in the event of deviations from mutually related control values inserted in the apparatus, or an interruption in operation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9002519A SE467121B (en) | 1990-07-27 | 1990-07-27 | SETTING AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING AND RECONDITIONING OF THE LIQUID FLOW IN HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM |
| SE9002519 | 1990-07-27 | ||
| PCT/SE1991/000452 WO1992002766A1 (en) | 1990-07-27 | 1991-06-24 | A method and apparatus for monitoring and reconditioning the flow of liquid in heating and cooling systems |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0541659A1 true EP0541659A1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
| EP0541659B1 EP0541659B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
Family
ID=20380056
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91914174A Expired - Lifetime EP0541659B1 (en) | 1990-07-27 | 1991-06-24 | A method and apparatus for monitoring and reconditioning the flow of liquid in heating and cooling systems |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0541659B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE106528T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2088151A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69102282T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0541659T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI96988C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO179188C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE467121B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992002766A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE501484C2 (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1995-02-27 | Bjoern Carlsson | Device for a heating or cooling system with a continuously flowing system fluid in a closed circuit |
| SE510471C2 (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1999-05-25 | Bjoern Carlsson | Method and apparatus for inhibiting the occurrence of corrosion in a conduit circuit for a continuously flowing system fluid |
| FR2741446B1 (en) * | 1995-11-20 | 1998-01-16 | Ifremer | AUTOMATIC INSTALLATION FOR MONITORING THE QUALITY OF A LIQUID MEDIUM, ESPECIALLY AQUATIC |
| GB0618802D0 (en) * | 2006-09-23 | 2006-11-01 | Smith Martin J | Central heating system condition indicator |
| DE102010044567B4 (en) | 2010-09-07 | 2021-04-15 | Aew Wassertechnologie Gmbh | Device and system for conditioning water for water-bearing circulatory systems |
| DE202010012271U1 (en) | 2010-09-07 | 2010-11-11 | Aew Wassertechnologie Gmbh | Apparatus and system for conditioning water for aquatic circulation systems |
| NL2020690B1 (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-07 | Flamco Bv | Removal device with flow control |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4413675A (en) * | 1981-08-10 | 1983-11-08 | Gano Lloyd D | Cooling system protective device |
| SE452184B (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-11-16 | Bengt Arne Persson | DEVICE FOR BREATHING A CLOSED CONNECTION SYSTEM |
| US4793403A (en) * | 1987-08-20 | 1988-12-27 | Wynn Oil Company | Engine coolant flush-filtering, using external gas pressure |
-
1990
- 1990-07-27 SE SE9002519A patent/SE467121B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-06-24 EP EP91914174A patent/EP0541659B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-24 DE DE69102282T patent/DE69102282T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-24 AT AT91914174T patent/ATE106528T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-24 DK DK91914174.7T patent/DK0541659T3/en active
- 1991-06-24 WO PCT/SE1991/000452 patent/WO1992002766A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-06-24 CA CA002088151A patent/CA2088151A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1993
- 1993-01-26 FI FI930309A patent/FI96988C/en active
- 1993-01-26 NO NO930259A patent/NO179188C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9202766A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO179188C (en) | 1996-08-21 |
| DK0541659T3 (en) | 1994-09-26 |
| NO930259D0 (en) | 1993-01-26 |
| EP0541659B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
| WO1992002766A1 (en) | 1992-02-20 |
| SE9002519D0 (en) | 1990-07-27 |
| CA2088151A1 (en) | 1992-01-27 |
| FI930309A0 (en) | 1993-01-26 |
| DE69102282D1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| NO930259L (en) | 1993-02-23 |
| SE9002519L (en) | 1992-01-28 |
| SE467121B (en) | 1992-05-25 |
| FI96988C (en) | 1996-09-25 |
| FI930309A (en) | 1993-01-26 |
| ATE106528T1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
| DE69102282T2 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
| NO179188B (en) | 1996-05-13 |
| FI96988B (en) | 1996-06-14 |
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