EP0540091A1 - Modifikation von einer Waschpresse zur Delignifizierung mittels Sauerstoff - Google Patents

Modifikation von einer Waschpresse zur Delignifizierung mittels Sauerstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0540091A1
EP0540091A1 EP92203241A EP92203241A EP0540091A1 EP 0540091 A1 EP0540091 A1 EP 0540091A1 EP 92203241 A EP92203241 A EP 92203241A EP 92203241 A EP92203241 A EP 92203241A EP 0540091 A1 EP0540091 A1 EP 0540091A1
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Prior art keywords
pulp
alkaline material
percent
weight
wash press
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EP92203241A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0540091B1 (de
Inventor
William H. Friend
Stuart T. Terrett
Spencer W. Eachus
Bruce F. Griggs
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Union Camp Patent Holding Inc
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Union Camp Patent Holding Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/02—Washing ; Displacing cooking or pulp-treating liquors contained in the pulp by fluids, e.g. wash water or other pulp-treating agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
    • D21C9/1005—Pretreatment of the pulp, e.g. degassing the pulp
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
    • D21C9/147—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with oxygen or its allotropic modifications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the treatment of wood pulp, and more Particularly to a method for distributing alkaline material upon brownstock pulp prior to oxygen delignification so that a highly delignified pulp can be obtained after oxygen delignification without deleteriously affecting the strength of the pulp.
  • Wood is comprised in major proportion of cellulose and hemicellulose fiber and amorphous, non-fibrous lignin which serves to hold the fibrous portions together.
  • the hemicellulose and the cellulose are sometimes referred to collectively as holocellulose.
  • the wood is transformed into a fibrous mass by removing a substantial portion of the lignin from the wood.
  • processes for the production of paper and paper products generally include a pulping stage in which wood, usually in the form of wood chips, is reduced to a fibrous mass.
  • pulping stage in which wood, usually in the form of wood chips, is reduced to a fibrous mass.
  • Chemical pulping methods include a wide variety of processes, such as the sulfite process, the bisulfite process, the soda process and the Kraft process.
  • the Kraft process is the predominant form of chemical pulping.
  • Chemical pulping operations generally comprise introducing wood chips into a digesting vessel where they are cooked in a chemical liquor.
  • the cooking liquor comprises a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide.
  • softened and delignified wood chips are separated from the cooking liquor to produce a fibrous mass of pulp.
  • the pulp produced by chemical pulping is called "brownstock.”
  • the brownstock is typically washed to remove cooking liquor and then processed for the production of unbleached grades of paper products or, alternatively, bleached for the production of high brightness paper products.
  • chromophoric groups on the lignin are principally responsible for color in the pulp, most methods for the bleaching of brownstock require further delignification of the brownstock.
  • the brownstock may be reacted with elemental chlorine in an acidic medium or with hypochlorite in an alkaline solution to effect this further delignification. These steps are typically followed by reactions with chlorine dioxide to produce a fully bleached product.
  • Oxygen delignification is a method that has been used at an increasing rate in recent years for the bleaching of pulp because it uses inexpensive bleach chemicals and produces by-products which can be burned in a recovery boiler reducing environmental pollutants. Oxygen delignification is frequently followed by bleach stages which use chlorine or chlorine dioxide but require less bleach chemical and produce less environmental pollutants because of the bleaching achieved in the oxygen stage.
  • the pulp is bleached while being maintained at low to medium levels of pulp consistency.
  • Pulp consistency is a measure of the percentage of solid fibrous material in pulp. Pulps having a consistency of less than about 10% by weight are said to be in the low to medium range of pulp consistency.
  • Processes which require bleaching at low to medium consistency are described in the following patents and publications: U.S. Patent 4,198,266, issued to Kirk et al; U.S. Patent 4,431,480, issued to Markham et al; U.S. Patent Number 4,220,498, issued to Prough; and an article by Kirk et al. entitled "Low-consistency Oxygen Delignification in a Pipeline Reactor - A Pilot Study", TAPPI, May 1978.
  • Each of the foregoing describe an oxygen delignification step that operates upon pulps in the low to medium consistency range.
  • U.S. Patent 4,806,203 issued to Elton, discloses an alkaline extraction, preferably for chlorinated pulp, wherein the timed removal of alkaline solution is essential to prevent redepositing of dissolved lignin back onto the pulp. If too short or too long of a time period passes in this stage, the process shows little benefit.
  • Oxygen delignification of wood pulp can be carried out on fluffed, high consistency pulp in a pressurized reactor.
  • the consistency of the pulp is typically maintained between about 20% and 30% by weight during the oxygen delignification step.
  • Gaseous oxygen at pressures of from about 80 to about 100 psig is introduced into and reacted with the high consistency pulp. See, G.A. Smook, Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists , Chapter 11.4 (1982).
  • the pulp after cooking is washed and dewatered to produce a high consistency mat.
  • the pulp mat is then covered with a thin film or layer of an alkaline solution, by spraying the solution onto the surface of the mat.
  • the amount of alkaline solution sprayed onto the mat is about 0.8 to 7% by weight of oven dry pulp.
  • the present invention provides a novel process for obtaining enhanced delignification selectivity of a pulp during a high consistency oxygen delignification process wherein the oxygen delignified pulp has greater strength and a lower lignin content than has been attainable by prior art processes.
  • a wash press is utilized to apply a desired quantity of alkaline material onto the pulp while also reducing the amount of solids on the pulp which enters the oxygen delignification reactor.
  • a first amount of alkaline material is applied to an unbleached pulp by washing the pulp in a wash press with a solution of an alkaline material to a consistency of at least about 18 percent by weight to substantially uniformly distribute the first amount of alkaline material throughout the pulp.
  • This uniform distribution of the first amount of alkaline material is sufficient to assist in the enhancement of delignification selectivity during high consistency oxygen delignification compared to processes where the alkaline material is applied upon high consistency pulp or is applied at relatively low amounts onto low consistency pulp.
  • the pulp is brownstock which is washed with a sufficient amount of alkaline material so that the first amount applied to the pulp equals the total amount.
  • the pulp may be mixed with dilution water to obtain a low consistency pulp having a consistency of less than about 5 percent by weight and preferably between about 1 and 4.5 percent by weight before being directed into the wash press.
  • the wash press increases the consistency of the pulp to a high consistency, and removes pressate. At least a portion of this pressate can be used as the dilution water.
  • the pressate may contain alkaline material and, if so, a portion may be used to wash the pulp prior to directing the pulp to the wash press.
  • the wash press is operated at a dilution factor at or near zero and at a displacement ratio of as close to 1 as possible to minimize the total alkali required. These values are difficult to achieve and maintain in commercial operation, however, so that the wash press should be operated at a dilution factor of 0.4 or less, preferably less than 0.25 and at a displacement ratio of at least about 0.5 and preferably above about 0.75.
  • a split alkaline material addition sequence is used to apply the total amount of alkaline material to the pulp.
  • the first amount of alkaline material is applied to the pulp in the wash press while a second amount is applied to the high consistency pulp. This reduces the amount of alkaline material utilized in the wash press.
  • a predetermined quantity of pressate may be retained in a holding tank. This quantity of pressate may be continuously returned or recycled directly to the pulp/dilution water mixing step.
  • the total amount of alkaline material applied to the pulp is generally between about 0.8 and 7 percent by weight based on oven dry pulp, and the pulp is then subjected to oxygen delignification whereby enhanced delignification is achieved.
  • the present invention relates to a process for treating brownstock pulp with alkaline material prior to high consistency oxygen delignification wherein the pulp is substantially uniformly treated with the alkaline material in a manner which minimizes usage of alkaline material and solids buildup on the pulp.
  • the examples of the patent demonstrate the unexpected degree of improvement in delignification selectivity compared to spraying the alkaline material onto a pad of high consistency pulp after it emerges from a press or other thickening device. This is shown by the reduction in pulp K No. from about 10 to 26 upon entering the oxygen reactor (depending upon the type of wood and the type of pulping conducted upon the particular wood) to between about 5 and 10 after oxygen delignification with a change in viscosity of the pulp from about 19 cps or more for the incoming pulp to at least about 13 cps for the oxygen delignified pulp. For softwood pulp, this data is summarized and illustrated in the graph of Figure 1.
  • a wash press typically includes two synchronous, counter-rotating, dewatering rolls configured and designed to provide a dewatering section, a wash section and a final extraction section. Pulp enters the press at a low consistency of about 3.5 percent by weight in solution with dilution water. In the initial dewatering section, the consistency is increased to about 10 percent by weight and a pad is formed on the rolls. In the wash section, wash water is introduced onto the free side of the pad and begins to be forced to pass therethrough, displacing the dilution water in the pad. In the extraction (or consolidation) section, additional dilution and wash water is displaced from the pad to raise the consistency of the pulp. The pulp then exits the press at a high consistency of between about 25 and 35 percent by weight.
  • pulp washing is used to refer to the water associated with the pulp as it enters the press.
  • wash water is used to mean the water that is added to the press independent of the pulp.
  • dilution factor is used to mean the amount of wash water which is added to the wash press in excess of that required to replace the amount of water which exits with the pulp at the wash press outlet consistency. For an amount of wash water which is needed only to replace only that amount which leaves with the pulp, the dilution factor (“DF”) would be zero. This factor is expressed as pounds of water per pound of air dry (“AD”) fiber (note: 1 pound AD fiber equals 0.9 pound oven dry (“OD”) fiber). The dilution factor can be calculated from the following formula: where
  • displacement ratio is used to mean a fraction representing the actual change in concentration of a dissolved component in the dilution water associated with the pulp exiting the wash press divided by the maximum possible change, i.e., the concentration of the component in the wash water less the concentration of the same component in the dilution water.
  • the present invention therefore provides high quality, high strength, delignified wood pulp from Kraft pulp or pulps produced by other chemical pulping processes.
  • the preferred starting material is unbleached pulp obtained by cooking wood chips or other fibrous materials in a cooking liquor, such as by the Kraft or Kraft AQ process.
  • wood chips 1 and a white liquor 2 comprising sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide are introduced into a digester 3.
  • Sufficient white liquor should be introduced into the digester to substantially cover the wood chips.
  • the contents of the digester are then heated at a temperature and for a time sufficient to allow the white liquor to substantially impregnate the wood chips and substantially complete the cooking reaction.
  • This wood chip cooking step is conventionally known as Kraft cooking or the Kraft process and the pulp produced by this process is known as Kraft pulp or Kraft brownstock.
  • the delignification results obtained with the conventional Kraft process may be increased by the use of extended delignification techniques or the Kraft-AQ process.
  • these techniques are preferred for obtaining the greatest degree of reduction in K No. of the pulp without deleteriously affecting the strength and viscosity properties of the pulp during the cooking stage.
  • the amount of anthraquinone in the cooking liquor should be an amount of at least about 0.01% by weight, based on the oven dried weight of the wood to be pulped, with amounts of from 0.02 to about 0.1% generally being preferred.
  • the inclusion of anthraquinone in the Kraft pulping process contributes significantly to the removal of the lignin without adversely affecting the desired strength characteristics of the remaining cellulose. Also, the additional cost for the anthraquinone is partially offset by the savings in cost of chemicals utilized in the bleaching steps which follow oxygen delignification of the pulp.
  • Kraft-AQ Alternatively or additively to Kraft-AQ is the use of techniques for extended delignification such as the Kamyr MCC, Beloit RDH and Sunds Super Batch Methods. These techniques also offer the ability to remove more of the lignin during cooking without adversely affecting the desired strength characteristics of the remaining cellulose.
  • the digester 3 produces a black liquor containing the reaction products of lignin solubilization together with brownstock 4.
  • the cooking step is typically followed by washing to remove most of the dissolved organics and cooking chemicals for recycle and recovery, as well as a screening stage in which the pulp is passed through a screening apparatus to remove bundles of fibers that have not been separated in pulping.
  • the brownstock 4 is then directed to a blow tank 5.
  • Brownstock 6 exiting blow tank 5 is washed in washer 7 generally with effluent 8 generated from the washing of pulp downstream of the oxygen delignification reactor.
  • the washed pulp 9 exits the washer 7 at a consistency of about 15 to 18 percent by weight and is directed to a dilution tank 10, where it is diluted to a consistency of about 3.5 percent by weight.
  • the dilution water on startup is supplied by filling the tank 10 with water 11.
  • the pulp/dilution water stream 12 is then directed into wash press 13 where alkaline material is added to the pulp.
  • a preferred wash press 13 is Displacement Press DP, which is available from Sunds Defibrator AB, Sundsvall, Sweden. Other twin-roll presses may also be used, provided that they possess the combination of dewatering, washing and displacement of the pulp, as described above.
  • the Sunds device includes two synchronous, counter-rotating dewatering rolls in a pressurized vat that has dual pulp inlets. A pad of pulp having a consistency of about 10 percent by weight is formed on the rolls at the end of the dewatering section.
  • a solution 14 of sodium hydroxide, oxidized white liquor, or other equivalent alkaline material is used to wash the pulp in the wash press 13.
  • This solution 14 is preferably prepared by mixing concentrated alkaline material with bleached pulp wash water effluent. Then, solution 14 is introduced on the free side of the pulp pad and begins to move through the pulp pad to displace the dilution water therein. By attempting to operate at a displacement ratio of close to 1 and a dilution factor of close to zero, most of the alkaline material used to wash the pulp is substantially uniformly distributed throughout the pulp and is retained thereon.
  • the wash press 13 should be operated at a dilution factor of less than 0.4 and a displacement ratio of at least about 0.7 to achieve the desired distribution of alkaline material on the pulp.
  • the alkaline material containing pulp then exits the wash press 13 at a consistency of 25 to 35 percent by weight.
  • the pulp 15 has a consistency of about 28 to 29 percent by weight.
  • the wash press 13 enables reduced quantities of alkaline material to be used for application of the desired amount onto the pulp compared to e.g., the use of a chest to add to alkaline material to the pulp. Also, the amounts of organic and/or inorganic solids on the pulp exiting the wash press 13 are reduced, so that less of these contaminants are carried by the pulp into the oxygen reactor. Thus, lesser amounts of chemical are consumed during the oxygen reaction with the pulp. In addition, compared to a conventional washer, less alkaline material is lost to the plant liquid recovery system due to pressate discharge or due to "breakthrough" of pressate into the washer effluent.
  • alkaline solution 14 can be selected the appropriate quantities (i.e., concentrations and flow rates) of alkaline solution 14 to be added to the wash press in this step to achieve a distribution of the desired amount of alkaline material throughout the pulp.
  • the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution 14 is combined with the pulp in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.8 to about 7 percent by weight of sodium hydroxide on pulp based on OD pulp after the consistency is increased by the wash press.
  • other sources of alkaline material having equivalent sodium hydroxide content can also be employed, such as oxidized white liquor.
  • the wash press 13 also removes residual liquid 16, called pressate or wash filtrate, from the pulp. Also, alkaline material which is not retained on the pulp due to less than ideal displacement will be included in pressate 16.
  • This pressate 16 is directed to a holding or seal tank 17, which can be used to achieve smooth, continuous operation of the process by retaining all pressate 16 from wash press 13. At least a portion 18 of pressate 16 is recycled to the dilution tank 10.
  • holding tank 17 is filled with a suitable source of dilution water 11, generally fresh water.
  • pressate portion 18 is returned to the dilution tank 10 and constitutes substantially all the dilution water.
  • stream 11 is utilized only upon startup (i.e., before pressate is generated by the wash press 13) or when additional dilution water is needed.
  • a portion 19 of the pressate can be used to wash the pulp upstream of wash press 13 at washer 7 as part of stream 8.
  • a split shower can be used on washer 7, with part of the wash water provided by stream 8 and part by stream 19.
  • Pressate portion 19 can be discharged to the plant recovery system as necessary to maintain water balance in the dilution tank/wash press circulation loop.
  • the concentration of the alkaline material in the wash water 14 can be increased to compensate for such imperfect displacement.
  • the recycling of the pressate to the dilution tank raises the concentration of alkaline material in the dilution water, thus enabling the pulp/dilution water stream 12 to have a greater content of alkaline material.
  • This recycling increases alkaline material retention in the pulp to the desired level at the expense of a slight lowering in the degree of washing action and the reduction of carryover of undesired material on the pulp 15 which exits the wash press.
  • a first portion of the total amount of alkaline material necessary for application to the pulp for the high consistency delignification in the oxygen reactor 21 is added to the wash press 13 in the manner described above.
  • the quantity of alkaline material needed to apply the desired amount onto the pulp was reduced compared to the full low consistency application, while the spraying of a portion of the alkaline material onto the high consistency pulp enables that process to provide rapid modification or adjustment of the total amount to be applied to the pulp to compensate for changes in the properties of the pulp or to vary the degree or extent of the oxygen delignification of that pulp.
  • FIG. 3 of the present invention illustrates the effect of increasing the percentage of proportion of alkaline material utilized in treating the high consistency pulp.
  • the solid horizontal line proximate to the 0 viscosity change numeral corresponds to the baseline viscosity achieved with all alkaline material applied to low consistency pulp.
  • the two broken horizontal lines on either side of the solid 0 line delineate the boundaries of a typical ⁇ 6% deviation in viscosity.
  • the amount of alkaline material applied onto the high consistency pulp exceeds about 50% of the total applied to the pulp, the viscosity of the delignified pulp drops below the acceptable deviation.
  • the benefits of enhanced delignification selectivity are also reduced for applications of 50% or more of the alkaline material to the high consistency pulp. Therefore, at least about 50% and preferably from about 55 to 90% of the alkaline material should be applied to the low consistency pulp, with the balance applied to the high consistency pulp.
  • the present invention contemplates similar advantages by applying about half of the total amount of alkaline material during the wash press 13 treatment described above. Thereafter, a second amount of additional alkaline material is applied to the high consistency brownstock 15 exiting the wash press 13 by conventional spray techniques to obtain the desired total amount of alkaline material on the pulp prior to oxygen delignification. This second amount of alkaline material is selected to apply the remaining amount necessary (again, about one-half of the total amount) to achieve the desired extent of delignification in the subsequent oxygen delignification step which is carried out on the alkaline material treated high consistency pulp.
  • the total amount of alkaline material actually applied onto the pulp will generally be between 0.8 and 7 percent by weight based on OD pulp, and preferably between about 1.5 and 4 percent by weight for southern softwood and between about 1 and 3.8 percent by weight for hardwood. In the alternate embodiment of Figure 2, about half these amounts are preferably applied in each of the low consistency and high consistency treatments. Thus, about 0.5 to 2 percent by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 1.9 percent by weight for hardwood and 0.75 to 2 percent by weight for softwood, is applied onto the pulp during each of the low and high consistency pulp alkaline treatments.
  • the split addition process of this invention further improves control of the addition of alkaline material to the pulp.
  • the high consistency alkaline treatment step allows rapid modification or adjustment of the total amount of the alkaline material present in or upon the pulp which will enter the oxygen delignification reactor 21.
  • the combination of easy control of both the amount of alkaline material added to the wash water of the press with the amount sprayed onto the high consistency pulp creates an optimum response to changing delignification requirements in that the precise total amount to be applied to the pulp can be easily and rapidly varied to compensate for changes in the properties (i.e., wood type, K No. and viscosity) of the incoming brownstock, or to vary the degree or extent of oxygen delignification for a particular pulp.
  • the fully alkaline material treated pulp 15 is then forwarded to the oxygen delignification reactor 21 where it is contacted with gaseous oxygen 22 by any of a number of well known methods.
  • Suitable conditions for oxygen delignification according to the present invention comprise introducing gaseous oxygen at about 80 to about 100 psig to the high consistency pulp while maintaining the temperature of the pulp between about 90 and 130°C.
  • the average contact time between the high consistency pulp and the gaseous oxygen ranges from about 15 minutes to about 60 minutes.
  • the delignified pulp 23 is washed to remove dissolved organics and to produce a high quality, low color pulp.
  • the effluent from this washing stage can be recycled for use on washer 7 or for introduction as stream 11 for dilution tank 10.
  • a portion of this stream is preferably utilized as stream 14 after the addition of concentrated sodium hydroxide or oxidized white liquor thereto.
  • the oxygen delignified pulp can be used to form paper products of unbleached brownstock, or can be sent to subsequent bleaching stages to produce a fully bleached product.
  • Additional advantages of the present invention can be obtained during the subsequent bleaching of the oxygen delignified pulp 23.
  • Such bleaching can be conducted with any of a wide variety of bleaching agents, including ozone, peroxide, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorite or the like.
  • a substantially reduced amount of total active chlorine is used compared to the bleaching of pulps which are oxygen delignified by prior art techniques.
  • the total amount of chlorine-containing chemicals utilized according to the present invention is reduced compared to the amount needed for the same starting pulp which is not treated with alkaline material in a wash press.
  • the process of the present invention also reduces the amounts of environmental pollutants caused by the use of chlorine, since reduced amounts of chlorine are used. Furthermore, due to the lower usage of chemicals in this portion of the system, the amount of contaminants in the waste water from the plant which is to be treated is correspondingly reduced with similar savings in waste water treatment facilities and related costs.
  • wash press could be operated at a displacement ratio of 1, then all alkali added to the wash press by stream 14 would be applied to the pulp leaving the press at stream 15. For operation at displacement ratios of less than 1, a portion of the alkaline material added to the wash press by stream 14 will be lost into the pressate.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
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EP92203241A 1991-10-29 1992-10-22 Modifikation von einer Waschpresse zur Delignifizierung mittels Sauerstoff Expired - Lifetime EP0540091B1 (de)

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US784184 1977-04-04
US78418491A 1991-10-29 1991-10-29

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EP0540091A1 true EP0540091A1 (de) 1993-05-05
EP0540091B1 EP0540091B1 (de) 1997-01-15

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EP (1) EP0540091B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH05195466A (de)
KR (1) KR960006125B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1080343A (de)
AT (1) ATE147808T1 (de)
AU (1) AU647973B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9204173A (de)
CA (1) CA2081398C (de)
DE (1) DE69216757D1 (de)
FI (1) FI924751A (de)
NO (1) NO924080L (de)
NZ (1) NZ244837A (de)
SE (1) SE9203113L (de)
ZA (1) ZA928294B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0863113A1 (de) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-09 Akzo Nobel N.V. Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Abwasser
US6425974B1 (en) 1997-03-07 2002-07-30 Akzo Nobel N.V. Process for treating wastewater from a bleach plant
WO2011156708A1 (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-15 Packaging Corporation Of America Method of manufacturing pulp for corrugated medium
US8632655B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2014-01-21 Andritz Oy Method in connection with the washing of pulp at a chemical pulp mill

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986004938A1 (en) * 1985-02-14 1986-08-28 Edward Francis Elton Method and apparatus for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic fibrous materials
WO1992012288A1 (en) * 1991-01-03 1992-07-23 Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. Split alkali addition for high consistency oxygen delignification

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5085734A (en) * 1989-02-15 1992-02-04 Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. Methods of high consistency oxygen delignification using a low consistency alkali pretreatment
JPH02289194A (ja) * 1989-04-20 1990-11-29 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd リグノセルロース物質の酸素漂白法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986004938A1 (en) * 1985-02-14 1986-08-28 Edward Francis Elton Method and apparatus for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic fibrous materials
WO1992012288A1 (en) * 1991-01-03 1992-07-23 Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. Split alkali addition for high consistency oxygen delignification

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0863113A1 (de) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-09 Akzo Nobel N.V. Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Abwasser
WO1998039258A1 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-11 Akzo Nobel N.V. Process for treating wastewater
US6425974B1 (en) 1997-03-07 2002-07-30 Akzo Nobel N.V. Process for treating wastewater from a bleach plant
US8632655B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2014-01-21 Andritz Oy Method in connection with the washing of pulp at a chemical pulp mill
WO2011156708A1 (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-15 Packaging Corporation Of America Method of manufacturing pulp for corrugated medium
US8961740B2 (en) 2010-06-10 2015-02-24 Packaging Corporation Of America Method of manufacturing pulp for corrugated medium
US9399835B2 (en) 2010-06-10 2016-07-26 Packaging Corporation Of America Method of manufacturing pulp for corrugated medium

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CA2081398C (en) 1997-03-25
ZA928294B (en) 1993-05-18
NZ244837A (en) 1994-10-26
JPH05195466A (ja) 1993-08-03
KR960006125B1 (ko) 1996-05-09
FI924751A0 (fi) 1992-10-20
EP0540091B1 (de) 1997-01-15
NO924080D0 (no) 1992-10-21
BR9204173A (pt) 1993-05-04
CA2081398A1 (en) 1993-04-30
AU2716892A (en) 1993-05-20
KR930008238A (ko) 1993-05-21
FI924751A (fi) 1993-04-30
AU647973B2 (en) 1994-03-31
SE9203113D0 (sv) 1992-10-23
ATE147808T1 (de) 1997-02-15
SE9203113L (sv) 1993-04-30
DE69216757D1 (de) 1997-02-27
CN1080343A (zh) 1994-01-05
NO924080L (no) 1993-04-30

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