EP0539285A1 - Control device for opening and closing bleed valves of a turbomachine - Google Patents

Control device for opening and closing bleed valves of a turbomachine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0539285A1
EP0539285A1 EP92402869A EP92402869A EP0539285A1 EP 0539285 A1 EP0539285 A1 EP 0539285A1 EP 92402869 A EP92402869 A EP 92402869A EP 92402869 A EP92402869 A EP 92402869A EP 0539285 A1 EP0539285 A1 EP 0539285A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
cable
valves
return
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92402869A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0539285B1 (en
Inventor
Guy Etienne Olivier Leclercq
Christian André Fernand Parisel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
SNECMA SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/0215—Arrangements therefor, e.g. bleed or by-pass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/023—Details or means for fluid extraction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to turbomachines and more particularly turbofan aircraft which are equipped with relief valves.
  • turbojet engines comprise upstream in the primary flow, that is to say in the internal channel 2, a low pressure axial compressor 3 bringing compressed air to a chamber combustion 8 in which the air is mixed with fuel under pressure. This mixture is burned to give energy downstream of the chamber 8 to an axial turbine which drives the high pressure compressor 4 and whose gases at the outlet provide the useful thrust for the propulsion of the aircraft.
  • Such turbojets have a completely axial configuration. They absorb by their frontal entry not only the air necessary for their operation, but also, according to the climatological conditions, sand, water, these elements constituting rather a hindrance for the operation of the turbojet.
  • discharge valves 1 are used which open the internal channel 2 on the external channel 6. These valves are placed between the upstream compressor 3 and the rear compressor 4. As shown by the arrow referenced 5, part of the flow returned in the upstream compressor 3 is deflected towards the external channel 6. Consequently, the mass of water or ice likely to seriously disturb the operation of the turbojet is deflected.
  • the usual operation of the relief valves follows the curve shown in strong lines in this figure.
  • On the abscissa is the engine speed, on the ordinate is the opening of the valves.
  • the valve closing law follows the curve which decreases in a relatively regular manner, while making a plateau just before the point marked C.
  • This operation is implemented on the relief valves by hydromechanical control means and regulation means preprogrammed to control the opening and closing of the valves according to this determined curve.
  • the object of the invention is to modify the operating law of the opening and closing of the valves without changing the equipment already existing on the turbojets, in particular as regards the control of these relief valves.
  • This modification of the law will allow a prolonged and more consequent opening of the relief valves as long as the engine has not reached a sufficient predetermined speed.
  • This theoretical modification is represented in FIG. 2 by the line curve mixed from point A to point D via B and C during operation at increasing speed.
  • the very object of the patent is to make that on reduction of speed in conditions of high humidity, the relief valves pass very quickly from point C to point B to avoid any risk of extinction of the reactor.
  • the main object of the invention is, for this purpose, a device for controlling the opening and closing of the relief valves in a turbofan engine, by motor means, control means and a system of regulation for actuating the valves according to a determined operating curve, and comprising a lever return connected on the one hand to a valve and on the other hand to a return cable itself connected to the regulation system of the control means.
  • means are provided for suppressing the action of the return cable, as long as the valves have an opening greater than a determined value, so that the control means do not actuate these valves along said curve, as long as 'they are open above the determined value.
  • the return cable is integral with a lever for controlling this return cable and on which is temporarily supported a drive lug whose movement with respect to the lever is proportional to valve opening and closing movements.
  • the lever reference comprises beforehand a rod fixed on the one hand to the valve and on the other hand at the end of a crank mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation, this crank is integral in rotation of the drive lug which pivots around the axis to describe an arc of circle and to drive the return cable by pressing on the lever.
  • the lever is mounted free in rotation around the axis and the head is mounted free in rotation in an articulation of the end of the return cable.
  • the lever can be equipped with a hook whose end comes to bear on a cable stop, adjustable in translation and whose position determines said determined valve opening value, which allows the valve opening to be adjusted at low speed.
  • valve opening is maximum. This corresponds to the horizontal segment A-B of the curve in FIG. 2. Points B and C have an abscissa corresponding to the operating point of the turbojet engine from which the opening of the valves can be decided.
  • This adjustable operating point can be for example 40% of the maximum rotation speed of the low pressure body of the turbojet engine. Of course other values could be chosen.
  • the second vertical segment B-C of this curve therefore symbolizes the beginning of the closing of the valves while the engine is running at a constant speed.
  • the point C symbolizes an opening of the valves which is the same as for the traditional closing law and for the same determined operating point. From this point C, the valves can resume the closing cycle of the old law. This last part is symbolized by part C-D of the common mixed curve with the curve representing the traditional law of closure according to the prior art.
  • FIG 3 shows on the one hand at the bottom of the figure a discharge valve 1, as it has been described in Figure 1 and, at the top of the figure the control device according to the invention.
  • the discharge valve 1 has been shown open, so as to allow a certain part 5 of the flow from the primary channel 2 to the secondary channel 3.
  • the control means 30 are connected to the control device by a strong and mixed line symbolizing a rod 14 whose two ends are shown. These control means 30 control an actuating device 7 of the discharge valve 1 by means of motor means 40. The movements of the actuating device 7 of the valve simultaneously cause the displacement in horizontal translation of the rod 14. This drives in a known manner a crank 15, 18 in rotation about an axis 20. The second part 18 of the crank is connected by an articulation at the end of a return cable 10. The latter is connected to the regulating means of the relief valve control system 1. Its role is to signal the actual opening position of the relief valves 1. In fact, it is controlled by a part of a relief valve 1 via of the rod 14. It therefore constitutes an element of the control loop for controlling the relief valves 1.
  • the control device mainly consists of a lever return comprising parts involved in the transmission of this return movement between the rod 14 and the return cable 10.
  • the principle consists in interrupting the movement of translation of the return cable 10 as long as the valves are open, that is to say in the zone corresponding to the path A to C of the curve in FIG. 2. It is therefore a question of immobilizing the return cable 10
  • the main elements of the embodiment described are constituted by a drive tab 22 secured to the crank 15, 18, a lever 19 secured to the head of the return cable 10 and a cable stop 17 immobilizing the return cable 10 during the period of wide opening of the relief valves 1. The operation of the device will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 4.
  • the fully open position of the valves corresponding to points A and B of the curve in FIG. 2 is identified by the same letters A and B.
  • the rod 14 is retracted on the right.
  • the crank consisting of a first lever 15 and a second control lever 18, integral with each other around an axis of rotation 20, is oriented downwards, the end of the lever 15 being pulled by the rod 14.
  • the second lever 18 is not in rotational contact with the lever 19 secured to the return cable 10
  • This lever 19 is in fact, in the embodiment described here, mounted to rotate freely around the horizontal axis 20 and around the articulation head 26 of the return cable 10.
  • the latter is kept at a sufficient height by an adjustable cable stop 23 which is fixed relative to the entire device and which maintains this lever 19 at a determined height by means of a hook 21 secured to this lever 19.
  • the hook 21 comes in effect by its end bear on the stop 23.
  • the return cable 10 is thus maintained at a desired height. This means that as long as the crank 15, 18 has not taken an angular orientation to the left sufficient to rotate the lever 19 by its drive support 22, the return cable is immobilized in the position defined by the stop cable 23.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B when it is a question of starting the closing of the relief valves, that is to say of carrying out a phase corresponding to the segments B, C of FIG. 2, the rod 14 pushes lever 15 of the crank. The orientation thereof changes until the drive tab 22 secured to the second lever 18 comes into contact with the lever 19. We are then at point C in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5A corresponds to the position valve open and FIG. 5B corresponds to said switching point C.
  • the main advantage sought and obtained with the control device according to the invention is to improve the operating conditions of the engine in a humid atmosphere (crossing large storms, hail, snow) and above all to avoid extinctions of the combustion which cause the engine to stop.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)

Abstract

The control device according to the invention makes it possible rapidly to position the bleed valves (1) of an aircraft jet engine in a wide open position when the engine is at low speed, so as to avoid flameout. The principle consists in momentarily interrupting the action of an automatic-control return cable (10) when the valves are open starting at a certain set value. The device is made up of a drive tab (22) integral with an already-existing crank, for translationally driving the return cable (10) when the latter is not blocked by a translation stop (23). Application to opening the bleed valves of bypass jet engines.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

La présente invention concerne les turbomachines et plus particulièrement les turboréacteurs d'avion à double flux qui sont équipés de vannes de décharge.The present invention relates to turbomachines and more particularly turbofan aircraft which are equipped with relief valves.

ART ANTERIEUR ET PROBLEMES POSESPRIOR ART AND PROBLEMS POSED

En référence à la figure 1, de façon classique, de tels turboréacteurs comportent en amont dans le flux primaire, c'est-à-dire dans le canal interne 2, un compresseur axial basse pression 3 amenant de l'air comprimé à une chambre de combustion 8 dans laquelle l'air est mélangé à du carburant sous pression. Ce mélange est brûlé pour donner en aval de la chambre 8 de l'énergie à une turbine axiale qui entraîne le compresseur haute pression 4 et dont les gaz en sortie fournissent la poussée utile à la propulsion de l'avion. De tels turboréacteurs ont une configuration totalement axiale. Ils absorbent par leur entrée frontale non seulement l'air nécessaire à leur fonctionnement, mais également, selon les conditions climatologiques, du sable, de l'eau, ces éléments constituant plutôt une gêne pour le fonctionnement du turboréacteur.Referring to FIG. 1, in a conventional manner, such turbojet engines comprise upstream in the primary flow, that is to say in the internal channel 2, a low pressure axial compressor 3 bringing compressed air to a chamber combustion 8 in which the air is mixed with fuel under pressure. This mixture is burned to give energy downstream of the chamber 8 to an axial turbine which drives the high pressure compressor 4 and whose gases at the outlet provide the useful thrust for the propulsion of the aircraft. Such turbojets have a completely axial configuration. They absorb by their frontal entry not only the air necessary for their operation, but also, according to the climatological conditions, sand, water, these elements constituting rather a hindrance for the operation of the turbojet.

C'est notamment le cas lorsque l'avion affronte un orage ou traverse un nuage dense et de gros volume tel qu'un cumulus ou un cumulo-numbus. Des quantités importantes d'eau sous forme de pluie ou de grêle pénètrent alors dans le compresseur. Si le moteur est en régime de plein gaz, l'eau se trouve vaporisée immédiatement. Si elle pénètre jusqu'à la chambre de combustion elle s'y trouve à l'état de vapeur suffisamment chaude et est pulvérisée. Elle ne cause pas l'extinction de la chambre de combustion qui est alors alimentée par un débit important de carburant. Par contre, ce n'est pas le cas lorsque l'avion est en descente, par exemple lors d'une phase d'approche avant atterrissage. En effet, dans ce cas le turboréacteur est au régime du ralenti, ce qui entraîne un taux de compression et un débit de carburant faible. Si un débit d'eau important ou des morceaux de glace atteignent alors la chambre de combustion, ils peuvent provoquer l'extinction des brûleurs. On ajoute que les bougies d'allumage, lorsqu'elles sont mouillées sont inopérantes lorsque l'extinction du moteur se produit. Si le pilote n'est pas à même de quitter la zone de pluie critique, le ou les moteurs peuvent alors être totalement arrêtés, avec les risques que cela comporte. Il s'agit du mode commun d'extinction de tous les moteurs.This is particularly the case when the aircraft faces a thunderstorm or crosses a dense and large cloud such as a cumulus or cumulus-numbus. Large amounts of water in the form of rain or hail then enter the compressor. If the engine is at full throttle, the water will found vaporized immediately. If it enters the combustion chamber, it is there in a sufficiently hot vapor state and is sprayed. It does not extinguish the combustion chamber which is then supplied with a large flow of fuel. However, this is not the case when the aircraft is descending, for example during an approach phase before landing. In this case, the turbojet engine is at idle speed, which results in a compression ratio and a low fuel flow rate. If a large flow of water or pieces of ice reach the combustion chamber, they can cause the burners to go out. It is added that the spark plugs, when wet, do not work when the engine shuts down. If the pilot is not able to leave the critical rain zone, the engine or engines can then be completely stopped, with the risks that this entails. This is the common mode of shutdown for all engines.

Afin d'éviter de tels ennuis, qui peuvent s'avérer catastrophiques, on sait éliminer l'eau qui est entrée dans la chambre de combustion afin d'en éviter l'extinction. On utilise à cet effet des vannes de décharge 1 qui ouvrent le canal interne 2 sur le canal externe 6. Ces vannes sont placées entre le compresseur amont 3 et le compresseur arrière 4. Comme le montre la flèche référencée 5, une partie du flux rentré dans le compresseur amont 3 est dévié vers le canal externe 6. En conséquence, la masse d'eau ou de glace susceptible de venir perturber sérieusement le fonctionnement du turboréacteur est déviée.In order to avoid such troubles, which can prove catastrophic, it is known to eliminate the water which has entered the combustion chamber in order to avoid extinction. For this purpose, discharge valves 1 are used which open the internal channel 2 on the external channel 6. These valves are placed between the upstream compressor 3 and the rear compressor 4. As shown by the arrow referenced 5, part of the flow returned in the upstream compressor 3 is deflected towards the external channel 6. Consequently, the mass of water or ice likely to seriously disturb the operation of the turbojet is deflected.

Ces vannes de décharge 1 sont prévues à l'origine pour éviter le phénomène de "pompage" du compresseur basse pression 3, lorsqu'on est obligé d'y faire passer un débit supérieur à celui que pourra accepter le compresseur haute pression 4, situé en aval.These relief valves 1 are originally provided to avoid the phenomenon of "pumping" of the low pressure compressor 3, when we are forced to pass a flow greater than that which the high pressure compressor 4, located downstream.

En référence à la figure 2, le fonctionnement habituel des vannes de décharge suit la courbe représentée en traits forts sur cette figure. En abscisse est porté le régime du moteur, en ordonnée est portée l'ouverture des vannes. Comme on le constate par la courbe en trait fort, au démarrage du moteur, les vannes sont en position quasiment ouverte. La loi de fermeture des vannes suit la courbe qui décroît d'une manière relativement régulière, tout en faisant un palier juste avant le point repéré C. La courbe tangente la ligne de fermeture des vannes au point D qui correspond à un régime de plein gaz.With reference to FIG. 2, the usual operation of the relief valves follows the curve shown in strong lines in this figure. On the abscissa is the engine speed, on the ordinate is the opening of the valves. As can be seen from the strong line curve, when the engine starts, the valves are in the almost open position. The valve closing law follows the curve which decreases in a relatively regular manner, while making a plateau just before the point marked C. The curve tangents the valve closing line at point D which corresponds to a full throttle regime .

Ce fonctionnement est mis en oeuvre sur les vannes de décharge par des moyens de commande et des moyens de régulation hydromécaniques préprogrammés pour commander l'ouverture et la fermeture des vannes selon cette courbe déterminée.This operation is implemented on the relief valves by hydromechanical control means and regulation means preprogrammed to control the opening and closing of the valves according to this determined curve.

Le but de l'invention est de modifier la loi de fonctionnement de l'ouverture et de la fermeture des vannes sans changer les équipements existant déjà sur les turboréacteurs, notamment en ce qui concerne la commande de ces vannes de décharge. Cette modification de la loi permettra une ouverture prolongée et plus conséquente des vannes de décharge tant que le moteur n'a pas atteint un régime suffisant prédéterminé. Cette modification théorique est représentée sur la figure 2 par la courbe en trait mixte allant du point A au point D en passant par B et C lors d'un fonctionnement à régime croissant. Réciproquement, l'objet même du brevet est de faire que sur réduction de régime dans des conditions de forte humidité, les vannes de décharge passent très rapidement du point C au point B pour éviter tout risque d'extinction du réacteur.The object of the invention is to modify the operating law of the opening and closing of the valves without changing the equipment already existing on the turbojets, in particular as regards the control of these relief valves. This modification of the law will allow a prolonged and more consequent opening of the relief valves as long as the engine has not reached a sufficient predetermined speed. This theoretical modification is represented in FIG. 2 by the line curve mixed from point A to point D via B and C during operation at increasing speed. Conversely, the very object of the patent is to make that on reduction of speed in conditions of high humidity, the relief valves pass very quickly from point C to point B to avoid any risk of extinction of the reactor.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'objet principal de l'invention est, à cet effet, un dispositif de commande de l'ouverture et de la fermeture des vannes de décharge dans un turboréacteur à double flux, par des moyens moteur, des moyens de commande et un système de régulation pour actionner les vannes selon une courbe de fonctionnement déterminée, et comprenant un renvoi à leviers relié d'une part à une vanne et d'autre part à un câble de retour relié lui-même au système de régulation des moyens de commande.The main object of the invention is, for this purpose, a device for controlling the opening and closing of the relief valves in a turbofan engine, by motor means, control means and a system of regulation for actuating the valves according to a determined operating curve, and comprising a lever return connected on the one hand to a valve and on the other hand to a return cable itself connected to the regulation system of the control means.

Selon l'invention, on prévoit des moyens pour supprimer l'action du câble de retour, tant que les vannes ont une ouverture supérieure à une valeur déterminée, pour que les moyens de commande n'actionnent pas ces vannes selon ladite courbe, tant qu'elles sont ouvertes au-dessus de la valeur déterminée.According to the invention, means are provided for suppressing the action of the return cable, as long as the valves have an opening greater than a determined value, so that the control means do not actuate these valves along said curve, as long as 'they are open above the determined value.

Dans une réalisation principale de l'invention, le câble de retour est solidaire d'un levier pour commander ce câble de retour et sur lequel est en appui temporaire une patte d'entraînement dont le déplacement vis-à-vis du levier est proportionnel aux mouvements d'ouverture et de fermeture des vannes.In a main embodiment of the invention, the return cable is integral with a lever for controlling this return cable and on which is temporarily supported a drive lug whose movement with respect to the lever is proportional to valve opening and closing movements.

Dans ce cas, le renvoi à leviers comprend au préalable une tringle fixée d'une part à la vanne et d'autre part à l'extrémité d'une manivelle montée tournante autour d'un axe de rotation, cette manivelle est solidaire en rotation de la patte d'entraînement qui pivote autour de l'axe pour décrire un arc de cercle et entraîner le câble de retour en s'appuyant sur le levier.In this case, the lever reference comprises beforehand a rod fixed on the one hand to the valve and on the other hand at the end of a crank mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation, this crank is integral in rotation of the drive lug which pivots around the axis to describe an arc of circle and to drive the return cable by pressing on the lever.

De préférence, le levier est monté libre en rotation autour de l'axe et la tête est montée libre en rotation dans une articulation de l'extrémité du câble de retour.Preferably, the lever is mounted free in rotation around the axis and the head is mounted free in rotation in an articulation of the end of the return cable.

Pour compléter ce dispositif, puisque le câble de retour est constamment soumis à une force de rappel, la levier peut être équipé d'un crochet dont l'extrémité vient en appui sur une butée de câble, réglable en translation et dont la position détermine ladite valeur déterminée d'ouverture des vannes, ce qui permet un réglage de l'ouverture des vannes à faible régime.To complete this device, since the return cable is constantly subjected to a restoring force, the lever can be equipped with a hook whose end comes to bear on a cable stop, adjustable in translation and whose position determines said determined valve opening value, which allows the valve opening to be adjusted at low speed.

LISTE DES FIGURESLIST OF FIGURES

L'invention et ses caractéristiques techniques seront mieux comprises à la lecture de la description qui suit, accompagnée de plusieurs figures représentant respectivement :

  • figure 1, déjà décrite, la localisation des vannes de décharge dans un turboréacteur à double flux ;
  • figure 2, les deux lois de fonctionnement des vannes de décharge selon l'art antérieur et selon l'invention ;
  • figure 3, le dispositif selon l'invention par rapport à l'ouverture d'une vanne de décharge ;
  • figure 4, le dispositif selon l'invention en détail ;
  • figures 5A, 5B et 5C, trois positions de fonctionnement du dispositif selon l'invention.
The invention and its technical characteristics will be better understood on reading the description which follows, accompanied by several figures representing respectively:
  • FIG. 1, already described, the location of the discharge valves in a turbofan engine;
  • Figure 2, the two operating laws of the relief valves according to the prior art and according to the invention;
  • Figure 3, the device according to the invention relative to the opening of a discharge valve;
  • Figure 4, the device according to the invention in detail;
  • Figures 5A, 5B and 5C, three operating positions of the device according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UNE REALISATION DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Pendant le démarrage du turboréacteur, jusqu'à un point de fonctionnement de ce dernier qui peut être réglable, l'ouverture des vannes est maximale. Ceci correspond au segment horizontal A-B de la courbe de la figure 2. Les points B et C ont une abscisse correspondant au point de fonctionnement du turboréacteur à partir duquel l'ouverture des vannes peut être décidée. Ce point de fonctionnement réglable peut être par exemple de 40 % du régime de rotation maximal du corps basse pression du turboréacteur. Bien entendu d'autres valeurs pourraient être choisies.During start-up of the turbojet engine, up to an adjustable operating point, the valve opening is maximum. This corresponds to the horizontal segment A-B of the curve in FIG. 2. Points B and C have an abscissa corresponding to the operating point of the turbojet engine from which the opening of the valves can be decided. This adjustable operating point can be for example 40% of the maximum rotation speed of the low pressure body of the turbojet engine. Of course other values could be chosen.

Le deuxième segment B-C vertical de cette courbe symbolise donc le début de la fermeture des vannes pendant que le moteur tourne à un régime constant. Le point C symbolise une ouverture des vannes qui est la même que pour la loi de fermeture traditionnelle et pour le même point de fonctionnement déterminé. A partir de ce point C, les vannes peuvent reprendre le cycle de fermeture de l'ancienne loi. Cette dernière partie est symbolisée par la partie C-D de la courbe mixte commune avec la courbe représentant la loi traditionnelle de fermeture selon l'art antérieur.The second vertical segment B-C of this curve therefore symbolizes the beginning of the closing of the valves while the engine is running at a constant speed. The point C symbolizes an opening of the valves which is the same as for the traditional closing law and for the same determined operating point. From this point C, the valves can resume the closing cycle of the old law. This last part is symbolized by part C-D of the common mixed curve with the curve representing the traditional law of closure according to the prior art.

On comprend que, lors de la traversée de nuages denses ou de grêle par l'avion, une quantité supplémentaire d'eau sera dégagée vers le flux secondaire, si le régime du turboréacteur est inférieur au régime symbolisé par les points B et C. Cette quantité supplémentaire d'eau évacuée correspond à la superficie de la surface comprise entre la courbe de l'art antérieur et les trois points A, B, et C. La marge d'extinction de la chambre de combustion est donc augmentée.It is understood that, during the crossing of dense clouds or hail by the plane, an additional quantity of water will be released towards the secondary flow, if the speed of the turbojet engine is lower than the speed symbolized by points B and C. This additional quantity of water evacuated corresponds to the surface area between the curve of the prior art and the three points A, B, and C. The extinction margin of the combustion chamber is therefore increased.

La figure 3 représente d'une part en bas de la figure une vanne de décharge 1, telle qu'elle a été décrite sur la figure 1 et, en haut de la figure le dispositif de commande selon l'invention.Figure 3 shows on the one hand at the bottom of the figure a discharge valve 1, as it has been described in Figure 1 and, at the top of the figure the control device according to the invention.

La vanne de décharge 1 a été représentée ouverte, de manière à laisser passer une certaine partie 5 du flux du canal primaire 2 vers le canal secondaire 3. Les moyens de commande 30 sont reliés au dispositif de commande par un tracé en trait fort et mixte symbolisant une tringle 14 dont les deux extrémités sont représentées. Ces moyens de commande 30 pilotent un dispositif d'actionnement 7 de la vanne de décharge 1 par l'intermédiaire de moyens moteur 40. Les mouvements du dispositif d'actionnement 7 de la vanne provoquent simultanément le déplacement en translation horizontale de la tringle 14. Celle-ci entraîne de manière connue une manivelle 15, 18 en rotation autour d'un axe 20. La deuxième partie 18 de la manivelle est reliée par une articulation à l'extrémité d'un câble de retour 10. Ce dernier est relié au moyen de régulation du système de commande des vannes de décharge 1. Son rôle est de signaler la position d'ouverture réelle des vannes de décharge 1. En effet, il est commandé par une partie d'une vanne de décharge 1 par l'intermédiaire de la tringle 14. Il constitue donc un élément de la boucle d'asservissement de la commande des vannes de décharge 1.The discharge valve 1 has been shown open, so as to allow a certain part 5 of the flow from the primary channel 2 to the secondary channel 3. The control means 30 are connected to the control device by a strong and mixed line symbolizing a rod 14 whose two ends are shown. These control means 30 control an actuating device 7 of the discharge valve 1 by means of motor means 40. The movements of the actuating device 7 of the valve simultaneously cause the displacement in horizontal translation of the rod 14. This drives in a known manner a crank 15, 18 in rotation about an axis 20. The second part 18 of the crank is connected by an articulation at the end of a return cable 10. The latter is connected to the regulating means of the relief valve control system 1. Its role is to signal the actual opening position of the relief valves 1. In fact, it is controlled by a part of a relief valve 1 via of the rod 14. It therefore constitutes an element of the control loop for controlling the relief valves 1.

Le dispositif de commande selon l'invention est principalement constitué d'un renvoi de leviers comprenant des pièces intervenant au niveau de la transmission de ce mouvement de retour entre la tringle 14 et le câble de retour 10. Le principe consiste à interrompre le mouvement de translation du câble de retour 10 tant que les vannes sont ouvertes, c'est-à-dire dans la zone correspondant au trajet A à C de la courbe de la figure 2. Il s'agit donc d'immobiliser le câble de retour 10. A cet effet, des éléments principaux de la réalisation décrite sont constitués par une patte d'entraînement 22 solidaire de la manivelle 15, 18, d'un levier 19 solidaire de la tête du câble de retour 10 et d'une butée de câble 17 immobilisant le câble de retour 10 pendant la période de grande ouverture des vannes de décharge 1. Le fonctionnement du dispositif sera décrit en détail en regard de la figure 4. Néanmoins, on peut résumer ce dernier en signalant que le câble de retour 10 est immobilisé en translation par !a butée de câble 17 quelle que soit la position de la manivelle 15, 18 au début de l'ouverture, tant que la patte d'entraînement 22 n'est pas en contact avec le levier 19 solidaire du câble de retour 10. Par la suite, la rotation de la manivelle 15, 18 entraîne le câble en translation.The control device according to the invention mainly consists of a lever return comprising parts involved in the transmission of this return movement between the rod 14 and the return cable 10. The principle consists in interrupting the movement of translation of the return cable 10 as long as the valves are open, that is to say in the zone corresponding to the path A to C of the curve in FIG. 2. It is therefore a question of immobilizing the return cable 10 To this end, the main elements of the embodiment described are constituted by a drive tab 22 secured to the crank 15, 18, a lever 19 secured to the head of the return cable 10 and a cable stop 17 immobilizing the return cable 10 during the period of wide opening of the relief valves 1. The operation of the device will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 4. However, the latter can be summarized by indicating that the return cable 10 is immobilized in translation by the cable stop 17 whatever the position of the crank 15, 18 at the start of the opening, as long as the drive tab 22 is not in contact with the lever 19 secured to the cable back 10. Subsequently, the rotation of the crank 15, 18 drives the cable in translation.

En référence à la figure 4, la position d'ouverture complète des vannes correspondant aux points A et B de la courbe de la figure 2 est repérée par les mêmes lettres A et B. La tringle 14 est rentrée sur la droite. La manivelle constituée d'un premier levier 15 et d'un deuxième levier de commande 18, solidaires entre eux autour d'un axe de rotation 20, est orientée vers le bas, l'extrémité du levier 15 étant tirée par la tringle 14. Dans cette position, on constate que le deuxième levier 18 n'est pas en contact en rotation avec le levier 19 solidaire du câble de retour 10. Ce levier 19 est en fait, dans la réalisation décrite ici, monté libre en rotation autour de l'axe horizontal 20 et autour de la tête d'articulation 26 du câble de retour 10. En effet, celui-ci est maintenu à une hauteur suffisante par une butée de câble réglable 23 qui est fixe par rapport à tout le dispositif et qui maintient ce levier 19 à une hauteur déterminée au moyen d'un crochet 21 solidaire de ce levier 19. Le crochet 21 vient en effet par son extrémité prendre appui sur la butée 23. Le câble de retour 10 est ainsi maintenu à une hauteur désirée. Ceci signifie que tant que la manivelle 15, 18 n'a pas pris une orientation angulaire vers la gauche suffisante pour entraîner en rotation le levier 19 par son appui d'entraînement 22, le câble de retour est immobilisé dans la position définie par la butée de câble 23.With reference to FIG. 4, the fully open position of the valves corresponding to points A and B of the curve in FIG. 2 is identified by the same letters A and B. The rod 14 is retracted on the right. The crank consisting of a first lever 15 and a second control lever 18, integral with each other around an axis of rotation 20, is oriented downwards, the end of the lever 15 being pulled by the rod 14. In this position, it can be seen that the second lever 18 is not in rotational contact with the lever 19 secured to the return cable 10 This lever 19 is in fact, in the embodiment described here, mounted to rotate freely around the horizontal axis 20 and around the articulation head 26 of the return cable 10. In fact, the latter is kept at a sufficient height by an adjustable cable stop 23 which is fixed relative to the entire device and which maintains this lever 19 at a determined height by means of a hook 21 secured to this lever 19. The hook 21 comes in effect by its end bear on the stop 23. The return cable 10 is thus maintained at a desired height. This means that as long as the crank 15, 18 has not taken an angular orientation to the left sufficient to rotate the lever 19 by its drive support 22, the return cable is immobilized in the position defined by the stop cable 23.

Comme le montrent les figures 5A et 5B, lorsqu'il s'agit de commencer la fermeture des vannes de décharge, c'est-à-dire de procéder à une phase correspondant aux segments B, C de la figure 2, la tringle 14 pousse le levier 15 de la manivelle. L'orientation de celle-ci change jusqu'au moment où la patte d'entraînement 22 solidaire du deuxième levier 18 vient au contact du levier 19. On se trouve alors au point C de la figure 2. La figure 5A correspond à la position de vanne ouverte et la figure 5B correspond audit point C de commutation.As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, when it is a question of starting the closing of the relief valves, that is to say of carrying out a phase corresponding to the segments B, C of FIG. 2, the rod 14 pushes lever 15 of the crank. The orientation thereof changes until the drive tab 22 secured to the second lever 18 comes into contact with the lever 19. We are then at point C in FIG. 2. FIG. 5A corresponds to the position valve open and FIG. 5B corresponds to said switching point C.

A partir de cet instant, et en référence aux figures 5B et 5C, la fermeture des vannes conduit la tringle 14 à continuer sa translation vers la gauche comme l'indique la flèche et à entraîner en rotation le levier 19 autour de l'axe 20. Le crochet 21 qui lui est solidaire se décolle de la butée 23 et le câble de retour est entraîné vers le haut. Cette opération correspond au dernier segment C, D de la figure 2 et le câble de retour 10 a le même rôle que dans le cas de l'art antérieur. La figure 5C correspond à la position de vanne fermée ou point D de la figure 2.From this moment, and with reference to FIGS. 5B and 5C, the closing of the valves leads the rod 14 to continue its translation to the left as indicated by the arrow and to cause the lever 19 to rotate around the axis 20 The hook 21 which is integral with it detaches from the stop 23 and the return cable is driven upwards. This operation corresponds to the last segment C, D of FIG. 2 and the return cable 10 has the same role as in the case of the prior art. Figure 5C corresponds to the closed valve position or point D in Figure 2.

On constate ainsi qu'il est possible de modifier le système d'asservissement existant déjà dans l'art antérieur (la tringle 14, la manivelle 15, 18 et le câble de retour 10) en ajoutant simplement quelques modifications. Elles sont constituées par l'ajout de l'appui d'entraînement 22 du levier 19 et de son crochet 21 et de la butée de câble 23.It can thus be seen that it is possible to modify the servo system already existing in the prior art (the rod 14, the crank 15, 18 and the return cable 10) by simply adding a few modifications. They consist of the addition of the drive support 22 of the lever 19 and of its hook 21 and of the cable stop 23.

Il est également avantageux de pouvoir régler le point C de la figure 2 à partir duquel, lors d'une fermeture des vannes de décharge, le câble de retour 10 reprend son rôle initial. Ce réglage peut être obtenu en rendant réglable la position de la butée de câble 23. Dans ce but, elle est fixée à un support 17 qui est monté coulissant le long d'un bâti du turboréacteur 27 et dont la position est réglable grâce à une vis de réglage 25.It is also advantageous to be able to adjust the point C in FIG. 2 from which, when the relief valves are closed, the return cable 10 resumes its initial role. This adjustment can be obtained by making the position of the cable stop 23 adjustable. For this purpose, it is fixed to a support 17 which is slidably mounted along a frame of the turbojet engine 27 and whose position is adjustable by means of a adjusting screw 25.

Bien entendu, la forme et l'agencement des différents éléments décrits sur cette figure et collaborant au fait que l'action du câble retour 10 est interrompue lorsque les vannes sont en position ouverte, ne sont qu'un exemple de réalisation. Le concept inventif de l'invention réside dans le fait d'immobiliser le câble de retour 10 dans une position déterminée, lorsque les vannes de décharge sont en position ouverte. La réalisation décrite par cette figure 4 n'est qu'un exemple de réalisation adapté à certains turboréacteurs existant déjà et utilisant une boucle d'asservissement mise en oeuvre par une tringle 14 et un câble de retour 10.Of course, the shape and arrangement of the various elements described in this figure and contributing to the fact that the action of the return cable 10 is interrupted when the valves are in the open position, are only an example of embodiment. The inventive concept of the invention lies in immobilizing the return cable 10 in a determined position, when the relief valves are in the open position. The embodiment described by this FIG. 4 is only an example of an embodiment adapted to certain already existing turbojet engines and using a control loop implemented by a rod 14 and a return cable 10.

L'avantage principal recherché et obtenu avec le dispositif de commande selon l'invention est d'améliorer les conditions de fonctionnement du moteur en atmosphère humide (traversée de gros orages, grêle, neige) et surtout d'éviter les extinctions de la chambre de combustion qui entraînent l'arrêt du moteur.The main advantage sought and obtained with the control device according to the invention is to improve the operating conditions of the engine in a humid atmosphere (crossing large storms, hail, snow) and above all to avoid extinctions of the combustion which cause the engine to stop.

Claims (5)

Dispositif de commande de l'ouverture et de la fermeture de vannes de décharge (1) dans un turboréacteur à double flux par des moyens moteur (40) et des moyens de commande et de régulation (30) pour actionner les vannes (1) selon une courbe déterminée, comprenant un renvoi à leviers relié d'une part à une vanne (1) et d'autre part à un câble de retour (10) relié lui-même aux moyens de commande et de régulation (30), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour supprimer l'action du câble de retour (10), tant que les vannes (1) ont une ouverture supérieure à une valeur déterminée, pour que les moyens de commande et de régulation (30) n'actionnent pas les vannes (1) selon ladite courbe déterminée tant que les vannes (1) sont ouvertes au-dessus de ladite valeur.Device for controlling the opening and closing of relief valves (1) in a turbofan engine by motor means (40) and control and regulation means (30) for actuating the valves (1) according to a determined curve, comprising a lever return connected on the one hand to a valve (1) and on the other hand to a return cable (10) itself connected to the control and regulation means (30), characterized in what it includes means for suppressing the action of the return cable (10), as long as the valves (1) have an opening greater than a determined value, so that the control and regulation means (30) do not do not operate the valves (1) according to said determined curve as long as the valves (1) are open above said value. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, dans le renvoi à leviers, le câble de retour (10) est solidaire d'un levier (19) pour commander le câble de retour (10) et sur lequel est en appui temporaire une patte d'entraînement (22) dont le déplacement vis-à-vis du levier (19) est proportionnel aux mouvements d'ouverture et de fermeture des vannes (1), une butée de câble (23) étant prévue pour empêcher le câble de retour (10) d'être constamment en appui sur la patte d'entraînement (22).Device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the lever return, the return cable (10) is integral with a lever (19) for controlling the return cable (10) and on which is temporarily supported a drive lug (22) whose displacement with respect to the lever (19) is proportional to the opening and closing movements of the valves (1), a cable stop (23) being provided to prevent the cable from return (10) to be constantly supported on the drive tab (22). Dispositif selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le renvoi à leviers comprend en outre une tringle (14) fixée d'une part à la vanne (1) et d'autre part à l'extrémité d'une manivelle (15, 18), montée tournante autour d'un axe (20), caractérisé en ce que la patte d'entraînement (22) est solidaire en rotation de la manivelle (15, 18) qui pivote autour de l'axe (20) décrit un arc de cercle et entraîne le câble de retour (10) en s'appuyant sur le levier (19).Device according to claim 2, in which the lever return further comprises a rod (14) fixed on the one hand to the valve (1) and on the other hand to the end of a crank (15, 18), revolving rise around an axis (20), characterized in that the drive lug (22) is integral in rotation with the crank (15, 18) which pivots about the axis (20) describes an arc of a circle and drives the return cable (10) in s' pressing the lever (19). Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le levier (19) est monté libre en rotation autour de l'axe (20) et dont la tête est montée libre en rotation dans une articulation (26) de l'extrémité du câble de retour (10).Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the lever (19) is mounted to rotate freely around the axis (20) and the head of which is mounted to rotate freely in a joint (26) at the end of the cable back (10). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, le câble de retour (10) étant constamment soumis à une force de rappel, caractérisé en ce que le levier est équipé d'un crochet dont l'extrémité vient en appui sur une butée de câble (23) réglable en translation pour que sa position détermine ladite valeur déterminée.Device according to any one of Claims 2 to 4, the return cable (10) being constantly subjected to a restoring force, characterized in that the lever is equipped with a hook whose end comes to bear on a stop cable (23) adjustable in translation so that its position determines said determined value.
EP92402869A 1991-10-23 1992-10-21 Control device for opening and closing bleed valves of a turbomachine Expired - Lifetime EP0539285B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9113074 1991-10-23
FR9113074A FR2682995B1 (en) 1991-10-23 1991-10-23 DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE DISCHARGE VALVES OF A TURBOREACTOR.

Publications (2)

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EP0539285A1 true EP0539285A1 (en) 1993-04-28
EP0539285B1 EP0539285B1 (en) 1995-11-22

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EP92402869A Expired - Lifetime EP0539285B1 (en) 1991-10-23 1992-10-21 Control device for opening and closing bleed valves of a turbomachine

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EP (1) EP0539285B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69206239T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2682995B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2831608A1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-02 Snecma Moteurs UNLOADING DEVICE IN A DOUBLE-FLOW REACTOR TURBO

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2266804A1 (en) * 1974-04-04 1975-10-31 United Aircraft Corp
EP0137614A2 (en) * 1983-10-13 1985-04-17 Avco Corporation Compressor air bleed overide control system
EP0374004A1 (en) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-20 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "Snecma" Bleed valve of a turbine engine compressor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2266804A1 (en) * 1974-04-04 1975-10-31 United Aircraft Corp
EP0137614A2 (en) * 1983-10-13 1985-04-17 Avco Corporation Compressor air bleed overide control system
EP0374004A1 (en) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-20 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "Snecma" Bleed valve of a turbine engine compressor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2831608A1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-02 Snecma Moteurs UNLOADING DEVICE IN A DOUBLE-FLOW REACTOR TURBO
EP1308601A1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-07 Snecma Moteurs Bleed device for a turbofan
US6938407B2 (en) 2001-10-31 2005-09-06 Snecma-Moteurs Bleed-off device in a bypass turbojet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69206239T2 (en) 1996-06-27
FR2682995B1 (en) 1993-12-17
FR2682995A1 (en) 1993-04-30
DE69206239D1 (en) 1996-01-04
EP0539285B1 (en) 1995-11-22

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