EP0537884B1 - Maschine with reverse rotation protection - Google Patents

Maschine with reverse rotation protection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0537884B1
EP0537884B1 EP92307146A EP92307146A EP0537884B1 EP 0537884 B1 EP0537884 B1 EP 0537884B1 EP 92307146 A EP92307146 A EP 92307146A EP 92307146 A EP92307146 A EP 92307146A EP 0537884 B1 EP0537884 B1 EP 0537884B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paddle
scroll compressor
drive shaft
disposed
compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92307146A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0537884A1 (en
Inventor
Kenneth Joseph Monnier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Copeland LP
Original Assignee
Copeland Corp LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Copeland Corp LLC filed Critical Copeland Corp LLC
Publication of EP0537884A1 publication Critical patent/EP0537884A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0537884B1 publication Critical patent/EP0537884B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/04—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents of internal-axis type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02—Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • F04C29/028—Means for improving or restricting lubricant flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/70—Safety, emergency conditions or requirements
    • F04C2270/72—Safety, emergency conditions or requirements preventing reverse rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/109—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life
    • F05B2270/1097—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life by preventing reverse rotation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to scroll type compressors and more specifically to scroll type compressors incorporating a fluid brake operative to resist and impede reverse movement of the orbiting scroll member. It aslo relates to rotary compressors and other powered work producing apparatus.
  • Scroll type machines are becoming more and more popular for use as compressors in both refrigeration as well as air conditioning applications due primarily to their capability for extremely efficient operation.
  • these machines incorporate a pair of intermeshed spiral wraps, one of which is caused to orbit relative to the other so as to define one or more moving chambers which progressively decrease in size as they travel from an outer suction port toward a center discharge port.
  • An electric motor is provided with operates to drive the orbiting scroll member via a suitable drive shaft affixed to the motor rotor.
  • the bottom of the hermetic shell normally contains an oil sump for lubricating and cooling purposes.
  • scroll compressors depend upon a seal created between opposed flank surfaces of the wraps to define successive chambers for compression, suction and discharge valves are generally not required.
  • suction and discharge valves are generally not required.
  • the gas in the pressurized chambers and/or backflow of compressed gas from the discharge chamber to effect a reverse orbital movement of the orbiting scroll member and associated drive shaft. This reverse movement often generates objectionable noise or rumble.
  • This reverse operation may result in overheating of the compressor and/or other damage to the apparatus. Additionally, in some situations, such as a blocked condenser fan, it is possible for the discharge pressure to increase sufficiently to stall the drive motor and effect a reverse rotation thereof. As the orbiting scroll rotates in the reverse direction, the discharge pressure will decrease to a point where the motor again is able to overcome this pressure head and rotate the scroll member in the "forward" direction. However, the discharge pressure will now increase to a point where the cycle is repeated. Such cycling may also result in damage to the compressor and/or associated apparatus.
  • a scroll compressor comprising:
  • a powered work producing apparatus having directional drive control, comprising:
  • the powered work producing apparatus of the further aspect of the present invention may be a rotary compressor whose powered mechanism is a rotary compressor means.
  • the hereinafter described and illustrated embodiments of apparatus overcome the problems of prior art compressors (discussed above) by incorporating one-way drive means, such as a one-way clutch, coupled between the drive shaft and a paddle disposed in the compressor oil sump.
  • one-way drive means such as a one-way clutch
  • the clutch When the drive shaft is rotating in the desired direction the clutch is inoperative to drive the paddle but when rotation reverses the drive shaft rotates the paddle in the sump so that it acts like a fluid brake to resist and impede movement of the orbiting scroll member in a reverse direction, thereby eliminating the objectionable noise generated upon shut down of the compressor.
  • this fluid brake operates to resist damage to the motor and/or compressor resulting from a reversing of single phase motors as well as resisting the cyclical reversing resulting from a blocked or failed condenser fan.
  • the brake is passive in that it does not create any load during normal operation of the compressor. Relative to the arrangement disclosed in US Patent No. 4,998,864 braking with the present design is much gentler, thereby significantly increasing the life of the one-way clutch mechanism.
  • the relatively high viscosity of the oil as compared to refrigerant gas creates an increased drag on rotation of the rotor resulting in increased power consumption.
  • This problem is further aggravated in scroll compressors because they typically employ a counterweight secured to the lower end of the rotor.
  • the present shield incorporates a generally flat circular disk or flange positioned in close proximity to the lower end of the rotor which serves to reduce return flow of oil to the area of the rotating rotor and/or counterweight but still enables some circulation thereof, which thereby increases the circulation of oil across the adjacent motor stator end turns.
  • this improved shield has resulted in improved cooling of the stator end turns without any substantial effect on the overall operating efficiency of the compressor.
  • a compressor 10 which comprises a generally cylindrical hermetic shell 12 having welded at the upper end thereof a cap 14 at the lower end thereof a base 16 having a plurality of mounting feet (not shown) integrally formed therewith.
  • Cap 14 is provided with a refrigerant discharge fitting 18 which may have the usual discharge valve therein (not shown).
  • Other major elements affixed to the shell include a transversely extending partition 22 which is welded about its periphery at the same point that cap 14 is welded to shell 12, a main bearing housing 24 which is suitably secured to shell 12 and a lower bearing housing 26 also having a plurality of radially outwardly extending legs each of which is also suitably secured to shell 12.
  • a motor stator 28 which is generally square in cross-section but with the corners rounded off is press fitted into shell 12.
  • the flats between the rounded corners on the stator provide passageways between the stator and shell, which facilitate the return flow of lubricant from the top of the shell to the bottom.
  • a drive shaft or crankshaft 30 having an eccentric crank pin 32 at the upper end thereof is rotatably journaled in a bearing 34 in main bearing housing 24 and a second bearing 36 in lower bearing housing 26.
  • Crankshaft 30 has at the lower end a relatively large diameter concentric bore 38 which communicates with a radially outwardly inclined smaller diameter bore 40 extending upwardly therefrom to the top of the crankshaft. Disposed within bore 38 is a stirrer 42.
  • the lower portion of the interior shell 12 defines an oil sump 43 which is filled with lubricating oil to a level slightly above the lower end of rotor 46, and bore 38 acts as a pump to pump lubricating fluid up the crankshaft 30 and into passageway 40 and ultimately to all of the various portions of the compressor which require lubrication.
  • Crankshaft 30 is rotatively driven by an electric motor including stator 28, windings 44 passing therethrough and a rotor 46 press fitted on the crankshaft 30 and having upper and lower counterweights 48 and 50, respectively.
  • main bearing housing 24 The upper surface of main bearing housing 24 is provided with a flat thrust bearing surface 53 on which is disposed an orbiting scroll 54 having the usual spiral vane or wrap 56 on the upper surface thereof.
  • orbiting scroll 54 Projecting downwardly from the lower surface of orbiting scroll 54 is a cylindrical hub having a journal bearing 58 therein and in which is rotatively disposed a drive bushing 60 having an inner bore 62 in which crank pin 32 is drivingly disposed.
  • Crank pin 32 has a flat on one surface which drivingly engages a flat surface (not shown) formed in a portion of bore 62 to provide a radially compliant driving arrangement, such as shown in assignee's U.S. Letters Patent 4,877,382, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • Oldham coupling 63 is also provided positioned between and keyed to orbiting scroll 54 and bearing housing 24 to prevent rotational movement of orbiting scroll member 54.
  • Oldham coupling 63 is preferably of the type disclosed in assignee's copending application Serial No. 591,443, entitled “Oldham Coupling For Scroll Compressor” filed October 1, 1990.
  • a non-orbiting scroll member 64 is also provided having a wrap 66 positioned in meshing engagement with wrap 56 of scroll 54.
  • Non-orbiting scroll 64 has a centrally disposed discharge passage 75 which communicates with an upwardly open recess 77 which in turn is in fluid communication with a discharge muffler chamber 79 defined by cap 14 and partition 22.
  • An annular recess 81 is also formed in non-orbiting scroll 64 within which is disposed a seal assembly 83.
  • Recesses 77 and 81 and seal assembly 83 cooperate to define axial pressure biasing chambers which receive pressurized fluid being compressed by wraps 56 and 66 so as to exert an axial biasing force on non-orbiting scroll member 64 to thereby urge the tips of respective wraps 56, 66 into sealing engagement with the opposed end plate surfaces.
  • Seal assembly 83 is preferably of the type described in greater detail in assignee's copending application Serial No. 591,454, filed October 1, 1990, entitled “Scroll Machine with Floating Seal”.
  • Scroll member 64 is designed to be mounted to bearing housing 24 in a suitable manner such as disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 4,877,382 or as disclosed in assignee's copending application Serial No. 591,444 filed October 1, 1990 and entitled "Non-Orbiting Scroll Mounting Arrangement For Scroll Machine”.
  • the fluid clutch of the present invention comprises a paddle 84, which can be an aluminum casting, having two diametrically opposite relatively flat blades 86 integrally formed with a hub 88, and having a hardened insert 90 embedded therein which defines a center bore 92 into which is press fit a one-way clutch assembly 94.
  • Shaft 30 is disposed in bore 92 and paddle 84 is supported on shaft by a washer 96 which is supported by a snap ring 98 disposed in an annular groove 100 in shaft 30. Upward movement of the paddle on shaft 30 is limited by a shoulder 99 on the latter.
  • Blades 86 are disposed below the normal level of oil in the sump, indicated at 102, between the lower end of winding 44 and lower bearing housing 26.
  • hub 88 has a relatively short integral horizontal flange 103 extending radially outwardly from the upper periphery thereof between blades 86, which can act as a rotor shield of the type described in the aforementioned application Serial No. 591,442.
  • clutch assembly 94 includes an outer housing 104, formed of steel or the like, within which are disposed a plurality of circumferentially spaced roller pins 106 rotatably supported within axially extending cavities defined by housing 104, which is channel-shaped in cross-section, and a plastic retainer 108 comprising spaced annular end portions 110 and integral axially extending portions 112 disposed between each roller 106.
  • Each of the cavities is substantially identical, extending over the full length of each pin 106, and includes a rear wall 114 formed in housing 104 which tapers in a circumferential direction from one end wherein it is positioned at a maximum radial distance from the axis of rotation of shaft 30 to the opposite end wherein it is positioned at a minimum radial distance therefrom. At the maximum radial distance location the distance between shaft 30 and wall 114 will be equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of each pin 106 and at the minimum radial distance location it is less than the diameter of each pin.
  • a generally C-shaped leaf spring 116 is also disposed within each cavity which operates to urge each pin 106 toward the radially shallower end thereof. Each spring 116 is supported by a radial projection 118 on each portion 112 of retainer 108.
  • FIGs 6 through 8 Variations of the paddle are illustrated in Figures 6 through 8.
  • Figure 6 there is illustrated a paddle which is in all respects identical to paddle 84 except that it has three relatively flat blades 200 rather than merely two blades.
  • Figure 7 there is illustrated a three bladed patent similar to that of Figure 6 except that in the Figure 7 version each blade 300 is slightly curved in the plane shown to thereby alter the braking characteristics of the device.
  • Figure 8 there is illustrated a paddle which can have any number of blades but which instead of being flat in cross-section is curved in the manner shown at 350.
  • FIGs 9 and 10 there are illustrated two additional alternative embodiments of the paddle in which the paddle is formed from a polymeric material, such as glass filled nylon, and in which the paddle is affixed to the shaft by integral fingers.
  • a paddle 400 having two or more relatively flat plates 402 integrally formed with a hub 404 having extending outwardly from the upper periphery thereof a generally circular flange 406 which can act as a rotor shield as described above.
  • Paddle 400 is provided with a steel insert 90 and a one-way clutch assembly 94 in the same manner and for the same function as in the preceding embodiments.
  • Figure 9 is not a 180 degree section and that on the right-hand portion the section line passes through the paddle, whereas in the left-hand portion the section line passes through a non-blade portion of the paddle.
  • Extending downwardly and inwardly from the center of hub 404 are a plurality (e.g., eight or more) integrally formed resilient fingers 408 which are disposed in a groove 410 in shaft 30. The interaction of fingers 408 and groove 410 serves to axially locate the paddle on the shaft.
  • FIG. 10 The variant of Figure 10 is very similar to that of Figure 9 except that the paddle, indicated at 500, comprises a plurality of upwardly extending fingers 502 disposed in a groove on shaft 30 for the purpose of retaining the paddle in axial position.
  • flange 406 which acts as the rotor shield, has a slightly different configuration than that in the preceding embodiment; however, it is intended to function in substantially the same manner, which is the manner disclosed and described in the aforementioned application Serial No. 591,442.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
EP92307146A 1991-10-17 1992-08-05 Maschine with reverse rotation protection Expired - Lifetime EP0537884B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US77801991A 1991-10-17 1991-10-17
US778019 1991-10-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0537884A1 EP0537884A1 (en) 1993-04-21
EP0537884B1 true EP0537884B1 (en) 1997-12-03

Family

ID=25112048

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92307146A Expired - Lifetime EP0537884B1 (en) 1991-10-17 1992-08-05 Maschine with reverse rotation protection

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0537884B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH05202868A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR100290265B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE69223374T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2109985T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
TW (1) TW255945B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5320507A (en) * 1991-10-17 1994-06-14 Copeland Corporation Scroll machine with reverse rotation protection
US5498143A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-03-12 Tecumseh Products Company Scroll compressor with flywheel
US5593294A (en) * 1995-03-03 1997-01-14 Copeland Corporation Scroll machine with reverse rotation protection
JPH10278665A (ja) * 1997-04-10 1998-10-20 Ashimori Ind Co Ltd 荷崩れ防止装置
US6179591B1 (en) * 1999-11-01 2001-01-30 Copeland Corporation Conical hub bearing for scroll machine
KR100417587B1 (ko) * 2001-08-20 2004-02-05 주식회사 엘지이아이 회전축의 역회전 방지장치
TWI384157B (zh) * 2009-12-17 2013-02-01 Ind Tech Res Inst 冷媒壓縮機供油結構
WO2014067018A1 (en) * 2012-11-05 2014-05-08 Temporal Power Ltd. Cooled flywheel apparatus
CN103982431B (zh) * 2014-05-12 2016-01-06 陕西长岭特种设备有限公司 一种具有启动卸载功能的中频全封闭制冷压缩机
CN109519372B (zh) * 2017-09-19 2024-01-23 谷轮环境科技（苏州）有限公司 单向轴承组件、油刹车装置、涡旋压缩机
JP6766920B1 (ja) 2019-05-24 2020-10-14 ダイキン工業株式会社 スクロール圧縮機
DE102022202215A1 (de) 2022-03-04 2023-09-07 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Ventil-Pumpen-Einheit
DE102022202216A1 (de) 2022-03-04 2023-09-07 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Ventil-Pumpen-Einheit
DE102022202217A1 (de) 2022-03-04 2023-09-07 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Ventil-Pumpen-Einheit

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4895496A (en) * 1988-06-08 1990-01-23 Copeland Corporation Refrigeration compressor
US4998864A (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-03-12 Copeland Corporation Scroll machine with reverse rotation protection
US5064356A (en) * 1990-10-01 1991-11-12 Copeland Corporation Counterweight shield for refrigeration compressor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69223374T2 (de) 1998-03-26
EP0537884A1 (en) 1993-04-21
ES2109985T3 (es) 1998-02-01
KR930008307A (ko) 1993-05-21
KR100290265B1 (ko) 2001-05-15
TW255945B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1995-09-01
JPH05202868A (ja) 1993-08-10
DE69223374D1 (de) 1998-01-15

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