EP0537142B1 - Procede et appareil de fabrication d'un materiau filtrant multicouche - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de fabrication d'un materiau filtrant multicouche Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0537142B1
EP0537142B1 EP90909742A EP90909742A EP0537142B1 EP 0537142 B1 EP0537142 B1 EP 0537142B1 EP 90909742 A EP90909742 A EP 90909742A EP 90909742 A EP90909742 A EP 90909742A EP 0537142 B1 EP0537142 B1 EP 0537142B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forming
wire
wire portion
inclined wire
flow channels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90909742A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0537142A1 (fr
Inventor
Paul Olof Meinander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ahlstrom Corp
Original Assignee
Ahlstrom Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ahlstrom Corp filed Critical Ahlstrom Corp
Publication of EP0537142A1 publication Critical patent/EP0537142A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0537142B1 publication Critical patent/EP0537142B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/02—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the Fourdrinier type
    • D21F11/04—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the Fourdrinier type paper or board consisting on two or more layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/009—Fibre-rearranging devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/02—Head boxes of Fourdrinier machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/18—Shaking apparatus for wire-cloths and associated parts
    • D21F1/20—Shaking apparatus for wire-cloths and associated parts in Fourdrinier machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F9/00—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F9/02—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper of the Fourdrinier type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for manufacturing webs of multilayer filter materials on the wire of a multichannel inclined wire former and is directed, more particularly, to a novel method and apparatus for producing filter paper for use in air and oil filters which have a high filtration capability.
  • Multilayer filter papers can be made by forming the individual layers on the wires of individual web formers and couching them together or by laminating.
  • U.S. patent No. 2,928,765 describes a process for the manufacture of a double-layered air filter paper on a web former using an inclined wire. The process comprises the steps of forming a coarse-pored layer by flowing a first slurry of fibers onto the inclined wire and forming a fine-pored layer by immediately thereafter flowing a second slurry of fibers onto the wire.
  • DE-AS No. 1220716 describes an apparatus for the manufacture of multilayer fibrous webs wherein the stocks are supplied to the inclined wire of a web former through a plurality of horizontally arranged individual channels.
  • the multilayer filter material When the multilayer filter material is formed on an inclined wire and the slurries or fibers for the different layers are applied one immediately after the other before drainage and consolidation, an intermingling of the fibers at the interfaces between the layers is achieved. Due to the presence of the mixed zones, the filtration results of the filter material are positively influenced.
  • the multilayer filter is produced by couching together individual layers formed on the wires of individual web formers, no such intermingling of the fibers between the layers is caused.
  • the porosity grade and the basis weight are chosen so that, as regards the efficiency and the service life of the filter material, optimal values are achieved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved method and apparatus for the manufacture of webs of multilayered filter material, by means of which filter webs having better properties than webs hitherto formed, and which can more easily be adapted to meet a variety of requirements as regards the capacity, efficiency, bulkiness, lifetime, basis weight etc. of the filter material, can be produced.
  • the method of the present invention comprises the steps of delivering stock to an inclined wire portion and optionally to a horizontal or a substantially horizontal wire portion of a forming wire, and forming layers of fibers in consecutive forming zones in each of which a layer of fibers, superimposed on the layer formed in the preceding forming zone, is to be formed. It is a characteristic feature of the method according to the invention that the layers are formed in forming zones the length of which gradually increases on the inclined wire portion in the direction of travel of the forming wire. Preferably the layers are formed in forming zones of gradually decreasing inclination.
  • the present invention is also directed to an apparatus for manufacturing webs of multilayer filter material, comprising a web former provided with a forming wire having at least one inclined wire portion and a horizontal or substantially horizontal wire portion, and a multichannel headbox in which the flow channels are arranged one above the other in such a way that the upper wall of one channel forms the lower wall of the flow channel above it, said flow channels leading to subsequent forming zones in each of which a layer of fibers, superimposed on the layer formed in the preceding forming zone, is to be formed.
  • the length of the forming zones on the inclined wire increases gradually in the direction of travel of the forming wire.
  • the inclination of the wire of the inclined wire portion decreases gradually.
  • the inclined wire is supported by drainage rolls.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a web former 2 adapted for producing a multilayered filter paper. It comprises a forming fabric such as a wire 4 running in an endless loop around a breast roll 6 and a plurality of return rolls, guide rolls and stretch rolls 8 in a manner known per se.
  • the wire comprises an inclined wire portion 10 and a horizontal or substantially horizontal wire portion 12.
  • a headbox 14 is by means of partition walls 161 - 16 n divided into individual flow channels 181 -18 n facing the inclined wire.
  • Each flow channel has an upper wall and a lower wall and the upper wall or lip 16 n of one channel 18 n-1 forms the lower wall or lip of the flow channel 18 n on top of it.
  • the inclined wire portion is supported by a plurality of drainage rolls 201- 20 n , which define a plurality of flat forming zones 221 - 22 n the inclination angle ⁇ of which decreases in the traveling direction A of the wire.
  • the location and length of each forming zone corresponds generally to the location and length of the portion 241 -24 n of the wire on which fibers from a flow channel 181 -18 n is deposited.
  • each flow channel leads to a flat forming zone having a different inclination angle which can be changed if required.
  • the drainage roll 20 is shown more in detail in Figs 2 and 3.
  • the roll comprises a rotatable shaft 30 on which a plurality of discs 32 are disposed a distance apart from each other.
  • a plurality of longitudinal rods 34 are attached to the rims of the discs spaced apart from each other so as to form a roll having a very low flow resistance.
  • the roll allows the wire to move towards the roll center every time the gap between a successive pair of rods passes under the wire, which causes oscillation of the wire, whereby the formation and dewatering of the fiber layers on the wire are positively influenced.
  • the flow to each flow channel is separately controlled in relation to the wire speed by means of a flow regulator circuit in order to achieve a desired ratio between stock flow and wire speed as shown in Fig. 5, which illustrates the control system for one of the flow channels.
  • the drainage at each forming zone is regulated according to the flow of the corresponding flow channel by means of flowmeters controlling the flow through each drainage box acting on a vacuum control in the drainage box.
  • the level in the drainage boxes is kept constant by means of a level regulating circuit.
  • the flow of stock through line 36 to flow channel 18 is measured by a flow meter 38.
  • the flow of white water from the drainage boxes 26 is measured by flow meters 40.
  • the level of the white water in the drainage boxes is controlled by level controller 42 and valves 44.
  • a vacuum pump 46 is connected to the drainage boxes.
  • a pressure controller 48 is connected to the drainage box.
  • a flow controller 50 is connected to vacuum controller 48 and flow controller 40.
  • An equilibrium is maintained between the volume flow of stock to the flow channel and the volume flow of white water from the drainage boxes, i.e. the quantity of liquid which is passing through the wire.
  • the quantity of stock which can be applied is limited by the drainage resistance of the fiber mat on the wire.
  • the flow channel 18 n + 1 leading to the horizontal wire portion is controlled as a conventional headbox by controlling the pressure in such a way that a desired ratio between the stock flow and wire speed is achieved. Also the flow channel 18 n must be controlled in accordance with the velocity of the outlet flow as a portion of this flow leads to the horizontal wire portion.
  • the filter paper is built up of a plurality of layers. Each layer is superimposed on the layer formed in the preceding forming zone. As the drainage resistance of the fiber mat increases from one forming zone to the next, the dewatering pressure has to increase correspondingly. However, as the inclination of the wire decreases in the traveling direction of the wire, the length of the forming zones increase towards the end of the inclined wire portion. This means that the available drainage time increases which compensates for the increasing drainage resistance.
  • the uppermost layer which has the highest density and which normally is on the exit side of the filter paper, is formed on the horizontal wire from stock delivered by a flow channel 18 n+1 disposed on top of flow channel 18 n .
  • the stock for the last layer, as well as for all the other layers, is deposited on a sheet which is not yet fully formed, as shown in Fig. 4, so that there is caused an intermingling of the fibers at the interface.
  • the transition region between the inclined wire 10 and the horizontal wire 12 there is still fiber suspension from the last inclined formation zone 22 n .
  • the stock delivery system comprises a plurality of stock chests 521 - 52 n .
  • Each stock chest is connected to a stock pump 541 - 54 n through lines 561 - 56 n and 581 - 58 n which form stock circuits by means of which at least a portion of the stock withdrawn from each stock chest can be returned to it.
  • the white water from forming zone 22 is collected in a first white water pit 601.
  • the white waters from the other forming zones 222 - 22 n are collected in a second white water pit 602.
  • each forming zone could be provided with its own white water pit.
  • Each flow channel is connected to a mixing pump 621 - 62 n through a stock delivery line 641 - 64 n .
  • the mixing pump 621 is connected to the first white water pit through a white water return line 661 and the mixing pumps 622 - 62 n are connected to the second white water pit through white water return lines 662 - 66 n so as to form a plurality of flow circuits.
  • the inlet of the first mixing pump 621 delivering stock to the first flow channel 181 is connected to each of the stock circuits through connecting lines 681 - 68 n .
  • the inlet of the second mixing pump 622 delivering stock to the second flow channel 182 is in a corresponding way connected to each of the stock circuits through lines (not shown) etc.
  • there is a valve 701-70 n by means of which stock from one or more elected stock chests can be delivered to one or more selected flow channels. This provides for a high flexibility of the operation of the multilayer filter paper machine.
  • Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the invention in which the inclination angle ⁇ is constant.
  • the angle ⁇ between the upper wall or lip 16 and the wire 4 decreases gradually in the direction of travel A of the wire so as to increase the length of the formation zone 24 towards the end of the inclined wire portion without increasing the lip opening H.
  • the invention is typically put into practice in the production of 3-layered filter paper, two layers of which are formed on the inclined wire portion and the third on the horizontal portion of the forming web. Alternatively, all layers can be formed on the inclined wire. It is clear that the method of the invention can be carried out by using a curving wire instead of an inclined wire comprising a plurality of flat sections as in the embodiment shown.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de bandes d'un matériau filtrant multi-couches consistant à :
       délivrer de la pâte sur une portion de toile métallique inclinée et éventuellement sur une portion de toile horizontale ou sensiblement horizontale d'une toile métallique de formation ;
       former des couches de fibres dans des zones de formation consécutives dans chacune desquelles une couche de fibres, superposée à la couche formée dans la zone de formation précédente doit être formée, caractérisé en ce que les couches sont formées dans des zones de formation dont la longueur augmente progressivement sur la portion de toile métallique inclinée, dans la direction du déplacement de la toile de formation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la pâte est délivrée sous la forme de jets formant un angle avec la toile inclinée, qui décroît progressivement.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que les couches sont formées dans des zones de formation d'inclinaison progressivement décroissante.
  4. Procédé selon les revendication 1, 2 ou 3 caractérisé en ce que la couche la moins poreuse du matériau filtrant multi-couches est formée sur la portion de toile métallique horizontale ou sensiblement horizontale.
  5. Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un matériau filtrant multi-couches comprenant :
    - un système de formation de bandes comportant une toile de formation présentant une portion de toile métallique inclinée et une portion de toile métallique horizontale ou sensiblement horizontale ;
    - une caisse d'arrivée de pâte multi-canaux dans laquelle les canaux d'écoulement sont disposés les uns au dessus des autres de manière que la paroi supérieure d'un canal constitue la paroi inférieure du canal d'écoulement situé au dessus, lesdits canaux d'écoulement conduisant à des zones de formation ultérieures, dans chacune desquelles doit être formée une couche de fibres, superposée à une couche formée dans la zone de formation précédente, caractérisé en ce que la longueur des zones de formation sur la toile inclinée augmente progressivement dans la direction du déplacement de la toile de formation.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que l'angle entre les parois supérieures des canaux d'écoulement et la toile inclinée décroît progressivement.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 ou 6 caractérisé en ce que l'inclinaison de la toile de la portion de toile métallique inclinée décroît progressivement.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que chaque canal d'écoulement consécutif conduit à une zone de formation d'inclinaison différente.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que l'un au moins des canaux d'écoulement conduit à une zone de formation comprenant deux ou plusieurs sections d'inclinaison différente.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5-9 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend trois canaux d'écoulement conduisant à la portion de toile métallique inclinée.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5-10 caractérisé en ce qu'un canal d'écoulement conduisant à la portion de toile métallique horizontale est disposé sur le dessus du canal d'écoulement supérieur conduisant à la portion de toile métallique inclinée.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux canaux d'écoulement conduisant à la portion de toile métallique inclinée et un canal d'écoulement conduisant à la portion de toile métallique horizontale ou sensiblement horizontale.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5-12 caractérisé en ce que la toile métallique inclinée est supportée par des cylindres de drainage 14.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13 caractérisé en ce que les cylindres de drainage sont disposés dans des boîtes d'aspiration.
EP90909742A 1990-07-05 1990-07-05 Procede et appareil de fabrication d'un materiau filtrant multicouche Expired - Lifetime EP0537142B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI1990/000174 WO1992001112A1 (fr) 1990-07-05 1990-07-05 Procede et appareil de fabrication d'un materiau filtrant multicouche

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0537142A1 EP0537142A1 (fr) 1993-04-21
EP0537142B1 true EP0537142B1 (fr) 1994-04-13

Family

ID=8556490

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90909742A Expired - Lifetime EP0537142B1 (fr) 1990-07-05 1990-07-05 Procede et appareil de fabrication d'un materiau filtrant multicouche

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0537142B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05502066A (fr)
KR (1) KR950014936B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE104384T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69008198T2 (fr)
FI (1) FI925960A (fr)
WO (1) WO1992001112A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE9701638L (sv) * 1997-04-30 1998-10-31 Tumba Bruk Ab Flerskiktat papper
KR100485879B1 (ko) * 2002-06-17 2005-04-29 주식회사 씨에이테크 매연포집용 다층 필터, 그 제조장치 및 그 제조방법
DE102005063008A1 (de) 2005-12-30 2007-07-05 Voith Patent Gmbh Blattbildungsvorrichtung zum Bilden einer Faserstoffbahn
JP2010126829A (ja) * 2008-11-26 2010-06-10 Tomoegawa Paper Co Ltd 多槽傾斜型湿式抄紙機およびそれを用いた湿紙シートの製造方法
WO2013016515A1 (fr) 2011-07-27 2013-01-31 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Systèmes et procédés pour réaliser des bandes fibreuses

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2078812B (en) * 1980-06-21 1984-03-07 St Annes Board Mill Co Ltd Flowboxes for paper machines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI925960A0 (fi) 1992-12-31
DE69008198T2 (de) 1994-07-28
WO1992001112A1 (fr) 1992-01-23
EP0537142A1 (fr) 1993-04-21
DE69008198D1 (de) 1994-05-19
ATE104384T1 (de) 1994-04-15
KR930700732A (ko) 1993-03-15
FI925960A (fi) 1992-12-31
JPH05502066A (ja) 1993-04-15
KR950014936B1 (ko) 1995-12-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3923593A (en) Multiple ply web former with divided slice chamber
US3823062A (en) Twin-wire papermaking employing stabilized stock flow and water filled seal(drainage)boxes
CA1186539A (fr) Methode et installation pour la fabrication de papier multicouche continu
US3997390A (en) Twin-wire paper machine and method for operating the same
JPH11504997A (ja) 抄紙機用ロールおよびブレードツインワイヤ・ギャップフォーマ
US3853695A (en) Entraining a liquid into a fiber slurry to accelerate it prior to discharge from a flow path onto a forming wire
US4436587A (en) Method for producing multilayer paper
EP0537142B1 (fr) Procede et appareil de fabrication d'un materiau filtrant multicouche
US5011575A (en) Inclined multiplyformer
EP0537140B1 (fr) Procede et appareil de fabrication d'un materiau filtrant multicouche
US5160583A (en) Controlled jet injection apparatus for a papermaking machine headbox
US4416730A (en) Wire end section of a paper making machine
US4895623A (en) Method to de-water pulp for paper using a siphon with simultaneous formation of sheet in a two-wire system, and apparatus which employs such method
US2969114A (en) Paper machinery
US3840430A (en) Twin-wire papermaking machine wherein the forming wires pass through the slice chamber which contains flexible trailing elements
US2890149A (en) Method and apparatus for making paper
WO1992001113A1 (fr) Procede et appareil de fabrication d'un materiau filtrant multicouche
US5935382A (en) Method and board machine for manufacturing a paperboard web
US5227075A (en) Process and apparatus for continuous filtering and liquid displacement of a liquid suspension of a fibrous or finely-divided material
EP0537141B1 (fr) Cylindre a turbulence pour moule a papier
USRE29472E (en) Conduit system for conveying fibrous stock from deaerator chamber to headbox in papermaking machine
US3578556A (en) Vertical paper machine wherein stock impinges wires below the breast rolls
SU1066465A3 (ru) Устройство дл изготовлени нетканого материала из суспензии синтетических волокон в воде и с каркасом в виде нитей
US3463700A (en) Apparatus for improving drainage on a forming wire
US3812007A (en) Conduit system for conveying fibrous stock from deaerator chamber to headbox in papermaking machine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19921027

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT DE FR GB IT SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930521

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT DE FR GB IT SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 104384

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19940415

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI CASETTA & PERANI S.P.A.

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69008198

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940519

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19940609

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19940614

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19940615

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19940620

Year of fee payment: 5

ET Fr: translation filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19940627

Year of fee payment: 5

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 90909742.0

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19950705

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19950705

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19950706

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19950705

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19960402

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 90909742.0

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19960430

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050705