EP0533169A1 - Procedure and arrangement for the protection of a ship against missiles with dual-frequency infrared detectors - Google Patents

Procedure and arrangement for the protection of a ship against missiles with dual-frequency infrared detectors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0533169A1
EP0533169A1 EP92115945A EP92115945A EP0533169A1 EP 0533169 A1 EP0533169 A1 EP 0533169A1 EP 92115945 A EP92115945 A EP 92115945A EP 92115945 A EP92115945 A EP 92115945A EP 0533169 A1 EP0533169 A1 EP 0533169A1
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Prior art keywords
radiation
wave
ship
short
range
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0533169B1 (en
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Heinz Dipl.-Ing. Bannasch (Fh)
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Buck Chemisch Technische Werke GmbH and Co
Buck Werke GmbH and Co
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Buck Chemisch Technische Werke GmbH and Co
Buck Werke GmbH and Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/80—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function
    • H04K3/82—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function related to preventing surveillance, interception or detection
    • H04K3/825—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function related to preventing surveillance, interception or detection by jamming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G13/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63G13/02—Camouflage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
    • H04K3/43—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized by the control of the jamming power, signal-to-noise ratio or geographic coverage area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/60—Jamming involving special techniques
    • H04K3/65—Jamming involving special techniques using deceptive jamming or spoofing, e.g. transmission of false signals for premature triggering of RCIED, for forced connection or disconnection to/from a network or for generation of dummy target signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K2203/00—Jamming of communication; Countermeasures
    • H04K2203/10—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application
    • H04K2203/14—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application for the transfer of light or images, e.g. for video-surveillance, for television or from a computer screen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K2203/00—Jamming of communication; Countermeasures
    • H04K2203/10—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application
    • H04K2203/24—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application for communication related to weapons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for protecting a ship from missiles with spectrally filtering IR target seekers.
  • Search heads identify their target based on radiation that distinguishes the ship from its surroundings. More recently, search heads that operate on two frequencies have been used, so-called two-color search heads. These search heads evaluate the IR radiation both in the short-wave range, ie approx. 0.9 to 3 ⁇ m, and in the medium-wave range, approx. 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the ratio of short-wave to medium-wave IR radiation is a characteristic parameter with which a ship can be distinguished very well from apparent targets and the radiation from sun reflections on the water surface.
  • the sun reflection on the water essentially only provides radiation in the region of the short-wave IR, so that the ratio of short-wave IR radiation to medium-wave IR radiation is strongly shifted towards short-wave IR radiation.
  • IR dummy targets fired to protect ships also have short-wave IR radiation.
  • a ship on the other hand, generally has practically no radiation in the short-wave IR range, but emits a lot of radiation in the medium-wave IR range, so that there is a strong shift in the direction of the proportion of medium-wave IR.
  • the "intelligent" search heads can evaluate this shift.
  • DE-OS 32 17 336 describes a method and a device for camouflaging watercraft, in which seawater is pumped up and expelled to form a water curtain that descends outside the ship and shields the areas to be camouflaged.
  • This object is achieved by a method for protecting a ship from missiles with two-color IR target seekers, which is characterized in that an interference transmitter arranged on the ship emits short-wave IR radiation at least at times, the radiation intensity of the interference transmitter being set such that the ratio of shortwave to medium-wave IR radiation is shifted so that the ship is not reliably recognized as a target for the two-color IR seeker.
  • missiles with two-color IR aiming heads can be deflected from an attack on a ship if the ship is provided with a radiation source which emits IR radiation practically exclusively in the short-wave range, since in this way the ratio of short-wave can be shifted so far to medium-wave IR radiation that a seeker head working with two IR frequencies does not reliably recognize the ship as a target.
  • the search head must therefore look for another target that corresponds to the signature given to it. These are, for example, clouds or islands that absorb the incident solar radiation without reflecting it and are therefore self-emitters in the infrared range that have approximately blackbody characteristics. Your IR radiation is therefore in a range that makes it attractive to the seeker as a target.
  • the search head does not find a target, it continues to fly under constant "searches" using inertial navigation and retains its previous kinematic flight curve.
  • the seeker head is removed from the ship in a targeted manner by placing IR false targets in synchronization with the operation of the short-wave jammer.
  • the IR jamming transmitter used according to the invention preferably emits IR radiation in the range from 0.9 to 3 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range from 2 to 2.5 ⁇ m, but does not emit in the medium-wave or long-wave IR range.
  • the IR jammer preferably consists of a radiation source which emits in the desired region and is surrounded by one or more filters which are (are) impervious to medium and long-wave IR radiation and / or visible light.
  • a blackbody radiator is used as the short-wave source emitting IR radiation.
  • blackbody radiators are radiation sources that emit radiation that approximately corresponds to the radiation of a black radiator.
  • Blackbody radiators are preferred which have a radiant intensity of at least 80 W / sr in the short-wave IR range. Blackbody radiators, whose radiation is guaranteed in all relevant spatial directions, are particularly preferred.
  • a device is preferably used which consists of a tube, the surface of which can be heated to a temperature of approximately 900 to 1100 ° C. In this temperature range, the radiation maximum of the tube is in the short-wave IR range.
  • the tube can be made of metal, ceramic or quartz, for example.
  • the heatable tube is preferably surrounded by a jacket made of normal optical glass.
  • the glass jacket is located at such a distance from the tube that the glass does not melt.
  • a red filter is arranged around this blackbody radiator, which filters out the visible radiation in the range of up to approximately 900 nm, so that the device does not emit any other rays which could offer a target for the target seeker or in another way could alert the ship.
  • the tube can be heated electrically, pyrotechnically or also via a gas burner.
  • the surface of the tube can have a V-shaped structure or a hexagonal funnel structure.
  • thermal radiators with correspondingly high radiation levels in the short-wave infrared range, such as, for example, can be used as IR radiation sources instead of a blackbody radiator.
  • IR radiation sources instead of a blackbody radiator.
  • a pyrotechnic incendiary agent is used as the short-wave IR radiation emitting radiation source, which has a very high radiation intensity in the short-wave IR range.
  • known IR mock targets are particularly preferably ejected, the burning duration and radiation intensity curve of which corresponds to that of the pyrotechnic incendiary device and the radiant intensity in the medium- and long-wave infrared is higher than that of the ship to be protected.
  • the burning time and radiance of both the pyrotechnic incendiary charge and the IR apparent target can be optimally adjusted using radiometer measurements.
  • the IR apparent target is a more attractive target than the ship for the two-color seeker head, due to the ratio of short-wave to medium-wave IR radiation.
  • Pyrotechnic incendiary devices which are suitable for this preferred embodiment are known per se. Are suitable for.
  • the short-wave IR emitter emitting IR radiation (FIG. 1) is attached to the ship in such a way that unhindered radiation in all directions is ensured.
  • the radiation source is preferably attached in the vicinity of or directly at the radiation center of gravity of the ship. A preferred location that meets both requirements is the chimney of the ship.
  • the short-wave IR radiation is emitted simultaneously
  • the hull is cooled, which leads to a reduction in medium and long-wave IR radiation.
  • the ship's hull is rinsed with suctioned sea water.
  • the ABC decontamination system installed on all larger ships is suitable for this.
  • the temperature of the hull is adjusted to the temperature of the sea water, which means that the contours between the sea and the ship are blurred for a seeker.
  • the invention further relates to a device for carrying out the described method, which is characterized by a radiation source which emits short-wave IR radiation.
  • a device for protecting a ship from missiles with IR aiming heads which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, is characterized by a tube which can be heated to a temperature in the range from 900 to 1100 ° C. and by a jacket made of normal optical Glass is surrounded, and additionally has a red filter that is opaque to radiation in the range of ⁇ 900 nm.
  • This device is particularly suitable for shifting the ratio of short-wave to medium-wave IR radiation into the short-wave range and thus to reduce the probability of hits for two-color search heads.
  • FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • a ceramic tube 1 which can be heated to approximately 1000 ° C. and has a surface area of approximately 470 cm 2, is surrounded by a glass cylinder 2, which is made of normal optical glass and is therefore impervious to medium and long-wave IR radiation.
  • the glass cylinder 2 is located at such a distance from the ceramic tube 1 that it cannot melt when the ceramic tube 1 is heated.
  • the glass cylinder 2 is surrounded by a red filter 3, which is opaque to visible radiation in the range below 900 nm is.
  • the ceramic tube 1 is attached to the ship exposed via a rod 4.
  • the ceramic tube 1 is heated via a heating connection 5.
  • the IR jamming transmitter used in accordance with the invention it is possible to provide such a radiation intensity in the short-wave IR range that the ratio of short-wave IR rays to medium-wave IR rays emitted by the ship is shifted into such a range that for one A two-color search head makes it difficult to impossible to differentiate between ship, sun reflections and IR false targets, thereby significantly reducing the likelihood of hits.
  • a method and a device are made available which, with relatively simple means, make it possible to protect a ship from attack by missiles with two-color target seekers.

Abstract

This procedure is characterised by the fact that a jamming transmitter arranged on the ship emits at least temporarily only short-wave IR radiation, the beam intensity of the jamming transmitter being set in such a manner that the ratio between short-wave and medium-wave IR radiation is shifted in such a manner that the ship cannot be reliably detected as a target for the dual-frequency IR homing head.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Schutz eines Schiffes vor Flugkörpern mit spektral filternden IR-Zielsuchköpfen.The invention relates to a method and a device for protecting a ship from missiles with spectrally filtering IR target seekers.

In der Gefechtsituation müssen Schiffe vor einem Angriff durch Raketen, die mit IR-Suchköpfen ausgestattet sind, geschützt werden. Suchköpfe identifizieren ihr Ziel aufgrund einer Strahlung, die das Schiff von der Umgebung unterscheidet. In neuerer Zeit wurden hierzu Suchköpfe verwendet, die auf zwei Frequenzen arbeiten, sogenannte Zweifarbensuchköpfe. Diese Suchköpfe werten die IR-Strahlung sowohl im kurzwelligen Bereich, d. h. ca. 0,9 bis 3 µm, als auch im mittelwelligen Bereich, ca. 3 bis 5 µm, aus. Das Verhältnis von kurzwelliger zu mittelwelliger IR-Strahlung ist ein charakteristischer Parameter, mit dem ein Schiff sehr gut von Scheinzielen und der Strahlung von Sonnenreflexen auf der Wasseroberfläche unterschieden werden kann. Die Sonnenreflexion auf dem Wasser liefert im wesentlichen nur Strahlung im Bereich des kurzwelligen IR, so daß das Verhältnis von kurzwelliger IR-Strahlung zu mittelwelliger IR-Strahlung stark in Richtung kurzwelliger IR-Strahlung verschoben ist. Zum Schutz von Schiffen abgefeuerte IR-Scheinziele besitzen ebenfalls Strahlungsanteile im kurzwelligen IR-Bereich. Ein Schiff weist dagegen in der Regel praktisch keine Strahlung im kurzwelligen IR-Bereich auf, sendet jedoch viel Strahlung im mittelwelligen IR-Bereich aus, so daß es hier zu einer starken Verschiebung in Richtung des Anteils an mittelwelligem IR kommt. Diese Verschiebung können die "intelligenten" Suchköpfe auswerten.In the battle situation, ships must be protected from attack by missiles equipped with IR seekers. Search heads identify their target based on radiation that distinguishes the ship from its surroundings. More recently, search heads that operate on two frequencies have been used, so-called two-color search heads. These search heads evaluate the IR radiation both in the short-wave range, ie approx. 0.9 to 3 µm, and in the medium-wave range, approx. 3 to 5 µm. The ratio of short-wave to medium-wave IR radiation is a characteristic parameter with which a ship can be distinguished very well from apparent targets and the radiation from sun reflections on the water surface. The sun reflection on the water essentially only provides radiation in the region of the short-wave IR, so that the ratio of short-wave IR radiation to medium-wave IR radiation is strongly shifted towards short-wave IR radiation. IR dummy targets fired to protect ships also have short-wave IR radiation. A ship, on the other hand, generally has practically no radiation in the short-wave IR range, but emits a lot of radiation in the medium-wave IR range, so that there is a strong shift in the direction of the proportion of medium-wave IR. The "intelligent" search heads can evaluate this shift.

Aus DE-OS 36 08 578 ist es bekannt, Schiffe vor einem Angriff durch Infrarot gesteuerte Angriffswaffen zu schützen, indem in einer Entfernung vom Schiff eine Wärmequelle angeordnet wird, die die IR-Signatur des Schiffes übertreffen soll und den Flugkörper ablenken soll. Diese IR-Strahlungsquelle wird so angeordnet, daß sie einerseits vom Suchkopf als zum Schiff gehörig erkannt wird und andererseits einen Strahlungsschwerpunkt bietet, zu dem der Flugkörper fliegt, wobei bei einer etwaigen Detonation am Schiff selbst kein Schaden angerichtet werden soll.From DE-OS 36 08 578 it is known to protect ships from attack by infrared-controlled attack weapons by arranging a heat source at a distance from the ship which is intended to surpass the ship's IR signature and is intended to deflect the missile. This IR radiation source is arranged so that it is recognized on the one hand by the seeker head as belonging to the ship and on the other hand offers a radiation center of gravity to which the missile flies, with no damage being caused in the event of a detonation on the ship itself.

Aus "Wehrtechnik", 2/89, Seiten 48 bis 54 ist bekannt, Schiffe vor mit Suchköpfen versehenen Flugkörpern zu schützen, indem Flächenflares ausgestoßen werden, die eine Wärmeabstrahlung haben, die der IR-Signatur des Schiffes nachgebildet ist, um auf diese Weise den Suchkopf auf diese Flares zu lenken.From "Wehrtechnik", 2/89, pages 48 to 54, it is known to protect ships from missiles provided with search heads by ejecting surface flares which have a heat radiation which is modeled on the IR signature of the ship, in order in this way to To direct the seeker head to these flares.

DE-OS 32 17 336 beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Tarnen von Wasserfahrzeugen, bei dem Seewasser hochgepumpt und unter Bildung eines außerhalb des Schiffes niedergehenden, die zu tarnenden Bereiche abschirmenden Wasservorhanges ausgestoßen wird.DE-OS 32 17 336 describes a method and a device for camouflaging watercraft, in which seawater is pumped up and expelled to form a water curtain that descends outside the ship and shields the areas to be camouflaged.

Aufgrund der physikalischen Gegebenheiten ist es nicht möglich, pyrotechnische Scheinziele herzustellen, die eine ähnliche Signatur bzw. spektrale Strahlstärke wie ein Schiff aufweisen. Es war daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit dem Schiffe vor Flugkörpern mit Zweifarbensuchköpfen geschützt werden können.Due to the physical conditions, it is not possible to produce pyrotechnic apparent targets that have a signature or spectral radiance similar to that of a ship. It was therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and a device with which ships can be protected against missiles with two-color search heads.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren zum Schutz eines Schiffes vor Flugkörpern mit Zweifarben-IR-Zielsuchköpfen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß ein auf dem Schiff angeordneter Störsender zumindest zeitweise kurzwellige IR-Strahlung emittiert, wobei die Strahlstärke des Störsenders derart eingestellt wird, daß das Verhältnis von kurzwelliger zu mittelwelliger IR-Strahlung so verschoben wird, daß das Schiff für den Zweifarben-IR-Zielsuchkopf nicht sicher als Ziel erkennbar ist.This object is achieved by a method for protecting a ship from missiles with two-color IR target seekers, which is characterized in that an interference transmitter arranged on the ship emits short-wave IR radiation at least at times, the radiation intensity of the interference transmitter being set such that the ratio of shortwave to medium-wave IR radiation is shifted so that the ship is not reliably recognized as a target for the two-color IR seeker.

Es wurde gefunden, daß man Flugkörper mit Zweifarben-IR-Zielsuchköpfen von einem Angriff auf ein Schiff ablenken kann, wenn man das Schiff mit einer Strahlungsquelle versieht, die IR-Strahlung praktisch ausschließlich im kurzwelligen Bereich abgibt, da auf diese Weise das Verhältnis von kurzwelliger zu mittelwelliger IR-Strahlung so weit verschoben werden kann, daß ein mit zwei IR-Frequenzen arbeitender Suchkopf das Schiff nicht sicher als Ziel erkennt. Der Suchkopf muß sich daher ein anderes Ziel suchen, das der ihm vorgegebenen Signatur entspricht. Dies sind beispielweise Wolken oder Inseln, die die einfallende solare Strahlung absorbieren, ohne sie zu reflektieren und deshalb im Infrarot-Bereich Eigenstrahler sind, die annähernd Schwarzkörper-Charakteristik aufweisen. Ihre IR-Strahlung liegt daher in einem Bereich, der sie für den Suchkopf als Ziel attraktiv macht. Findet der Suchkopf kein Ziel, so fliegt er unter ständigem weiteren "Suchen" mittels Inertialnavigation weiter und behält seine vorhergehende kinematische Flugkurve. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird der Suchkopf gezielt von dem Schiff abgezogen, indem synchron zum Betrieb des kurzwelligen Störsender IR-Scheinziele abgesetzt werden.It has been found that missiles with two-color IR aiming heads can be deflected from an attack on a ship if the ship is provided with a radiation source which emits IR radiation practically exclusively in the short-wave range, since in this way the ratio of short-wave can be shifted so far to medium-wave IR radiation that a seeker head working with two IR frequencies does not reliably recognize the ship as a target. The search head must therefore look for another target that corresponds to the signature given to it. These are, for example, clouds or islands that absorb the incident solar radiation without reflecting it and are therefore self-emitters in the infrared range that have approximately blackbody characteristics. Your IR radiation is therefore in a range that makes it attractive to the seeker as a target. If the search head does not find a target, it continues to fly under constant "searches" using inertial navigation and retains its previous kinematic flight curve. In a preferred embodiment, the seeker head is removed from the ship in a targeted manner by placing IR false targets in synchronization with the operation of the short-wave jammer.

Der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte IR-Störsender gibt bevorzugt IR-Strahlung im Bereich von 0,9 bis 3 µm, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 2 bis 2,5 µm ab, emittiert jedoch nicht im mittelwelligen oder langwelligen IR-Bereich. Der IR-Störsender besteht bevorzugt aus einer Strahlungsquelle, die im gewünschten Bereich emittiert und von einem oder mehreren Filtern, der (die) für mittel- und langwellige IR-Strahlung und/oder sichtbares Licht undurchlässig ist (sind), umgeben ist.The IR jamming transmitter used according to the invention preferably emits IR radiation in the range from 0.9 to 3 μm, particularly preferably in the range from 2 to 2.5 μm, but does not emit in the medium-wave or long-wave IR range. The IR jammer preferably consists of a radiation source which emits in the desired region and is surrounded by one or more filters which are (are) impervious to medium and long-wave IR radiation and / or visible light.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird als kurzwellige IR-Strahlung emittierende Quelle ein Schwarzkörperstrahler verwendet. Als Schwarzkörperstrahler im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden solche Strahlungsquellen bezeichnet, die eine Strahlung abgeben, die in etwa der Strahlung eines schwarzen Strahlers entspricht. Bevorzugt werden Schwarzkörperstrahler verwendet, die eine Strahlstärke von mindestens 80 W/sr im kurzwelligen IR-Bereich haben. Besonders bevorzugt sind Schwarzkörperstrahler, deren Abstrahlung in alle relevanten Raumrichtungen gewährleistet ist. Bevorzugt wird hierzu eine Vorrichtung eingesetzt, die aus einem Rohr besteht, dessen Oberfläche auf eine Temperatur von ca. 900 bis 1100°C beheizbar ist. In diesem Temperaturbereich liegt das Strahlungsmaximum des Rohrs im kurzwelligen IR-Bereich. Das Rohr kann beispielsweise aus Metall, Keramik oder Quarz hergestellt sein. Um mittelwellige und langwellige IR-Strahlung herauszufiltern, ist das beheizbare Rohr bevorzugt von einem Mantel aus normalem optischen Glas umgeben. Der Glasmantel ist in einer solchen Entfernung vom Rohr angeordnet, daß das Glas nicht schmilzt. Weiterhin ist in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform um diesen Schwarzkörperstrahler ein Rotfilter angeordnet, der die sichtbare Strahlung im Bereich von bis zu ca. 900 nm herausfiltert, so daß die Vorrichtung keine anderen Strahlen abgibt, die für den Zielsuchkopf ein Ziel bieten könnten oder in anderer Weise auf das Schiff aufmerksam machen könnten. Die Erhitzung des Rohres kann elektrisch, pyrotechnisch oder auch über einen Gasbrenner erfolgen. Um den Emissionsgrad des Rohres zu verbessern, kann die Oberfläche des Rohres eine V-förmige Struktur oder eine hexagonale Trichterstruktur haben. Ebenso können als IR-Strahlungsquellen statt eines Schwarzkörperstrahlers andere thermische Strahler mit entsprechend hohen Strahlstärken im kurzwelligen Infrarot-Bereich, wie z. B. Wolfram-Bandlampen, Nernst-Stifte und Xenon-Bogenlampen, aber auch pyrotechnische Strahlungsquellen, eingesetzt werden.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a blackbody radiator is used as the short-wave source emitting IR radiation. In the context of the present invention, blackbody radiators are radiation sources that emit radiation that approximately corresponds to the radiation of a black radiator. Blackbody radiators are preferred which have a radiant intensity of at least 80 W / sr in the short-wave IR range. Blackbody radiators, whose radiation is guaranteed in all relevant spatial directions, are particularly preferred. For this purpose, a device is preferably used which consists of a tube, the surface of which can be heated to a temperature of approximately 900 to 1100 ° C. In this temperature range, the radiation maximum of the tube is in the short-wave IR range. The tube can be made of metal, ceramic or quartz, for example. In order to filter out medium-wave and long-wave IR radiation, the heatable tube is preferably surrounded by a jacket made of normal optical glass. The glass jacket is located at such a distance from the tube that the glass does not melt. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, a red filter is arranged around this blackbody radiator, which filters out the visible radiation in the range of up to approximately 900 nm, so that the device does not emit any other rays which could offer a target for the target seeker or in another way could alert the ship. The tube can be heated electrically, pyrotechnically or also via a gas burner. To improve the emissivity of the tube, the surface of the tube can have a V-shaped structure or a hexagonal funnel structure. Likewise, other thermal radiators with correspondingly high radiation levels in the short-wave infrared range, such as, for example, can be used as IR radiation sources instead of a blackbody radiator. B. tungsten band lamps, Nernst pens and xenon arc lamps, but also pyrotechnic radiation sources can be used.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird als kurzwellige IR-Strahlung emittierende Strahlungsquelle ein pyrotechnischer Brandsatz eingesetzt, der eine sehr hohe Strahlstärke im kurzwelligen IR-Bereich aufweist. Besonders bevorzugt werden gleichzeitig mit der Zündung des pyrotechnischen Brandsatzes an sich bekannte IR-Scheinziele ausgestoßen, deren Brenndauer und zeitlicher Strahlstärkeverlauf des pyrotechnischen Brandsatzes entspricht und deren Strahlstärke im mittel- und langwelligen Infrarot höher ist als die des zu schützenden Schiffes. Die Brenndauer und Strahlstärke sowohl des pyrotechnischen Brandsatzes als auch des IR-Scheinzieles können anhand von Radiometermessungen optimal eingestellt werden. Durch diese Maßnahme stellt für den Zweifarbensuchkopf, aufgrund des Verhältnisses von kurzwelliger zu mittelwelliger IR-Strahlung, das IR-Scheinziel ein attraktiveres Ziel dar als das Schiff. Pyrotechnische Brandsätze, die für diese bevorzugte Ausführungsform geeignet sind, sind an sich bekannt. Geeignet sind z. B. Zusammensetzungen, die ca. 50 % Magnesium und 50 % Polytetrafluorethylen enthalten.In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a pyrotechnic incendiary agent is used as the short-wave IR radiation emitting radiation source, which has a very high radiation intensity in the short-wave IR range. With the ignition of the pyrotechnic incendiary device, known IR mock targets are particularly preferably ejected, the burning duration and radiation intensity curve of which corresponds to that of the pyrotechnic incendiary device and the radiant intensity in the medium- and long-wave infrared is higher than that of the ship to be protected. The burning time and radiance of both the pyrotechnic incendiary charge and the IR apparent target can be optimally adjusted using radiometer measurements. As a result of this measure, the IR apparent target is a more attractive target than the ship for the two-color seeker head, due to the ratio of short-wave to medium-wave IR radiation. Pyrotechnic incendiary devices which are suitable for this preferred embodiment are known per se. Are suitable for. B. Compositions containing about 50% magnesium and 50% polytetrafluoroethylene.

Zur Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades in einer Bedrohungsrichtung ist es ebenso möglich, die Strahlung durch die Verwendung von Spiegeln bzw. Reflektoren zu bündeln und dadurch zu verstärken.To increase the efficiency in a threat direction, it is also possible to bundle the radiation by using mirrors or reflectors and thereby to amplify it.

Der kurzwellige IR-Strahlung emittierende IR-Störsender (Figur 1) wird auf dem Schiff so angebracht, daß eine ungehinderte Abstrahlung in alle Richtungen gewährleistet ist. Bevorzugt wird die Strahlungsquelle in der Nähe von oder direkt am Strahlungsschwerpunkt des Schiffes angebracht. Eine bevorzugte Stelle, die beide Forderungen erfüllt, ist der Kamin des Schiffes.The short-wave IR emitter emitting IR radiation (FIG. 1) is attached to the ship in such a way that unhindered radiation in all directions is ensured. The radiation source is preferably attached in the vicinity of or directly at the radiation center of gravity of the ship. A preferred location that meets both requirements is the chimney of the ship.

Um das Verhältnis von kurzwelliger zu mittelwelliger IR-Strahlung, die von dem Schiff emittiert wird, weiter zu verbessern, wird in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform gleichzeitig mit der Emission der kurzwelligen IR-Strahlung der Schiffsrumpf gekühlt, was zu einer Herabsetzung der mittel- und langwelligen IR-Strahlung führt. Hierzu wird der Schiffsrumpf mit angesaugtem Meerwasser gespült. Hierfür eignet sich die auf allen größeren Schiffen installierte ABC-Dekontaminationsanlage. Durch das Spülen mit Meerwasser wird die Temperatur des Schiffsrumpfes der Temperatur des Meerwassers angeglichen, wodurch sich für einen Zielsuchkopf die Konturen zwischen Meer und Schiff verwischen.In order to further improve the ratio of short-wave to medium-wave IR radiation which is emitted by the ship, in a preferred embodiment, the short-wave IR radiation is emitted simultaneously The hull is cooled, which leads to a reduction in medium and long-wave IR radiation. For this purpose, the ship's hull is rinsed with suctioned sea water. The ABC decontamination system installed on all larger ships is suitable for this. By rinsing with sea water, the temperature of the hull is adjusted to the temperature of the sea water, which means that the contours between the sea and the ship are blurred for a seeker.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist weiterhin eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des beschriebenen Verfahrens, die gekennzeichnet ist durch eine Strahlungsquelle, die kurzwellige IR-Strahlung emittiert.The invention further relates to a device for carrying out the described method, which is characterized by a radiation source which emits short-wave IR radiation.

Eine Vorrichtung zum Schutz eines Schiffes vor Flugkörpern mit IR-Zielsuchköpfen, die insbesondere geeignet ist zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, ist gekennzeichnet durch ein Rohr, das auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 900 bis 1100°C beheizbar ist und von einem Mantel aus normalem optischem Glas umgeben ist, und zusätzlich einen Rotfilter, der für Strahlung im Bereich von < 900 nm undurchlässig ist, aufweist. Diese Vorrichtung ist insbesondere geeignet, um das Verhältnis von kurzwelliger zu mittelwelliger IR-Strahlung in den kurzwelligen Bereich zu verschieben und damit die Trefferwahrscheinlichkeit für Zweifarbensuchköpfe herabzusetzen.A device for protecting a ship from missiles with IR aiming heads, which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, is characterized by a tube which can be heated to a temperature in the range from 900 to 1100 ° C. and by a jacket made of normal optical Glass is surrounded, and additionally has a red filter that is opaque to radiation in the range of <900 nm. This device is particularly suitable for shifting the ratio of short-wave to medium-wave IR radiation into the short-wave range and thus to reduce the probability of hits for two-color search heads.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist in Figur 1 gezeigt. Ein Keramikrohr 1, das auf ca. 1000°C beheizbar ist und eine Oberfläche von ca. 470 cm² aufweist, ist von einem Glaszylinder 2, der aus normalem optischem Glas besteht und somit für mittel- und langwellige IR-Strahlung undurchlässig ist, umgeben. Der Glaszylinder 2 befindet sich in einem solchen Abstand von dem Keramikrohr 1, daß er bei der Aufheizung des Keramikrohrs 1 nicht schmelzen kann. Der Glaszylinder 2 ist von einem Rotfilter 3 umgeben, der für sichtbare Strahlung im Bereich unter 900 nm undurchlässig ist. Das Keramikrohr 1 ist über eine Stange 4 exponiert am Schiff befestigt. Die Beheizung des Keramikrohrs 1 erfolgt über einen Heizanschluß 5.A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1. A ceramic tube 1, which can be heated to approximately 1000 ° C. and has a surface area of approximately 470 cm 2, is surrounded by a glass cylinder 2, which is made of normal optical glass and is therefore impervious to medium and long-wave IR radiation. The glass cylinder 2 is located at such a distance from the ceramic tube 1 that it cannot melt when the ceramic tube 1 is heated. The glass cylinder 2 is surrounded by a red filter 3, which is opaque to visible radiation in the range below 900 nm is. The ceramic tube 1 is attached to the ship exposed via a rod 4. The ceramic tube 1 is heated via a heating connection 5.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten IR-Störsender gelingt es, eine solche Strahlstärke im Bereich des kurzwelligen IR bereitzustellen, daß das Verhältnis an kurzwelligen IR-Strahlen zu mittelwelligen IR-Strahlen, die vom Schiff abgegeben werden, in einen solchen Bereich verschoben wird, daß für einen Zweifarbensuchkopf eine Unterscheidung zwischen Schiff, Sonnenreflexen und IR-Scheinzielen schwierig bis unmöglich wird und dadurch die Trefferwahrscheinlichkeit entscheidend gesenkt wird.With the IR jamming transmitter used in accordance with the invention it is possible to provide such a radiation intensity in the short-wave IR range that the ratio of short-wave IR rays to medium-wave IR rays emitted by the ship is shifted into such a range that for one A two-color search head makes it difficult to impossible to differentiate between ship, sun reflections and IR false targets, thereby significantly reducing the likelihood of hits.

Erfindungsgemäß werden ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Verfügung gestellt, die es mit relativ einfachen Mitteln erlauben, ein Schiff vor dem Angriff von Flugkörpern mit Zweifarben-Zielsuchköpfen zu schützen.According to the invention, a method and a device are made available which, with relatively simple means, make it possible to protect a ship from attack by missiles with two-color target seekers.

Claims (13)

Verfahren zum Schutz eines Schiffes vor Flugkörpern mit Zweifarben-IR-Zielsuchköpfen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein auf dem Schiff angeordneter Störsender zumindest zeitweise kurzwellige IR-Strahlung emittiert, wobei die Strahlstärke des Störsenders derart eingestellt wird, daß das Verhältnis von kurzwelliger zu mittelwelliger IR-Strahlung so verschoben wird, daß das Schiff für den Zweifarben-IR-Zielsuchkopf nicht sicher als Ziel erkennbar ist.Method for protecting a ship from missiles with two-color IR target seekers, characterized in that a jamming transmitter arranged on the ship at least temporarily emits short-wave IR radiation, the radiation intensity of the jamming transmitter being set such that the ratio of short-wave to medium-wave IR Radiation is shifted so that the ship is not reliably recognizable as a target for the two-color IR seeker. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der IR-Störsender ausschließlich IR-Strahlung im Bereich von 0,9 bis 3 µm emittiert.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the IR jammer emits only IR radiation in the range of 0.9 to 3 µm. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlungsquelle des IR-Störsenders eine Wolfram-Bandlampe, ein Nernst-Stift, eine Xenon-Bogenlampe, ein pyrotechnischer Brandsatz oder ein Schwarzkörperstrahler ist.Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radiation source of the IR interference transmitter is a tungsten band lamp, a Nernst pen, a xenon arc lamp, a pyrotechnic incendiary device or a blackbody emitter. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß gleichzeitig zur Emission des Störsenders IR-Scheinziele abgeschossen werden.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that IR false targets are fired simultaneously with the emission of the jamming transmitter. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strahlstärkeverlauf des kurzwelligen Störsenders mit dem des IR-Scheinzieles synchron ist.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the beam intensity profile of the short-wave jammer is synchronized with that of the IR dummy target. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlungsquelle ein Schwarzkörperstrahler mit einer Abstrahlung von mindestens 80 W/sr im kurzwelligen IR-Bereich ist.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation source is a black body radiator with a radiation of at least 80 W / sr in the short-wave IR range. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schwarzkörperstrahler ein Rohr ist, das auf eine Temperatur von mehr als 900°C beheizbar ist.Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the black body radiator is a tube which can be heated to a temperature of more than 900 ° C. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlungsquelle sich am oder nahe dem Strahlungsschwerpunkt des Schiffes befindet.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radiation source is located at or near the radiation center of gravity of the ship. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß gleichzeitig mit der Emission der kurzwelligen IR-Strahlung der Schiffsrumpf gekühlt wird, indem er mit Meerwasser bespült wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ship's hull is cooled simultaneously with the emission of the short-wave IR radiation by being rinsed with sea water. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Strahlungsquelle umfaßt, die kurzwellige IR-Strahlung emittiert.Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a radiation source which emits short-wave IR radiation. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlungsquelle des IR-Störsenders zur Abblockung mittel- und langwelliger IR-Strahlung von einem Filter, bevorzugt aus optischem Glas, umgeben ist und zur Eliminierung von sichtbarem Licht gegebenenfalls von einem Rotfilter umhüllt ist.Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the radiation source of the IR jammer is blocked by a filter, preferably made of optical glass, for blocking medium- and long-wave IR radiation, and is optionally enveloped by a red filter to eliminate visible light. Vorrichtung zum Schutz eines Schiffes vor Flugkörpern mit IR-Zielsuchköpfen, insbesondere zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, gekennzeichnet durch ein Rohr (1), das auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 900 bis 1100°C beheizbar ist und von einem Mantel (2) aus normalem optischem Glas umgeben ist, und zusätzlich einen Rotfilter (3), der für Strahlung im Bereich von < 900 nm undurchlässig ist, aufweist.Device for protecting a ship from missiles with IR target seekers, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized by a tube (1) which can be heated to a temperature in the range from 900 to 1100 ° C and by one Sheath (2) is surrounded by normal optical glass, and additionally has a red filter (3), which is opaque to radiation in the range of <900 nm. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprühe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstrahlcharakteristik durch Reflektoren oder Spiegel in die jeweilige Bedrohungsrichtung gebündelt ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radiation characteristic is bundled in the respective threat direction by reflectors or mirrors.
EP92115945A 1991-09-18 1992-09-17 Procedure and arrangement for the protection of a ship against missiles with dual-frequency infrared detectors Expired - Lifetime EP0533169B1 (en)

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DE4131096 1991-09-18
DE4131096A DE4131096C2 (en) 1991-09-18 1991-09-18 Method and device for protecting a ship from missiles with two-color IR aiming heads

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EP0533169B1 EP0533169B1 (en) 1995-06-07

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JP (1) JP2731680B2 (en)
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US9310167B1 (en) 1995-11-28 2016-04-12 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Compact infrared countermeasure emitter
US5631441A (en) * 1996-04-02 1997-05-20 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government XDM pyrophoric countermeasure flare
US5742384A (en) * 1996-05-02 1998-04-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Compact scanning infrared countermeasure emitter

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EP0010568A1 (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-05-14 ELTRO GmbH Gesellschaft für Strahlungstechnik Method and apparatus for camouflaging a metallic object prevent radiometer locating by adapting its own radiation to the ambiant radiation
DE3217336A1 (en) * 1981-07-07 1983-03-03 Precitronic Gesellschaft für Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH, 2000 Hamburg Method and device for camouflaging water vehicles against electromagnetic radiation
WO1989006338A1 (en) * 1988-01-04 1989-07-13 The Commonwealth Of Australia Infrared signature control mechanism
EP0503506A1 (en) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-16 Buck Werke GmbH & Co Device for protection of aircraft against missiles with UV-seeker

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NO923608D0 (en) 1992-09-17
JPH05240599A (en) 1993-09-17
JP2731680B2 (en) 1998-03-25
CA2078504A1 (en) 1993-03-19
DE4131096C2 (en) 1994-12-15
NO302068B1 (en) 1998-01-19
CA2078504C (en) 1996-03-26
EP0533169B1 (en) 1995-06-07
DE59202448D1 (en) 1995-07-13
DE4131096A1 (en) 1993-04-01
US5315125A (en) 1994-05-24

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