EP0528720A1 - Process for co-laminating high speed steel on mild steel - Google Patents

Process for co-laminating high speed steel on mild steel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0528720A1
EP0528720A1 EP92402249A EP92402249A EP0528720A1 EP 0528720 A1 EP0528720 A1 EP 0528720A1 EP 92402249 A EP92402249 A EP 92402249A EP 92402249 A EP92402249 A EP 92402249A EP 0528720 A1 EP0528720 A1 EP 0528720A1
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Prior art keywords
steel
support
setting
mild steel
mild
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EP92402249A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0528720B1 (en
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Michel Jonas
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Acieries Et Forges D'anor A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
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Acieries Et Forges D'anor A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a process making it possible to carry out a co-rolling of a medium or high alloy steel on a mild steel, which has hitherto never been possible to carry out industrially.
  • Colaminating is a well-known process which makes it possible to press by forging at a temperature of about 1150 ° C. a setting of noble steel, therefore expensive, on a support of low-alloy steel, therefore inexpensive.
  • bimetallic bars are obtained, also called insert bars or composite steel bars or even steel bars.
  • This co-laminating technique is currently used mainly for the manufacture of wear plates, for example rolling mill slides, or for the manufacture of industrial-edge blades and knives, for example paper cutter blades, unwinding machines or wood slicer.
  • low alloy steel will be understood to mean steel grades comprising a maximum percentage of 2% of alloying elements such as silicon (Si), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), vanadium (V) and / or chromium (Cr) such as, for example, the grades 80WC20, 110WC10, 90MCW5, or 60WC20.
  • Medium or high alloy steels will be understood to mean steel grades comprising more than 2% of alloying elements such as for example Z160CDV12 or so-called high-speed steels of the 18-0-1 or 6-5-2 type, which are a special case of high alloy steels.
  • the object of the present invention is to enable industrial manufacture by co-rolling of expanded steel bars comprising medium or high alloy steel settings.
  • the stakes are constituted by alloy steels obtained by powder metallurgy in their raw state of compaction.
  • the invention consists in fact in the use of the mild steel gangue completely covering the sintered steel ingots after compaction as a bonding layer with the mild steel of the support and the counter-setting.
  • the production of steels and alloys by powder metallurgy is known: it consists in spraying the liquid metal into tiny droplets which are cooled in the form of powder constituted by microscopic spherical balls.
  • the alloy bars are obtained by very high pressure compacting of mild steel capsules containing alloy powder.
  • the ingots obtained are constituted by a sintered steel core to which is intimately linked a mild steel surface matrix coming from the capsule containing the powder before compacting.
  • the ingots are then rolled into bars and these bars are then machined to rid them of their mild steel gangue.
  • this gangue is preserved which during co-laminating will not cause not the appearance of oxides in harmful proportions with the sticking of the setting on its support.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the first phase of manufacturing the cutter blade.
  • the setting 1 is made of sintered high-speed steel provided with its mild steel compacting gangue on its mild steel support 2, by means of a weld bead 3.
  • the setting 1 is bordered by a mild steel counter-setting 6 which is also secured to the support 2 by a weld bead 3.
  • This coarse assembly by welding has the function of holding the parts 1, 2, and 3 during the co-laminating operation and of avoiding as much as possible the oxidation of the surfaces in contact during reheating to around 1100-1150 ° C which immediately precedes the co-lamination, the weld beads 3 playing the role of sealing beads.
  • the laminating operation is carried out, which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
  • the block produced in FIG. 1 and preheated is passed at least one, and preferably several times, through a rolling mill to obtain a wrought ratio of approximately 4 to 5.
  • stake 1 is made of a sintered steel bar having kept its gangue of mild steel, the quality of the forging obtained will ensure a very good physico-chemical bond between stake 1, counter stake 6 and support 2.
  • the bar is then heat treated and machined.
  • the parts 5a and 5b of the gangue are removed; a sharpening of the sintered high-speed steel core thus released makes it possible to form the cutting edge of the blade.
  • the holes and / or notches for fixing the tool 1 are made by drilling and / or milling in the mild steel part, namely the counter-setting and the support, this part not taking the hardening.
  • the invention is not limited to the manufacture of cutter blades such as that described above, but encompasses any steel bar / expanded alloy obtained by co-laminating a sintered alloy setting which has retained its gangue mild steel and any tool made from such a bar.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Abstract

Method for manufacturing, by means of co-laminating, bars of a steel forming a medium or high alloy with a mild steel. <??>It comprises bars (1) consisting of alloyed steels obtained by means of powder metallurgy and whose compacting gangue (matrix) (5) has been conserved. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé permettant de réaliser un colaminage d' un acier moyennement ou fortement allié sur un acier doux, ce qui n'a jusqu'à présent jamais été possible de réaliser industriellement.The subject of the present invention is a process making it possible to carry out a co-rolling of a medium or high alloy steel on a mild steel, which has hitherto never been possible to carry out industrially.

Le colaminage est un procédé bien connu qui permet de plaquer par forgeage à une température d'environ 1150° C une mise en acier noble, donc cher, sur un support en acier peu allié, donc bon marché. Par ce procédé on obtient des barres bimétalliques, appelées également barres à mise rapportée ou barres en acier composite ou encore barres en acier étoffé.Colaminating is a well-known process which makes it possible to press by forging at a temperature of about 1150 ° C. a setting of noble steel, therefore expensive, on a support of low-alloy steel, therefore inexpensive. By this process, bimetallic bars are obtained, also called insert bars or composite steel bars or even steel bars.

Cette technique de colaminage est actuellement utilisée principalement pour la fabrication de plats d'usure, par exemple des glissières de laminoirs, ou pour la fabrication de lames et de couteaux industriels à mise rapportée, par exemple les lames de massicot pour le papier, de dérouleuse ou de trancheuse pour le bois.This co-laminating technique is currently used mainly for the manufacture of wear plates, for example rolling mill slides, or for the manufacture of industrial-edge blades and knives, for example paper cutter blades, unwinding machines or wood slicer.

Toutefois, si le colaminage donne d'excellents résultats avec des mises en acier faiblement allié, il ne donne pas satisfaction pour des mises en acier moyennement ou fortement alliées.However, if the co-lamination gives excellent results with low alloy steel starts, it is not satisfactory for medium or high alloy steel starts.

Au sens de la présente description, on entendra par acier faiblement allié des nuances d'acier comportant un pourcentage maximum de 2% d'éléments d'alliage tels le silicium (Si), le molybdène (Mo), le tungstène (W), le vanadium (V) et/ou le chrome (Cr) comme par exemple les nuances 80WC20, 110WC10, 90MCW5, ou 60WC20. On entendra par aciers moyennement ou fortement alliés des nuances d'acier comportant plus de 2% d'éléments d'alliage comme par exemple le Z160CDV12 ou des aciers dits rapides du type 18-0-1 ou 6-5-2, qui sont un cas particulier des aciers fortement alliés.Within the meaning of the present description, the expression “low alloy steel” will be understood to mean steel grades comprising a maximum percentage of 2% of alloying elements such as silicon (Si), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), vanadium (V) and / or chromium (Cr) such as, for example, the grades 80WC20, 110WC10, 90MCW5, or 60WC20. Medium or high alloy steels will be understood to mean steel grades comprising more than 2% of alloying elements such as for example Z160CDV12 or so-called high-speed steels of the 18-0-1 or 6-5-2 type, which are a special case of high alloy steels.

La raison pour laquelle le colaminage d'un acier moyennement ou fortement allié avec un acier doux n'a pas été jusqu' à présent industriellement mis en oeuvre est que les éléments d'alliage (Si, Mo, W, V, Cr) provoquent une apparition trop importante d'oxydes qui rendent le collage de la mise sur son support très aléatoire, d'où un taux de rebut trop important.The reason why the co-lamination of medium or high alloy steel with mild steel did not been hitherto industrially implemented is that the alloying elements (Si, Mo, W, V, Cr) cause an excessive appearance of oxides which make the bonding of the setting on its support very random, where too high a reject rate.

C'est pourquoi, actuellement les lames industrielles comportant une mise en acier rapide que l'on trouve sur le marché sont fabriquées par brasage au cuivre, le cuivre interposé entre le support en acier doux et la mise en acier rapide assurant un collage efficace après fusion et refroidissement.This is why, currently the industrial blades comprising a rapid steel setting which are found on the market are manufactured by copper brazing, the copper interposed between the mild steel support and the rapid steel setting ensuring effective bonding after melting and cooling.

La présente invention a pour but de permettre la fabrication industrielle par colaminage de barres d'acier étoffé comportant des mises en acier moyennement ou fortement allié.The object of the present invention is to enable industrial manufacture by co-rolling of expanded steel bars comprising medium or high alloy steel settings.

Dans ce but, selon l'invention les mises sont constituées par des aciers alliés obtenus par la métallurgie des poudres dans leur état brut de compactage.For this purpose, according to the invention, the stakes are constituted by alloy steels obtained by powder metallurgy in their raw state of compaction.

L'invention consiste en effet dans l'utilisation de la gangue en acier doux recouvrant intégralement les lingots d'acier fritté après compactage comme couche de collage avec l'acier doux du support et de la contre-mise.The invention consists in fact in the use of the mild steel gangue completely covering the sintered steel ingots after compaction as a bonding layer with the mild steel of the support and the counter-setting.

L'élaboration des aciers et alliages par la métallurgie des poudres est connue : elle consiste à pulvériser le métal liquide en minuscules gouttelettes qui sont refroidies sous forme de poudre constituée par des billes sphériques microscopiques. Les barres d'alliage sont obtenues par compactage à très haute pression de capsules en acier doux renfermant de la poudre d'alliage. Les lingotins obtenus sont constitués par une âme en acier fritté auquel est intimement liée une gangue superficielle en acier doux provenant de la capsule contenant la poudre avant compactage. Les lingotins sont ensuite laminés en barres et ces barres sont ensuite usinées pour les débarrasser de leur gangue d'acier doux.The production of steels and alloys by powder metallurgy is known: it consists in spraying the liquid metal into tiny droplets which are cooled in the form of powder constituted by microscopic spherical balls. The alloy bars are obtained by very high pressure compacting of mild steel capsules containing alloy powder. The ingots obtained are constituted by a sintered steel core to which is intimately linked a mild steel surface matrix coming from the capsule containing the powder before compacting. The ingots are then rolled into bars and these bars are then machined to rid them of their mild steel gangue.

Dans le procédé selon l'invention, on conserve au contraire cette gangue qui lors du colaminage ne provoquera pas l'apparition d'oxydes dans des proportions néfastes au collage de la mise sur son support.In the process according to the invention, on the contrary, this gangue is preserved which during co-laminating will not cause not the appearance of oxides in harmful proportions with the sticking of the setting on its support.

Afin de faciliter la compréhension de l'invention on va décrire ci-après à titre d'exemple non limitatif l'application du procédé à la fabrication d'une lame de massicot en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels on a représenté :

  • Figure 1 une vue schématique en perspective d'un assemblage d'une barre en acier doux avec une mise en acier rapide fritté et une contre-mise en acier doux ;
  • Figure 2 une vue schématique en perspective illustrant l'opération de colaminage.
  • Figure 3 une vue schématique en coupe d'échelle agrandie selon la ligne III-III de la figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 une vue schématique en perspective montrant partiellement une lame de massicot obtenue par le procédé selon l'invention.
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the application of the method to the manufacture of a cutter blade will be described below by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which there is shown:
  • Figure 1 a schematic perspective view of an assembly of a mild steel bar with a sintered high-speed steel setting and a mild steel counter-setting;
  • Figure 2 a schematic perspective view illustrating the co-laminating operation.
  • Figure 3 a schematic enlarged sectional view along line III-III of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 a schematic perspective view partially showing a cutter blade obtained by the method according to the invention.

La figure 1 illustre la première phase de la fabrication de la lame de massicot. On assemble la mise 1 en acier rapide fritté munie da sa gangue de compactage en acier doux sur son support en acier doux 2, au moyen d'un cordon de soudure 3. La mise 1 est bordée par une contre-mise 6 en acier doux qui est également solidarisée sur le support 2 par un cordon de soudure 3. Cet assemblage grossier par soudure a pour fonctions de maintenir les pièces 1, 2, et 3 pendant l'opération de colaminage et d'éviter autant que faire se peut l'oxydation des surfaces en contact lors du réchauffage à environ 1100-1150° C qui précède immédiatement le colaminage, les cordons de soudure 3 jouant le rôle de cordons d'étanchéité.Figure 1 illustrates the first phase of manufacturing the cutter blade. The setting 1 is made of sintered high-speed steel provided with its mild steel compacting gangue on its mild steel support 2, by means of a weld bead 3. The setting 1 is bordered by a mild steel counter-setting 6 which is also secured to the support 2 by a weld bead 3. This coarse assembly by welding has the function of holding the parts 1, 2, and 3 during the co-laminating operation and of avoiding as much as possible the oxidation of the surfaces in contact during reheating to around 1100-1150 ° C which immediately precedes the co-lamination, the weld beads 3 playing the role of sealing beads.

Ensuite, on procède à l' opération de colaminage qui est représentée schématiquement à la figure 2. Au cours de cette opération, le bloc réalisé à la figure 1 et préchauffé est passé au moins une, et de préférence plusieurs, fois dans un laminoir pour obtenir un rapport de corroyage d'environ 4 à 5.Next, the laminating operation is carried out, which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2. During this operation, the block produced in FIG. 1 and preheated is passed at least one, and preferably several times, through a rolling mill to obtain a wrought ratio of approximately 4 to 5.

Comme indiqué précédemment, du fait que la mise 1 est faite d'une barre d'acier fritté ayant gardé sa gangue d'acier doux, la qualité du forgeage obtenu assurera une très bonne liaison physico-chimique entre la mise 1, la contre-mise 6 et le support 2.As indicated previously, the fact that stake 1 is made of a sintered steel bar having kept its gangue of mild steel, the quality of the forging obtained will ensure a very good physico-chemical bond between stake 1, counter stake 6 and support 2.

On voit en coupe sur la figure 3 l'âme 4 en acier rapide fritté de la mise 1 parfaitement entourée de sa gangue 5 en acier doux. Le colaminage a plaqué cette mise 1 et sa contre-mise 6 sur le support 2, en créant une liaison intime entre les trois pièces.We see in section in Figure 3 the core 4 of sintered high-speed steel of the setting 1 perfectly surrounded by its gangue 5 in mild steel. The colaminage plated this stake 1 and its counter-stake 6 on the support 2, creating an intimate connection between the three parts.

Pour obtenir le produit fini, en l'espèce la lame de massicot représentée à la figure 4, la barre est ensuite traitée thermiquement et usinée. Par fraisage et rectification le long des lignes X-X et Y-Y les parties 5a et 5b de la gangue sont enlevées; un affûtage de l'âme en acier rapide fritté ainsi dégagé permet de former le tranchant de la lame. Après trempe, les trous et/ou encoches de fixation de l'outil 1 sont fait par perçage et/ou fraisage dans la partie en acier doux, à savoir la contre-mise et le support, cette partie ne prenant pas la trempe.To obtain the finished product, in this case the cutter blade shown in FIG. 4, the bar is then heat treated and machined. By milling and rectification along the lines X-X and Y-Y the parts 5a and 5b of the gangue are removed; a sharpening of the sintered high-speed steel core thus released makes it possible to form the cutting edge of the blade. After hardening, the holes and / or notches for fixing the tool 1 are made by drilling and / or milling in the mild steel part, namely the counter-setting and the support, this part not taking the hardening.

La possibilité procurée par l'invention d'utiliser le colaminage pour de l'acier moyennement ou fortement allié permet de maintenir un prix des produits finis compétitif avec celui des produits actuellement obtenus par brasage, malgré le surcoût résultant de l'emploi d'acier fritté. En contrepartie, la qualité des outils obtenus grâce à l'emploi de l'acier fritté est notablement plus élevée que celle des outils actuellement proposés sur le marché.The possibility provided by the invention of using co-lamination for medium or high alloy steel makes it possible to maintain a competitive price for finished products with that of the products currently obtained by brazing, despite the additional cost resulting from the use of steel. sintered. On the other hand, the quality of the tools obtained through the use of sintered steel is significantly higher than that of the tools currently offered on the market.

On comprend que l'invention n' est pas limitée à la fabrication de lames de massicot telle que celle décrite ci-dessus, mais englobe toute barre d'acier/alliage étoffé obtenue par colaminage d'une mise en alliage fritté ayant conservé sa gangue en acier doux et à tout outil fabriqué à partir d'une telle barre.It is understood that the invention is not limited to the manufacture of cutter blades such as that described above, but encompasses any steel bar / expanded alloy obtained by co-laminating a sintered alloy setting which has retained its gangue mild steel and any tool made from such a bar.

Claims (6)

Procédé de fabrication par colaminage de barres à partir d'un support en acier doux (2) et d'une mise métallique (1) confinée dans une enveloppe superficielle également en acier doux (5), la mise (1) étant disposée directement sur le support (2), caractérisé en ce que la mise (1) est constituée par un acier moyennement ou fortement allié obtenu par la métallurgie des poudres, frittée préalablement à sa mise en place sur le support (2) et ayant conservé son enveloppe de compactage, en ce que, avant le laminage, la mise (1) est grossièrement fixée au support (2) par soudage, et en ce que l'ensemble est ensuite passé au laminoir pour subir simultanément une action de placage de la mise sur son support et de corroyage de l'ensemble.Method for manufacturing by co-laminating bars from a mild steel support (2) and a metallic cover (1) confined in a surface envelope also made of mild steel (5), the cover (1) being placed directly on the support (2), characterized in that the setting (1) consists of a medium or high alloyed steel obtained by powder metallurgy, sintered prior to its positioning on the support (2) and having retained its envelope compacting, in that, before rolling, the stake (1) is roughly fixed to the support (2) by welding, and in that the assembly is then passed to the rolling mill to simultaneously undergo a plating action of the stake on its support and wrought of the whole. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'acier de la mise (1) comporte plus de 2% d'éléments d'alliage tels que le silicium (Si), le molybdène (Mo), le tungstène (W), le vanadium (V) et/ou le chrome (Cr).Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel of the setting (1) comprises more than 2% of alloying elements such as silicon (Si), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), vanadium (V) and / or chromium (Cr). Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'acier est d'une nuance désignée Z160CDV12.Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the steel is of a grade designated Z160CDV12. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'acier est un acier dit rapide du type 18-0-1 ou 6-5-2.Process according to Claim 2, characterized in that the steel is a so-called rapid steel of the 18-0-1 or 6-5-2 type. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une contre-mise en acier doux (6) est, avant le colaminage, juxtaposée à la mise (1) sur le support (2) et également solidarisée à celui-ci ainsi qu'à la mise (1) par des cordons de soudure (3).Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mild steel counter-setting (6) is, before the co-laminating, juxtaposed with the setting (1) on the support (2) and also secured to it. Ci as well as the setting (1) by weld beads (3). Outil constitué par un support en acier doux (2) et une partie tranchante en acier moyennement ou fortement allié (1), cet outil étant fabriqué à partir d'une barre plane d'acier fritté (4), obtenue par le procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.Tool consisting of a mild steel support (2) and a cutting part in medium or high alloy steel (1), this tool being produced from a flat sintered steel bar (4), obtained by the process according to the 'any of the preceding claims.
EP92402249A 1991-08-09 1992-08-07 Process for co-laminating high speed steel on mild steel Expired - Lifetime EP0528720B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9110170A FR2680127A1 (en) 1991-08-09 1991-08-09 PROCESS FOR COLINATING RAPID STEEL ON SOFT STEEL.
FR9110170 1991-08-09

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EP0528720A1 true EP0528720A1 (en) 1993-02-24
EP0528720B1 EP0528720B1 (en) 1995-05-24

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EP (1) EP0528720B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0740064A (en)
AT (1) ATE122946T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69202652T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2680127A1 (en)

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ATE122946T1 (en) 1995-06-15
FR2680127A1 (en) 1993-02-12
DE69202652D1 (en) 1995-06-29
JPH0740064A (en) 1995-02-10
EP0528720B1 (en) 1995-05-24
US5246160A (en) 1993-09-21
FR2680127B1 (en) 1995-01-13
DE69202652T2 (en) 1996-02-08

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