EP0525477B1 - Oriented photopolymers and process of preparing same - Google Patents

Oriented photopolymers and process of preparing same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0525477B1
EP0525477B1 EP92111770A EP92111770A EP0525477B1 EP 0525477 B1 EP0525477 B1 EP 0525477B1 EP 92111770 A EP92111770 A EP 92111770A EP 92111770 A EP92111770 A EP 92111770A EP 0525477 B1 EP0525477 B1 EP 0525477B1
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Prior art keywords
light
oriented
layer
photopolymer
orientation
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EP92111770A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0525477A1 (en
Inventor
Vladimir Grigorievich Chigrinov
Vladimir Marcovich Kozenkov
Nicolic Vasilievich Novoseletsky
Victor Yurievich Reshetnyak
Yuriy Alexandrovich Reznikov
Martin Schadt
Klaus Schmitt
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Rolic Technologies Ltd
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Rolic AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S204/00—Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
    • Y10S204/90—Effecting a change in isomerization by wave energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to polymer networks with an oriented molecular configuration and methods of making them.
  • photo crosslinking finds various uses e.g. in fiber production, paint curing, Production of printing plates, etc.
  • the ones produced by photocrosslinking Polymer networks are intended to be photopolymers for the purpose of this description to be named.
  • oriented polymers too can be produced in that the orientation and simultaneous Crosslinking by irradiating a photocrosslinkable material with linearly polarized ultraviolet light is performed.
  • the one there emerging oriented polymer networks are used for the purpose of this Description referred to as photo-oriented polymer networks.
  • crosslinkable Material with light of different polarization direction too irradiate or crosslink the material in some areas with linear polarized UV light, in other areas with unpolarized light irradiate.
  • the photopolymer according to the invention contains preferably differently oriented areas or areas with differently oriented and unoriented molecular structures.
  • Oriented photopolymers are for different applications useful.
  • a special application is in the production of Orientation layers in liquid crystal cells.
  • the drawing shows a simple diagram Device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • a substrate e.g. glass plate
  • an electrode layer 2 there is a layer 3 made of a photopolymerizable organic material.
  • the layer is by means of a lens 4 and optionally a front mask 5 with linearly polarized light irradiated. This comes from a polarizer 6, the one with unpolarized UV light 7 is illuminated.
  • a interferometric imaging method with linearly polarized light can be used (UV laser).
  • a glass plate was coated with a 2% solution of polyvinyl cinnamate (mol. Wt. ⁇ 15000) in methyl cellosolve acetate in a spin coating process at 3000 rpm for approx. 30 s.
  • the thickness of the layer produced in this way was approximately 0.1 ⁇ m.
  • the layer was approx. 20 min. air-dried and then heated to approx. 80 ° -90 ° C for approx. 20 s.
  • the layer was exposed to the light from an HgHP lamp with a wavelength ⁇ of approximately 365 nm for approximately 100 s through a Glen-Thomson polarizer.
  • the irradiation energy was approximately 15 mW / cm 2 .
  • the layer thus treated had the ability to form a molecule to orientate the adjacent liquid crystal layer planar.
  • Example 2 In a procedure similar to that in Example 1, a layer of a solution of a polyvinyl ester of paramethoxycinnamic acid (molecular weight approx. 15000-50000) in chlorobenzene and dichlorethylene was 1: 1 for approx. 10 s with an irradiation power of the linearly polarized light of approx. 0.5 J / cm 2 exposed. The resulting layer also causes a parallel orientation of an adjacent liquid crystal.
  • a polyvinyl ester of paramethoxycinnamic acid molethoxycinnamic acid
  • Example 1 was repeated, but the exposure became linear polarized UV light in two successive steps Masks made so that only the through in the first exposure process the part of the layer not covered in the direction of vibration of the linear polarized light electrical vector predetermined direction was photopolymerized.
  • the mask was removed and irradiated with UV light Direction of vibration changed compared to the first exposure step has been. In this way, an orientation pattern became on the glass plate generated with two different directions of orientation.
  • Example 1 was repeated, but with the linearly polarized UV light through a narrow slit onto the slowly rotating one behind it Glass plate was depicted, which is the electrical vector of the light parallel to the Longitudinal axis of the slot swings. By rotating the plate during the Polymerization process creates a radial orientation of the polymer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Polymernetzwerke mit orientierter Molekülkonfiguration und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung.The invention relates to polymer networks with an oriented molecular configuration and methods of making them.

Es ist bekannt, dass die Vernetzung von Polymeren durch photochemische Initiation bewirkt werden kann. Diese sog. Photovernetzung findet vielfältige Anwendung z.B. bei der Faserproduktion, Lackhärtung, Herstellung von Druckplatten, etc. Die durch Photovernetzung hergestellten Polymernetzwerke sollen für den Zweck dieser Beschreibung Photopolymere genannt werden.It is known that the crosslinking of polymers by photochemical Initiation can be effected. This so-called photo crosslinking finds various uses e.g. in fiber production, paint curing, Production of printing plates, etc. The ones produced by photocrosslinking Polymer networks are intended to be photopolymers for the purpose of this description to be named.

Es ist auch bekannt, dass beim sog. Recken thermoplastischer Kunststoffe zum Zweck der Erhöhung ihrer Festigkeit eine parallele Ausrichtung der amorphen Bereiche stattfindet. Diese Ausrichtung kann z.B. thermisch fixiert werden. Auf diese Weise entstehen orientierte Polymere. Auch andere Verfahren der Herstellung orientierter Polymere sind bekannt, beispielsweise die einheitliche Ausrichtung im elektrischen Feld während der Polymerisation, sofern das Monomer einen elektrischen Dipol enthält.It is also known that in the so-called stretching thermoplastic Plastics for the purpose of increasing their strength a parallel Alignment of the amorphous areas takes place. This alignment can e.g. be thermally fixed. In this way, oriented ones emerge Polymers. Other processes for the production of oriented polymers are known, for example the uniform alignment in electrical Field during the polymerization, provided the monomer has an electrical Contains dipole.

Es wurde nun überraschend gefunden, dass orientierte Polymere auch dadurch herstellbar sind, dass die Orientierung und gleichzeitige Vernetzung durch Bestrahlung eines photovernetzbaren Materials mit linear polarisiertem Ultraviolett-Licht durchgeführt wird. Die dabei entstehenden orientierten Polymernetzwerke werden für den Zweck dieser Beschreibung als photoorientierte Polymernetzwerke bezeichnet.It has now surprisingly been found that oriented polymers too can be produced in that the orientation and simultaneous Crosslinking by irradiating a photocrosslinkable material with linearly polarized ultraviolet light is performed. The one there emerging oriented polymer networks are used for the purpose of this Description referred to as photo-oriented polymer networks.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, verschiedene Bereiche des vernetzbaren Materials mit Licht von unterschiedlicher Polarisationsrichtung zu bestrahlen oder das vernetzbare Material in Teilbereichen mit linear polarisiertem UV-Licht, in anderen Teilbereichen mit unpolarisiertem Licht zu bestrahlen.It is particularly preferred to use different areas of the crosslinkable Material with light of different polarization direction too irradiate or crosslink the material in some areas with linear polarized UV light, in other areas with unpolarized light irradiate.

Dementsprechend enthält das erfindungsgemässe Photopolymer vorzugsweise verschieden orientierte Gebiete oder Gebiete mit unterschiedlich orientierten und unorientierten Molekülstrukturen.Accordingly, the photopolymer according to the invention contains preferably differently oriented areas or areas with differently oriented and unoriented molecular structures.

Orientierte Photopolymere sind für unterschiedliche Anwendungen brauchbar. Eine spezielle Anwendung besteht in der Herstellung von Orientierungsschichten in Flüssigkristallzellen. Für die Einzelheiten dieser Anwendung wird auf die gleichzeitig hinterlegte Patentanmeldung Nr. EP-A-0 525 478 mit dem Titel "Flüssigkristallanzeigezelle" Bezug genommen.Oriented photopolymers are for different applications useful. A special application is in the production of Orientation layers in liquid crystal cells. For the details of this Application is made to the simultaneously filed patent application No. EP-A-0 525 478 entitled "Liquid Crystal Display Cell".

Eine weitere Anwendung beruht aufder durch die Orientierung bewirkten optischen Anisotropie des Polymermaterials. Durch das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren hergestellte Polymerschichten können z.B. in Flüssigkristallzellen bzw. allgemein im optischen Strahlengang von Flüssigkristallzellen als sog. Kompensations- oder Retarderschichten eingesetzt werden, mit denen in hochverdrillten nematischen Zellen die typischen störenden Färbungen eliminiert werden können. Für Einzelheiten dieser und weiterer Anwendungen wird auf die gleichzeitig hinterlegte Patentanmeldung Nr. EP-A-0 525 473 mit dem Titel "Bilddarstellungseinrichtung" Bezug genommen.Another application is based on orientation caused optical anisotropy of the polymer material. By the Polymer layers produced according to the method of the invention can e.g. in liquid crystal cells or generally in the optical beam path of Liquid crystal cells as so-called compensation or retarder layers are used with which in highly twisted nematic cells typical disturbing stains can be eliminated. For details this and other applications will be on at the same time Filed Patent Application No. EP-A-0 525 473 entitled "Image display device" referred.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung und der nachstehenden Beispiele näher erläutert.In the following the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing and the examples below.

Die Zeichnung zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine einfache Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens. Auf einem Substrat (z.B. Glasplatte) die mit einer Elektrodenschicht 2 versehen ist, befindet sich eine Schicht 3 aus einem photopolymerisierbaren organischen Material. Die Schicht wird mittels einer Linse 4 und gegebenenfalls einer vorgesetzten Maske 5 mit linear polarisiertem Licht bestrahlt. Dieses kommt von einem Polarisator 6, der mit unpolarisiertem UV-Licht 7 beleuchtet wird. An Stelle der Maske 4 kann auch ein interferometrisches Abbildungsverfahren mit linear polarisiertem Licht verwendet werden (UV Laser).The drawing shows a simple diagram Device for carrying out the method according to the invention. On a substrate (e.g. glass plate) provided with an electrode layer 2 is, there is a layer 3 made of a photopolymerizable organic material. The layer is by means of a lens 4 and optionally a front mask 5 with linearly polarized light irradiated. This comes from a polarizer 6, the one with unpolarized UV light 7 is illuminated. Instead of the mask 4, a interferometric imaging method with linearly polarized light can be used (UV laser).

Beispiel 1example 1

Eine 2%ige Lösung von Polyvinylcinnamat (Mol. Gew. ∼ 15 000) in Methylcellosolveacetat wurde auf eine Glasplatte gegossen, 20 Minuten an der Luft und anschliessend auf einer Warmplatte mit 90°C getrocknet. Nach dieser Trocknung zeigte die Schicht keine messbare Doppelbrechung. Die Schicht wurde sodann bei Raumtemperatur mit Licht einer Quecksilberdampflampe durch einen Polarisationsfilter hindurch während 2 Stunden belichtet. Danach war im Mikroskop Doppelbrechung beobachtbar. Sie wurde im Kippkompensator vermessen und betrug Δn·d = 250nm.A 2% solution of polyvinyl cinnamate (mol. Wt. ∼ 15 000) in Methyl cellosolve acetate was poured onto a glass plate for 20 minutes in the air and then dried on a hot plate at 90 ° C. After this drying showed no measurable birefringence. The Layer was then at room temperature with light from a mercury lamp through a polarizing filter for 2 hours exposed. Then birefringence was observed in the microscope. she was measured in the tilt compensator and was Δn · d = 250nm.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Eine Glasplatte wurde mit einer 2%igen Lösung von Polyvinylcinnamat (Mol. Gew. ∼ 15000) in Methylcellosolveacetat in einem Spin-Coating Verfahren mit 200 Upm beschichtet und entsprechend Beispiel 1 getrocknet. Nach der Trocknung zeigte die Schicht keine Doppelbrechung. Danach wurde wie in Beispiel 1 belichtet. Nach der Belichtung zeigte die Schicht einen optischen Gangunterschied Δn·d = 25 nm und einen Brechungsindex von ca. 1.6. Die Schichtdickenmessung mit einem Interferenzmikroskop ergab d = 455 nm.A glass plate was covered with a 2% solution of polyvinyl cinnamate (Mol. Wt. ∼ 15000) in methyl cellosolve acetate in a spin coating Process coated with 200 rpm and dried according to Example 1. After drying, the layer showed no birefringence. After that was exposed as in Example 1. After exposure, the layer showed an optical path difference Δn · d = 25 nm and a refractive index from approx. 1.6. The layer thickness measurement with an interference microscope gave d = 455 nm.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Eine Glasplatte wurde mit einer 2%igen Lösung von Polyvinylcinnamat (Mol. Gew. ∼ 15000) in Methylcellosolveacetat in einem Spin-Coating Verfahren mit 3000 Upm während ca. 30 s beschichtet. Die Dicke der so hergestellten Schicht betrug ca. 0.1µm. Danach wurde die Schicht ca. 20 min. an der Luft getrocknet und anschliessend während ca. 20 s auf ca. 80°-90°C erhitzt. Nach dieser Vorbehandlung wurde die Schicht während ca. 100 s der Bestrahlung mit dem Licht einer HgHP-Lampe mit einer Wellenlänge λ von ca. 365 nm durch einen Glen-Thomson-Polarisator ausgesetzt. Die Bestrahlungsenergie betrug ca. 15 mW/cm2.A glass plate was coated with a 2% solution of polyvinyl cinnamate (mol. Wt. ∼ 15000) in methyl cellosolve acetate in a spin coating process at 3000 rpm for approx. 30 s. The thickness of the layer produced in this way was approximately 0.1 μm. Then the layer was approx. 20 min. air-dried and then heated to approx. 80 ° -90 ° C for approx. 20 s. After this pretreatment, the layer was exposed to the light from an HgHP lamp with a wavelength λ of approximately 365 nm for approximately 100 s through a Glen-Thomson polarizer. The irradiation energy was approximately 15 mW / cm 2 .

Die so behandelte Schicht hatte die Fähigkeit, die Moleküle einer angrenzenden Flüssigkristallschicht planar zu orientieren.The layer thus treated had the ability to form a molecule to orientate the adjacent liquid crystal layer planar.

Beispiel 4Example 4

In einem ähnlichen Vorgehen wie in Beispiel 1 wurde eine Schicht aus einer Lösung eines Polyvinylesters der Paramethoxyzimtsäure (Molekulargewicht ca. 15000-50000) in Chlorbenzol und Dichloräthylen 1:1 während ca. 10 s einer Bestrahlungsleistung des linear polarisierten Lichtes von ca. 0.5 J/cm2 ausgesetzt. Die entstehende Schicht bewirkt ebenfalls eine parallele Orientierung eines angrenzenden Flüssigkristalls.In a procedure similar to that in Example 1, a layer of a solution of a polyvinyl ester of paramethoxycinnamic acid (molecular weight approx. 15000-50000) in chlorobenzene and dichlorethylene was 1: 1 for approx. 10 s with an irradiation power of the linearly polarized light of approx. 0.5 J / cm 2 exposed. The resulting layer also causes a parallel orientation of an adjacent liquid crystal.

Beispiel 5Example 5

Beispiel 1 wurde wiederholt, jedoch wurde die Belichtung mit linear polarisiertem UV-Licht in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schritten durch Masken so vorgenommen, dass im ersten Belichtungsprozess nur der durch die Maske nicht abgedeckte Teil der Schicht in die durch die Schwingungsrichtung des elektrischen Vektors des linear polarisierten Lichtes vorgegebene Richtung photopolymerisiert wurde. Im zweiten Belichtungsschritt wurde die Maske entfernt und mit UV-Licht bestrahlt, dessen Schwingungsrichtung gegenüber dem ersten Belichtungsschritt verändert wurde. Auf diese Weise wurde auf der Glasplatte ein Orientierungsmuster mit zwei unterschiedlichen Orientierungsrichtungen erzeugt.Example 1 was repeated, but the exposure became linear polarized UV light in two successive steps Masks made so that only the through in the first exposure process the part of the layer not covered in the direction of vibration of the linear polarized light electrical vector predetermined direction was photopolymerized. In the second exposure step the mask was removed and irradiated with UV light Direction of vibration changed compared to the first exposure step has been. In this way, an orientation pattern became on the glass plate generated with two different directions of orientation.

Beispiel 6Example 6

Beispiel 1 wurde wiederholt, wobei jedoch das linear polarisierte UV-Licht durch einen schmalen Schlitz so auf die dahinter langsam rotierende Glasplatte abgebildet wurde, das der elektrische Vektor des Lichtes parallel zur Längsachse des Schlitzes schwingt. Durch die Rotation der Platte während des Polymerisierungsprozesses entsteht eine radiale Orientierung des Polymers.Example 1 was repeated, but with the linearly polarized UV light through a narrow slit onto the slowly rotating one behind it Glass plate was depicted, which is the electrical vector of the light parallel to the Longitudinal axis of the slot swings. By rotating the plate during the Polymerization process creates a radial orientation of the polymer.

Claims (6)

  1. A process for the manufacture of an oriented photopolymer, characterized in that an orientation and simultaneous polymerization is brought about by irradiating a polymerizable material (3) with plane-polarized UV-light (7).
  2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that different regions of the polymerizable material (3) are irradiated with light polarized in different directions.
  3. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that some parts of the polymerizable material (3) are irradiated with plane-polarized light whereas other parts are irradiated with nonpolarized light.
  4. A photopolymer, characterized in that it is manufactured by a process according to any of claims 1 to 3.
  5. A photopolymer according to claim 4, characterized in that its orientation varies from region to region.
  6. A photopolymer according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains regions with variously oriented or non-oriented molecular structures.
EP92111770A 1991-07-26 1992-07-10 Oriented photopolymers and process of preparing same Expired - Lifetime EP0525477B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2244/91 1991-07-26
CH224491 1991-07-26

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EP0525477A1 EP0525477A1 (en) 1993-02-03
EP0525477B1 true EP0525477B1 (en) 1998-09-16

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US (1) US5389698A (en)
EP (1) EP0525477B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2682771B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100256156B1 (en)
DE (1) DE59209499D1 (en)
HK (1) HK1011372A1 (en)
SG (1) SG50596A1 (en)

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