EP0525330A1 - Process for constructing a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine and cylinder head - Google Patents

Process for constructing a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine and cylinder head Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0525330A1
EP0525330A1 EP92109251A EP92109251A EP0525330A1 EP 0525330 A1 EP0525330 A1 EP 0525330A1 EP 92109251 A EP92109251 A EP 92109251A EP 92109251 A EP92109251 A EP 92109251A EP 0525330 A1 EP0525330 A1 EP 0525330A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
cylinder head
chamber plate
bottom wall
head housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92109251A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0525330B1 (en
Inventor
Franz Dr.-Ing. Rückert
Juri Vlach
Rudolf Reinhardt
Dieter Hahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler Benz AG
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz AG
Mercedes Benz AG
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Publication of EP0525330A1 publication Critical patent/EP0525330A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0525330B1 publication Critical patent/EP0525330B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/26—Flame plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/248—Methods for avoiding thermal stress-induced cracks in the zone between valve seat openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/249—Cylinder heads with flame plate, e.g. insert in the cylinder head used as a thermal insulation between cylinder head and combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with a cylinder head housing made of an aluminum material with a combustion chamber plate made of a heat-resistant material inserted into the bottom wall of the combustion chamber.
  • a cylinder head of the generic type in which a combustion chamber floor made of dispersion-hardened aluminum is used.
  • a welding technique for the fastening of the combustion chamber floor in the cylinder head housing, the possibility of using a welding technique is only given in principle.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object for a cylinder head made of an aluminum material with inserted in the bottom wall of the combustion chamber plate made of a high-temperature resistant material, a simple and inexpensive method for a flush and permanent connection of the combustion chamber plate and cylinder head housing.
  • a direct connection between the materials of the combustion chamber plate and the cylinder head housing is achieved in a simple manner by the method according to the invention.
  • the boundary layer between the bottom wall and the combustion chamber plate is melted in the area of the cylinder head covered by the combustion chamber plate, whereby the combustion chamber plate penetrates into the cylinder head floor, partly displacing the liquefied material, as a result of the pressure applied at the same time.
  • the resulting inseparable welded connection extends largely pore-free over the entire contact area between the combustion chamber plate and the bottom wall of the cylinder head.
  • the combustion chamber plate 2 shown in FIG. 1 has a circular, disk-shaped shape, in which a central, axially running passage 4 and grooves 5 on the combustion chamber side are arranged for the engagement of the workpiece holder of a friction welding machine.
  • This special holder ensures the transmission of the torque required during friction welding, as well as the possibility of welding combustion chambers with a small cylinder spacing side by side.
  • the thickness of the combustion chamber plate 2 is chosen so that the grooves 5 are completely eliminated during the finishing of the cylinder head 1.
  • the combustion chamber plate 2 is preferably made of a highly heat-resistant material, for example a suitable aluminum material. This material can be reinforced either continuously or, as in FIG. 5, in a layer 6 on the combustion chamber side by embedded fibers, preferably A1 2 O 3 fibers.
  • the coherent joining surface 7 of the combustion chamber plate 2 on the cylinder head side consists of a small, central, annular surface 8, which is enclosed by a surface 9 with a slightly conical or spherical shape, through which the thickness of the combustion chamber plate 2 tapers towards the edge, the outer end of which Surface can be formed as a transition radius 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows the blank of the cylinder head housing 3, which is produced in a known manner from an aluminum material by casting, from which the flat bottom wall 11 on the combustion chamber side, a central opening 12 and the gas exchange channels 13 which end blindly at the transition into the bottom wall 11 are visible. These blind-ended gas exchange channels 13 result in a coherent joining surface 14 of the bottom wall 11.
  • the joining surface 14 of the bottom wall 11 or both joining surfaces 7, 14 can likewise have a slightly conical or spherical shape.
  • This design feature which is essential for the subsequent process of assembling, ensures that when the combustion chamber plate 2 is positioned in the correct position on the cylinder head housing 3 before the beginning of the joining process, only the small, central surface 8 is in direct contact with the combustion chamber-side joining surface 14 of the bottom wall 11 and also with increasing radial Distance from the central passage 4 or opening 12 there is a widening gap between the joining surfaces 7, 14 to be welded.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the Combustion chamber plate 2 is only suitable for a substantially flat or slightly curved shape of the combustion chamber 15. Further designs of a combustion chamber plate for deeper arched combustion chambers are possible in that a conical, conical or similar recess is machined into the cylinder head housing and the joint surface on the cylinder head side of the combustion chamber plate is designed corresponding to the recess in the cylinder head housing. Regardless of the special shape of the combustion chamber, however, the design essential for the course of the friction welding process must be ensured with a small, central contact surface and, in addition, with a gap between the joining surfaces that becomes wider as the radial distance from the center increases.
  • the prefabricated cylinder head housing 3 and the combustion chamber plate 2 are joined together in the manner according to the invention by friction welding, in that the circumferential combustion chamber plate 2 is set against the stationary cylinder head housing 3 by means of a friction welding device.
  • the heating or melting process begins at the small, central surface 8 in the area of direct contact with the joining surfaces 7, 14 directly around the central opening 12 or bushing 4, which increases as the friction time increases continues outside.
  • Part of the material melted during the welding process at the boundary layer between the parts to be welded flows in the course of the welding process, due to the contact pressure and the displacing effect of the slightly conical or spherical joining surface 7 of the combustion chamber plate 2, from the inside to the outside, thereby forming the weld bead 16
  • Another part of the melted material can also flow through or into the central opening 12 or passage 4.
  • This melting and draining process of the material is continued until the joining surfaces 7, 14 have melted up to the edge zones of the parts to be welded. Due to the heating and melting from the inside to the outside, a pore-free weld connection 17 is achieved over the entire joint surface 7.14, the torque required for the welding process being relatively small in relation to the size of the joint surfaces 7.14.
  • the welding process is completed in a known manner by terminating the rotary movement and pressing the parts to be welded together.
  • the cylinder head 1 shown in FIG. 3 with the completed weld joint 17 can now be further processed by means of suitable processing methods.
  • the connection to the blindly changing gas exchange channels 13 is established and finished in accordance with FIG.
  • the projection 19 of the combustion chamber plate 2 with the grooves 5 and the weld bead 16 are machined, the combustion chamber 15 is shaped and the central opening 12 or bushing 4 is drilled out and finished for receiving a spark plug or an injection nozzle.

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zylinderkopfes (1) einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Zylinderkopfgehäuse (3) aus einem Aluminium-Werkstoff mit einer in die brennraumseitige Bodenwand (11) des Zylinderkopfgehäuses (3) eingefügten Bodenplatte (14) aus einem hochwarmfesten Werkstoff. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, für die Herstellung eines derartigen Zylinderkopfes (1) ein einfaches und kostengünstiges Verfahren aufzuzeigen. Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Brennraumplatte (2) durch Reibschweißen mit der Bodenwand (11) des Zylinderkopfgehäuses (3) verbunden wird. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird auf einfache Weise eine direkte, flächenschlüssige Verbindung zwischen den unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen von Brennraumplatte (2) und Zylinderkopfgehäuse (3) erzielt. Die hierdurch entstehende unlösbare Schweißverbindung erstreckt sich weitestgehend porenfrei über die gesamte Kontaktfläche zwischen der Brennraumplatte (2) und der Bodenwand (11) des Zylinderkopfes (1). <IMAGE>The invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head (1) of an internal combustion engine with a cylinder head housing (3) made of an aluminum material with a base plate (14) made of a high temperature resistant material inserted into the bottom wall (11) of the cylinder head housing (3) on the combustion chamber side. The invention has for its object to show a simple and inexpensive method for the production of such a cylinder head (1). The object is achieved in that the combustion chamber plate (2) is connected by friction welding to the bottom wall (11) of the cylinder head housing (3). A direct, area-fitting connection between the different materials of the combustion chamber plate (2) and cylinder head housing (3) is achieved in a simple manner by the method according to the invention. The resulting non-detachable welded connection extends largely pore-free over the entire contact area between the combustion chamber plate (2) and the bottom wall (11) of the cylinder head (1). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zylinderkopfes einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Zylinderkopfgehäuse aus einem Aluminium-Werkstoff mit einer in die brennraumseitigen Bodenwand eingefügten Brennraumplatte aus einem hochwarmfesten Werkstoff.The invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with a cylinder head housing made of an aluminum material with a combustion chamber plate made of a heat-resistant material inserted into the bottom wall of the combustion chamber.

Aus der DE-OS 31 00 755 ist ein Zylinderkopf der gattungsgemäßen Art bekannt, in dem ein Brennraumboden aus dispersionsgehärteten Aluminium eingesetzt ist. Für die Befestigung des Brennraumbodens im Zylinderkopfgehäuse ist nur prinzipiell die Möglichkeit der Anwendung eines schweißtechnischen Verfahrens angegeben.From DE-OS 31 00 755 a cylinder head of the generic type is known, in which a combustion chamber floor made of dispersion-hardened aluminum is used. For the fastening of the combustion chamber floor in the cylinder head housing, the possibility of using a welding technique is only given in principle.

Der Erfindung liegt also die Aufgabe zugrunde, für einen Zylinderkopf aus einem Aluminium-Werkstoff mit in der Bodenwand eingefügter Brennraumplatte aus einem hochwarmfesten Werkstoff ein einfaches und kostengünstiges Verfahren für eine flächenschlüssige und dauerhafte Verbindung von Brennraumplatte und Zylinderkopfgehäuse aufzuzeigen.The invention is therefore based on the object for a cylinder head made of an aluminum material with inserted in the bottom wall of the combustion chamber plate made of a high-temperature resistant material, a simple and inexpensive method for a flush and permanent connection of the combustion chamber plate and cylinder head housing.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 4 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 4. Further advantageous features of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird auf einfache Weise eine direkte Verbindung zwischen den Werkstoffen von Brennraumplatte und Zylinderkopfgehäuse erzielt. Durch die Anwendung des Reibschweißverfahrens wird in dem von der Brennraumplatte erfaßten Bereich des Zylinderkopfes die Grenzschicht zwischen der Bodenwand und der Brennraumplatte aufgeschmolzen, wodurch in der Folge des gleichzeitig aufgebrachten Druckes die Brennraumplatte unter teilweiser Verdrängung des verflüssigten Materials in den Zylinderkopfboden eindringt. Die hierdurch entstehende unlösbare Schweißverbindung erstreckt sich weitestgehend porenfrei über die gesamte Kontaktfläche zwischen der Brennraumplatte und der Bodenwand des Zylinderkopfes.A direct connection between the materials of the combustion chamber plate and the cylinder head housing is achieved in a simple manner by the method according to the invention. By using the friction welding process, the boundary layer between the bottom wall and the combustion chamber plate is melted in the area of the cylinder head covered by the combustion chamber plate, whereby the combustion chamber plate penetrates into the cylinder head floor, partly displacing the liquefied material, as a result of the pressure applied at the same time. The resulting inseparable welded connection extends largely pore-free over the entire contact area between the combustion chamber plate and the bottom wall of the cylinder head.

In den Zeichnungen ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt.In the drawings, an embodiment of the invention is shown.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 im Querschnitt eine Brennraumplatte als zylinderkopfseitige Begrenzung eines nicht weiter dargestellten Brennraumes,
  • Fig. 2 im Querschnitt einen brennraumseitigen Ausschnitt eines Zylinderkopfgehäuses,
  • Fig. 3 im Querschnitt die Reibschweißverbindung zwischen Zylinderkopfgehäuse und Brennraumplatte,
  • Fig. 4 im Querschnitt den Zylinderkopf aus Fig. 3 im fertigbearbeiteten Zustand,
  • Fig. 5 im Querschnitt eine aus zwei Werkstoffschichten aufgebaute Brennraumplatte.
Show it:
  • 1 in cross section a combustion chamber plate as a cylinder head-side boundary of a combustion chamber, not shown,
  • 2 shows in cross section a section of a cylinder head housing on the combustion chamber side,
  • 3 shows in cross section the friction weld connection between the cylinder head housing and the combustion chamber plate,
  • 4 in cross section the cylinder head from FIG. 3 in the finished state,
  • 5 shows in cross section a combustion chamber plate constructed from two layers of material.

In den Fig 1 und 2 sind als Einzelteile eines Zylinderkopfes 1 die Rohlinge einer Brennraumplatte 2 und eines Zylinderkopfgehäuses 3 vor ihrer Zusammenfügung dargestellt.1 and 2, the blanks of a combustion chamber plate 2 and a cylinder head housing 3 are shown as individual parts of a cylinder head 1 before they are assembled.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Brennraumplatte 2 weist eine kreisrunde, scheibenförmige Form auf, in der eine mittige, axial verlaufende Durchführung 4 und brennraumseitig radial verlaufende Nuten 5 für den Eingriff der Werkstückaufnahme einer Reibschweißmaschine angeordnet sind. Diese spezielle Aufnahme gewährleistet die Übertragung des während der Reibschweißung erforderlichen Drehmomentes, sowie die Möglichkeit Brennräume mit einem geringen Zylinderabstand nebeneinander zu schweißen. Die Dicke der Brennraumplatte 2 ist so gewählt, daß bei der Fertigbearbeitung des Zylinderkopfes 1 die Nuten 5 vollständig beseitigt werden. Die Brennraumplatte 2 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem hochwarmfesten Werkstoff, z.B. einem geeigneten Aluminium-Werkstoff. Dieser Werkstoff kann entweder durchgehend oder wie in Fig. 5 in einer brennraumseitigen Schicht 6 durch eingelagerte Fasern, vorzugsweise A1203-Fasern verstärkt sein. Die zusammenhängende zylinderkopfseitige Fügefläche 7 der Brennraumplatte 2 besteht aus einer kleinen, zentralen, kreisringförmigen Fläche 8, die von einer Fläche 9 mit leicht kegeliger oder balliger Gestalt umschlossen ist, durch die sich die Dicke der Brennraumplatte 2 zum Rand verjüngt, wobei der äußere Abschluß dieser Fläche als Übergangsradius 10 ausgebildet sein kann.The combustion chamber plate 2 shown in FIG. 1 has a circular, disk-shaped shape, in which a central, axially running passage 4 and grooves 5 on the combustion chamber side are arranged for the engagement of the workpiece holder of a friction welding machine. This special holder ensures the transmission of the torque required during friction welding, as well as the possibility of welding combustion chambers with a small cylinder spacing side by side. The thickness of the combustion chamber plate 2 is chosen so that the grooves 5 are completely eliminated during the finishing of the cylinder head 1. The combustion chamber plate 2 is preferably made of a highly heat-resistant material, for example a suitable aluminum material. This material can be reinforced either continuously or, as in FIG. 5, in a layer 6 on the combustion chamber side by embedded fibers, preferably A1 2 O 3 fibers. The coherent joining surface 7 of the combustion chamber plate 2 on the cylinder head side consists of a small, central, annular surface 8, which is enclosed by a surface 9 with a slightly conical or spherical shape, through which the thickness of the combustion chamber plate 2 tapers towards the edge, the outer end of which Surface can be formed as a transition radius 10.

In Fig. 2 ist der Rohling des in bekannter Weise aus einem Aluminium-Werkstoff durch Gießen hergestellten Zylinderkopfgehäuses 3 dargestellt, von dem die ebene brennraumseitige Bodenwand 11, eine zentrale Öffnung 12 sowie die am Übergang in die Bodenwand 11 blind endenden Gaswechselkanäle 13 sichtbar sind. Durch diese blind endenden Gaswechselkanäle 13 ergibt sich eine zusammenhängende Fügefläche 14 der Bodenwand 11.2 shows the blank of the cylinder head housing 3, which is produced in a known manner from an aluminum material by casting, from which the flat bottom wall 11 on the combustion chamber side, a central opening 12 and the gas exchange channels 13 which end blindly at the transition into the bottom wall 11 are visible. These blind-ended gas exchange channels 13 result in a coherent joining surface 14 of the bottom wall 11.

Statt der Fügefläche 7 der Brennraumplatte 2 kann gleichermaßen die Fügefläche 14 der Bodenwand 11 oder beide Fügeflächen 7,14 eine leicht keglige oder ballige Gestalt aufweisen. Mit diesem für den nachfolgenden Vorgang des Zusammenfügens wesentlichen Gestaltungsmerkmal wird sichergestellt, daß bei lagerichtiger Positionierung der Brennraumplatte 2 am Zylinderkopfgehäuse 3 vor Beginn des Fügevorganges nur die kleine, zentrale Fläche 8 direkt an der brennraumseitigen Fügefläche 14 der Bodenwand 11 anliegt und darüber hinaus mit zunehmendem radialen Abstand von der zentralen Durchführung 4 bzw. Öffnung 12 ein breiter werdender Spalt zwischen den zu verschweißenden Fügeflächen 7,14 vorhanden ist.Instead of the joining surface 7 of the combustion chamber plate 2, the joining surface 14 of the bottom wall 11 or both joining surfaces 7, 14 can likewise have a slightly conical or spherical shape. This design feature, which is essential for the subsequent process of assembling, ensures that when the combustion chamber plate 2 is positioned in the correct position on the cylinder head housing 3 before the beginning of the joining process, only the small, central surface 8 is in direct contact with the combustion chamber-side joining surface 14 of the bottom wall 11 and also with increasing radial Distance from the central passage 4 or opening 12 there is a widening gap between the joining surfaces 7, 14 to be welded.

Die beispielhaft dargestellte Ausbildung der Brennraumplatte 2 ist nur für eine im wesentlichen flache oder leicht ausgewölbte Form des Brennraumes 15 geeignet. Weitere Ausbildungen einer Brennraumplatte für tiefer ausgewölbte Brennräume sind möglich, indem in das Zylinderkopfgehäuse eine konische, kegelige oder ähnliche Aussparung eingearbeitet wird und die zylinderkopfseitige Fügefläche der Brennraumplatte entsprechend der Aussparung im Zylinderkopfgehäuse ausgebildet ist.
Unabhängig von der speziellen Brennraumform muß jedoch die für den Ablauf des Reibschweißvorganges wesentliche Gestaltung mit einer kleinen, zentralen Kontaktfläche und über diese hinaus mit einem bei zunehmenden radialen Abstand von der Mitte breiter werdenden Spalt zwischen den Fügeflächen gewährleistet sein.The exemplary embodiment of the Combustion chamber plate 2 is only suitable for a substantially flat or slightly curved shape of the combustion chamber 15. Further designs of a combustion chamber plate for deeper arched combustion chambers are possible in that a conical, conical or similar recess is machined into the cylinder head housing and the joint surface on the cylinder head side of the combustion chamber plate is designed corresponding to the recess in the cylinder head housing.
Regardless of the special shape of the combustion chamber, however, the design essential for the course of the friction welding process must be ensured with a small, central contact surface and, in addition, with a gap between the joining surfaces that becomes wider as the radial distance from the center increases.

Das vorgefertigte Zylinderkopfgehäuse 3 und die Brennraumplatte 2 werden in erfindungsgemäßer Weise durch Reibschweißen zusammengefügt, indem mittels einer Reibschweißvorrichtung die umlaufende Brennraumplatte 2 gegen das feststehende Zylinderkopfgehäuse 3 angestellt wird. Durch die Gestaltung der Fügeflächen 7,14 beginnt der Aufheiz- bzw. Aufschmelzvorgang zunächst an der kleinen, zentralen Fläche 8 im Bereich der direkten Berührung der Fügeflächen 7,14 unmittelbar um die zentrale Öffnung 12 bzw. Durchführung 4, der sich mit zunehmender Reibzeit nach außen fortsetzt. Ein Teil des beim Schweißvorgang an der Grenzschicht zwischen den zu verschweißenden Teilen aufgeschmolzenen Werkstoffes fließt im Verlauf des Schweißvorganges, infolge des Anpreßdruckes und durch die verdrängende Wirkung der leicht kegeligen oder balligen Fügefläche 7 der Brennraumplatte 2 von innen nach außen ab und bildet dabei die Schweißwulst 16. Ein weiterer Teil des aufgeschmolzenen Materials kann auch durch bzw. in die zentrale Öffnung 12 bzw. Durchführung 4 abfließen. Dieser Aufschmelz- und Abfließvorgang des Materials wird solange fortgesetzt, bis die Fügeflächen 7,14 bis zu den Randzonen der zu verschweißenden Teile aufgeschmolzen sind. Durch die Aufheizung und Aufschmelzung von innen nach außen wird eine porenfreie Schweißverbindung 17 über die gesamte Fügefläche 7,14 erreicht, wobei das für den Schweißvorgang erforderliche Drehmoment im Verhältnis zur Größe der Fügeflächen 7,14 relativ gering ist. Der Schweißvorgang wird durch Beendigung der Drehbewegung und Zusammenpressen der zu verschweißenden Teile in bekannter Weise abgeschlossen.The prefabricated cylinder head housing 3 and the combustion chamber plate 2 are joined together in the manner according to the invention by friction welding, in that the circumferential combustion chamber plate 2 is set against the stationary cylinder head housing 3 by means of a friction welding device. As a result of the design of the joining surfaces 7, 14, the heating or melting process begins at the small, central surface 8 in the area of direct contact with the joining surfaces 7, 14 directly around the central opening 12 or bushing 4, which increases as the friction time increases continues outside. Part of the material melted during the welding process at the boundary layer between the parts to be welded flows in the course of the welding process, due to the contact pressure and the displacing effect of the slightly conical or spherical joining surface 7 of the combustion chamber plate 2, from the inside to the outside, thereby forming the weld bead 16 Another part of the melted material can also flow through or into the central opening 12 or passage 4. This melting and draining process of the material is continued until the joining surfaces 7, 14 have melted up to the edge zones of the parts to be welded. Due to the heating and melting from the inside to the outside, a pore-free weld connection 17 is achieved over the entire joint surface 7.14, the torque required for the welding process being relatively small in relation to the size of the joint surfaces 7.14. The welding process is completed in a known manner by terminating the rotary movement and pressing the parts to be welded together.

Der entsprechend Fig.3 dargestellte Zylinderkopf 1 mit der fertiggestellten Schweißverbindung 17 kann nun mittels geeigneter Bearbeitungsverfahren weiterbearbeitet werden. Dazu wird ausgehend vom Brennraum 15 die Verbindung zu den blind endenden Gaswechselkanälen 13 entsprechend Fig. 4 hergestellt und fertigbearbeitet, sowie die Ventilsitze bzw. die Aufnahme 18 für die Ventilsitzringe angearbeitet. Im weiteren werden der Überstand 19 der Brennraumplatte 2 mit den Nuten 5 und die Schweißwulst 16 abgearbeitet, der Brennraum 15 ausgeformt sowie die zentrale Öffnung 12 bzw. Durchführung 4 zur Aufnahme einer Zündkerze oder einer Einspritzdüse aufgebohrt und fertigbearbeitet.The cylinder head 1 shown in FIG. 3 with the completed weld joint 17 can now be further processed by means of suitable processing methods. For this purpose, starting from the combustion chamber 15, the connection to the blindly changing gas exchange channels 13 is established and finished in accordance with FIG. In addition, the projection 19 of the combustion chamber plate 2 with the grooves 5 and the weld bead 16 are machined, the combustion chamber 15 is shaped and the central opening 12 or bushing 4 is drilled out and finished for receiving a spark plug or an injection nozzle.

Claims (9)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zylinderkopfes einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem aus einem Aluminium-Werkstoff gegossenen Zylinderkopfgehäuse mit Gaswechselkanälen und mit einer in eine brennraumseitige Bodenwand des Zylinderkopfgehäuses eingefügten Brennraumplatte aus einem hochwarmfesten Werkstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennraumplatte (2) durch Reibschweißen mit der Bodenwand (11) des Zylinderkopfgehäuses (3) verbunden wird.1. A method for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with a cylinder head housing cast from an aluminum material with gas exchange channels and with a combustion chamber plate inserted into a combustion chamber-side bottom wall of the cylinder head housing made of a heat-resistant material, characterized in that the combustion chamber plate (2) by friction welding with the bottom wall (11) of the cylinder head housing (3) is connected. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zylinderkopfgehäuse (3) zunächst als Zylinderkopfrohling mit brennraumseitig an der Bodenwand (11) blind endenden Gaswechselkanälen (13) und die Brennraumplatte (2) mit einer geschlossenen Fügefläche (7) hergestellt werden und daß nach der Reibschweißverbindung von Brennraumplatte (2) und Bodenwand (11) die Verbindung vom Brennraum (15) zu den Gaswechselkanälen (13) hergestellt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder head housing (3) first as a cylinder head blank with combustion chamber side on the bottom wall (11) blind gas exchange channels (13) and the combustion chamber plate (2) with a closed joining surface (7) are made and that after the friction welding connection of the combustion chamber plate (2) and bottom wall (11), the connection from the combustion chamber (15) to the gas exchange channels (13) is established. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Reibschweißvorgang mit seiner Aufheiz- und Aufschmelzphase an einem relativ kleinen, zentralen Flächenabschnitt der Brennraumplatte (2) und einem entsprechend kleinen Flächenabschnitt der Bodenwand (11) des Zylinderkopfgehäuses (3) einsetzt und sich mit fortschreitender Aufschmelzung der Werkstoffe von Brennraumplatte (2) und Bodenwand (11) in Richtung des Umfanges der Brennraumplatte (2) fortsetzt.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the friction welding process with its heating and melting phase on a relatively small, central surface section of the combustion chamber plate (2) and a correspondingly small surface section of the bottom wall (11) of the cylinder head housing (3) and continues with the progressive melting of the materials of the combustion chamber plate (2) and bottom wall (11) in the direction of the circumference of the combustion chamber plate (2). 4. Zylinderkopf für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Zylinderkopfgehäuse aus einem Aluminium-Werkstoff und mit einer in die brennraumseitige Bodenwand des Zylinderkopfgehäuses eingefügten Brennraumplatte aus einem hochwarmfesten Werkstoff, der gemäß Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 hergestellt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennraumplatte (2) aus einem hochwarmfesten Aluminium-Werkstoff besteht.4. Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine with a cylinder head housing made of an aluminum material and with a combustion chamber plate made of a highly heat-resistant material, which is inserted into the combustion chamber-side bottom wall of the cylinder head housing, which is produced according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the combustion chamber plate (2) consists of a highly heat-resistant aluminum material. 5. Zylinderkopf nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennraumplatte (2) durch A1203-Fasern verstärkt ist.5. Cylinder head according to claim 4, characterized in that the combustion chamber plate (2) is reinforced by A1 2 0 3 fibers. 6. Zylinderkopf nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennraumplatte (2) brennraumseitig eine durch Al2O3-Fasern verstärkte Schicht (6) aufweist.6. Cylinder head according to claim 4, characterized in that the combustion chamber plate (2) on the combustion chamber side has a layer (6) reinforced by Al 2 O 3 fibers. 7. Zylinderkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennraumplatte (2) brennraumseitig Ausnehmungen, vorzugsweise Nuten (5) für den Eingriff der Werkstückaufnahme einer Reibschweißmaschine aufweist.7. Cylinder head according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the combustion chamber plate (2) has recesses on the combustion chamber side, preferably grooves (5) for the engagement of the workpiece holder of a friction welding machine. 8. Zylinderkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorgefertigten Konturen der Fügeflächen (7,14) an Brennraumplatte (2) und Bodenwand (11) derart ausgebildet sind, daß ausgehend von einem relativ kleinen, zentralen Flächenbereich als anfängliche Kontaktflächen von Brennraumplatte (2) und Bodenwand (11) ein sich in Richtung zum äußeren Umfang der Brennraumplatte (2) verbreiternder Spalt zwischen den Fügeflächen (7,14) gebildet ist.8. Cylinder head according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the prefabricated contours of the joining surfaces (7, 14) on the combustion chamber plate (2) and bottom wall (11) are designed such that starting from a relatively small, central surface area as the initial one Contact surfaces of the combustion chamber plate (2) and bottom wall (11) a gap widening in the direction of the outer periphery of the combustion chamber plate (2) is formed between the joining surfaces (7, 14). 9. Zylinderkopf nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fügefläche (7) der Brennraumplatte (2) aus einer zentralen Planfläche (8) besteht, die von einer Fläche (9) mit kegeliger oder balliger Gestalt umschlossen ist.9. Cylinder head according to claim 8, characterized in that the joining surface (7) of the combustion chamber plate (2) consists of a central plane surface (8) which is enclosed by a surface (9) with a conical or spherical shape.
EP92109251A 1991-07-26 1992-06-02 Process for constructing a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine and cylinder head Expired - Lifetime EP0525330B1 (en)

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DE4124811 1991-07-26
DE4124811A DE4124811C1 (en) 1991-07-26 1991-07-26

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EP0525330B1 (en) 1995-08-16
DE4124811C1 (en) 1992-08-06
ES2077922T3 (en) 1995-12-01

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