EP0525142B1 - Spacing or lifting device - Google Patents
Spacing or lifting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0525142B1 EP0525142B1 EP92903658A EP92903658A EP0525142B1 EP 0525142 B1 EP0525142 B1 EP 0525142B1 EP 92903658 A EP92903658 A EP 92903658A EP 92903658 A EP92903658 A EP 92903658A EP 0525142 B1 EP0525142 B1 EP 0525142B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wedge
- sheets
- corner
- shaped
- contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F19/00—Hoisting, lifting, hauling or pushing, not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a spacing device and more particularly a lifting device making it possible to spread or lift parts and particularly when they have a very small space between the bearing faces.
- the following description of the invention relates to the case of its application for lifting parts; this is only a special case, the use of the device also being valid link, the use of the device also being valid for enlarging the distance between two neighboring elements.
- the present invention consists of a device capable of both lifting heavy parts and usable even when the space between the bearing surfaces - the ground, for example, and the part to be lifted is small.
- the operating principle of the device of the invention lies in driving a wedge between the two bearing surfaces, penetration being facilitated by the presence of two sliding surfaces.
- Figure 1 is an elevational view of the device in its starting position, that is to say when it will be used to lift a part;
- Figure 2 is a cross section of the device;
- Figure 3 is an elevational view of the device when the elevation height of the part to be lifted is reached;
- Figure 4 is a plan view.
- the cylinder (4) and the sheets (2) and (3) are connected by means of connecting rods (7) and (8) which prevent the movement of the sheets under the thrust of the jack and also allow the spacing or the approximation of said sheets relative to each other by rotation about the articulation pivots (9) (9 '), (10) and (10').
- the two sheets (2) and (3) are kept in permanent contact with the corner (1), even in a situation of non-activity of the device, by means of elements such as springs stretched between the articulation pivots (10) and (11) and (10 ') and (11').
- FIG. 2 which shows a cross section of the device at the location of the articulation pivots (10) and (11); we can clearly see the corner (1) and the U-shaped sheets (2) and (3); the flat inner faces of said sheets are in contact with the inclined flat faces of the corner.
- Articulation pivots are fixed to the wings of the sheets (10), (10 ') (11) and (11') to allow the rotation of the connecting rods, (7), (7 ') and (8), (8' ) in the case shown.
- Figure 3 shows, in elevation, the device of the invention when the jack (4) has inserted the corner (1) into the space - now the height e2 - between the ground and the part to be lifted; we note that the beak (15) of the corner is out of its housing between the two sheets, that the sheet (2) which is not in contact with the ground has moved away from the sheet (3) without contact between the sliding surfaces of the corner and the sheets has been broken, thanks to the play of the connecting rod (7) which allowed the upward movements of the sheet (2).
- Figure 4 which shows in plan the device of the invention in the situation after lifting corresponding to Figure 3 (corner beak out), there are again the beak (15) of the corner, the sheet (2) connected to the cylinder (4) by the connecting rods (7) and (7 '). Said connecting rods being able to undergo rotation around the articulation pivots (10) and (10 ') on the one hand, (9) and (9') on the other hand.
- the angle and length of the corner can be determined depending on the application.
- the lifting force can reach 12 tons, but the invention also makes it possible to use other more powerful cylinders or double-acting cylinders.
- the advancement of the corner can also be done mechanically with a screw. Between the pivots which hold the support plates to the connecting rods, the 2 sheets can be kept in contact with the corner by springs fixed to the screws, but any other form of support can be provided, such as, for example, rubber rings.
- the outside faces of the support plates can be ribbed or grooved to increase adhesion with the ground or the part to be lifted.
- the spacing device and more particularly the lifting device, object of the present invention is thus essentially characterized in that it comprises an inner part in the form of a corner, the two inclined faces of said corner being each covered by a U-shaped sheet, the inner face is in contact with the corresponding inclined face of the corner that it covers, a pushing system of the corner between the two sheets towards elements to be separated or the part to be lifted and means for connecting the sheets to the pushing system of the corner, comprising pivots of articulation of the sheet around an axis parallel to the plane of the inclined faces of the corner.
- the device also comprises elastic means for holding the U-shaped sheets in contact with the inclined faces of the corner.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif d'écartement et plus spécialement de levage permettant d'écarter ou de soulever des pièces et particulièrement lorsqu'elles présentent un espace très réduit entre les faces d'appui.The subject of the present invention is a spacing device and more particularly a lifting device making it possible to spread or lift parts and particularly when they have a very small space between the bearing faces.
A côté des leviers traditionnels utilisés pour écarter des éléments ou pour soulever des pièces, on connait des écarteurs comportant des mâchoires articulées par un vérin; étant donné l'épaisseur que ces machoires doivent avoir pour résister à des efforts importants ces écarteurs ne sont utilisables que s'il existe un espace suffisant entre les deux faces d'appui. Vu leur conception, ils ne permettent de soulever que de faibles charges à l'extrémité des machoires (US-A-2 497 836).Besides the traditional levers used to spread elements or to lift parts, there are known spacers comprising jaws articulated by a jack; given the thickness that these jaws must have to withstand significant forces, these spacers can only be used if there is sufficient space between the two bearing faces. Due to their design, they only allow to lift small loads at the end of the jaws (US-A-2,497,836).
La description qui va suivre de l'invention se rapporte au cas de son application pour soulever des pièces; il ne s'agit là que d'un cas particulier, l'usage du dispositif étant aussi valable lier, l'usage du dispositif étant aussi valable pour agrandir la distance entre deux éléments voisins.The following description of the invention relates to the case of its application for lifting parts; this is only a special case, the use of the device also being valid link, the use of the device also being valid for enlarging the distance between two neighboring elements.
La présente invention est constituée par un dispositif capable à la fois de soulever des pièces lourdes et utilisable même lorsque l'espace entre les surfaces d'appui - le sol, par exemple, et la pièce à soulever est faible.The present invention consists of a device capable of both lifting heavy parts and usable even when the space between the bearing surfaces - the ground, for example, and the part to be lifted is small.
Le principe de fonctionnement du dispositif de l'invention réside dans l'enfoncement d'un coin entre les deux surfaces d'appui, la pénétration étant facilitée par la présence de deux surfaces de glissement.The operating principle of the device of the invention lies in driving a wedge between the two bearing surfaces, penetration being facilitated by the presence of two sliding surfaces.
Les figures ci-après, données à titre purement indicatif et sans que les éléments soient à l'échelle, représentent le dispositif de l'invention et permettent une compréhension aisée de la réalisation et du fonctionnement.The figures below, given for information only and without the elements being to scale, represent the device of the invention and allow an easy understanding of the construction and the operation.
La figure 1 est une vue en élévation du dispositif dans sa position de départ, c'est-à-dire au moment où il va être utilisé pour soulever une pièce; le figure 2 est une coupe transversale du dispositif; là figure 3 est une vue en élévation du dispositif lorsque la hauteur d'élévation de la pièce à soulever est atteinte; la figure 4 est une vue en plan.Figure 1 is an elevational view of the device in its starting position, that is to say when it will be used to lift a part; Figure 2 is a cross section of the device; there Figure 3 is an elevational view of the device when the elevation height of the part to be lifted is reached; Figure 4 is a plan view.
Sur toutes les figures, les mêmes éléments sont signalés par les mêmes repères.In all the figures, the same elements are indicated by the same references.
Sur la figure 1, on distingue en (1) le coin qui constitue l'élément central du dispositif; de part et d'autre du coin, en contact avec ses pièces planes inclinées sont disposées deux tôles en U (2) et (3) dont les faces intérieures, planes elles aussi, servent de surfaces de glissement au coin; un moyen de poussée (4) du coin par exemple un vérin hydraulique, est disposé à l'arrière du coin pour assurer la pénétration de celui-ci dans l'espace situé entre le sol(5) et la pièce à soulever (6), espace dont la hauteur (e1) de départ est faible. Le vérin (4) et les tôles (2) et (3) sont reliés par l'intermédiaire de bielles (7) et (8) qui empêchent le déplacement des tôles sous la poussée du vérin et permettent d'autre part l'écartement ou le rapprochement desdites tôles l'une par rapport à l'autre par rotation autour des pivots d'articulation (9) (9'), (10) et (10').In Figure 1, we distinguish in (1) the corner which constitutes the central element of the system; on either side of the corner, in contact with its inclined flat parts, are arranged two U-shaped sheets (2) and (3) whose inner faces, also flat, serve as sliding surfaces at the corner; a pushing means (4) of the corner, for example a hydraulic cylinder, is arranged at the rear of the corner to ensure the penetration of the latter into the space between the ground (5) and the part to be lifted (6) , space whose starting height (e1) is low. The cylinder (4) and the sheets (2) and (3) are connected by means of connecting rods (7) and (8) which prevent the movement of the sheets under the thrust of the jack and also allow the spacing or the approximation of said sheets relative to each other by rotation about the articulation pivots (9) (9 '), (10) and (10').
Les deux tôles (2) et (3) sont maintenues en contact permanent avec le coin (1), même en situation de non-activité du dispositif, par l'intermédiaire d'éléments tels que des ressorts tendus entre les pivots d'articulation (10) et (11) et (10') et (11').The two sheets (2) and (3) are kept in permanent contact with the corner (1), even in a situation of non-activity of the device, by means of elements such as springs stretched between the articulation pivots (10) and (11) and (10 ') and (11').
La figure 2 qui représente une coupe transversale du dispositif à l'endroit des pivots d'articulation (10) et (11); on y distingue nettement le coin (1) et les tôles en U (2) et (3); les faces intérieures planes desdites tôles sont en contact avec les faces planes inclinées du coin. Des pivots d'articulation sont fixés aux ailes des tôles (10), (10') (11) et (11') pour permettre la rotation des bielles , (7), (7') et (8), (8') dans le cas représenté.Figure 2 which shows a cross section of the device at the location of the articulation pivots (10) and (11); we can clearly see the corner (1) and the U-shaped sheets (2) and (3); the flat inner faces of said sheets are in contact with the inclined flat faces of the corner. Articulation pivots are fixed to the wings of the sheets (10), (10 ') (11) and (11') to allow the rotation of the connecting rods, (7), (7 ') and (8), (8' ) in the case shown.
La figure 3 représente, en élévation, le dispositif de l'invention lorsque le vérin (4) a enfoncé le coin (1) dans l'espace - maintenant la hauteur e2 - entre le sol et la pièce à soulever; on constate que le bec (15) du coin est sorti de son logement entre les deux tôles, que la tôle (2) qui n' est pas en contact avec le sol s'est écartée de la tôle (3) sans que le contact entre les surfaces de glissement du coin et des tôles ait été rompu, grâce au jeu de la bielle (7) qui a permis les mouvements vers le haut de la tôle (2).Figure 3 shows, in elevation, the device of the invention when the jack (4) has inserted the corner (1) into the space - now the height e2 - between the ground and the part to be lifted; we note that the beak (15) of the corner is out of its housing between the two sheets, that the sheet (2) which is not in contact with the ground has moved away from the sheet (3) without contact between the sliding surfaces of the corner and the sheets has been broken, thanks to the play of the connecting rod (7) which allowed the upward movements of the sheet (2).
Sur la figure 4 qui représente en plan le dispositif de l'invention dans la situation après levage correspondant à la figure 3 (bec coin sorti), on distingue à nouveau le bec (15) du coin, la tôle (2) reliée au vérin (4) par les bielles (7) et (7'). Lesdites bielles pouvant subir une rotation autour des pivots d'articulation (10) et (10') d'une part, (9) et (9') d'autre part.In Figure 4 which shows in plan the device of the invention in the situation after lifting corresponding to Figure 3 (corner beak out), there are again the beak (15) of the corner, the sheet (2) connected to the cylinder (4) by the connecting rods (7) and (7 '). Said connecting rods being able to undergo rotation around the articulation pivots (10) and (10 ') on the one hand, (9) and (9') on the other hand.
La description de l'invention illustrée par les figures ci-dessus permet de comprendre aisément le fonctionnement du dispositif.The description of the invention illustrated by the above figures makes it easy to understand the operation of the device.
Sous la pression d'un vérin hydraulique, par exemple d'une puissance de 5 tonnes vérin simple effet avec ressort de rappel, actionné par une pompe hydraulique manuelle ou autre, le coin se deplace en écartant les deux tôles retenues par les bielles et s'introduit dans l'espace réduit permettant le levage de l'appareil. Les deux tôles permettent l'élévation très précise de la pièce tout en évitant son déplacement latéral. Pour abaisser la pièce, il suffit de relâcher la pression du vérin : le coin se retire sous l'effet du ressort de rappel et les deux tôles se rapprochent.Under the pressure of a hydraulic cylinder, for example with a power of 5 tonnes single-acting cylinder with return spring, actuated by a manual or other hydraulic pump, the wedge moves away from the two sheets retained by the connecting rods and s 'introduced into the reduced space allowing the lifting of the device. The two sheets allow the very precise elevation of the part while avoiding its lateral displacement. To lower the part, it is enough to release the pressure of the jack: the corner is withdrawn under the effect of the spring of reminder and the two sheets come together.
L'angle et la longueur du coin peuvent être déterminés en fonction de l'application.The angle and length of the corner can be determined depending on the application.
Avec un simple vérin de 5 tonnes, la force de levage peut atteindre 12 tonnes mais l'invention permet également d'utiliser d'autres vérins plus puissants ou des vérins double effet.With a simple 5-ton cylinder, the lifting force can reach 12 tons, but the invention also makes it possible to use other more powerful cylinders or double-acting cylinders.
L'avancement du coin peut aussi se faire mécaniquement avec une vis. Entre les pivots qui maintiennent les tôles d'appui aux bielles, les 2 tôles peuvent être maintenues en contact avec le coin par des ressorts fixés aux vis mais on peut cependant prévoir toute autre forme de maintien comme, par exemple des anneaux en caoutchouc.The advancement of the corner can also be done mechanically with a screw. Between the pivots which hold the support plates to the connecting rods, the 2 sheets can be kept in contact with the corner by springs fixed to the screws, but any other form of support can be provided, such as, for example, rubber rings.
Les faces extérieures des tôles d'appui peuvent être striées ou rainurées pour en augmenter l'adhérence avec le sol ou la pièce à soulever.The outside faces of the support plates can be ribbed or grooved to increase adhesion with the ground or the part to be lifted.
Grâce à la description qui vient d'être faite du dispositif de l'invention, on peut maintenant en dégager plus aisément les caractéristiques.Thanks to the description which has just been made of the device of the invention, we can now more easily identify its characteristics.
Le dispositif d'écartement et plus particulièrement de levage, objet de la présente invention, est ainsi caractérisé essentiellement en ce qu'il comporte une pièce intérieure en forme de coin, les deux faces inclinées dudit coin étant recouverte chacune par une tôle en U dont la face intérieure est en contact avec la face inclinée correspondante du coin qu'elle recouvre, un système de poussée du coin entre les deux tôles en direction des éléments à écarter ou de la pièce à soulever et des moyens de liaison des tôles au système de poussée du coin, comportant des pivots d' articulation de la tôle autour d'un axe parallèle au plan des faces inclinées du coin. Suivant une réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, le dispositif comporte également des moyens élastiques de maintien des tôles en U en contact avec les faces inclinées du coin.The spacing device and more particularly the lifting device, object of the present invention, is thus essentially characterized in that it comprises an inner part in the form of a corner, the two inclined faces of said corner being each covered by a U-shaped sheet, the inner face is in contact with the corresponding inclined face of the corner that it covers, a pushing system of the corner between the two sheets towards elements to be separated or the part to be lifted and means for connecting the sheets to the pushing system of the corner, comprising pivots of articulation of the sheet around an axis parallel to the plane of the inclined faces of the corner. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the device also comprises elastic means for holding the U-shaped sheets in contact with the inclined faces of the corner.
Selon une modalité préférentielle de l'invention, le système de poussée du coin est constitué par un vérin hydraulique; également suivant l'invention, les moyens de liaison du système de poussée du coin aux tôles en U sont constitués par des bielles. Toujours suivant l'invention les moyens élastiques de maintien des tôles en U en contact avec les faces inclinées du coin sont constitués par des ressorts, de préférence fixés aux pivots d'articulation des tôles.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wedge thrust system is constituted by a hydraulic cylinder; also according to the invention, the means for connecting the thrust system from the corner to the U-shaped sheets consist of connecting rods. Still according to the invention, the elastic means for holding the U-shaped sheets in contact with the inclined faces of the corner consist of springs, preferably fixed to the articulation pivots of the sheets.
Dans une variante intéressante du dispositif, les pivots d'articulation de la tôle supérieure peuvent être fixés soit dans les ailes de la tôle, soit dans un logement solidaire et situé au dessus de cette tôle.
Dans cette dernière disposition on assure un déplacement vertical de la tôle supérieure et donc de la charge.
Les tôles en U peuvent avantageusement être prolongées par des tronçons plans en forme de becs, assurant la protection du coin lors de son déplacement.In an interesting variant of the device, the articulation pivots of the upper sheet can be fixed either in the wings of the sheet, or in an integral housing and located above this sheet.
In this latter arrangement, a vertical displacement of the upper sheet and therefore of the load is ensured.
The U-shaped sheets can advantageously be extended by flat sections in the form of spouts, ensuring the protection of the corner during its movement.
Claims (6)
- Device for separating and more particularly for lifting, comprising:- a lower wedge-shaped piece (1), the two sloped faces of the said wedge being covered each by a U-shaped sheet (2, 3), the inner face of which is in contact with the corresponding sloped face of the wedge that it covers,- a pushing system (4) for driving the wedge between the two sheets in the direction of the elements to be separated or of the work-piece to be lifted,- linking means (7, 8) for connecting the sheets to the pushing system of the wedge, comprising articulation pivots for the sheet around an axis which is parallel to the plan of the sloped faces of the wedge.
- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the articulation pivots for the sheet around an axis which is parallel to the plan of the sloped faces of the wedge are secured in a housing integral with the plate located above the said sheet.
- Device according to any of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the pushing system for the wedge is constituted by a hydraulic jack.
- Device according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the U-shaped sheets are extended by tip-shaped plane sections providing protection for the wedge during its shifting.
- Device according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the linking means for connecting the pushing system for the wedge to the U-shaped sheets are constituted by connecting rods.
- Device according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in it comprises elastic means for maintaining the U-shaped sheets in contact with the sloped faces of the wedge, preferably by fastening them to the articulation pivots of the sheets.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE9100143A BE1005571A3 (en) | 1991-02-14 | 1991-02-14 | Device for lifting or gap. |
| BE9100143 | 1991-02-14 | ||
| PCT/BE1992/000003 WO1992014674A1 (en) | 1991-02-14 | 1992-02-11 | Spacing or lifting device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0525142A1 EP0525142A1 (en) | 1993-02-03 |
| EP0525142B1 true EP0525142B1 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
Family
ID=3885339
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92903658A Expired - Lifetime EP0525142B1 (en) | 1991-02-14 | 1992-02-11 | Spacing or lifting device |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5374033A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0525142B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE126176T1 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE1005571A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69203991T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2078031T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992014674A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10084378B4 (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2009-07-09 | B.V. Holmatro Industrial Equipment | Device for separating molded parts |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2328671B (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1999-06-09 | Future Alignments Limited | A separating device |
| ES2162704T3 (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2002-01-01 | Future Alignments Ltd | SEPARATION DEVICE. |
| GB0005121D0 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2000-04-26 | Future Alignments Limited | Separating device |
| US6354569B1 (en) * | 2001-01-03 | 2002-03-12 | Michael C. Gioia | Cribbing apparatus for stabilizing a post-accident vehicle |
| US7627074B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2009-12-01 | General Electric Company | Vertical spring wedge |
| WO2010045351A2 (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2010-04-22 | Sam Montross | Apparatus and method for lifting a mattress |
| NO334260B1 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-20 | Trackson As | Multitul |
| GB2513316B (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2021-01-20 | Actuant Operations Uk Ltd | Wedge mechanism |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2447401A (en) * | 1945-03-02 | 1948-08-17 | Porter Inc H K | Spreading tool for reshaping deformed automobile bodies |
| US2497836A (en) * | 1946-06-12 | 1950-02-14 | Roy G Miller | Body jack |
| US2657904A (en) * | 1949-08-25 | 1953-11-03 | Evenson Christopher Brady | Hydraulic wedge |
| FR2129211A5 (en) * | 1971-03-12 | 1972-10-27 | Gallego Joseph | |
| US3738603A (en) * | 1971-08-04 | 1973-06-12 | A Arnett | Joist supporting device |
| FR2152427B3 (en) * | 1971-09-14 | 1974-05-10 | Micro Controle | |
| DE2361884A1 (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-06-19 | Kampschulte & Co J | Rescue equipment for prising open crushed car bodies - consists of jaws operated by hydraulic cylinder about centre linkages |
| FR2452988A1 (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1980-10-31 | Fonderie Meca Ste Bretonne | HYDRAULIC CORNER DEMASSELOTTING DEVICE |
| US4392263A (en) * | 1981-02-02 | 1983-07-12 | Amoroso Michael J | Portable rescue tool |
| US4869465A (en) * | 1986-06-24 | 1989-09-26 | Mordechai Yirmiyahu | Power-operated spreader tool |
-
1991
- 1991-02-14 BE BE9100143A patent/BE1005571A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-02-11 US US07/958,360 patent/US5374033A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-11 AT AT92903658T patent/ATE126176T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-02-11 WO PCT/BE1992/000003 patent/WO1992014674A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-02-11 ES ES92903658T patent/ES2078031T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-11 DE DE69203991T patent/DE69203991T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-11 EP EP92903658A patent/EP0525142B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10084378B4 (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2009-07-09 | B.V. Holmatro Industrial Equipment | Device for separating molded parts |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69203991T2 (en) | 1996-04-25 |
| US5374033A (en) | 1994-12-20 |
| BE1005571A3 (en) | 1993-11-09 |
| DE69203991D1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
| ATE126176T1 (en) | 1995-08-15 |
| ES2078031T3 (en) | 1995-12-01 |
| WO1992014674A1 (en) | 1992-09-03 |
| EP0525142A1 (en) | 1993-02-03 |
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