EP0524000A1 - Coupleur micro-ondes multi-ports - Google Patents

Coupleur micro-ondes multi-ports Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0524000A1
EP0524000A1 EP92306540A EP92306540A EP0524000A1 EP 0524000 A1 EP0524000 A1 EP 0524000A1 EP 92306540 A EP92306540 A EP 92306540A EP 92306540 A EP92306540 A EP 92306540A EP 0524000 A1 EP0524000 A1 EP 0524000A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hybrid couplers
couplers
sets
row
hybrid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92306540A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wieslaw Jan Tondryk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Matra Marconi Space UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Matra Marconi Space UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matra Marconi Space UK Ltd filed Critical Matra Marconi Space UK Ltd
Publication of EP0524000A1 publication Critical patent/EP0524000A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a multi-port microwave coupler particularly, but not exclusively, to be used as a part of a beam-forming network for a multi-beam antenna carried by a satellite.
  • Such multi-port microwave couplers are well-known in the art of microwave frequency transmission and typically comprise a hybrid coupler having four ports, that is two input ports and two output ports.
  • Such hybrid couplers are commonly referred to as 2 x 2 hybrid couplers and have the following characteristics:-
  • n x n coupler there is a requirement for higher-order couplers in certain applications, for example in beam-forming networks for multi-beam antennas.
  • Such higher-order couplers have equal numbers of input ports and output ports, and a coupler with 2n ports is commonly referred to as an n x n coupler.
  • the hybrid order n is a power of 2
  • such higher-order couplers can be synthesised from combinations of 2 x 2 hybrid couplers interconnected by transmission lines.
  • the transmission lines interconnecting the 2 x 2 hybrid couplers essentially cross one another.
  • the hybrid order n is the second power of 2 and only four 2 x 2 hybrid couplers are necessary to provide a 4 x 4 coupler. This arrangement only incurs one cross-over between the transmission lines and it is known to rearrange the positions of the four 2 x 2 hybrid couplers to avoid this single "cross-over".
  • p 1 an 8 x 8 coupler can be achieved
  • Existing 8 x 8 couplers involve many cross-overs with the result that the transmission lines become a complex multi-layer structure.
  • Such cross-over in the transmission lines may be implemented in various ways.
  • the 2 x 2 hybrid couplers can be fitted with connectors and external semi-rigid cables can be used for the transmission lines.
  • microstrip realisations bridges of wire, foil or cable can be used.
  • square-ax realisations bridging devices can be used.
  • waveguide realisations combinations of waveguide bends can be used.
  • multi-layer microstrip or stripline devices could be desired.
  • It is an object of the present invention to reduce the number of cross-overs in multi-port microwave couplers where n 2 (2+p) and p is a whole number.
  • p would of course be 1 thereby providing 8 input ports and 8 output ports, and wherein there would be only 3 sets of the 2 x 2 hybrid couplers whereby the outputs of the third set define said output ports, and said second group of transmission lines do not cross each other.
  • the first and second groups of transmission lines lie in the same plane.
  • one of said sets of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers are arranged substantially in a row, one half of another of said sets of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers are arranged to one side of said row and the other half of said another set are arranged to the other side of said row, and the first group of transmission lines lie in the same plane.
  • the first set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers may be arranged substantially in a row, one half of the second set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers being arranged to one side of said row, the other half of the second set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers being arranged to the other side of said row, and the first group of transmission lines lying in the same plane.
  • the four 2 X 2 hybrid couplers of the first set are preferably arranged in the sequence, first, second, fourth and third.
  • the second group of transmission lines preferably connect one half of third set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers to said one half of the second set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers and the other half of the third set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers to said other half of the second set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers, and the second group of transmission lines lying in the said plane.
  • the second set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers may be arranged substantially in a row, one half of each of the first and second sets of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers being arranged to one side of said row, the other half of each of the first and second sets of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers being arranged to the other side of said row, and the first group of transmission line lying the same plane.
  • the four 2 X 2 hybrid couplers of the second set are preferably arranged in the sequence, first, second, fourth and third.
  • the invention also extends to a beam-forming network for a multi-beam antenna incorporating such multi-port microwave coupler.
  • a 2 x 2 3db hybrid coupler A is shown in each of its two operative modes.
  • a microwave signal applied to input port 1 produces amplitude equal signals in phase quadrature at both of the output ports 3 and 4, but with no power appearing at the other input port 2.
  • equal microwave signals applied to the input ports 1 and 2 but with a 90° phase separation, causes the resultant signals to cancel each other out at output port 3, whilst the signals combine at output port 4.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a known manner of reorganising the hybrid couplers A, B, E and F of Figure 2 so that their transmission lines 5, 6, 7 and 8 do not cross-over each other. This enables the transmission lines 5, 6, 7 and 8 to be arranged in the same plane and gives a truly planar implementation of a 4 x 4 hybrid coupler.
  • This planar realisation has the following advantages:-
  • an 8 x 8 microwave coupler is formed from twelve 2 x 2 hybrid couplers which are arranged in three sets of four, the first set A, B, C and D defining the eight input ports In 1, In 2, In 3, In 4, In 5, In 6, In 7 and In 8 and the third set I, J, K and L defining the eight output ports Out 1, Out 2, Out 3, Out 4, Out 5, Out 6, Out 7 and Out 8.
  • This 8 x 8 microwave coupler is known as a Butler matrix and it will be noted from Figure 4 that there are two cross-overs in the first group of transmission lines 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 between the first set A, B, C and D the second set E, F, G and H, and six cross-overs in the second group of transmission lines 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 between the second set E, F, G and H and the third set I, J, K, and L, thereby incurring a total of eight cross-overs.
  • the portion of the matrix provided by the couplers A, B, E and F is the same as shown in Figure 2 and is also the same as the arrangement of the 2 X 2 hybrid couplers C, D, G and H. It might be considered that two of the cross-overs in the 8 X 8 multi-port coupler of Figure 4 could be avoided by reorganising the 2 X 2 hybrid couplers A, B, E and F as is know from the arrangement of Figure 3, and similarly by reorganising the 2 X 2 hybrid couplers C, D, G and H.
  • Figures 5 and 6 illustrate alternative reorganisations of the 8 X 8 multi-port coupler of Figure 4 to eliminate all cross-overs. As the components and connections are identical to Figure 4, the same reference letters and numerals have been used to indicate equivalent components.
  • first set A, B, C and D are arranged in line but in the sequence A, B, D and C - that is the first, second, fourth and third hybrid couplers of the first set.
  • one half of the second set of hybrid couplers, F and H is arranged to one side of the first set A, B, D and C whereas the other half of the second set of hybrid couplers E, G is arranged on the other side, the first and second sets being connected by the first group of transmission lines 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 as before.
  • transmission lines 21, 22, 25 and 26 of the second group connect one half of the third set of hybrid couplers, J and I, to the hybrid couplers E, G of the second set lying to one side of the line of couplers A, B, D and C.
  • coupling lines 23, 24, 27 and 28 of the second group connect the hybrid couplers K and L of the third set to hybrid couplers F and H of the second set lying on the opposite side of the line of hybrid couplers A, B, D and C. In this manner all of the transmission lines are arranged to achieve the same connections as indicated in Figure 4, but without incurring any cross-overs.
  • Figure 5 therefore teaches one way of synthesising an 8 X 8 multi-port microwave coupler from 2 X 2 hybrid couplers without any cross-over connections, thereby enabling all of the first and second groups of transmission lines to lie in one plane to give a planar realisation with all the attendant advantages already listed above in relation to the planar realisation of the 4 X 4 multi-port coupler of Figure 3.
  • the first set of hybrid couplers A, B, D and C in line as shown in Figure 5, it is not essential to do so provided they are arranged substantially in a row extending between the second set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers with the hybrid couplers E and G on one side of the row and the hybrid couplers F and H on the other side.
  • the input ports In 1, In 2, In 3 and In 4 could be rotated into the centre of the group A, F, B and E so that the first four input ports are located close to each other.
  • the input ports In 5, In 6, In 7 and In 8 could be rotated into the centre group D, H, C and G.
  • the outlet ports Out 1 and Out 2 could be rotated upwards to localise the first four output ports Out 1, Out 2, Out 3 and Out 4 between the hybrid couplers J and I, and similarly the output ports Out 5 and Out 6 could be rotated downwards to locate the remaining output ports Out 5, Out 6, Out 7 and Out 8 between the hybrid couplers K and L.
  • the second set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers E, F, G and H are arranged in line but in the sequence E, F, H and G - that is the first, second, fourth and third couplers in the second sequence.
  • Half of the first set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers A and C and one half of the third set of 2 X 2 hybrid couplers K and I are arranged to one side of the line of couplers E, F, H and G whilst the other half of the first and third sets, B, D, L and J are arranged to the other side of the line of couplers E, F, H and G.
  • first and second groups of transmission lines are also positioned so that there are no cross-overs and again a planar realisation of the 8 X 8 multi-port microwave coupler is achieved.
  • the inlet and outlet ports may be moved so that they are grouped together in sets of four.
  • the input ports and output ports in both Figures 5 and 6 can be rotated to form groups of four and this opens the possibility of arranging higher-order multi-port microwave couplers as a series of circuits (such as Figure 5 or Figure 6) with the eight outputs of one circuit being connected to the eight inputs of the next circuit.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
EP92306540A 1991-07-18 1992-07-16 Coupleur micro-ondes multi-ports Withdrawn EP0524000A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9115581A GB2257842A (en) 1991-07-18 1991-07-18 Multi-port microwave coupler
GB9115581 1991-07-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0524000A1 true EP0524000A1 (fr) 1993-01-20

Family

ID=10698602

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92306540A Withdrawn EP0524000A1 (fr) 1991-07-18 1992-07-16 Coupleur micro-ondes multi-ports

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0524000A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06216612A (fr)
CA (1) CA2073793A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2257842A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU658091B2 (en) * 1993-04-09 1995-03-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Monopulse array system with air-stripline multi-port network
WO2016126619A1 (fr) * 2015-02-04 2016-08-11 Tyco Electronics Corporation Coupleur hybride à 180 degrés et réseau d'alimentation d'antenne à double polarisation linéaire

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101404225B1 (ko) * 2010-11-08 2014-06-05 한국전자통신연구원 버틀러 매트릭스 및 이를 구비한 다중단자 증폭기
CN104577288B (zh) * 2013-10-21 2017-09-26 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 三路合路功分器

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0416498A1 (fr) * 1989-09-08 1991-03-13 Alcatel Espace Structure multi-niveaux de coupleur généralisé
FR2651939A1 (fr) * 1989-09-08 1991-03-15 Alcatel Espace Structure de coupleur generalise.

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3444475A (en) * 1967-04-19 1969-05-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Broadband hybrid-coupled circuit
GB8707260D0 (en) * 1987-03-26 1987-04-29 British Aerospace R f signal distribution
GB2233831B (en) * 1989-07-15 1994-03-23 British Aerospace Shared power amplifiers
GB2237693B (en) * 1989-11-02 1994-03-16 British Aerospace Waveguide coupling networks

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0416498A1 (fr) * 1989-09-08 1991-03-13 Alcatel Espace Structure multi-niveaux de coupleur généralisé
FR2651939A1 (fr) * 1989-09-08 1991-03-15 Alcatel Espace Structure de coupleur generalise.

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEE PROCEEDINGS-H vol. 137, no. 5, October 1990, STEVENAGE, GB pages 293 - 303 , XP161609 HALL, P.S. ET AL. 'Review of radio frequency beamforming techniques for scanned and multiple beam antennas.' *
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1973 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, September 1973, BRUXELLES, BE; ARTICLE A.14.3. WALLINGTON, J.R. 'Analysis, Design and Performance of a Microstrip Butler Matrix.' *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU658091B2 (en) * 1993-04-09 1995-03-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Monopulse array system with air-stripline multi-port network
WO2016126619A1 (fr) * 2015-02-04 2016-08-11 Tyco Electronics Corporation Coupleur hybride à 180 degrés et réseau d'alimentation d'antenne à double polarisation linéaire
US9502746B2 (en) 2015-02-04 2016-11-22 Tyco Electronics Corporation 180 degree hybrid coupler and dual-linearly polarized antenna feed network

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2257842A (en) 1993-01-20
GB9115581D0 (en) 1991-09-04
JPH06216612A (ja) 1994-08-05
CA2073793A1 (fr) 1993-01-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5280292A (en) Multi-port microwave coupler utilized in a beam forming network
US8941448B2 (en) M-way coupler
Ding et al. 2-D Butler matrix and phase-shifter group
AU658091B2 (en) Monopulse array system with air-stripline multi-port network
US7973617B2 (en) Unequal three-way divider for in-phase signal division
US5812088A (en) Beam forming network for radiofrequency antennas
EP0163997A2 (fr) Circuit d'alimentation d'antennes
US8723618B2 (en) Power combiner/distributor and transmitter using the power combiner/distributor
US5373299A (en) Low-profile wideband mode forming network
US4356461A (en) Practical implementation of large Butler matrices
US4543545A (en) Microwave radio frequency power divider/combiner
US8081045B1 (en) Beamformer power divider/combiner with transmission lines distributed between MMIC and associated PC board
EP0524000A1 (fr) Coupleur micro-ondes multi-ports
JP6419944B2 (ja) ウィルキンソン合成器及びウィルキンソン分配器
US6118353A (en) Microwave power divider/combiner having compact structure and flat coupling
US4254385A (en) Two-dimensional (planar) TDMA/broadcast microwave switch matrix for switched satellite application
KR100362877B1 (ko) 3단 체비셰프 매칭변환기를 이용한 전력분배기/합성기
US5105170A (en) Waveguide coupling networks
EP2689491B1 (fr) Moyen d'orientation de signaux permettant de diviser un signal d'entrée en au moins deux signaux de sortie ou de combiner au moins deux signaux d'entrée en un signal de sortie
US5883552A (en) Microwave power divider/combiner structures
CN111952726B (zh) 多波束相控阵芯片、接收机模块以及发射机模块
US4797643A (en) Coaxial hybrid coupler and crossing element
US7570132B1 (en) Switch matrix
US2883627A (en) Transmission line network
JPH04902A (ja) 可変電力分配回路

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19930721