EP0523062A1 - Sheathed-element glow plug for internal combustion engines. - Google Patents
Sheathed-element glow plug for internal combustion engines.Info
- Publication number
- EP0523062A1 EP0523062A1 EP91904691A EP91904691A EP0523062A1 EP 0523062 A1 EP0523062 A1 EP 0523062A1 EP 91904691 A EP91904691 A EP 91904691A EP 91904691 A EP91904691 A EP 91904691A EP 0523062 A1 EP0523062 A1 EP 0523062A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resistance
- glow plug
- combustion chamber
- cobalt
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a glow plug for arrangement in the combustion chamber of air-compressing internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a glow plug which in principle has the same structure and the same function as the glow plug according to the above-mentioned DE-PS 28 02 625, but for the control element a cobalt-iron alloy or a nickel Iron alloy used, the iron content of which is 20 to 35 percent by weight.
- These two alloys mentioned above have a body-centered cubic structure at room temperature, whereas when heated in the range between room temperature and 1000 ° C they change into a face-centered cubic structure. It has been shown that these latter glow plugs have only a relatively short service life due to the disruption of the control element material, lead to undesirable malfunctions and, moreover, cause costs for eliminating the malfunction.
- control element of the resistance element consists of a cobalt-iron alloy, the iron content of which is 12 to 14 percent by weight.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the region of a glow plug on the combustion chamber side in an enlarged view according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a cobalt-iron diagram which shows the
- the glow plug 10 shown in Figure 1 is provided for arrangement in a combustion chamber, not shown, of air-compressing internal combustion engines.
- This glow plug 10 has a tubular metal housing 11, in the longitudinal bore 12 of which a glow plug 13 is fixed with a part of its length.
- This glow plug 13 has a corrosion-resistant, thin-walled glow tube 14 which is closed at its end on the combustion chamber side with a base 15.
- an electrical resistance element 17 extends, which extends in the axial direction, is embedded in insulating material 18 (e.g.
- the resistance coil 20 on the combustion chamber side serves as a heating element and the resistance coil 21 remote from the combustion chamber acts, as is known, as a regulating element due to its high positive temperature resistance coefficient; While the resistance coil 20 serving as a heating element consists in a known manner of a wire material with an essentially temperature-independent resistance behavior (e.g. of a chromium-aluminum-iron alloy), the resistance coil 21 acting as a control element is selected from a cobalt-iron alloy . According to the invention, this resistance coil 21 serving as a control element is composed of such a coil
- this resistance coil 21 With less than 6 percent by weight of iron in the cobalt-iron alloy, this resistance coil 21 would initially have a hexagonal material structure ( ⁇ ) at room temperature, which - depending on the iron content - only has a face-centered cubic material structure ( ⁇ ) would take. With more than 18 percent by weight of iron in a cobalt-iron alloy, this material would have a body-centered cubic structure ( ⁇ ), namely up to at least 400 ° C, but mostly in the range between 800 and 900 ° C before it was converted into a face-centered cubic structure ( ⁇ ).
- the preferred range for a cobalt-iron alloy which is suitable for a resistance coil 21 serving as a control element, contains 12 to 14 percent by weight of iron. In the diagram for cobalt-iron alloys shown in FIG.
- the functional lines 22 and 23 shown in this diagram separate the areas of different material structures from one another.
- the function line 21 separates the area between the hexagonal material structure ( ⁇ ) from the area of the cubic face-centered material structure ( ⁇ ), while the function line 23 separates the areas of the cubic body-centered material structure ( ⁇ ) from the area of the cubic face-centered material structure ( ⁇ ).
- the preferred cobalt-iron alloy for this purpose which contains 12 to 14 percent by weight iron, is identified in the diagram in FIG. 2 as a hatched area 24.
- the desired behavior of the resistance element 17 with respect to temperature and time can be adapted to the desired course even more precisely by means of other known measures.
- measures include B. the arrangement of an annular gap 25 between the metal housing 11 and part of the length of the glow plug 13 (see Figure 1); Such an annular gap 25 is mostly used when the free length of the glow plug 13 protruding from the combustion chamber side of the metal housing 11 is to be as short as possible and therefore part of the resistance coil 21 serving as a control element projects into the area of the glow plug 13 surrounded by the metal housing 11.
- the axial length of the resistance filament 21 can usually be made relatively short, so that the control filament (and of course the heating filament on the combustion chamber side) are completely outside the area of the glow plug 13 surrounded by the metal housing 11 can be accommodated; this latter embodiment of a glow plug is to be regarded as the preferred embodiment.
- the following can also be used as further measures for adapting the temperature / time profile of the glow plug 10: adjusting the wire diameter of the resistance filaments 20 and 21, changing the slopes of the resistance filaments 20 and 21, varying the distance between the resistance filament 20 and the resistance filament 21, using Insulating materials 18 of different thermal conductivity (in particular in the area between the two resistance coils 20 and 21), arrangement of electrically conductive, heat but poorly conductive intermediate pieces (not shown) between the resistance coil 20 and the resistance coil 21, etc.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) conçue pour être montée dans la chambre de combustion de moteurs à combustion interne du type à compression d'air. Comme dans l'état antérieur de la technique, la bougie-crayon de préchauffage comprend une résistance (17) dans sa gaine (13), la résistance (17) étant constituée de deux enroulements (20, 21) montés en série. Tandis que l'enroulement (20) se trouvant le plus près de la chambre de combustion constitue un enroulement chauffant gardant une résistance essentiellement constante à toutes les températures de fonctionnement, l'enroulement de résistance (21), qui est formé de spires de fil, qui est le plus éloigné de la chambre de combustion, et agit comme élément régulateur, possède un haut coefficient température-résistance. Selon l'invention, cet enroulement de résistance (21) fonctionnant comme élément régulateur est constitué d'un alliage, cobalt/fer dont la structure n'est pas détruite quand il est soumis aux températures que l'on a dans un moteur à combustion interne. Cet alliage est choisi de façon qu'il conserve une structure cubique à faces centrées dans toutes les conditions de fonctionnement de la bougie-crayon (10); la teneur en fer de cet alliage cobalt/fer étant de 6 à 18 % en poids, de préférence de 12 à 14 % en poids. La résistance (17) constituée d'enroulement de fil est, selon l'état antérieur de la technique, noyée dans une matière (18) isolant électriquement mais conduisant bien la chaleur.Glow plug (10) designed for installation in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines of the air compression type. As in the prior state of the art, the glow plug-pencil comprises a resistor (17) in its sheath (13), the resistor (17) consisting of two windings (20, 21) connected in series. While the coil (20) closest to the combustion chamber constitutes a heating coil keeping resistance substantially constant at all operating temperatures, the resistance coil (21), which is formed of turns of wire , which is furthest from the combustion chamber, and acts as a regulating element, has a high temperature-resistance coefficient. According to the invention, this resistance winding (21) functioning as a regulating element consists of an alloy, cobalt / iron, the structure of which is not destroyed when it is subjected to the temperatures which one has in a combustion engine. internal. This alloy is chosen so that it retains a face-centered cubic structure under all the operating conditions of the spark plug (10); the iron content of this cobalt / iron alloy being 6 to 18% by weight, preferably 12 to 14% by weight. The resistance (17) consisting of a winding of wire is, according to the prior art, embedded in a material (18) which is electrically insulating but which conducts heat well.
Description
Glühstiftkerze für Brennkraftmaschinen Glow plug for internal combustion engines
Stand der Technik State of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Glühstiftkerze zur Anordnung im Brennraum luftverdichtender Brennkraftmaschinen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. The invention relates to a glow plug for arrangement in the combustion chamber of air-compressing internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1.
Der prinzipielle Aufbau und die Funktion einer derartigen Glühstiftkerze ist in der DE-PS 28 02 625 wiedergegeben. Bei dieser Glühstiftkerze enthält ihr Glühstift ein in ein Isoliermaterial eingebettetes, elektrisches Widerstandselement, das sich aus zwei in Reihe verbundenen Widerstandswendeln zusammensetzt. Die brennraumseitige Widerstandswendel dieses Widerstandselementes dient als Heizelement und besitzt einen im wesentlichen temperaturunabhängigen Widerstand, während die brennraumferne Widerstandswendel einen hohen positiven Temperatur-Widerstandskoeffizienten aufweist und als Regelelement wirkt; letztere besteht dabei aus Nickel. The basic structure and the function of such a glow plug is shown in DE-PS 28 02 625. In this glow plug, its glow plug contains an electrical resistance element embedded in an insulating material, which is composed of two resistance filaments connected in series. The resistance coil on the combustion chamber side of this resistance element serves as a heating element and has an essentially temperature-independent resistance, while the resistance coil remote from the combustion chamber has a high positive temperature resistance coefficient and acts as a control element; the latter consists of nickel.
Aus der DE-PS 38 25 012 ist eine Glühkerze bekannt, die prinzipiell den gleichen Aufbau und die gleiche Funktion wie die Glühstiftkerze nach der obengenannten DE-PS 28 02 625 hat, jedoch für das Regelelement eine Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung oder eine Nickel-Eisen-Legierung
verwendet, wobei deren Eisen-Anteil 20 bis 35 Gewichtsprozent beträgt. Diese beiden vorgenannten Legierungen weisen bei Raumtemperatur eine kubisch raumzentrierte Struktur auf, während sie bei Erwärmung im Bereich zwischen Raumtemperatur und 1000ºC in eine kubisch flächenzentrierte Struktur übergehen. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß diese letztgenannten Glühstiftkerzen infolge der Zerrüttung des Regelelement-Materials nur eine relativ kurze Lebensdauer haben, zu unerwünschten Betriebsstörungen führen und darüber hinaus für die Störungsbeseitigung Kosten verursachen. From DE-PS 38 25 012 a glow plug is known which in principle has the same structure and the same function as the glow plug according to the above-mentioned DE-PS 28 02 625, but for the control element a cobalt-iron alloy or a nickel Iron alloy used, the iron content of which is 20 to 35 percent by weight. These two alloys mentioned above have a body-centered cubic structure at room temperature, whereas when heated in the range between room temperature and 1000 ° C they change into a face-centered cubic structure. It has been shown that these latter glow plugs have only a relatively short service life due to the disruption of the control element material, lead to undesirable malfunctions and, moreover, cause costs for eliminating the malfunction.
Vorteile der Erfindung Advantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Glühstiftkerze mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß eine Zerrüttung des Regelelementes des Widerstandselementes nach relativ kurzer Betriebsdauer nicht erfolgt und sich daraus ergebende The glow plug according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the control element of the resistance element is not disrupted after a relatively short period of operation and the resultant result
Betriebsstörungen und Kosten vermieden werden. Malfunctions and costs can be avoided.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Glühstiftkerzen möglich; besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Regelelement des Widerstandselementes aus einer Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung besteht, deren Eisen-Anteil 12 bis 14 Gewichtsprozent beträgt. The measures listed in the subclaims allow advantageous developments of the glow plugs specified in claim 1; It is particularly advantageous if the control element of the resistance element consists of a cobalt-iron alloy, the iron content of which is 12 to 14 percent by weight.
Zeichnung drawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch den brennraumseitigen Bereich einer Glühstiftkerze in vergrößerter Darstellung gemäß der Erfindung und Figur 2 ein Kobalt-Eisen-Diagramm, welches die An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the region of a glow plug on the combustion chamber side in an enlarged view according to the invention, and FIG. 2 shows a cobalt-iron diagram which shows the
Material-Strukturen in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Legierungsverhältnis zeigt.
Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispiels Material structures depending on temperature and alloy ratio shows. Description of the embodiment
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Glühstiftkerze 10 ist zur Anordnung in einem nicht dargestellten Brennraum luftverdichtender Brennkraftmaschinen vorgesehen. Diese Glühstiftkerze 10 besitzt ein rohrförmiges Metallgehäuse 11, in dessen Längsbohrung 12 ein Glühstift 13 mit einem Teil seiner Länge abdichtend festgelegt ist. Dieser Glühstift 13 hat ein korrosionsbeständiges, dünnwandiges Glührohr 14, welches an seinearbrennraumseitigen Ende mit einem Boden 15 verschlossen ist. In dem Innenraum 16 des Glührohres 14 erstreckt sich ein elektrisches Widerstandselement 17, das sich in axialer Richtung erstreckt, in Isoliermaterial 18 (z. B. Magnesiumoxidpulver) eingebettet ist, brennraumfern mit einem Anschlußteil 19 für den elektrischen Strom versehen ist, brennraumseits elektrisch leitend und fest mit dem Boden 15 des Glührohres 14 verbunden ist und sich aus zwei in Reihe verbundenen Widerstandswendeln 20, 21 zusammensetzt. Die brennraumseitige Widerstandswendel 20 dient dabei als Heizelement und die brennraumferne Widerstandswendel 21 wirkt infolge ihres hohen positiven Temperatur-Widerstandskoeffizienten bekannterweise als Regelement; während die als Heizelement dienende Widerstandswendel 20 in bekannter Weise aus einem Drahtmaterial mit im wesentlichen temperaturunabhängigen Widerstandsverhalten besteht (z. B. aus einer Chrom-Aluminium-Eisen-Legierung), wird die als Regelelement wirkende Widerstandswendel 21 aus einer Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung gewählt. Diese als Regelelement dienende Widerstandswendel 21 setzt sich gemäß der Erfindung aus einer derartigen The glow plug 10 shown in Figure 1 is provided for arrangement in a combustion chamber, not shown, of air-compressing internal combustion engines. This glow plug 10 has a tubular metal housing 11, in the longitudinal bore 12 of which a glow plug 13 is fixed with a part of its length. This glow plug 13 has a corrosion-resistant, thin-walled glow tube 14 which is closed at its end on the combustion chamber side with a base 15. In the interior 16 of the glow tube 14, an electrical resistance element 17 extends, which extends in the axial direction, is embedded in insulating material 18 (e.g. magnesium oxide powder), is provided with a connector 19 for the electric current away from the combustion chamber, is electrically conductive on the combustion chamber side and is firmly connected to the bottom 15 of the glow tube 14 and is composed of two resistance coils 20, 21 connected in series. The resistance coil 20 on the combustion chamber side serves as a heating element and the resistance coil 21 remote from the combustion chamber acts, as is known, as a regulating element due to its high positive temperature resistance coefficient; While the resistance coil 20 serving as a heating element consists in a known manner of a wire material with an essentially temperature-independent resistance behavior (e.g. of a chromium-aluminum-iron alloy), the resistance coil 21 acting as a control element is selected from a cobalt-iron alloy . According to the invention, this resistance coil 21 serving as a control element is composed of such a coil
Legierung von Kobalt und Eisen zusammen, so daß sie während aller Betriebszustände der Glühstiftkerze 10 eine kubisch flächenzentrierte Struktur (γ ) beibehält. Diese kubisch flächenzentrierte Struktur ( γ ) der Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung eines solchen als Regelelement dienenden Widerstandselementes 21 ist dann gegeben, wenn die Legierung etwa zwischen 6 und 18 Gewichtsprozent Eisen aufweist. Kobalt-Eisen-Legierungen, welche weniger als 6 oder mehr als 18 Gewichtsprozent an Eisen haben, durchlaufen bei ihrem Einsatz als
Widerstandswendeln 21 in Glühstiftkerzen 10 außer der kubisch flächenzentrierten MaterialStruktur (γ ) auch andere Materialstrukturen (siehe Figur 2). Bei weniger als 6 Gewichtsprozenten an Eisen in der Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung würde diese Widerstandswendel 21 bei Raumtemperatur zunächst eine hexagonale Materialstruktur (ε ) haben, welche - in Abhängigkeit vom Eisen-Anteil - erst bei ansteigenden Temperaturen eine kubisch flächenzentrierte Material-Struktur (γ ) einnehmen würde. Bei mehr als 18 Gewichtsprozenten an Eisen in einer Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung besäße dieses Material eine kubisch raumzentrierte Struktur (α), und zwar bis zumindest 400°C, zumeist aber bis in den Bereich zwischen 800 und 900°C hinein, ehe es sich in eine kubisch flächenzentrierte Struktur (γ ) umwandelt. Der bevorzugte Bereich für eine Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung, der für eine als Regelelement dienende Widerstandswendel 21 geeignet ist, enthält 12 bis 14 Gewichtsprozent Eisen. In dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Diagramm für Kobalt-Eisen-Legierungen sind in der Senkrechten die Temperaturen von 0 bis 1200°C aufgetragen und in der Waagerechten mögliche Anteile von Eisen bzw. Kobalt für eine Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung; die Anteile sind in Gewichtsprozenten bemessen. Verunreinigungen bzw. Verarbeitungszuschläge, die üblicherweise 1 Gewichtsprozent der Legierung kaum überschreiten, sind bei vorstehenden Angaben vernachlässigt worden. Die in dieses Diagramm eingezeichneten Funktionslinien 22 und 23 trennen die Bereiche unterschiedlicher Materialstrukturen voneinander. Die Funktionslinie 21 trennt den Bereich zwischen hexagonaler Materialstruktur (ε) von dem Bereich kubisch flächenzentrierter Materialstruktur ( γ ), während die Funktionslinie 23 die Bereiche kubisch raumzentrierter Materialstruktur (α ) von dem Bereich kubisch flächenzentrierter Materialstruktur (γ ) trennt. Die für diesen Zweck bevorzugte Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung, welche 12 bis 14 Gewichtsprozent Eisen enthält, ist in dem Diagramm in Figur 2 als schraffierter Bereich 24 gekennzeichnet. Eine als Regelelement dienende Widerstandswendel 21 aus einer Legierung, die in dem Legierungsbereich mit γ-Materialstruktur bei allen Betriebstemperaturen bleibt, insbesondere in den Bereich 24
fällt, unterliegt keinen Materialzerrüttungen und verursacht demzufolge auch keine Betriebsstörungen und sich daraus ergebende Folgekosten. Alloy of cobalt and iron together so that it maintains a face-centered cubic structure (γ) during all operating states of the glow plug 10. This face-centered cubic structure (γ) of the cobalt-iron alloy of such a resistance element 21 serving as a control element is given when the alloy has approximately between 6 and 18 percent by weight iron. Cobalt-iron alloys, which have less than 6 or more than 18 weight percent of iron, pass through when used as Resistance coils 21 in glow plugs 10, in addition to the face-centered material structure (γ), also other material structures (see FIG. 2). With less than 6 percent by weight of iron in the cobalt-iron alloy, this resistance coil 21 would initially have a hexagonal material structure (ε) at room temperature, which - depending on the iron content - only has a face-centered cubic material structure (γ ) would take. With more than 18 percent by weight of iron in a cobalt-iron alloy, this material would have a body-centered cubic structure (α), namely up to at least 400 ° C, but mostly in the range between 800 and 900 ° C before it was converted into a face-centered cubic structure (γ). The preferred range for a cobalt-iron alloy, which is suitable for a resistance coil 21 serving as a control element, contains 12 to 14 percent by weight of iron. In the diagram for cobalt-iron alloys shown in FIG. 2, the temperatures from 0 to 1200 ° C. are plotted on the vertical and possible portions of iron or cobalt for a cobalt-iron alloy in the horizontal; the proportions are measured in percentages by weight. Contamination or processing surcharges, which usually hardly exceed 1 percent by weight of the alloy, have been neglected in the above statements. The functional lines 22 and 23 shown in this diagram separate the areas of different material structures from one another. The function line 21 separates the area between the hexagonal material structure (ε) from the area of the cubic face-centered material structure (γ), while the function line 23 separates the areas of the cubic body-centered material structure (α) from the area of the cubic face-centered material structure (γ). The preferred cobalt-iron alloy for this purpose, which contains 12 to 14 percent by weight iron, is identified in the diagram in FIG. 2 as a hatched area 24. A resistance spiral 21 made of an alloy serving as a control element, which remains in the alloy region with a γ material structure at all operating temperatures, in particular in region 24 falls, is not subject to material disruption and consequently does not cause any operational disruptions and consequential costs.
Das erwünschte Verhalten des Widerstandselementes 17 hinsichtlich Temperatur und Zeit kann mittels anderer bekannter Maßnahmen dem gewünschten Verlauf noch genauer angepaßt werden. Zu diesen Maßnahmen zählt z. B. die Anordnung eines Ringspaltes 25 zwischen dem Metallgehause 11 und einem Teil der Länge des Glühstiftes 13 (siehe Figur 1); ein solcher Ringspalt 25 findet zumeist dann Anwendung, wenn die brennraumseits aus dem Metallgehause 11 herausragende freie Länge des Glühstiftes 13 möglichst kurz sein soll und deshalb ein Teil der als Regelelement dienenden Widerstandswendel 21 in den vom Metallgehause 11 umgebenen Bereich des Glühstiftes 13 hineinragt. Infolge des besonders hohen Temperatur-Widerstandskoeffizienten der erfindungsgemäßen Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung kann die axiale Länge der Widerstandswendel 21 zumeist relativ kurz ausgebildet werden, so daß die Regelwendel (und natürlich auch die brennraumseitige Heizwendel) vollständig außerhalb des vom Metallgehause 11 umgebenen Bereich des Glühstiftes 13 untergebracht werden kann; diese letztere Ausführungsform einer Glühstiftkerze ist als bevorzugte Ausführungsform anzusehen. The desired behavior of the resistance element 17 with respect to temperature and time can be adapted to the desired course even more precisely by means of other known measures. These measures include B. the arrangement of an annular gap 25 between the metal housing 11 and part of the length of the glow plug 13 (see Figure 1); Such an annular gap 25 is mostly used when the free length of the glow plug 13 protruding from the combustion chamber side of the metal housing 11 is to be as short as possible and therefore part of the resistance coil 21 serving as a control element projects into the area of the glow plug 13 surrounded by the metal housing 11. As a result of the particularly high temperature-resistance coefficient of the cobalt-iron alloy according to the invention, the axial length of the resistance filament 21 can usually be made relatively short, so that the control filament (and of course the heating filament on the combustion chamber side) are completely outside the area of the glow plug 13 surrounded by the metal housing 11 can be accommodated; this latter embodiment of a glow plug is to be regarded as the preferred embodiment.
Als weitere Maßnahmen zum Anpassen des Temperatur/Zeit-Verlaufs der Glühstiftkerze 10 können auch Verwendung finden: Anpassung der Drahtdurchmesser der Widerstandswendeln 20 und 21, Veränderung der Steigungen der Widerstandswendeln 20 und 21, Variation des Abstandes zwischen der Widerstandswendel 20 und Widerstandswendel 21, Verwendung von Isoliermaterialien 18 unterschiedlicher Wärmeleitfähigkeit (insbesondere im Bereich zwischen den beiden Widerstandswendeln 20 und 21), Anordnung von elektrisch leitenden, Wärme aber schlecht leitenden Zwischenstücken (nicht dargestellt) zwischen der Widerstandswendel 20 und Widerstandswendel 21 usw.
The following can also be used as further measures for adapting the temperature / time profile of the glow plug 10: adjusting the wire diameter of the resistance filaments 20 and 21, changing the slopes of the resistance filaments 20 and 21, varying the distance between the resistance filament 20 and the resistance filament 21, using Insulating materials 18 of different thermal conductivity (in particular in the area between the two resistance coils 20 and 21), arrangement of electrically conductive, heat but poorly conductive intermediate pieces (not shown) between the resistance coil 20 and the resistance coil 21, etc.
Claims
1. Glühstiftkerze zur Anordnung im Brennraum luftverdichtender Brennkraftmaschinen, mit einem rohrformigen Metallgehause, in dessen Längsbohrung ein Glühstift mit einem Teil seiner Länge abdichtend festgelegt ist, wobei der Glühstift ein dünnwandiges, an seinem brennraumseitigen Ende mit einem Boden verschlossenes Glührohr hat, in dessen Innenraum ein sich in axialer Richtung erstreckendes, in ein Isoliermaterial eingebettetes, elektrisches Widerstandselement angeordnet ist, welches brennraumfern mit einem Anschlußteil für den elektrischen Strom versehen ist, brennraumseits elektrisch leitend und fest mit dem Boden des Glührohrs verbunden ist und sich aus zwei in Reihe verbundenen Widerstandswendeln zusammensetzt, von denen die brennraumseitige Widerstandswendel als Heizelement dient und die brennraumferne Widerstandswendel infolge ihres hohen positiven Temperatur-Widerstandskoeffizienten als Regelelement wirkt und aus einer Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aus einer Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung bestehende, als Regelelement dienende Widerstandswendel (21) während aller Betriebszustände der Glühstiftkerze (10) eine kubisch flächenzentrierte Materialstruktur (γ) beibehält. 1. glow plug for arrangement in the combustion chamber of air-compressing internal combustion engines, with a tubular metal housing, in the longitudinal bore of which a glow plug is fixed in a sealing manner with part of its length, the glow plug having a thin-walled glow tube, which is closed at the combustion chamber end with a bottom, in the interior thereof an electrical resistance element which extends in the axial direction and is embedded in an insulating material is arranged, which is provided with a connection part for the electrical current away from the combustion chamber, is electrically conductively and firmly connected to the bottom of the glow tube on the combustion chamber side and is composed of two resistance coils connected in series, of which the resistance coil on the combustion chamber side serves as a heating element and the resistance coil remote from the combustion chamber acts as a control element due to its high positive temperature-resistance coefficient and consists of a cobalt-iron alloy, characterized in that net that the existing from a cobalt-iron alloy, serving as a control element resistance coil (21) maintains a cubic face-centered material structure (γ) during all operating states of the glow plug (10).
2. Glühstiftkerze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung der als Regelement dienenden Widerstands- wendel (21) zwischen 6 und 18 Gewichtsprozent Eisen aufweist. 2. Glow plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the cobalt-iron alloy of the resistance coil serving as a regulating element (21) has between 6 and 18 percent by weight iron.
3. Glühstiftkerze nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kobalt-Eisen-Legierung der als Regelelement dienenden Widerstandswendel (21) 12 bis 14 Gewichtsprozent Eisen enthält. 3. Glow plug according to claim 2, characterized in that the cobalt-iron alloy serving as a control element resistance coil (21) contains 12 to 14 weight percent iron.
4. Glühstiftkerze nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl die als Heizelement dienende Widerstands- wendel (20) als auch die als Regelelement dienende Widerstandswendel (21) des Widerstandselementes (17) im wesentlichen innerhalb desjenigen Längsabschnitt des Glühstiftes (13) angeordnet ist, der radial nicht mit dem Metallgehause (11) in direkter Berührung ist. 4. Glow plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both the heating element serving as a resistance coil (20) and as a control element serving as a resistance coil (21) of the resistance element (17) are arranged substantially within that longitudinal section of the glow plug (13) which is not in direct radial contact with the metal housing (11).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4010479A DE4010479A1 (en) | 1990-03-31 | 1990-03-31 | GLOW PLUG FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| DE4010479 | 1990-03-31 | ||
| PCT/DE1991/000181 WO1991015717A1 (en) | 1990-03-31 | 1991-03-01 | Sheathed-element glow plug for internal combustion engines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0523062A1 true EP0523062A1 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
| EP0523062B1 EP0523062B1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
Family
ID=6403531
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91904691A Expired - Lifetime EP0523062B1 (en) | 1990-03-31 | 1991-03-01 | Sheathed-element glow plug for internal combustion engines |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5319180A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0523062B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2936147B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4010479A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991015717A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1213540A2 (en) | 2000-12-05 | 2002-06-12 | Vacuumschmelze GmbH & Co. KG | Sheated element glow plug for internal combustion engines |
| WO2004040193A1 (en) | 2002-10-19 | 2004-05-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Control coil material for a glowplug |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2806195B2 (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1998-09-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Glow plug |
| DE4301252A1 (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1994-07-21 | Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A | Pole flame glow plug |
| DE29506974U1 (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 1995-07-06 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh, 63450 Hanau | Material for the control coil of a glow plug |
| JP3802599B2 (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 2006-07-26 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Electrically heated sheathed heater and self-temperature control type glow plug |
| DE19603059C2 (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1999-07-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Glow plug |
| DE19604551C2 (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 1999-08-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Glow plug |
| DE19630402C2 (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 2000-12-28 | Beru Ag | Pole flame glow plug |
| US5676100A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1997-10-14 | Caterpillar Inc. | Glow plug assembly |
| DE10014526B4 (en) * | 2000-03-23 | 2006-07-27 | NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Nagoya | Self-regulating quick heating rod glow plug |
| JP2002098333A (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-05 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Glow plug |
| EP2378111A1 (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2011-10-19 | NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Glow plug |
| DE10310255A1 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-16 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Electric heating with a contact hot plate |
| DE10314218A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-14 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric heating element |
| US6878903B2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2005-04-12 | Fleming Circle Associates, Llc | Glow plug |
| DE102004025854B4 (en) * | 2004-05-24 | 2006-09-21 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Glow plug for internal combustion engines |
| JP2006300046A (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-11-02 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Glow plug with combustion pressure detecting function |
| DE102008043228A1 (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-04-29 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Internal combustion setting device |
| DE102013101703A1 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-21 | Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh | Evaporator |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1082949A (en) * | 1976-06-03 | 1980-08-05 | William F. Schilling | High-temperature austenitic alloys and articles utilizing the same |
| DE2802625C3 (en) * | 1978-01-21 | 1985-07-18 | BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG, 7140 Ludwigsburg | Glow plug |
| US4423309A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1983-12-27 | General Motors Corporation | Quick heat self regulating electric glow heater |
| US4477717A (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1984-10-16 | Wellman Thermal Systems Corporation | Fast start glow plug |
| GB2216952B (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1991-10-02 | Wellman Automotive Products Li | Glow plugs |
| DE3825012A1 (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1990-01-25 | Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A | MATERIAL FOR AN ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE ELEMENT WITH POSITIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT |
-
1990
- 1990-03-31 DE DE4010479A patent/DE4010479A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-03-01 US US07/862,589 patent/US5319180A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-01 DE DE59103126T patent/DE59103126D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-01 EP EP91904691A patent/EP0523062B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-01 WO PCT/DE1991/000181 patent/WO1991015717A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-03-01 JP JP3504187A patent/JP2936147B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9115717A1 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1213540A2 (en) | 2000-12-05 | 2002-06-12 | Vacuumschmelze GmbH & Co. KG | Sheated element glow plug for internal combustion engines |
| WO2004040193A1 (en) | 2002-10-19 | 2004-05-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Control coil material for a glowplug |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1991015717A1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
| DE4010479A1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
| US5319180A (en) | 1994-06-07 |
| JP2936147B2 (en) | 1999-08-23 |
| DE59103126D1 (en) | 1994-11-03 |
| JPH05505669A (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| EP0523062B1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
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