EP0522071A1 - Safety razors and blade units therefor. - Google Patents

Safety razors and blade units therefor.

Info

Publication number
EP0522071A1
EP0522071A1 EP91907778A EP91907778A EP0522071A1 EP 0522071 A1 EP0522071 A1 EP 0522071A1 EP 91907778 A EP91907778 A EP 91907778A EP 91907778 A EP91907778 A EP 91907778A EP 0522071 A1 EP0522071 A1 EP 0522071A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
support
edge
frame
guard
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91907778A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0522071A4 (en
EP0522071B1 (en
Inventor
Kevin James Wain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gillette Co LLC
Original Assignee
Gillette Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gillette Co LLC filed Critical Gillette Co LLC
Publication of EP0522071A1 publication Critical patent/EP0522071A1/en
Publication of EP0522071A4 publication Critical patent/EP0522071A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0522071B1 publication Critical patent/EP0522071B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/08—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor involving changeable blades
    • B26B21/14—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle
    • B26B21/22—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle involving several blades to be used simultaneously
    • B26B21/222—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle involving several blades to be used simultaneously with the blades moulded into, or attached to, a changeable unit
    • B26B21/227—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle involving several blades to be used simultaneously with the blades moulded into, or attached to, a changeable unit with blades being resiliently mounted in the changeable unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/02—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor involving unchangeable blades

Definitions

  • a blade unit for a safety razor comprises a blade having a sharpened cutting edge and a blade support comprising a platform to which the blade is attached with its edge projecting forwardly of the platform, characterized in that the support further comprises an integral guard portion spaced forwardly of the blade edge, and mounting means on the support by which the integral guard and blade are mounted in use in a razor head, for rotation together about an axis parallel with and close to the blade edge.
  • the invention also includes a safety razor including a head frame in which at least one such blade unit is mounted for rotation about the said axis.
  • the (or each) unit is also mounted for movement relative to the frame under forces encountered during shaving, against the action of a resilient restoring force, in directions transverse (i.e. substantially perpendicular) to a notional plane containing the blade edge and a skin engaging surface of the guard portion.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are perspective views of an end portion of the head frame and of a blade unit, respectively;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-section taken at the sectioning line in Figure 1, showing the blade units and a cap member in the normal positions of rest;
  • Fig. 4 corresponds with Fig. 3, and shows the parts in different relative positions
  • Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic cross-section illustrating different positions of the cap and blade units in use
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a modified razor head frame and blade units.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-section of the head frame of Fig. 6, corresponding with Fig. 5.
  • the razor head shown in Figs. 1 to 4 comprises a metal or moulded plastics head frame 1 having an elongate base 2 and upstanding end walls 3 at opposite ends thereof. Only one end of the frame is shown in these Figs, the opposite end being a mirror image.
  • the head frame supports a cap member 4, two blade units 5 and three pairs of cantilever wire springs 6, whose inner ends (not shown) are secured to the medial portion of the elongate base.
  • Each blade unit 5 consists of a narrow blade 7, having a sharpened cutting edge 7A, and a blade support 8 formed as an L-shaped metal stamping to provide a platform 9 and a guard portion providing a curved skin engaging guard surface 11 and a depending leg 12.
  • the support has a slot 13 over most of its length to form a space between the platform 9 and the guard portion and the blade 7 is securely attached to the platform with its edge 7A projecting forwardly into that space, forwardly of the platform.
  • the support 8 is formed with upwardly offset, projecting ears 14 which are abuttingly engaged from below by upstanding end portions 6A of the wire springs 6.
  • the cap member 4 consists of a channel shaped support 16 in which a cap moulding 17 is secured.
  • the cap member and blade units are captured at their ends in recesses formed in the end walls 3 of the head frame. More specifically, the ears 14 of the blade supports engage in narrow vertical slots 18 which also receive the vertical end portions 6A of the respective wire springs. Alongside each slot 18 is a shallower, wider recess 19 whose forward face 21 acts as a stop for the adjacent end of the respective leg 12.
  • each blade unit is guided for vertical movement in the head frame by engagement of its ears 14 in the slots 18.
  • the springs 6 are pre-stressed so that in the normal, rest position, the blade units are held by the springs in their outermost positions, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the spring ends 6A are guided and constrained for vertical movement in their respective slots 18 and are pointed at their upper ends, where they engage the ears 14 so as to provide fulcrums, permitting rotational movement of the units about axes parallel with and close to the cutting-edges of the respective blades. As best illustrated in Fig. 4, this rotational movement is limited by engagement of the ends of the legs 12 with the rear faces of slots 18 and the forward faces 21 of recesses 19, respectively.
  • the cap member 4, which is set behind the blade units in the shaving direction, is constrained and guided for vertical movement only, parallel with the corresponding movement of the blade units.
  • the cap member is also urged to its outermost position by its respective wire springs 6, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 4 shows the moving parts in their inner ⁇ most positions, in which their springs 6 are "bottomed" against the base 2 of the frame.
  • the cap and blade units are able to conform closely to the differing contours of the skin areas being shaved by virtue of their being able to move, independently of each other and against the resilient restoring forces of their springs, according to the forces which they experience.
  • This independence of motion is known in itself but, significantly, the blade units are also able to pivot freely in order to permit each unit to maintain close contact with the skin at both its cutting edge 7A and its skin engaging guard surface 11, thus preserving its optimum attitude in spite of variations in the contours of the skin surface. This is due to the fact that the pivotal axis of each unit is parallel with and just ahead of the sharpened edge of the blade.
  • Fig. 5 the variations in skin contours are exaggerated to illustrate the way in which the moving parts of the razor accommodate undulations in the skin surface and in particular how the attitudes of the blade units are adjusted automatically to maintain the desired contact with the skin.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate a modified form of blade unit and head frame which are generally similar to the above described embodiment but with some structural modifications, principally as described below. Parts of the modified embodiment are given reference numerals increased by 100 compared with the numerals used for corresponding parts in the first embodiment.
  • the blade units 105 are virtually identical with those first described, save that the ears 114 are in the same plane as the guard portion rather than being upwardly offset. As a result the pivotal axis 'A' of the unit is set lower than in the first embodiment.
  • the moulded head frame 101 is of a different construction, being provided in known manner with depending legs 22 by which the frame is adapted for releasable mounting on the upper end of a razor handle with limited freedom to pivot, relative to the handle, about a longitudinal axis.
  • the upper surface of the base 102 is formed with an upstanding pip 102A destined to provide an inte- gral rivet for securing a metallic spring member com ⁇ prising a rectangular medial portion 106A having inte ⁇ gral spring fingers 106 extending longitudinally away, and also upwardly from the plane of the portion 106A.
  • the rear wall of the frame 101 is formed with a channel to receive the cap moulding 117 in a fixed position.
  • the slots 118 and recesses 119 are completely open from above and separate clips 123 are provided for retaining the blade units by their ears 114, to the frame.

Abstract

A safety razor head comprises a head frame (101) carrying a cap member (104) and two blade units (105) all mounted in slots in end walls (103) of the frame (101) so as to be movable vertically, i.e. towards and away from the base (102) of the frame. The movable elements are urged upwardly by springs (106). The blade units (105) comprise metal pressing (108) of inverted L-shaped cross-section. Blade members (107) are attached to the top limbs (109) and guard portions (111, 112) are spaced forwardly of the blade edges (107A). The pressing (108) has projecting ears (114) at opposite ends by which each unit is mounted in the frame (101) for limited pivotal movement about an axis parallel with and close to the blade edge (107A).

Description

SAFETY RAZORS AND BLADE UNITS THEREFOR This invention relates to safety razors and to blade units for incorporation in safety razors.
The invention aims at the provision of a safety razor having a high degree of "conformance", that is to say the ability to permit or constrain the skin- engaging elements of the razor to maintain optimum contact with the varying contours of the skin during a shaving operation. In accordance with a feature of the present invention, a blade unit for a safety razor comprises a blade having a sharpened cutting edge and a blade support comprising a platform to which the blade is attached with its edge projecting forwardly of the platform, characterized in that the support further comprises an integral guard portion spaced forwardly of the blade edge, and mounting means on the support by which the integral guard and blade are mounted in use in a razor head, for rotation together about an axis parallel with and close to the blade edge.
The invention also includes a safety razor including a head frame in which at least one such blade unit is mounted for rotation about the said axis.
Preferably, the (or each) unit is also mounted for movement relative to the frame under forces encountered during shaving, against the action of a resilient restoring force, in directions transverse (i.e. substantially perpendicular) to a notional plane containing the blade edge and a skin engaging surface of the guard portion.
A blade unit and safety razor head frame in accordance with the invention and some modifications thereof, will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs. 1 and 2 are perspective views of an end portion of the head frame and of a blade unit, respectively;
Fig. 3 is a cross-section taken at the sectioning line in Figure 1, showing the blade units and a cap member in the normal positions of rest;
Fig. 4 corresponds with Fig. 3, and shows the parts in different relative positions;
Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic cross-section illustrating different positions of the cap and blade units in use;
Fig. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a modified razor head frame and blade units; and
Fig. 7 is a cross-section of the head frame of Fig. 6, corresponding with Fig. 5.
The razor head shown in Figs. 1 to 4 comprises a metal or moulded plastics head frame 1 having an elongate base 2 and upstanding end walls 3 at opposite ends thereof. Only one end of the frame is shown in these Figs, the opposite end being a mirror image.
The head frame supports a cap member 4, two blade units 5 and three pairs of cantilever wire springs 6, whose inner ends (not shown) are secured to the medial portion of the elongate base.
Each blade unit 5 consists of a narrow blade 7, having a sharpened cutting edge 7A, and a blade support 8 formed as an L-shaped metal stamping to provide a platform 9 and a guard portion providing a curved skin engaging guard surface 11 and a depending leg 12. The support has a slot 13 over most of its length to form a space between the platform 9 and the guard portion and the blade 7 is securely attached to the platform with its edge 7A projecting forwardly into that space, forwardly of the platform. At its ends, the support 8 is formed with upwardly offset, projecting ears 14 which are abuttingly engaged from below by upstanding end portions 6A of the wire springs 6.
The cap member 4 consists of a channel shaped support 16 in which a cap moulding 17 is secured.
The cap member and blade units are captured at their ends in recesses formed in the end walls 3 of the head frame. More specifically, the ears 14 of the blade supports engage in narrow vertical slots 18 which also receive the vertical end portions 6A of the respective wire springs. Alongside each slot 18 is a shallower, wider recess 19 whose forward face 21 acts as a stop for the adjacent end of the respective leg 12.
Thus, each blade unit is guided for vertical movement in the head frame by engagement of its ears 14 in the slots 18. The springs 6 are pre-stressed so that in the normal, rest position, the blade units are held by the springs in their outermost positions, as shown in Fig. 3. The spring ends 6A are guided and constrained for vertical movement in their respective slots 18 and are pointed at their upper ends, where they engage the ears 14 so as to provide fulcrums, permitting rotational movement of the units about axes parallel with and close to the cutting-edges of the respective blades. As best illustrated in Fig. 4, this rotational movement is limited by engagement of the ends of the legs 12 with the rear faces of slots 18 and the forward faces 21 of recesses 19, respectively. The cap member 4, which is set behind the blade units in the shaving direction, is constrained and guided for vertical movement only, parallel with the corresponding movement of the blade units. The cap member is also urged to its outermost position by its respective wire springs 6, as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 shows the moving parts in their inner¬ most positions, in which their springs 6 are "bottomed" against the base 2 of the frame.
In use of the razor, the cap and blade units are able to conform closely to the differing contours of the skin areas being shaved by virtue of their being able to move, independently of each other and against the resilient restoring forces of their springs, according to the forces which they experience. This independence of motion is known in itself but, significantly, the blade units are also able to pivot freely in order to permit each unit to maintain close contact with the skin at both its cutting edge 7A and its skin engaging guard surface 11, thus preserving its optimum attitude in spite of variations in the contours of the skin surface. This is due to the fact that the pivotal axis of each unit is parallel with and just ahead of the sharpened edge of the blade.
In Fig. 5, the variations in skin contours are exaggerated to illustrate the way in which the moving parts of the razor accommodate undulations in the skin surface and in particular how the attitudes of the blade units are adjusted automatically to maintain the desired contact with the skin.
The translational movement of the units is described above as being "vertical". This, of course, assumes a specific attitude of the razor head. The sense of the requisite movement, regardless of the attitude of the razor, is transverse to a notional plane containing the blade edge and the skin engaging surface of the guard portion.
Because of the self-guarding nature of the blade units, it will generally be unnecessary to provide a separated guard member, but if one is provided, it can be mounted for translational movement, with a spring suspension, in the same manner as the cap member.
The razor could of course have a single blade unit or three or more if desired, but two units are presently regarded as optimal. Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate a modified form of blade unit and head frame which are generally similar to the above described embodiment but with some structural modifications, principally as described below. Parts of the modified embodiment are given reference numerals increased by 100 compared with the numerals used for corresponding parts in the first embodiment.
The blade units 105 are virtually identical with those first described, save that the ears 114 are in the same plane as the guard portion rather than being upwardly offset. As a result the pivotal axis 'A' of the unit is set lower than in the first embodiment.
The moulded head frame 101 is of a different construction, being provided in known manner with depending legs 22 by which the frame is adapted for releasable mounting on the upper end of a razor handle with limited freedom to pivot, relative to the handle, about a longitudinal axis.
The upper surface of the base 102 is formed with an upstanding pip 102A destined to provide an inte- gral rivet for securing a metallic spring member com¬ prising a rectangular medial portion 106A having inte¬ gral spring fingers 106 extending longitudinally away, and also upwardly from the plane of the portion 106A.
The rear wall of the frame 101 is formed with a channel to receive the cap moulding 117 in a fixed position.
In the end walls 103 of the frame, the slots 118 and recesses 119 are completely open from above and separate clips 123 are provided for retaining the blade units by their ears 114, to the frame.
The function and operation of the blade units is as described above.

Claims

C L A I M S
1. A blade unit for a safety razor, comprising a blade having a sharpened cutting edge a blade support comprising a platform to which the blade is attached with its edge projecting forwardly of the platform, characterized in that the support further comprises an integral guard portion spaced forwardly of the blade edge and mounting means on the support by which the integral guard and blade are mounted in use in a razor head, for rotation together about an axis parallel with and close to the blade edge.
2. A blade unit according to claim 1, wherein the said blade support is of generally L-shaped cross-section, having one leg constituting the said platform and a' second, depending leg spaced forwardly of the blade edge, the said guard surface being formed by a transitional portion at the angle of the support.
3. A blade unit according to claim 1, wherein the said blade support is of generally L-shaped cross-section, having one leg constituting the platform and a second, depending leg spaced from the black edge for limited rotation about the said axis.
4. A blade unit according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the support is formed at opposite ends with a pair of projections, extending beyond the respective ends of the said platform and which constitute the said mounting means.
5. A blade unit according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the said blade support is formed as a unitary metal stamping.
6. A razor head comprising at least one blade unit according to any preceding claim, in combination with a razor head frame, wherein the said blade unit is supported in the frame for rotation about the said axis.
7. A razor head according to claim 6, wherein the mounting means of the (or each) blade unit are located and retained in recessed portions in opposite end walls of the said frame.
8. A razor head according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the (or each) blade unit is also mounted for translational movement relative to the frame under forces encountered during shaving, against the action of a resilient restoring force, in directions transverse to a notional plane containing the blade edge and a skin engaging surface of the guard portion.
9. A razor head according to claim 8, wherein opposite ends of the (or each) blade support are engaged by respective springs, the said ends being displaceable relative to each other in the said transverse directions.
10. A razor head according to claim 9, wherein the said frame is formed as a unitary moulding having an elongate base with upstanding walls at opposite ends thereof, the inner faces of the said walls being formed with slots in which the mounting means of the (or each) blade support are received, spring members are attached to the elongate base and bear upwardly at their ends on the said mounting means, the inner faces of the said walls also being formed with forward and rear abutment faces for engagement by portions of the support to limit rotation of the said support.
11. A blade unit for a safety razor comprising a sharpened cutting edge, a guard spaced a predetermined distance forwardly of said cutting edge and substantially parallel thereto; means for integrally connecting said blade edge and said guard portion together to maintain said spaced apart relationship; and, mounting means on said blade unit for mounting said unit in a razor head and for permitting rotation of said blade edge and said guard together about an axis parallel with and close to said blade edge; so that the geometric relationship between said blade edge and said guard may be maintained with respect to one another as said blade unit moves over the face of the user.
EP91907778A 1990-03-27 1991-03-22 Safety razors and blade units therefor Expired - Lifetime EP0522071B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB909006782A GB9006782D0 (en) 1990-03-27 1990-03-27 Safety razors and blade units therefor
GB9006782 1990-03-27
PCT/US1991/001926 WO1991014546A1 (en) 1990-03-27 1991-03-22 Safety razors and blade units therefor

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0522071A1 true EP0522071A1 (en) 1993-01-13
EP0522071A4 EP0522071A4 (en) 1993-05-19
EP0522071B1 EP0522071B1 (en) 1996-10-02

Family

ID=10673307

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91907778A Expired - Lifetime EP0522071B1 (en) 1990-03-27 1991-03-22 Safety razors and blade units therefor

Country Status (19)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0522071B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3085974B2 (en)
KR (1) KR0174756B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1035163C (en)
AT (1) ATE143624T1 (en)
AU (1) AU649665B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9106269A (en)
CA (1) CA2076534C (en)
CZ (1) CZ283054B6 (en)
DE (1) DE69122500T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0522071T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2092564T3 (en)
GB (1) GB9006782D0 (en)
GR (1) GR3021275T3 (en)
PL (1) PL166706B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2091211C1 (en)
TR (1) TR27611A (en)
UA (1) UA25899C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1991014546A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3253960B2 (en) * 1991-07-18 2002-02-04 ワーナー−ランバート・カンパニー Razor head with variable shaving shape
US5341571A (en) * 1993-04-16 1994-08-30 American Safety Razor Company Movable blade shaving cartridge or the like
GB9505917D0 (en) * 1995-03-23 1995-05-10 Gillette Co Safety razors
US5689883A (en) * 1995-05-08 1997-11-25 Warner-Lambert Company Shaving implement
AU2129597A (en) 1996-03-27 1997-10-17 Warner-Lambert Company Shaving system with uniform shaving forces
US6009624A (en) * 1997-09-30 2000-01-04 The Gillette Company Razor cartridge with movable blades
JP4950507B2 (en) 2006-02-14 2012-06-13 株式会社貝印刃物開発センター razor
JP4977374B2 (en) 2006-02-14 2012-07-18 株式会社貝印刃物開発センター razor
JP4950506B2 (en) 2006-02-14 2012-06-13 株式会社貝印刃物開発センター razor
US8008812B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2011-08-30 Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd. Paper shredder control system responsive to touch-sensitive element
CN201239643Y (en) 2008-08-06 2009-05-20 上海震旦办公设备有限公司 Full automatic paper crusher without selecting paper
WO2010037078A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-01 The Gillette Company Razor cartridges with perforated blade assemblies
CA2745350C (en) * 2008-12-19 2017-05-30 Spiros Gratsias Razor cartridge and mechanical razor comprising such a cartridge
CN101543800A (en) 2009-05-07 2009-09-30 上海震旦办公设备有限公司 Paper jamming prevention protective device of paper shredder
JP5830823B2 (en) * 2009-07-15 2015-12-09 エバレデイ バツテリ カンパニー インコーポレーテツド Razor blade technology
EP3072646B1 (en) * 2015-03-25 2020-06-17 The Gillette Company LLC Shaving razor cartridge
CN106098254B (en) * 2016-07-14 2017-08-29 广州市明创线缆有限公司 A kind of manual wringing equipment of cable and its application method
CN109514230B (en) * 2018-12-29 2023-06-20 温州美葆科技技术有限公司 Full-automatic assembly equipment for manual shaver and control method thereof

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DE3019399A1 (en) * 1979-05-25 1981-04-23 The Gillette Co., 02199 Boston, Mass. HEAD OF A SAFETY SHAVER
US4337575A (en) * 1980-08-07 1982-07-06 The Gillette Company Razor blade assembly
GB2131337B (en) * 1982-12-07 1985-10-30 Gillette Co Safety razors
US4586255A (en) * 1984-10-15 1986-05-06 The Gillette Company Razor blade assembly
US4709477A (en) * 1986-09-02 1987-12-01 Warner-Lambert Company Blade assembly featuring variable span
US4932122A (en) * 1987-12-21 1990-06-12 The Gillette Company Safety razor blade assembly

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE143624T1 (en) 1996-10-15
CN1057807A (en) 1992-01-15
GR3021275T3 (en) 1997-01-31
AU649665B2 (en) 1994-06-02
WO1991014546A1 (en) 1991-10-03
CA2076534A1 (en) 1991-09-28
BR9106269A (en) 1993-04-13
ES2092564T3 (en) 1996-12-01
CS9100834A2 (en) 1991-11-12
DK0522071T3 (en) 1997-02-17
CZ283054B6 (en) 1997-12-17
KR930700267A (en) 1993-03-13
GB9006782D0 (en) 1990-05-23
DE69122500D1 (en) 1996-11-07
TR27611A (en) 1995-06-13
JP3085974B2 (en) 2000-09-11
RU2091211C1 (en) 1997-09-27
UA25899C2 (en) 1999-02-26
KR0174756B1 (en) 1999-02-18
DE69122500T2 (en) 1997-04-03
EP0522071A4 (en) 1993-05-19
AU7653291A (en) 1991-10-21
CN1035163C (en) 1997-06-18
EP0522071B1 (en) 1996-10-02
CA2076534C (en) 1998-10-06
PL166706B1 (en) 1995-06-30
JPH05505746A (en) 1993-08-26

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