EP0521637A1 - Dispositif et procédé de remodelage de récipients - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de remodelage de récipients Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0521637A1 EP0521637A1 EP92305604A EP92305604A EP0521637A1 EP 0521637 A1 EP0521637 A1 EP 0521637A1 EP 92305604 A EP92305604 A EP 92305604A EP 92305604 A EP92305604 A EP 92305604A EP 0521637 A1 EP0521637 A1 EP 0521637A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- mold
- end member
- double seam
- clamping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
- B21D26/049—Deforming bodies having a closed end
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
- B21D51/2669—Transforming the shape of formed can bodies; Forming can bodies from flattened tubular blanks; Flattening can bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
- B65D83/38—Details of the container body
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for, and a method of, reshaping containers.
- a method of reshaping a hollow container having first and second ends, at least one of said first and second ends being open, said container comprising a body member and at least one end member joined to the body member by a double seam said method comprising the steps of placing the container in a mold having an inner surface which defines a chamber for accommodating the mold, clamping the container at said first end thereof with respect to the mold, clamping the container at said second end thereof with respect to the mold, sealing the or each open end of the container, supplying a fluid under pressure to the interior of the container so as to expand the container outwardly onto the inner surface of the mold, and preventing the or each double seam from deforming during expansion of the container.
- FIG. 1 and 2 there is shown an apparatus for reshaping a container.
- the apparatus comprises a mold 10 and this is shown together with a container 12.
- the container 12 is shown, respectively, before and after reshaping.
- the container 12 comprises a hollow cylindrical body member 14, a closed dome-shaped member 16 joined to the lower end of the body member 14 by a double seam 17 and an open cone-shaped end member 18 joined to the upper end of body member 14 by a double seam 19.
- the body member 14 is formed from a rectangular piece of steel sheet which is welded, in well known manner, into a cylindrical shape.
- the end members 16 and 18 are both formed from steel sheet.
- the various parts of the container 12 may be coated with stretchable lacquer or paint or polymer coating prior to reshaping.
- the container 12 is destined to form part of an aerosol dispensing container. In later stages of manufacture of the container, a valve cup is crimped to the upper end of the end member 18, a valve is clinched in place inside the valve cup and the container is filled with a product to be dispensed and a suitable propellant.
- the mold 10 is of the split type.
- the mold 10 comprises an upper sleeve 22, an outer sleeve 24, an inner sleeve 26 and a liner 28.
- the inner surface 29 of liner 28 defines both a chamber to receive the container 12 and also the eventual desired outer shape of the container 12 after reshaping.
- the container 12 expands outwardly through the cavity 30 onto the inner surface 29 of liner 28.
- the apparatus also includes a mandrel 34 which has a head 36 and a shaft 38 located inside the mold.
- a passage 40 extends through the mandrel 34 along an axis 42 which is central both to the mandrel 34 and the mold 10.
- the single passage 40 may be replaced by several, for example three, passages.
- a deep groove 44 is formed in the head 36 adjacent the upper end of the shaft 38 and this groove 44 is arranged to receive the end member 18.
- the apparatus further includes a lower clamping member 48 for clamping the lower end of the container 12 to the mold 10, and a pair of upper clamping members 50,52 for clamping the upper end of container 12 to the mold.
- the upper sleeve 22 and the upper clamping members 50,52 are arranged so that they can slide axially with respect to the mandrel 34 and the inner sleeve 26. In order to limit their axial movement, there is provided a spacer ring 54.
- the upper sleeve 22 and the upper clamping members 50,52 may slide freely or, preferably, be caused to slide in a controlled manner by a cam mechanism.
- the apparatus At its lower end, the apparatus includes a support member 58, the upper surface of which is complementary to the outer surface of the dome-shaped member 16 and which is brought into engagement therewith.
- the lower clamping member 48 engages the outer side of the double seam 17 and the support member 58 engages the inner side of the double seam 17.
- the double seam 17 is gripped between the lower clamping member 48 and the support member 58.
- the lower clamping member 48 has an inwardly directed rib 49 which engages the outer part of the root of the double seam 17. Consequently, the root of the double seam 17 is gripped between the lower clamping member 48 and the support member 58.
- the support member 58 prevents the dome-shaped end member 16 from deforming during reshaping.
- the apparatus also includes a pair of sealing rings 60,62 which together serve to seal the upper end of the container 12.
- the clamping member 50 and the sealing ring 62 engage the container 12 at the double seam 19 between the body member 14 and the end member 18.
- the end member 18 and the double seam 19 are prevented from deforming during reshaping.
- the mold 10 is of the split type.
- the upper sleeve 22, the outer sleeve 24, the inner sleeve 26 and the liner 28 are each formed in two halves.
- the lower clamping member 48, the upper clamping members 50,52 and the spacer ring 54 are also each formed in two halves. The two halves of the mold 10 together with the associated components are mounted so that they can open to receive the container 12 and then close and lock together.
- the two halves of the mold 10 are opened and the container 12 is placed on the mandrel 34.
- the two halves of the mold are then closed.
- the two halves are locked together by a locking mechanism and the locking mechanism provides the clamping force which is necessary to clamp the container 12 in position.
- Air under pressure is then supplied from an air supply system through the passage 40 to the interior of the container 12. This creates a pressure difference across the wall of the body member 14. Consequently, the container 12 is reshaped because the body member 14 expands outwardly into engagement with the inner surface of liner 28.
- the upper sleeve 22 and the clamping members 50,52 together with the sealing rings 60,62 slide downwardly (freely or in a controlled manner) until the clamping member 52 engages the spacer ring 54.
- the liner 28 and clamping member 48 are arranged so as to leave a cavity 66 after reshaping. The presence of the shaft 38 of mandrel 34 inside the container 12 during reshaping reduces the amount of air that has to be supplied.
- the reduction in the height of the container reduces thinning of the material of the body member 12 in the vicinity of its ends during reshaping. It also ensures that the body member 12 is not drawn out of the clamping members 48,50 and 52.
- the reduction in height (negative axial strain) together with wall thinning (negative body material thickness strain) enables greater diameter expansion (positive hoop strain). Consequently, there is a saving in material.
- Containers having a relatively large diameter can be formed by reshaping containers made from relatively thin material and with relatively small diameter ends.
- the reduction in material thinning during reshaping also makes it easier to use anisotropic materials as well as materials with grain direction oriented axially along the wall of the body member.
- the amount of energy required to reshape the container is reduced because the energy is expended only in circumferential stretching of the container body and not on axial stretching.
- the apparatus described in Figures 1 and 2 also makes it possible to produce reshaped containers of various sizes and shapes from the same size and shape of container before reshaping. There is also a reduction in the number of parts that have to be changed when modifying the apparatus from producing one type of reshaped container to another type. Furthermore, stock holding of a variety of types of reshaped containers can be eliminated in favour of stock holding of a limited number of types of containers before reshaping.
- FIGs 3 and 4 there is shown another apparatus for reshaping containers which is generally similar to that shown in Figure 1 and like parts are denoted by the same reference numerals preceded by number "1".
- the apparatus is shown in Figures 3 and 4 with a container 12, respectively, before and after reshaping.
- the upper sleeve 122 and the outer sleeve 124 are formed integrally. Consequently, the upper end of body member 14 does not move during reshaping.
- the clamping member 48 of Figure 1 is replaced by clamping members 150 and 152 which are arranged for sliding axial movement inside the lower end of the inner sleeve 126. Their axial movement is limited by a spacer ring 154.
- the lower end of the outer sleeve 124 is provided with a bearing sleeve 170 and the support member 158 is arranged to move axially inside the bearing sleeve 170 and the inner sleeve 126.
- the support member 158 and the clamping members 150,152 may slide freely or, preferably, be caused to slide in a controlled manner by a cam mechanism.
- the double seam 17 is gripped between the support member 158 and the clamping member 150.
- FIGs 5 and 6 there is shown a further and preferred apparatus for reshaping containers.
- the apparatus shown in Figures 5 and 6 is generally similar to that shown in Figure 1 and like parts are denoted by the same reference numerals preceded by number "2".
- the apparatus is shown in Figures 5 and 6 with a container 12, respectively, before and after reshaping.
- the upper sleeve 222 and the upper clamping members 250,252 slide along the inner surface of the liner 228.
- the axial movement of the upper sleeve 222 is limited by a spacer ring 270.
- a lower clamping member 272 which is guided for axial sliding movement by the outer sleeve 224 and the inner surface 229 of the liner 228.
- the support member 258 is arranged to move together with the lower clamping member 258.
- the double seam 17 is gripped between the lower clamping member 272 and the support member 258.
- the lower clamping member 272 has an inwardly directed rib 274 and the root of the double seam 17 is gripped between the rib 274 and the support member 258.
- the upper clamping members 250,252 and the lower clamping member 272 move inwardly and towards each other during reshaping of the container 12.
- each apparatus may be used to reshape a container of the type comprising a hollow container body having a rectangular cross-section, a closed end member, and an open end member which is provided with a screwthread for receiving a threaded cap.
- Each apparatus may be used for reshaping a container of the type in which the closed end member and the body member are formed integrally by a drawing process.
- the air supply system comprises a three stage compressor 300 which supplies compressed air to an accumulator 302.
- the output of the accumulator 302 is connected through an adjustable restrictor 304, a solenoid operated valve 306 and a one-way valve 308 to the mandrel 34.
- the mandrel is also connected through a one-way valve 310 and a solenoid operated valve 312 to the input of compressor 300.
- valve 306 is opened and the container 12 is subjected to a pressure of, for example 50-60 bar, so that it takes up its shape inside the mold 10.
- the valve 306 is then closed and the valve 312 is opened so as to return the compressed air to the compressor 300.
- Air represents a particularly convenient type of fluid for reshaping containers. However, it is to be appreciated other types of fluid may be used in place of air.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
- Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Closing Of Containers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB919114444A GB9114444D0 (en) | 1991-07-04 | 1991-07-04 | Apparatus and method for reshaping containers |
GB9114444 | 1991-07-04 | ||
GB9212687A GB2257073B (en) | 1991-07-04 | 1992-06-15 | Apparatus and method for reshaping containers |
GB9212687 | 1992-06-15 | ||
SG137394A SG137394G (en) | 1991-07-04 | 1994-09-27 | Apparatus and method for reshaping containers |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0521637A1 true EP0521637A1 (fr) | 1993-01-07 |
EP0521637B1 EP0521637B1 (fr) | 1994-08-10 |
EP0521637B2 EP0521637B2 (fr) | 1997-09-03 |
Family
ID=27265748
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92305604A Expired - Lifetime EP0521637B2 (fr) | 1991-07-04 | 1992-06-18 | Dispositif et procédé de remodelage de récipients |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0521637B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE109695T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69200315T3 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0521637T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2057961T5 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2257073B (fr) |
GR (1) | GR3025278T3 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK136394A (fr) |
SG (1) | SG137394G (fr) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997012705A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-02 | 1997-04-10 | Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation | Dispositifs et procedes de fabrication de boites metalliques decoratives |
WO1997029868A1 (fr) * | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-21 | Luckhardt Ohg | Procede et dispositif pour produire un systeme de fixation sur une piece en tole fine |
WO1998020992A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-09 | 1998-05-22 | Carnaudmetalbox Plc | Remodelage de contenants emboutis et etires |
US5938389A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1999-08-17 | Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation | Metal can and method of making |
EP1586393A1 (fr) * | 2004-04-16 | 2005-10-19 | Impress Group B.V. | Procédé de formage de corps de boites et dispositif de mise en oeuvre dudit procédé |
EP2359953A1 (fr) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-08-24 | Impress Group B.V. | Pré-conteneur métallique, conteneur métallique formé par soufflage et appareil et procédé pour le fabriquer |
EP2366472A1 (fr) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-09-21 | Impress Group B.V. | Pré-conteneur métallique, conteneur métallique formé par soufflage |
EP2592011A1 (fr) | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-15 | Crown Packaging Technology, Inc | Récipient et bouchon |
EP2859966A1 (fr) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-15 | Ardagh MP Group Netherlands B.V. | Récipient métallique façonné et son procédé de fabrication |
RU2684130C1 (ru) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-04-04 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ИРНИТУ") | Способ формообразования эластичной средой листовых деталей с элементами типа "подсечка" |
RU2733613C1 (ru) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-10-05 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" | Способ пневмотермической формовки листовой заготовки |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5832766A (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-11-10 | Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation | Systems and methods for making decorative shaped metal cans |
US5746080A (en) * | 1995-10-02 | 1998-05-05 | Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. | Systems and methods for making decorative shaped metal cans |
US5829290A (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1998-11-03 | Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation | Reshaping of containers |
GB9621831D0 (en) * | 1996-10-19 | 1996-12-11 | Metal Box Plc | Reshaping of containers |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH388887A (fr) * | 1962-02-28 | 1965-03-15 | Gerzat Metallurg | Procédé de façonnage d'un corps creux convexe monobloc, dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, et corps creux monobloc obtenu selon ce procédé |
US3335590A (en) * | 1964-08-07 | 1967-08-15 | Boeing Co | Accurate control system for axial load bulge forming |
DE2131811A1 (de) * | 1971-06-23 | 1972-12-28 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Tiefziehen rohrfoermiger Werkstuecke |
GB2123329A (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1984-02-01 | Fiz Tech I Akad Nauk | Device for sizing tubes |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8820585D0 (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1988-09-28 | Metal Box Plc | Pneumatic reshaping of cans |
-
1992
- 1992-06-15 GB GB9212687A patent/GB2257073B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-18 AT AT92305604T patent/ATE109695T1/de active
- 1992-06-18 DE DE69200315T patent/DE69200315T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-18 EP EP92305604A patent/EP0521637B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-18 DK DK92305604.8T patent/DK0521637T3/da active
- 1992-06-18 ES ES92305604T patent/ES2057961T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-27 SG SG137394A patent/SG137394G/en unknown
- 1994-12-01 HK HK136394A patent/HK136394A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-11-05 GR GR970402916T patent/GR3025278T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH388887A (fr) * | 1962-02-28 | 1965-03-15 | Gerzat Metallurg | Procédé de façonnage d'un corps creux convexe monobloc, dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, et corps creux monobloc obtenu selon ce procédé |
US3335590A (en) * | 1964-08-07 | 1967-08-15 | Boeing Co | Accurate control system for axial load bulge forming |
DE2131811A1 (de) * | 1971-06-23 | 1972-12-28 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Tiefziehen rohrfoermiger Werkstuecke |
GB2123329A (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1984-02-01 | Fiz Tech I Akad Nauk | Device for sizing tubes |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997012705A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-02 | 1997-04-10 | Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation | Dispositifs et procedes de fabrication de boites metalliques decoratives |
WO1997012706A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-02 | 1997-04-10 | Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation | Systemes et procedes de fabrication de boites metalliques decoratives faconnees |
WO1997012704A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-02 | 1997-04-10 | Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation | Dispositifs et procedes de fabrication de boites metalliques decoratives façonnees |
WO1997029868A1 (fr) * | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-21 | Luckhardt Ohg | Procede et dispositif pour produire un systeme de fixation sur une piece en tole fine |
US5938389A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1999-08-17 | Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation | Metal can and method of making |
WO1998020992A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-09 | 1998-05-22 | Carnaudmetalbox Plc | Remodelage de contenants emboutis et etires |
EP1586393A1 (fr) * | 2004-04-16 | 2005-10-19 | Impress Group B.V. | Procédé de formage de corps de boites et dispositif de mise en oeuvre dudit procédé |
WO2005099926A1 (fr) * | 2004-04-16 | 2005-10-27 | Impress Group B.V. | Procede de faconnage de corps de contenants et appareil correspondant |
US7726162B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2010-06-01 | Impress Group B.V. | Method of shaping container bodies and corresponding apparatus |
WO2011104201A1 (fr) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-09-01 | Impress Group B.V. | Ébauche de récipient métallique, récipient métallique formé par soufflage et dispositif et procédé pour fabriquer ce récipient |
EP2359953A1 (fr) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-08-24 | Impress Group B.V. | Pré-conteneur métallique, conteneur métallique formé par soufflage et appareil et procédé pour le fabriquer |
EP2366472A1 (fr) | 2010-02-23 | 2011-09-21 | Impress Group B.V. | Pré-conteneur métallique, conteneur métallique formé par soufflage |
EP2592011A1 (fr) | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-15 | Crown Packaging Technology, Inc | Récipient et bouchon |
WO2013068292A1 (fr) | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-16 | Crown Packaging Technology, Inc. | Contenant et capuchon |
CN105722618A (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2016-06-29 | 可口可乐公司 | 成型金属容器以及用于制造成型金属容器的方法 |
WO2015054284A3 (fr) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-06-18 | The Coca-Cola Company | Récipient métallique façonné, microstructure, procédé pour fabriquer un récipient métallique façonné |
EP2859966A1 (fr) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-15 | Ardagh MP Group Netherlands B.V. | Récipient métallique façonné et son procédé de fabrication |
CN105722618B (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2019-05-31 | 可口可乐公司 | 成型金属容器以及用于制造成型金属容器的方法 |
US10906081B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2021-02-02 | The Coca-Cola Company | Shaped metal container, microstructure, a method for making a shaped metal container |
EP4116006A3 (fr) * | 2013-10-08 | 2023-04-26 | The Coca-Cola Company | Récipient métallique façonné, microstructure, procédé de fabrication d'un récipient métallique façonné |
US11738382B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2023-08-29 | The Coca-Cola Company | Shaped metal container, microstructure, a method for making a shaped metal container |
RU2684130C1 (ru) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-04-04 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ИРНИТУ") | Способ формообразования эластичной средой листовых деталей с элементами типа "подсечка" |
RU2733613C1 (ru) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-10-05 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" | Способ пневмотермической формовки листовой заготовки |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69200315T2 (de) | 1994-12-01 |
ES2057961T5 (es) | 1997-10-16 |
GB2257073A (en) | 1993-01-06 |
ATE109695T1 (de) | 1994-08-15 |
EP0521637B1 (fr) | 1994-08-10 |
DK0521637T3 (da) | 1994-09-26 |
GB9212687D0 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
GB2257073B (en) | 1994-02-23 |
DE69200315T3 (de) | 1997-11-27 |
HK136394A (en) | 1994-12-09 |
DE69200315D1 (de) | 1994-09-15 |
EP0521637B2 (fr) | 1997-09-03 |
ES2057961T3 (es) | 1994-10-16 |
SG137394G (en) | 1995-01-13 |
GR3025278T3 (en) | 1998-02-27 |
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