EP0520353B1 - Electrical heated windscreen - Google Patents
Electrical heated windscreen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0520353B1 EP0520353B1 EP92110478A EP92110478A EP0520353B1 EP 0520353 B1 EP0520353 B1 EP 0520353B1 EP 92110478 A EP92110478 A EP 92110478A EP 92110478 A EP92110478 A EP 92110478A EP 0520353 B1 EP0520353 B1 EP 0520353B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- heating
- windscreen
- heating conductor
- pane
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
- H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrically heatable viewing window, each having a lower window consisting of transparent polyvinyl chloride with a thickness of less than 1 mm, and an upper window between which a flat electrical heating conductor is arranged, each of which has a conductor track in opposite edge sections.
- Such viewing windows are preferably used for motor vehicles, in particular for rear windows.
- the lens can be heated by means of the electric heater to prevent fogging or icing of the surfaces.
- FR-A-2 633 880 describes an electrically heatable viewing pane, each having a lower pane consisting of transparent polyvinyl chloride with a thickness of less than 1 mm and an upper pane, between which a flat electrical heating conductor is arranged, which has a conductor track in opposite edge sections.
- the heating conductor is designed in the form of numerous wires running parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the viewing window.
- the conductor tracks are arranged on the narrow side edges of the viewing window.
- the visor is flexible so that it can take on an elegant and aerodynamically favorable curved shape when the top is closed and a flat shape when the top is open.
- the heating conductors and the conductor tracks must be manufactured individually for each viewing window.
- the heating conductors can be wires or tapes; they are preferably applied as a conductive paste using the screen printing process.
- DE-A 20 30 204 describes a method for applying metal threads to flat bodies, metal threads being connected to an electrically insulating support structure to form a flat component, and this is applied as a layer to the flat body.
- metal threads being connected to an electrically insulating support structure to form a flat component, and this is applied as a layer to the flat body.
- These are primarily heated glass panes.
- a film, a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or the like made of insulating material is used as the insulating support structure, and metal threads are embroidered, sewn or stitched onto this film or the like to produce the flat component.
- the flat component is connected with a plastic film and this is applied to the flat body.
- the flat component is arranged as a heat conductor system between two glass panes.
- GB-A-2 091 528 discloses an electrically heatable viewing window with electrically conductive conductor tracks spaced apart from one another, which are connected to one another by heating conductors applied to a glassy substrate.
- the heating conductors consist of heating conductors applied to the substrate as enamel in the form of meshes using the screen printing process.
- the conductor tracks are arranged on the narrow side edges of the viewing window.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a long-lasting, extremely economically producible, flexible, heated viewing window which can be used in convertible passenger cars as a rear window which can be folded parallel to its longitudinal axis with a radius in the region of less than 20 mm.
- the rear window of a convertible is folded at least once, depending on the design of the soft top, or two or more times on some models.
- the viewing pane according to the invention can be folded parallel to its longitudinal axis with a very small radius.
- the use of a heating conductor made of fabric has the advantage that the heating conductor can be placed on the lower pane as a stable sheet-like structure and can be laminated in a heating and cooling process after the upper pane has been placed on it, without the heating conductor being attached significantly deformed.
- the heating conductor can be produced as a tape of any length in the width required for viewing panels and can be cut to length automatically with simple means.
- connection of the conductor tracks to the heating conductor takes place in that the conductor tracks on the two longitudinal edges of the heating conductor are woven with high electrical conductivity in the warp direction of the fabric.
- Each individual section of the fabric tape cut to length for a viewing window is provided with conductor tracks on its long sides from the outset without additional effort.
- heating conductors can be produced without waste by cutting to length obliquely to the longitudinal direction, so that two trapezoidal pieces are alternately obtained.
- the current flow in the weft direction between the lower and upper conductor tracks is guaranteed over the entire width of the longer lower conductor track in the area of the lateral edges, because the wires of the heating conductor, which are interrupted in the weft direction of the fabric at the oblique lateral edges, are through in the warp direction extending wires of the heating conductor with adjacent wires running parallel in the weft direction at the crossing points electrically connected.
- the woven heating conductor designed as a sheet-like structure, is therefore extremely insensitive and has a long service life. The heating power is evenly distributed over the entire visible surface so that the plastic used for the panes is not heated above 70 ° C.
- the conductor tracks Due to the arrangement of the conductor tracks on the longitudinal edges of the heating conductors, the conductor tracks are not folded when the viewing window is folded and are therefore not exposed to any risk of breakage.
- the conductor tracks have a high conductivity if they contain copper.
- a reaction of the material of the conductor tracks with the material of the disks is prevented by the introduction of a cover film made of plastic that is chemically resistant to the material of the conductor tracks. If this cover film is colored, for example black, and extends over the entire edge region of the viewing pane, a border of the viewing pane is achieved, as is currently the case on glass panes.
- a high conductivity of the conductor tracks on the longitudinal edges of the heating conductor is achieved if their wires are made of copper.
- the diameter of the conductor wires is preferably larger than that of the heating wires.
- the thickness of the fabric, including the conductor tracks, is advantageously reduced by rolling so that the conductor tracks are not applied.
- the conductor tracks are preferably covered with an acrylate film opposite the upper and lower soft polyvinyl chloride disks.
- the fabric is made of chrome-nickel wire less than 0.5 mm in diameter, preferably 0.05 mm in diameter with a Mesh size of less than 5 mm, preferably 0.5 mm, there is a complete connection of these disks within the mesh when the upper pane is laminated onto the lower pane, so that very good transparency is achieved.
- Excellent optical and electrical properties of the lens are achieved if the fabric has a different electrical conductivity in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction.
- This can be done, for example, by using wires of different thicknesses, by using wires of different material compositions, by arranging wire distances different in the warp and in the weft direction, a fabric with a mesh shape other than the right-angled one, or by using electrically non-conductive wires that run in particular in the warp direction or Fibers are reached so that the fabric is non-conductive in the longitudinal direction.
- the resistance of the heating conductor can be set so that the maximum operating voltage, in particular the voltage of 12 V common in motor vehicles, the temperature of 70 ° C is not exceeded.
- the resistance of the heating conductor can be increased by interrupting it at least once in the region of the visible surface transversely to the conductor tracks and one of the conductor tracks, so that at least two heating regions are formed. In this way, the heating conductor is divided into two or more resistance groups forming heating regions, each of which is connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner via one of the conductor tracks running through the edge section.
- the heating conductor in the area of the visible surface is interrupted several times transversely to the conductor tracks and alternately one of the conductor tracks is at least electrically insulating, so that the individual heating areas are electrically connected in series are switched, the resistance of the entire heating conductor can be easily adapted to the respective operating voltage. If an even number of the areas of the heating conductor are implemented, the electrical connections of the conductor tracks can each be made close to the lower outer edges of the viewing window.
- the rear window of a convertible is sewn into the material of the roof, so that it cannot be enclosed in a frame. Damage to the conductor tracks or the heating conductor and the occurrence of leakage currents are prevented if an edge region is provided on all sides that extends from the edges of the viewing window and is free of electrical conductors.
- the heating conductor 12 shows the arrangement of the heating conductor 12 on a lower pane 14 made of 0.5 mm thick soft polyvinyl chloride on a viewing pane 10 according to the invention in a first manufacturing step.
- the heating conductor 12 consists of a fabric 16 of 0.05 mm thick chrome-nickel wires and 0.5 mm mesh size in a square mesh shape.
- Parallel to the longitudinal edges of the viewing window 10, an upper conductor track 18 and a lower conductor track 20 are woven into the longitudinal edges of the heating conductor 12 from copper wires running in the warp direction of the fabric 16.
- the fabric 16 of the heating conductor is interrupted twice parallel to the weft direction of the fabric 16 over its entire width, so that three heating areas 22, 24, 26 are formed.
- the lower conductor track 20 is interrupted between the first heating area 22 and the second heating area 24.
- the upper conductor track 18 is interrupted between the second heating area 24 and the third heating area 26.
- the three heating areas 22, 24, 26 are electrically connected in series with one another via the continuous conductor track.
- An approximately 2 cm wide edge region 28 extending on all sides from the edges of the viewing window 10 is formed free of electrical conductors.
- the upper conductor track 18 has in the third heating area 26 towards the edge a short upper extension 30, to which a conventional connection element, not shown in the drawing, is attached.
- a corresponding lower extension 32 is provided on the lower conductor track 20 in the area of the first heating area 22.
- FIG. 2 shows the viewing pane 10 according to the invention in the finished state, an upper pane 15 made of 0.5 mm thick soft polyvinyl chloride being laminated onto the lower pane 14 and the heating conductor 12.
- the edge region 28 including the conductor tracks 18, 20 is covered with a cover film 34, which is shown colored in the left part of FIG. 2.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrisch beheizbare Sichtscheibe aufweisend je eine aus transparentem Polyvinylchlorid mit einer Dicke von weniger als 1 mm bestehende untere Scheibe und eine obere Scheibe zwischen denen unmittelbar ein flächenförmiger elektrischer Heizleiter angeordnet ist, welcher in gegenüberliegenden Randabschnitten je eine Leiterbahn aufweist.The invention relates to an electrically heatable viewing window, each having a lower window consisting of transparent polyvinyl chloride with a thickness of less than 1 mm, and an upper window between which a flat electrical heating conductor is arranged, each of which has a conductor track in opposite edge sections.
Derartige Sichtscheiben werden vorzugsweise für Kraftfahrzeuge, insbesondere für Heckscheiben verwendet. Mittels der elektrischen Heizung kann die Sichtscheibe erwärmt werden, um Beschlagen oder Vereisen der Oberflächen zu verhindern.Such viewing windows are preferably used for motor vehicles, in particular for rear windows. The lens can be heated by means of the electric heater to prevent fogging or icing of the surfaces.
In der FR-A-2 633 880 ist eine elektrisch beheizbare Sichtscheibe beschrieben, die je eine aus transparentem Polyvinylchlorid mit einer Dicke von weniger als 1 mm bestehende untere Scheibe und eine obere Scheibe aufweist, zwischen denen unmittelbar ein flächenförmiger elektrischer Heizleiter angeordnet ist, welcher in gegenüberliegenden Randabschnitten je eine Leiterbahn aufweist. Der Heizleiter ist in Form zahlreicher in Längsrichtung der Sichtscheibe parallel zueinander verlaufenden Drähten ausgeführt. Die Leiterbahnen sind an den schmalen Seitenrändern der Sichtscheibe angeordnet. Die Sichtscheibe ist biegsam ausgeführt, so daß sie bei geschlossenem Verdeck eine elegante und aerodynamisch günstige gewölbte Form und bei geöffnetem Verdeck eine flache Form annehmen kann. Die Heizleiter und die Leiterbahnen müssen für jede Sichtscheibe individuell hergestellt werden. Die Heizleiter können Drähte oder Bänder sein, vorzugsweise werden sie als leitfähige Paste im Siebdruckverfahren aufgebracht.FR-A-2 633 880 describes an electrically heatable viewing pane, each having a lower pane consisting of transparent polyvinyl chloride with a thickness of less than 1 mm and an upper pane, between which a flat electrical heating conductor is arranged, which has a conductor track in opposite edge sections. The heating conductor is designed in the form of numerous wires running parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the viewing window. The conductor tracks are arranged on the narrow side edges of the viewing window. The visor is flexible so that it can take on an elegant and aerodynamically favorable curved shape when the top is closed and a flat shape when the top is open. The heating conductors and the conductor tracks must be manufactured individually for each viewing window. The heating conductors can be wires or tapes; they are preferably applied as a conductive paste using the screen printing process.
In der DE-A 20 30 204 ist ein Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Metallfäden auf flächige Körper beschrieben, wobei Metallfäden mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Trägerstruktur zu einem flächigen Bauteil verbunden sind, und dieses als Schicht auf den flächigen Körper aufgebracht wird. Es handelst sich dabei in erster Linie um beheizbare Glasscheiben. Als isolierende Trägerstruktur wird eine Folie, ein Gewebe, Gewirk, Gestrick oder dergleichen aus isolierendem Material verwendet, und zur Herstellung des flächigen Bauteils werden Metallfäden auf diese Folie oder dergleichen aufgestickt, aufgenäht oder aufgeheftet. Das flächige Bauteil wird mit einer Kunststoffolie verbunden und diese auf den flächigen Körper aufgebracht. Zur Herstellung einer beheizbaren Scheibe wird das flächige Bauteil als Heizleitersystem zwischen zwei Glasscheiben angeordnet.DE-A 20 30 204 describes a method for applying metal threads to flat bodies, metal threads being connected to an electrically insulating support structure to form a flat component, and this is applied as a layer to the flat body. These are primarily heated glass panes. A film, a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or the like made of insulating material is used as the insulating support structure, and metal threads are embroidered, sewn or stitched onto this film or the like to produce the flat component. The flat component is connected with a plastic film and this is applied to the flat body. To produce a heatable pane, the flat component is arranged as a heat conductor system between two glass panes.
Aus der GB-A-2 091 528 ist eine elektrisch beheizbare Sichtscheibe mit voneinander beabstandeten elektrisch leitfähigen Leiterbahnen bekannt, die mit auf ein glasiges Substrat aufgebrachten Heizleitern miteinander verbunden sind. Die Heizleiter bestehen aus maschenartig auf das Substrat als Emaille in Form von Maschen im Siebdruckverfahren aufgebrachten Heizleitern. Die Leiterbahnen sind an den schmalen Seitenrändern der Sichtscheibe angeordnet.GB-A-2 091 528 discloses an electrically heatable viewing window with electrically conductive conductor tracks spaced apart from one another, which are connected to one another by heating conductors applied to a glassy substrate. The heating conductors consist of heating conductors applied to the substrate as enamel in the form of meshes using the screen printing process. The conductor tracks are arranged on the narrow side edges of the viewing window.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine langlebige äußerst wirtschaftlich herstellbare flexible beheizbare Sichtscheibe zu schaffen, die als parallel zu ihrer Längsachse mit einem Radius im Bereich von weniger als 20 mm faltbare Heckscheibe in Cabriolet-Personenkraftwagen verwendet werden kann. Die Heckscheibe eines Cabriolets wird je nach Konstruktion des Verdecks mindestens einmal, bei manchen Modellen auch zwei- oder mehrfach, gefaltet.The object of the present invention is to provide a long-lasting, extremely economically producible, flexible, heated viewing window which can be used in convertible passenger cars as a rear window which can be folded parallel to its longitudinal axis with a radius in the region of less than 20 mm. The rear window of a convertible is folded at least once, depending on the design of the soft top, or two or more times on some models.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is solved by the features of claim 1.
Aufgrund der Verwendung von Weich-Polyvinylchlorid mit einer Dicke von jeweils etwa 0,5 mm für die untere und die obere Scheibe ist die erfindungsgemäße Sichtscheibe parallel zu ihrer Längsachse mit einem sehr kleinen Radius faltbar.Due to the use of soft polyvinyl chloride with a thickness of about 0.5 mm each for the lower and the upper pane, the viewing pane according to the invention can be folded parallel to its longitudinal axis with a very small radius.
Die Verwendung eines aus Gewebe bestehenden Heizleiters hat den Vorteil, daß der Heizleiter bei der Herstellung als stabiles flächenförmiges Gebilde auf die untere Scheibe aufgelegt werden kann und nach Auflegen der oberen Scheibe in einem Heiz- und Kühlprozess einkaschiert werden kann, ohne daß sich der Heizleiter dabei nennenswert verformt. Der Heizleiters kann als Band in beliebiger Länge in der für Sichtscheiben erforderlichen Breite hergestellt und mit einfachen Mitteln automatisch abgelängt werden kann.The use of a heating conductor made of fabric has the advantage that the heating conductor can be placed on the lower pane as a stable sheet-like structure and can be laminated in a heating and cooling process after the upper pane has been placed on it, without the heating conductor being attached significantly deformed. The heating conductor can be produced as a tape of any length in the width required for viewing panels and can be cut to length automatically with simple means.
Die Verbindung der Leiterbahnen mit dem Heizleiter erfolgt dadurch, daß die Leiterbahnen an den beiden Längsrändern des Heizleiters in Kettrichtung des Gewebes verlaufende Drähte mit hoher elektrischer Leitfähigkeit eingewebt sind. Jeder einzelne für eine Sichtscheibe abgelängte Abschnitt des Gewebe-Bandes ist ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand von vornherein an seinen Längsseiten mit Leiterbahnen versehen.The connection of the conductor tracks to the heating conductor takes place in that the conductor tracks on the two longitudinal edges of the heating conductor are woven with high electrical conductivity in the warp direction of the fabric. Each individual section of the fabric tape cut to length for a viewing window is provided with conductor tracks on its long sides from the outset without additional effort.
Für heute im Automobilbau übliche trapezförmige Sichtscheiben können Heizleiter ohne Verschnitt hergestellt werden, indem das Ablängen schräg zur Längsrichtung erfolgt, so daß abwechselnd zwei trapezförmige Stücke erhalten werden.For trapezoidal viewing panels common today in automobile construction, heating conductors can be produced without waste by cutting to length obliquely to the longitudinal direction, so that two trapezoidal pieces are alternately obtained.
Unabhängig vom Basiswinkel des Trapezes ist im Bereich der seitlichen Ränder der in Schußrichtung verlaufende Stromfluß zwischen unterer und oberer Leiterbahn über die gesamte Breite der längeren unteren Leiterbahn gewährleistet, denn die in Schußrichtung des Gewebes an den schrägen seitlichen Rändern unterbrochenen Drähte des Heizleiters sind durch in Kettrichtung verlaufende Drähte des Heizleiters mit benachbarten in Schußrichtung parallel verlaufenden Drähten an den Kreuzungspunkten elektrisch leitend verbunden. Auch ein eventuell gebrochener in Schußrichtung verlaufender Draht wird nicht über seine gesamte Länge stromlos und verliert dadurch seine Heizwirkung, sondern die defekte Stelle hat praktisch keine Auswirkung auf die Funktion der Heizung, weil der Strom über in Kettrichtung verlaufende Drähte und benachbarte in Schußrichtung parallel verlaufende Drähte fließt. Der als flächenförmiges Gebilde ausgeführte gewebte Heizleiter ist daher äußerst unempfindlich und hat eine lange Lebensdauer. Die Heizleistung ist gleichmäßig auf die gesamte Sichtfläche verteilt, so daß der verwendete Kunststoff der Scheiben nicht über 70°C erwärmt wird.Regardless of the base angle of the trapezoid, the current flow in the weft direction between the lower and upper conductor tracks is guaranteed over the entire width of the longer lower conductor track in the area of the lateral edges, because the wires of the heating conductor, which are interrupted in the weft direction of the fabric at the oblique lateral edges, are through in the warp direction extending wires of the heating conductor with adjacent wires running parallel in the weft direction at the crossing points electrically connected. Even a broken wire running in the weft direction is not de-energized over its entire length and thus loses its heating effect, but the defective point has practically no effect on the function of the heating, because the current via wires running in the warp direction and neighboring wires running parallel in the weft direction flows. The woven heating conductor, designed as a sheet-like structure, is therefore extremely insensitive and has a long service life. The heating power is evenly distributed over the entire visible surface so that the plastic used for the panes is not heated above 70 ° C.
Aufgrund der Anordnung der Leiterbahnen an den Längsrändern der Heizleiter werden die Leiterbahnen beim Falten der Sichtscheibe nicht mitgefaltet und sind daher keiner Bruchgefahr ausgesetzt.Due to the arrangement of the conductor tracks on the longitudinal edges of the heating conductors, the conductor tracks are not folded when the viewing window is folded and are therefore not exposed to any risk of breakage.
Die Leiterbahnen besitzen eine hohe Leitfähigkeit, wenn sie Kupfer enthalten. Eine Reaktion des Materials der Leiterbahnen mit dem Material der Scheiben wird durch das Einbringen einer Abdeckfolie aus gegenüber dem Material der Leiterbahnen chemisch beständigem Kunststoff verhindert. Wenn diese Abdeckfolie eingefärbt ist, beispielsweise schwarz, und sich über den gesamten Randbereich der Sichtscheibe erstreckt, so wird eine Umrandung der Sichtscheibe erreicht, wie sie auch an Glasscheiben derzeit üblich ist.The conductor tracks have a high conductivity if they contain copper. A reaction of the material of the conductor tracks with the material of the disks is prevented by the introduction of a cover film made of plastic that is chemically resistant to the material of the conductor tracks. If this cover film is colored, for example black, and extends over the entire edge region of the viewing pane, a border of the viewing pane is achieved, as is currently the case on glass panes.
Eine hohe Leitfähigkeit der Leiterbahnen an den Längsrändern des Heizleiters wird erreicht, wenn deren Drähte aus Kupfer bestehen. Vorzugsweise ist der Durchmesser der Leiterbahndrähte größer als derjenige der Heizdrähte. Das Gewebe einschließlich der Leiterbahnen wird vorteilhafterweise durch Walzen in seiner Dicke reduziert, so daß die Leiterbahnen nicht auftragen. Zur Vermeidung einer im Laufe der Zeit eintretenden Reaktion von Kupfer mit Polyvinylchlorid sind die Leiterbahnen gegenüber der oberen und der unteren Weich-Polyvinylchlorid-Scheibe vorzugsweise mit einer Acrylatfolie abgedeckt.A high conductivity of the conductor tracks on the longitudinal edges of the heating conductor is achieved if their wires are made of copper. The diameter of the conductor wires is preferably larger than that of the heating wires. The thickness of the fabric, including the conductor tracks, is advantageously reduced by rolling so that the conductor tracks are not applied. To avoid a reaction of copper with polyvinyl chloride that occurs over time, the conductor tracks are preferably covered with an acrylate film opposite the upper and lower soft polyvinyl chloride disks.
Es wird empfohlen als Heizleiter dünne Widerstandsdrähte aus einer Chrom-Nickel-Legierung zu verwenden.It is recommended to use thin resistance wires made of a chrome-nickel alloy as the heating conductor.
Wenn das Gewebe aus Chrom-Nickel-Draht von weniger als 0,5 mm Durchmesser, vorzugsweise von 0,05 mm Durchmesser mit einer Maschenweite von weniger als 5 mm, vorzugsweise von 0,5 mm besteht, erfolgt innerhalb der Maschen beim Aufkaschieren der oberen auf die untere Scheibe eine vollständige Verbindung dieser Scheiben, so daß eine sehr gute Transparenz erreicht wird.If the fabric is made of chrome-nickel wire less than 0.5 mm in diameter, preferably 0.05 mm in diameter with a Mesh size of less than 5 mm, preferably 0.5 mm, there is a complete connection of these disks within the mesh when the upper pane is laminated onto the lower pane, so that very good transparency is achieved.
Hervorragende optische und elektrische Eigenschaften der Sichtscheibe werden erreicht, wenn das Gewebe in Längsrichtung eine andere elektrische Leitfähigkeit als in Querrichtung aufweist. Die kann beispielsweise durch Verwendung unterschiedlich dicker Drähte, durch Verwendung von Drähten unterschiedlicher Materialzusammensetzung, Anordnung von in Kett- und in Schußrichtung unterschiedlichen Drahtabständen, ein Gewebe mit einer anderen als der rechtwinkligen Maschenform oder auch durch Verwendung von insbesondere in Kettrichtung verlaufenden elektrisch nichtleitenden Drähten bzw. Fasern erreicht werden, so daß das Gewebe in Längsrichtung nichtleitend ist.Excellent optical and electrical properties of the lens are achieved if the fabric has a different electrical conductivity in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction. This can be done, for example, by using wires of different thicknesses, by using wires of different material compositions, by arranging wire distances different in the warp and in the weft direction, a fabric with a mesh shape other than the right-angled one, or by using electrically non-conductive wires that run in particular in the warp direction or Fibers are reached so that the fabric is non-conductive in the longitudinal direction.
Um eine Überhitzung infolge zu hoher Heizleistung und/oder den Einbau einer elektrischen Regeleinrichtung zu vermeiden, ist es empfehlenswert, den Widerstand des Heizleiters so einzustellen, daß bei der maximalen Betriebsspannung, insbesondere der in Kraftfahrzeugen üblichen Spannung von 12 V, die Temperatur von 70°C nicht überschritten wird. Der Widerstand des Heizleiters kann dadurch erhöht werden, daß dieser im Bereich der Sichtfläche zumindest einmal quer zu den Leiterbahnen sowie eine der Leiterbahnen zumindest elektrisch isolierend unterbrochen ist, so daß zumindest zwei Heizbereiche gebildet sind. Auf diese Weise wird der Heizleiter in zwei oder mehr Heizbereiche bildende Widerstandsgruppen unterteilt, die jeweils über eine der im Randabschnitt durchlaufenden Leiterbahnen elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden sind.In order to avoid overheating due to excessive heating power and / or the installation of an electrical control device, it is advisable to set the resistance of the heating conductor so that the maximum operating voltage, in particular the voltage of 12 V common in motor vehicles, the temperature of 70 ° C is not exceeded. The resistance of the heating conductor can be increased by interrupting it at least once in the region of the visible surface transversely to the conductor tracks and one of the conductor tracks, so that at least two heating regions are formed. In this way, the heating conductor is divided into two or more resistance groups forming heating regions, each of which is connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner via one of the conductor tracks running through the edge section.
Wenn der Heizleiter im Bereich der Sichtfläche mehrfach quer zu den Leiterbahnen sowie abwechselnd jeweils eine der Leiterbahnen zumindest elektrisch isolierend unterbrochenen ist, so daß die einzelnen Heizbereiche elektrisch in Serie geschaltet sind, kann der Widerstand des gesamten Heizleiters in einfacher Weise der jeweiligen Betriebsspannung angepaßt werden. Wird eine gerade Anzahl der Bereiche des Heizleiters ausgeführt, so können die elektrischen Anschlüsse der Leiterbahnen jeweils nahe den unteren äußeren Rändern der Sichtscheibe angebracht werden.If the heating conductor in the area of the visible surface is interrupted several times transversely to the conductor tracks and alternately one of the conductor tracks is at least electrically insulating, so that the individual heating areas are electrically connected in series are switched, the resistance of the entire heating conductor can be easily adapted to the respective operating voltage. If an even number of the areas of the heating conductor are implemented, the electrical connections of the conductor tracks can each be made close to the lower outer edges of the viewing window.
Üblicherweise wird die Heckscheibe eines Cabriolets in das Material des Daches eingenäht, so daß die Einfassung in einen Rahmen nicht möglich ist. Eine von Verletzung der Leiterbahnen bzw. des Heizleiters sowie das Auftreten von Kriechströmen wird verhindert, wenn ein allseitig von den Rändern der Sichtscheibe ausgehender Randbereich vorgesehen ist, der frei von elektrischen Leitern ausgebildet ist.Usually, the rear window of a convertible is sewn into the material of the roof, so that it cannot be enclosed in a frame. Injury to the conductor tracks or the heating conductor and the occurrence of leakage currents are prevented if an edge region is provided on all sides that extends from the edges of the viewing window and is free of electrical conductors.
In der Zeichnung ist ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt, das im folgenden näher erläutert wird.In the drawing, a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, which is explained in more detail below.
Es zeigt
- Fig. 1
- in der Draufsicht die Anordnung eines Heizleiters auf einer unteren Scheibe einer erfindungsgemäßen Sichtscheibe und
- Fig. 2
- die Sichtscheibe aus Figur 1 in der Draufsicht mit teilweise eingefärbt dargestellter Abdeckfolie.
- Fig. 1
- in plan view the arrangement of a heating conductor on a lower pane of a viewing pane according to the invention and
- Fig. 2
- the viewing window of Figure 1 in plan view with a partially colored cover film.
In Figur 1 ist an einer erfindungsgemäßen Sichtscheibe 10 in einem ersten Fertigungsschritt die Anordnung des Heizleiters 12 auf einer unteren Scheibe 14 aus 0,5 mm dickem Weich-Polyvinylchlorid dargestellt. Der Heizleiter 12 besteht aus einem Gewebe 16 von 0,05 mm dicken Chrom-Nickel-Drähten und 0,5 mm Maschenweite in quadratischer Maschenform. Parallel zu den Längsrändern der Sichtscheibe 10 ist an den Längsrändern des Heizleiters 12 je eine obere Leiterbahn 18 und eine untere Leiterbahn 20 aus in Kettrichtung des Gewebes 16 verlaufenden Kupferdrähten eingewebt.1 shows the arrangement of the
Das Gewebe 16 des Heizleiters ist zweimal parallel zur Schußrichtung des Gewebes 16 über dessen gesamte Breite unterbrochen, so daß drei Heizbereiche 22, 24, 26 entstehen. Zwischen dem ersten Heizbereich 22 und dem zweiten Heizbereich 24 ist die untere Leiterbahn 20 unterbrochen. Die obere Leiterbahn 18 ist zwischen dem zweiten Heizbereich 24 und dem dritten Heizbereich 26 unterbrochen. Über die jeweils durchgehende Leiterbahn sind die drei Heizbereiche 22, 24, 26 in Serienschaltung elektrisch miteinander verbunden.The
Ein allseitig von den Rändern der Sichtscheibe 10 ausgehender etwa 2 cm breiter Randbereich 28 ist frei von elektrischen Leitern ausgebildet. Die obere Leiterbahn 18 besitzt im dritten Heizbereich 26 zum Rand hin eine kurze obere Verlängerung 30, an der ein in der Zeichnung nicht dargestelltes übliches Anschlußelement angebracht ist. Eine entsprechende untere Verlängerung 32 ist an der unteren Leiterbahn 20 im Bereich des ersten Heizbereichs 22 vorgesehen.An approximately 2 cm
In Figur 2 ist die erfindungsgemäße Sichtscheibe 10 in fertigem Zustand dargestellt, wobei eine obere Scheibe 15 aus 0,5 mm dickem Weich-Polyvinylchlorid auf die untere Scheibe 14 und den Heizleiter 12 aufkaschiert ist. Der Randbereich 28 einschließlich der Leiterbahnen 18, 20 ist mit einer Abdeckfolie 34 abgedeckt, die im linken Teil der Figur 2 eingefärbt dargestellt ist.FIG. 2 shows the
Claims (7)
- Electrically heated windscreen (10) showing respectively one lower pane (14) of transparent PVC with a thickness under 1 mm and one upper pane (15) between which panes an electrical panel-shaped heating conductor (12) is directly arranged which shows respectively one strip conductor (18, 20) in the opposite edge sections,
characterized therein that
the lower pane (14) and the upper pane (15) consist of plasticized PVC with a thickness of about 0,5 mm respectively, in that the heating conductor (12) is a web (16) structure with a mesh aperture width lower than 5 mm, in that the wires extending as conductor strips (18, 20) on both longitudinal edges of the heating conductor (12) in the warp direction of the web (16) are worked in with a high electrical conducting capacity, in that the wires of the conductor strips (18, 20) contain copper and that the conductor strips (18, 20) are covered with a covering foil (34) of chemically resistant plastics compared with the material of the strip conductors (18, 20). - Windscreen according to claim 1,
characterized therein that
the covering foil (34) is of acrylate. - Windscreen according to one the claims 1 to 2,
characterized therein that
the web structure (16) of the heating conductor (12) consists of a chrome nickel wire with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm, preferably with a diameter of 0.05 mm and a mesh aperture width of 0,5 mm. - Windscreen according to one the claims 1 to 3,
characterized therein that
the web structure (16) shows a different electrical conducting capacity in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction. - Windscreen according to one of the above claims,
characterized therein that
in the area of visibiliy, the web structure (16) of the heating conductor (12) is interrupted at least once, transversely to the strip conductors (18, 20), as well as one of the strip conductors (18, 20) at least electrically isolating, so that at least two heating areas (22, 24) are built. - Windscreen according to claim 5,
characterized therein that
in the area of visibiliy, the web structure (16) of the heating conductor is interrupted several times transversely to the strip conductors (18, 20) as well as, alternately, repectively one of the strip conductors (18, 20) at least electrically isolating, so that the separate heating areas (22, 24, 26) are switched in series. - Windscreen according to one of the above claims,
characterized therein that
an edge area (28) extending from the edges of the windscreen (10) on all sides is provided, which is free from electrical conductors.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4121102A DE4121102A1 (en) | 1991-06-26 | 1991-06-26 | ELECTRICALLY HEATED LENS |
| DE4121102 | 1991-06-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0520353A1 EP0520353A1 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
| EP0520353B1 true EP0520353B1 (en) | 1995-07-05 |
Family
ID=6434789
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92110478A Expired - Lifetime EP0520353B1 (en) | 1991-06-26 | 1992-06-22 | Electrical heated windscreen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0520353B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH081827B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4121102A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2075542T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4301789C2 (en) * | 1993-01-23 | 1995-06-14 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Electrically heated glass pane |
| US5824993A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1998-10-20 | Ford Motor Company | Arrangement for heating an automobile glazing unit |
| TW340944B (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 1998-09-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Resistor and method of making the same |
| DE19819900A1 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 1999-11-11 | Thermal Quarz Schmelze Gmbh | Infrared radiator element |
| DE29817980U1 (en) * | 1998-10-08 | 2000-02-17 | Karmann Gmbh W | Rear window and its attachment to the convertible top cover of a convertible vehicle |
| JP3524521B2 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2004-05-10 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Passage protection case structure for rear glass for convertible top |
| JP2009272302A (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-11-19 | Fujifilm Corp | Heating element |
| EP2264360A4 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2015-11-25 | Fujifilm Corp | Front cover for vehicle lighting fixture, method of manufacturing the front cover, and electric heating structure |
| JP6123625B2 (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2017-05-10 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Planar heating element for window and window for vehicle |
| JP6759764B2 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2020-09-23 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Energized heating panel and vehicle |
| JP2019160800A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-09-19 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Heating electrode device and electrically heated glass |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE900119C (en) * | 1941-04-04 | 1953-12-21 | Walther Bethge | Process for the production of electrically heatable arrangements, especially heating foils, for cooking appliances and the like. like |
| BE634939A (en) * | 1962-07-16 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| DE6807563U (en) * | 1968-11-19 | 1969-11-27 | Robert Hugo Steger | SELF-ADHESIVE CAR WINDOW CLEAR VIEW HEATING WINDOW MADE OF A TWO-COMPONENT POLYESTER RESIN MATERIAL WITH PRINTED OR. APPLIED HEATING LADDERS. |
| BE789359A (en) * | 1971-09-28 | 1973-03-27 | Saint Gobain | ELECTRICALLY HEATED GLAZING |
| GB2091528B (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1984-11-07 | Boussois Sa | Heatable panels |
| DE3124138C2 (en) * | 1981-06-19 | 1986-11-20 | VEGLA Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH, 5100 Aachen | Method for installing and removing a pane of glass which can be glued into the frame of a vehicle body, and a pane of glass for carrying out the method |
| GB8431894D0 (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1985-01-30 | Pilkington Brothers Plc | Laminated windows for vehicles |
| FR2633880B1 (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1993-10-08 | Asc Inc | COMPOSITE HEATED REAR WINDOW, ESPECIALLY FOR CONVERTIBLE AUTOMOBILES |
| DE4019357C1 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-08-01 | G. Bopp & Co Ag, Zuerich, Ch | Flexible, electrically heatable, transparent panel - has heating grid embedded in sheet of thermoplastic material suitable for rear window of convertible car |
-
1991
- 1991-06-26 DE DE4121102A patent/DE4121102A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1992
- 1992-06-22 EP EP92110478A patent/EP0520353B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-22 DE DE59202793T patent/DE59202793D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-22 ES ES92110478T patent/ES2075542T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-25 JP JP4167948A patent/JPH081827B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH081827B2 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
| DE59202793D1 (en) | 1995-08-10 |
| DE4121102A1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
| JPH05205859A (en) | 1993-08-13 |
| EP0520353A1 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
| ES2075542T3 (en) | 1995-10-01 |
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