EP0519363A1 - Method and apparatus for applying striped coating of viscous material - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for applying striped coating of viscous material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519363A1
EP0519363A1 EP92110009A EP92110009A EP0519363A1 EP 0519363 A1 EP0519363 A1 EP 0519363A1 EP 92110009 A EP92110009 A EP 92110009A EP 92110009 A EP92110009 A EP 92110009A EP 0519363 A1 EP0519363 A1 EP 0519363A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
application
nozzle
strand
guide channels
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Granted
Application number
EP92110009A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0519363B1 (en
Inventor
Ralf Ludwig
Robert Murray
Wolfgang Rosteck
Heinz Wessel
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Graco Verfahrenstechnik GmbH
Boellhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH
Ford Werke GmbH
Original Assignee
Graco Verfahrenstechnik GmbH
Boellhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH
Ford Werke GmbH
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Publication of EP0519363A1 publication Critical patent/EP0519363A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0406—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the strip-shaped application of viscous material to the surface of a workpiece, whereby the application device and the workpiece are moved relative to one another, the material exits under pressure as a thread-like strand from a material nozzle and the strand circumference is acted upon by compressed gas, which is the point of application is supplied with axial and radial flow component, as well as on a device for the strip-shaped application of viscous material to the surface of a workpiece, with a central material nozzle connected to a material connection and with a gas supply system, which has a distribution annulus connected to a gas connection and the die Has outlet channel surrounding material nozzle with walls tapering in the axial flow direction towards the center.
  • a viscous material is understood to mean that which, under operating conditions, is not atomized finely by the compressed gas, but rather maintains the strand shape at least in sections during application. In general, they are materials that have a viscosity of more than 100 cSt. Typical examples of this are applying strips of adhesive or sealing material. To set a desired viscosity, the material can be heated or provided with a solvent additive.
  • a corresponding configuration of the material nozzle and gas supply system ensures that the thread-like material strand is given a swirl movement, so that it is deposited on the surface in a plurality of adjacent arcs.
  • the air used as gas is fed through an approximately axially parallel bore to a distributor annulus, from which the gas outlet duct immediately branches off.
  • the swirl movement can be achieved in various ways, for example in that the bore serving for the supply of gas or the supply of material is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis or that the material nozzle and the outlet channel for the gas are arranged asymmetrically to one another.
  • the strand is deposited in arcs of the same diameter.
  • the edges of the strip have a greater height than the central region. If the strip is brought into contact with a second surface, the contact surface is limited to the edge regions of the strip, which is undesirable both for gluing and for sealing.
  • the amount of material that can be applied per unit of time is very limited. This is particularly noticeable with larger strip thicknesses, such as are required for a seal. If you increase the application quantity above the specified limit value, the streak area is contaminated by material particles.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the strip application, in particular with regard to the strip cross section and / or the application speed.
  • this object is achieved in that the pressurized gas is fed to the application point in such a way that a tangential flow component is suppressed.
  • the compressed gas is aligned before it hits the strand so that the tangential flow component responsible for the swirl essentially disappears.
  • the thread-like strand is therefore no longer loaded by centrifugal forces and is constantly deposited in circular arcs of the same size, but rather the deflection from the central position occurs due to the instabilities in the compressed gas supplied. Circular movements can also occur here.
  • the circle diameter is not always the same as the strip width, there is a material overlay, which ultimately leads to a strip with a uniform thickness. The entire strip surface is therefore available as a contact surface for the respective application.
  • the thread-like strand was constricted both by the compressed air acting on it and by the twisting of the strand around its own axis. If one increased the material supply and necessarily also the gas supply, this resulted in a drill dilution so strong that the strand broke off. The torn off strand parts were thrown outwards by the centrifugal force, where they interfered as impurities.
  • material pressure and gas pressure can be very significant increase.
  • the limit at which strand sections tear off is much higher due to the lack of swirl.
  • the application speed can therefore be increased significantly without fear of pollution of the surroundings.
  • the method is therefore particularly suitable for the application of thick strips, but also for the faster application of thin strips.
  • a preferred solution provides that the compressed gas is divided into a plurality of sub-streams after an annular distribution, each of which is directed and brought together again only shortly before the application.
  • the partial streams that are directed for themselves maintain their direction until they are applied.
  • three partial flows fed with a uniform circumferential spacing are sufficient to keep the strand in a safe central position when it is loaded.
  • the gas-encased strand is expediently constricted shortly after being loaded.
  • the compressed air spreads out as a cone behind the constriction point. It forms a shell that prevents individual sections of the strand from being flung away.
  • the constriction itself is the hinge point around which the strand performs its initial wobble or twist.
  • the compressed gas can be supplied with a pulsating pressure. This can be used to influence the distribution of the material in the strip.
  • the solution according to the invention is that guide channels which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are arranged between the distributor annular space and the outlet channel and give the partial streams passing through a direction free of tangential components.
  • the partial flows emerging from the guide channels maintain their direction free of tangential components up to the point of application.
  • the guide channels can run parallel to the material nozzle axis. This results in a very handy construction, because the distance between the material nozzle axis and guide channels can be kept small.
  • a material tube carrying the material nozzle is enclosed by an outer tube and that the guide channels are designed as axial grooves on the cylindrical separating surface of the two tubes. It is only necessary to mill the axial grooves in one tube and to cover them with the other tube.
  • the distributor annulus is formed by a peripheral recess on the cylindrical separating surface of the two pipes.
  • the axial grooves are provided on the material tube and the peripheral recess on the outer tube.
  • the length of the guide channels should be at least 3 times the diameter on which they are arranged. This leads to a sufficient alignment of the partial gas flows.
  • At least one gas connection connects laterally and in particular radially to the distributor annulus.
  • the distributor annulus serves to calm the radially supplied compressed gas. Any tangential component is suppressed by the subsequent guide channels.
  • annular cross section of the outlet channel is approximately constant over its length. The gas then maintains its flow rate.
  • the outlet channel opens out particularly advantageously between the material nozzle and an outlet nozzle which has a larger cross section than the material nozzle.
  • This outlet nozzle serves to constrict the gas-coated strand and gives the advantages mentioned above.
  • the 1 to 3 has a material tube 1 with a material channel 2, which connects a material connection 3 with a material nozzle 4.
  • the outer circumference of the material tube 1 has six axial grooves 5 arranged at the same circumferential spacing, which are covered by the inner circumference of a pushed-on outer tube 6 and therefore form guide channels 7 running parallel to the material nozzle axis.
  • a circumferential recess 8 is provided, which is provided with a radial compressed gas connection 9, via which compressed air is supplied, and is covered by the outside of the material tube 1 and therefore forms a distributor annulus 10.
  • the two tubes 1 and 6 are fastened to a connecting body 13 via threads 11 and 12, respectively.
  • a cap 14 is screwed onto the outer tube 6 by means of a thread 15. It has an outlet nozzle 16 which has a slightly larger diameter than the material nozzle 4. Between the cap 14 and the material tube 1 there is an outlet channel 17 for the compressed air. This outlet channel is delimited by two conical walls 18 and 19, one of which is formed on the end face of the material tube 1 and the other on the back of the cap 14.
  • viscous material is supplied via the material connection 3 and the material channel 2. It emerges as a thread-like strand from the material nozzle 4.
  • Compressed air is supplied via the compressed air connection 9, the distributor annulus 10 and the guide channels 7 parallel to the material nozzle axis 4.
  • Partial flows of compressed air are ultimately aligned axially parallel in these guide channels. They are deflected radially inwards in the outlet channel 17 and strike the periphery of the thread-like strand at an application point 20, the direction of application being practically free of a tangential flow component, based on the axis of the material nozzle 4. Insofar as the subdivision into partial flows in the circumferential direction causes certain irregularities in the loading, these are harmless because they load the line symmetrically.
  • the strand and the compressed gas enveloping it occur through the outlet nozzle 16.
  • the strand is constricted and thinned by the application and the narrowing. Outside the outlet nozzle 16, the compressed gas expands as a guide cone. As a result of the instabilities that are always present, the strand wobbles and circles within the guide cone until it strikes the surface (not shown).
  • the air pressure may even be chosen so high that the strand tears into sections because these remain within the guide cone of the compressed air.
  • a large range of material pressures for example from 2 to 60 bar, and a large range of gas pressures, for example from 0.2 to 5 bar, can therefore be used. It is recommended to keep the gas pressure lower than the material pressure.
  • Fig. 4 shows the conditions for gas supply with a tangential component.
  • the material is deposited in the form of a narrow ring 21, which corresponds to the distribution 22.
  • the annular deposit is superimposed, which corresponds to a strip cross section 23. If one were to ensure that circular patterns 24 were deposited in accordance with the uniform distribution 25, the strip cross-section 26 would result.
  • the desired job lies between the two extremes.
  • the order pattern 27 has, for example, the distribution 28, according to which there is a slight order in the middle and a stronger order further out. In the optimal case, this leads to the uniform strip cross section 29 of FIG. 5 due to the integration effect of the movement component P. In any case, the shape of the cross section lies between the shapes of the extreme cross sections 23 and 26.
  • the outlet nozzle can be adjusted axially relative to the material nozzle 4. This changes the angle of the guide cone.
  • the application form is ensured over a larger area of the distance between the application device 1 and the surface to be coated. You can therefore choose the distance in any case so that contamination of the cap 14 is avoided by rebounding material.
  • the gas connection 9 can be arranged in the connection body 13.
  • the gas can also be supplied in a heated state.

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  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

In a method and a device for applying viscous material in strips to the surface of a workpiece, it is ensured, with relative movement between application device and workpiece, that the material emerges as a thread-shaped strip from a material nozzle (4) and is acted on by compressed air at the circumference of the strip. This compressed air is fed directed to the impingement point (20) in such a way that a tangential flow component is suppressed. This takes place in particular as a result of the fact that guide channels (7) are arranged between a distributor annular space (10) and an outlet channel (17) with walls (18, 19) which taper towards the centre, the said channels (7) giving the subcurrents of air passing through it a direction which is free of tangential components. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum streifenförmigen Auftragen von viskosem Material auf die Oberfläche eines Werkstücks, wobei Auftragsvorrichtung und Werktstück relativ zueinander bewegt werden, das Material unter Druck als fadenförmiger Strang aus einer Materialdüse austritt und der Strangumfang von Druckgas beaufschlagt wird, das der Beaufschlagungsstelle mit axialer und radialer Strömungskomponente zugeführt wird, sowie auf eine Vorrichtung zum streifenförmigen Auftragen von viskosem Material auf die Oberfläche eines Werkstücks, mit einer mit einem Materialanschluß verbundenen, zentralen Materialdüse und mit einem Gaszufuhrsystem, das einen mit einem Gasanschluß verbundenen Verteiler-Ringraum und einen die Materialdüse umgebenden Austrittskanal mit sich in axialer Strömungsrichtung zum Zentrum hin verjüngenden Wänden aufweist.The invention relates to a method for the strip-shaped application of viscous material to the surface of a workpiece, whereby the application device and the workpiece are moved relative to one another, the material exits under pressure as a thread-like strand from a material nozzle and the strand circumference is acted upon by compressed gas, which is the point of application is supplied with axial and radial flow component, as well as on a device for the strip-shaped application of viscous material to the surface of a workpiece, with a central material nozzle connected to a material connection and with a gas supply system, which has a distribution annulus connected to a gas connection and the die Has outlet channel surrounding material nozzle with walls tapering in the axial flow direction towards the center.

Als viskoses Material wird solches verstanden, das unter Betriebsbedingungen vom Druckgas nicht fein zerstäubt wird, sondern beim Auftragen zumindest abschnittsweise die Strangform beibehält. Im allgemeinen handelt es sich um Materialien, die eine Viskosität von mehr als 100 cSt besitzen. Typische Beispiele hierfür sind das Auftragen von Streifen aus Klebstoff oder Dichtungsmaterial. Zur Einstellung einer gewünschten Viskosität kann das Material erwärmt oder mit einem Lösungsmittelzusatz versehen sein.A viscous material is understood to mean that which, under operating conditions, is not atomized finely by the compressed gas, but rather maintains the strand shape at least in sections during application. In general, they are materials that have a viscosity of more than 100 cSt. Typical examples of this are applying strips of adhesive or sealing material. To set a desired viscosity, the material can be heated or provided with a solvent additive.

Aus US-PS 4 995 333 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem einleitenden Absatz bekannt. Hier wird durch eine entsprechende Konfiguration von Materialdüse und Gaszufuhrsystem dafür gesorgt, daß der fadenförmige Materialstrang eine Drallbewegung erteilt bekommt, so daß er in einer Vielzahl aneinander anschließenden Kreisbögen auf der Oberfläche abgelegt wird. Die als Gas verwendete Luft wird über eine etwa achsparallele Bohrung einem Verteilerringraum zugeführt, von dem der Gas-Austrittskanal unmittelbar abgeht. Die Drallbewegung kann auf verschiedene Weise erzielt werden, beispielsweise dadurch, daß die der Gaszufuhr oder der Materialzufuhr dienende Bohrung gegenüber der Längsachse geneigt sind oder daß die Materialdüse und der Austrittskanal für das Gas asymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet sind.From US-PS 4 995 333 a method and a device according to the introductory paragraph is known. Here, a corresponding configuration of the material nozzle and gas supply system ensures that the thread-like material strand is given a swirl movement, so that it is deposited on the surface in a plurality of adjacent arcs. The air used as gas is fed through an approximately axially parallel bore to a distributor annulus, from which the gas outlet duct immediately branches off. The swirl movement can be achieved in various ways, for example in that the bore serving for the supply of gas or the supply of material is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis or that the material nozzle and the outlet channel for the gas are arranged asymmetrically to one another.

Infolge der Drallbewegung wird der Strang in Kreisbögen jeweils gleichen Durchmessers abgelegt. Das bedeutet bei einem durchgehenden Streifen, bei dem die Kreise mit enger Überlappung gelegt werden müssen, daß die Ränder des Streifens eine größere Höhe haben als der Mittelbereich. Wird der Streifen mit einer zweiten Fläche in Berührung gebracht, beschränkt sich die Berührungsfläche auf die Randbereiche des Streifens, was sowohl beim Kleben als auch beim Dichten unerwünscht ist. Außerdem ist die pro Zeiteinheit auftragbare Materialmenge sehr begrenzt. Dies macht sich insbesondere bei größeren Streifendicken bemerkbar, wie sie für eine Dichtung benötigt werden. Steigert man die Auftragsmenge über den genannten Grenzwert hinweg, wird die Streifenumgebung von Materialteilchen verschmutzt.As a result of the swirl movement, the strand is deposited in arcs of the same diameter. In the case of a continuous strip, in which the circles must be placed with a tight overlap, the edges of the strip have a greater height than the central region. If the strip is brought into contact with a second surface, the contact surface is limited to the edge regions of the strip, which is undesirable both for gluing and for sealing. In addition, the amount of material that can be applied per unit of time is very limited. This is particularly noticeable with larger strip thicknesses, such as are required for a seal. If you increase the application quantity above the specified limit value, the streak area is contaminated by material particles.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Streifenauftrag zu verbessern, insbesondere hinsichtlich des Streifenquerschnitts und/oder der Auftragsgeschwindigkeit.The object of the invention is to improve the strip application, in particular with regard to the strip cross section and / or the application speed.

Diese Aufgabe wird verfahrensgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Druckgas der Beaufschlagungsstelle derart gerichtet zugeführt wird, daß eine tangentiale Strömungskomponente unterdrückt ist.According to the method, this object is achieved in that the pressurized gas is fed to the application point in such a way that a tangential flow component is suppressed.

Bei diesem Vorgehen wird das Druckgas, bevor es den Strang beaufschlagt, so ausgerichtet, daß die für den Drall verantwortliche tangentiale Strömungskomponente im wesentlichen fortfällt. Der fadenförmige Strang wird daher nicht mehr durch Zentrifugalkräfte belastet und ständig in gleich großen Kreisbögen abgelegt, sondern die Auslenkung aus der Mittellage erfolgt aufgrund von immer vorhandenen Instabilitäten in dem zugeführten Druckgas. Hierbei können zwar auch Kreisbewegungen auftreten. Da der Kreisdurchmesser aber nicht immer gleich der Streifenbreite ist, ergibt sich eine Materialüberlagerung, die im Endeffekt zu einem Streifen mit vergleichmäßigter Dicke führt. Bei der jeweiligen Anwendung steht daher die gesamte Streifenoberfläche als Kontaktfläche zur Verfügung.In this procedure, the compressed gas is aligned before it hits the strand so that the tangential flow component responsible for the swirl essentially disappears. The thread-like strand is therefore no longer loaded by centrifugal forces and is constantly deposited in circular arcs of the same size, but rather the deflection from the central position occurs due to the instabilities in the compressed gas supplied. Circular movements can also occur here. However, since the circle diameter is not always the same as the strip width, there is a material overlay, which ultimately leads to a strip with a uniform thickness. The entire strip surface is therefore available as a contact surface for the respective application.

Im bekannten Fall wurde eine Einschnürung des fadenförmigen Stranges sowohl durch die ihn beaufschlagende Druckluft als auch durch das Verdrillen des Stranges um seine eigene Achse bewirkt. Wenn man die Materialzufuhr und notwendigerweise auch die Gaszufuhr erhöhte, führte dies zu einer so starken Drill-Verdünnung, daß der Strang abriß. Die abgerissenen Strangteile wurden durch die Zentrifugalkraft nach außen geschleudert, wo sie als Verunreinigungen störten. Erfindungsgemäß dagegen können Materialdruck und Gasdruck ganz wesentlich erhöht werden. Zum einen ist der Grenzwert, bei dem Strangabschnitte abreißen, wegen des fehlenden Dralls wesentlich höher. Zum andern ist es unschädlich, wenn Strangabschnitte abreißen, da sie wegen der fehlenden Zentrifugalkraft nicht nach außen geschleudert werden, sondern im Streifenbereich verbleiben. Man kann daher die Auftragsgeschwindigkeit ganz wesentlich erhöhen, ohne eine Verschmutzung der Umgebung befürchten zu müssen. Das Verfahren eignet sich daher insbesondere für den Auftrag von dicken Streifen, aber auch für den schnelleren Auftrag von dünnen Streifen.In the known case, the thread-like strand was constricted both by the compressed air acting on it and by the twisting of the strand around its own axis. If one increased the material supply and necessarily also the gas supply, this resulted in a drill dilution so strong that the strand broke off. The torn off strand parts were thrown outwards by the centrifugal force, where they interfered as impurities. In contrast, according to the invention, material pressure and gas pressure can be very significant increase. On the one hand, the limit at which strand sections tear off is much higher due to the lack of swirl. On the other hand, it is harmless if strand sections tear off, because they are not thrown outwards due to the lack of centrifugal force, but remain in the strip area. The application speed can therefore be increased significantly without fear of pollution of the surroundings. The method is therefore particularly suitable for the application of thick strips, but also for the faster application of thin strips.

Wegen der hohen Zuverlässigkeit ist das Verfahren auch für den automatischen Streifenauftrag durch Roboter geeignet.Because of its high reliability, the process is also suitable for automatic strip application by robots.

Eine bevorzugte Lösung sieht vor, daß das Druckgas nach einer ringförmigen Verteilung in mehrere Teilströme unterteilt wird, die je für sich gerichtet und erst kurz vor der Beaufschlagung wieder zusammengeführt werden. Die jeweils für sich gerichteten Teilströme behalten ihre Richtung bis zur Beaufschlagung bei.A preferred solution provides that the compressed gas is divided into a plurality of sub-streams after an annular distribution, each of which is directed and brought together again only shortly before the application. The partial streams that are directed for themselves maintain their direction until they are applied.

Im einfachsten Fall genügen drei mit gleichmäßigem Umfangsabstand zugeführte Teilströme, um den Strang bei der Beaufschlagung in einer sicheren Mittellage zu halten. Günstiger ist es aber, 6 bis 10 Teilströme vorzusehen, um den Strangumfang an der Beaufschlagungsstelle möglichst lückenlos mit Gas zu umgeben.In the simplest case, three partial flows fed with a uniform circumferential spacing are sufficient to keep the strand in a safe central position when it is loaded. However, it is more favorable to provide 6 to 10 partial flows in order to surround the strand circumference with gas as completely as possible at the point of application.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird der gasumhüllte Strang kurz nach der Beaufschlagung eingeschnürt. Hinter der Einschnürstelle breitet sich die Druckluft als Kegel aus. Sie bildet eine Hülle, die ein Wegschleudern von Einzelabschnitten des Stranges verhindert. Die Einschnürstelle selbst ist der Gelenkpunkt, um den der Strang seine anfänglichen Taumel- oder Drehbewegungen ausführt. Durch Verlagerung der Einschnürstelle mit Bezug auf die Materialdüse läßt sich die Streifenbreite einstellen. Insbesondere läßt sich ein verhältnismäßig spitzer Kegel einstellen. Dies erlaubt es, bei einer gegebenen Streifenbreite einen verhältnismäßig großen Abstand zwischen Austrittsdüse und Oberfläche vorzusehen. Die Gefahr einer Verschmutzung durch rückprallendes Material ist daher gering.The gas-encased strand is expediently constricted shortly after being loaded. The compressed air spreads out as a cone behind the constriction point. It forms a shell that prevents individual sections of the strand from being flung away. The constriction itself is the hinge point around which the strand performs its initial wobble or twist. By The stripe width can be adjusted by moving the constriction point with respect to the material nozzle. In particular, a relatively pointed cone can be set. This makes it possible to provide a relatively large distance between the outlet nozzle and the surface for a given strip width. The risk of contamination from rebounding material is therefore low.

Insbesondere kann das Druckgas mit pulsierendem Druck zugeführt werden. Hiermit läßt sich die Verteilung des Materials im Streifen beeinflussen.In particular, the compressed gas can be supplied with a pulsating pressure. This can be used to influence the distribution of the material in the strip.

Vorrichtungsmäßig besteht die Lösung erfindungsgemäß darin, daß zwischen Verteiler-Ringraum und Austrittskanal in Umfangsrichtung gleichmäßig verteilte Führungskanäle angeordnet sind, die den hindurchtretenden Teilströmen eine von Tangentialkomponenten freie Richtung geben. Die aus den Führungskanälen austretenden Teilströme behalten ihre von Tangentialkomponenten freie Richtung bis zur Beaufschlagungsstelle bei.In terms of the device, the solution according to the invention is that guide channels which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are arranged between the distributor annular space and the outlet channel and give the partial streams passing through a direction free of tangential components. The partial flows emerging from the guide channels maintain their direction free of tangential components up to the point of application.

Insbesondere können die Führungskanäle parallel zur Materialdüsenachse verlaufen. Dies ergibt eine sehr handliche Konstruktion, weil der Abstand zwischen Materialdüsenachse und Führungskanälen klein gehalten werden kann.In particular, the guide channels can run parallel to the material nozzle axis. This results in a very handy construction, because the distance between the material nozzle axis and guide channels can be kept small.

Herstellungstechnisch empfiehlt es sich, daß ein die Materialdüse tragendes Materialrohr von einem Außenrohr umschlossen ist und daß die Führungskanäle als Axialnuten an der zylindrischen Trennfläche der beiden Rohre ausgebildet sind. Es brauchen lediglich die Axialnuten in dem einen Rohr gefräst und durch das andere Rohr abgedeckt zu werden.From a manufacturing point of view, it is recommended that a material tube carrying the material nozzle is enclosed by an outer tube and that the guide channels are designed as axial grooves on the cylindrical separating surface of the two tubes. It is only necessary to mill the axial grooves in one tube and to cover them with the other tube.

Ebenfalls der Herstellungsvereinfachung dient es, wenn der Verteiler-Ringraum durch eine Umfangsaussparung an der zylindrischen Trennfläche der beiden Rohre ausgebildet ist.It also serves to simplify production if the distributor annulus is formed by a peripheral recess on the cylindrical separating surface of the two pipes.

Am günstigsten ist es hierbei, wenn die Axialnuten am Materialrohr und die Umfangsaussparung am Außenrohr vorgesehen sind.It is most advantageous if the axial grooves are provided on the material tube and the peripheral recess on the outer tube.

Es empfiehlt sich, daß die am Materialrohr vorgesehenen Axialnuten bis in den Bereich des Gasanschlusses reichen. Dies ergibt eine turbulente und daher gleichmäßige Gasverteilung mit anschließender Beruhigung.It is recommended that the axial grooves provided on the material pipe extend into the area of the gas connection. This results in a turbulent and therefore even gas distribution with subsequent calming.

Insbesondere sollte die Länge der Führungskanäle mindestens das 3fache des Durchmessers betragen, auf dem sie angeordnet sind. Dies führt zu einer ausreichenden Ausrichtung der Gasteilströme.In particular, the length of the guide channels should be at least 3 times the diameter on which they are arranged. This leads to a sufficient alignment of the partial gas flows.

Mit besonderem Vorteil schließt mindestens ein Gasanschluß seitlich und insbesondere radial an den Verteiler-Ringraum an. Der Verteiler-Ringraum dient der Beruhigung des radial zugeführten Druckgases. Jegliche tangentiale Komponente wird durch die anschließenden Führungskanäle unterdrückt.It is particularly advantageous if at least one gas connection connects laterally and in particular radially to the distributor annulus. The distributor annulus serves to calm the radially supplied compressed gas. Any tangential component is suppressed by the subsequent guide channels.

Es sollten 6 bis 10 Führungskanäle vorgesehen sein.6 to 10 guide channels should be provided.

Günstig ist es, daß der ringförmige Querschnitt des Austrittskanals über seine Länge annähernd konstant ist. Das Gas behält dann seine Strömungsgeschwindigkeit bei.It is favorable that the annular cross section of the outlet channel is approximately constant over its length. The gas then maintains its flow rate.

Mit besonderem Vorteil mündet der Austrittskanal zwischen der Materialdüse und einer Austrittsdüse, die einen größeren Querschnitt hat als die Materialdüse. Diese Austrittsdüse dient der Einschnürung des gasumhüllten Stranges und ergibt die weiter oben genannten Vorteile.The outlet channel opens out particularly advantageously between the material nozzle and an outlet nozzle which has a larger cross section than the material nozzle. This outlet nozzle serves to constrict the gas-coated strand and gives the advantages mentioned above.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten, bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Auftragvorrichtung,
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt längs der Linie A-A in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
einen Querschnitt längs der Linie B-B in Fig. 1 und
Fig. 4-6
schematisch den Vergleich zwischen verschiedenen Arten des Streifenauftrags.
The invention is explained below with reference to a preferred embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
2 shows a longitudinal section through an application device according to the invention,
Fig. 2
2 shows a cross section along the line AA in FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
a cross section along the line BB in Fig. 1 and
Fig. 4-6
schematically the comparison between different types of strip application.

Die Auftragvorrichtung der Fig. 1 bis 3 weist ein Materialrohr 1 mit einem Materialkanal 2 auf, der einen Materialanschluß 3 mit einer Materialdüse 4 verbindet. Der Außenumfang des Materialrohrs 1 weist sechs in gleichem Umfangsabstand angeordnete Axialnuten 5 auf, die vom Innenumfang eines aufgeschobenen Außenrohres 6 abgedeckt werden und daher zur Materialdüsenachse parallel verlaufende Führungskanäle 7 bilden. An der Innenseite des Außenrohres 6 ist eine Umfangsaussparung 8 vorgesehen, die mit einem radialen Druckgas-Anschluß 9, über den Druckluft zugeführt wird, versehen sowie von der Außenseite des Materialrohres 1 abgedeckt ist und daher einen Verteiler-Ringraum 10 bildet. Die beiden Rohre 1 und 6 sind über Gewinde 11 bzw. 12 an einem Anschlußkörper 13 befestigt. An der gegenüberliegenden Seite ist auf das Außenrohr 6 eine Kappe 14 mittels eines Gewindes 15 aufgeschraubt. Sie besitzt eine Austrittsdüse 16, die einen etwas größeren Durchmesser besitzt als die Materialdüse 4. Zwischen Kappe 14 und Materialrohr 1 verläuft ein Austrittskanal 17 für die Druckluft. Dieser Austrittskanal wird durch zwei konische Wände 18 und 19 begrenzt, von denen die eine an der Stirnseite des Materialrohres 1 und die andere an der Rückseite der Kappe 14 ausgebildet ist.1 to 3 has a material tube 1 with a material channel 2, which connects a material connection 3 with a material nozzle 4. The outer circumference of the material tube 1 has six axial grooves 5 arranged at the same circumferential spacing, which are covered by the inner circumference of a pushed-on outer tube 6 and therefore form guide channels 7 running parallel to the material nozzle axis. On the inside of the outer tube 6, a circumferential recess 8 is provided, which is provided with a radial compressed gas connection 9, via which compressed air is supplied, and is covered by the outside of the material tube 1 and therefore forms a distributor annulus 10. The two tubes 1 and 6 are fastened to a connecting body 13 via threads 11 and 12, respectively. On the opposite side, a cap 14 is screwed onto the outer tube 6 by means of a thread 15. It has an outlet nozzle 16 which has a slightly larger diameter than the material nozzle 4. Between the cap 14 and the material tube 1 there is an outlet channel 17 for the compressed air. This outlet channel is delimited by two conical walls 18 and 19, one of which is formed on the end face of the material tube 1 and the other on the back of the cap 14.

Im Betrieb wird viskoses Material über den Materialanschluß 3 und den Materialkanal 2 zugeführt. Es tritt als fadenförmiger Strang aus der Materialdüse 4 aus. Druckluft wird über den Druckluftanschluß 9, den Verteiler-Ringraum 10 und die zur Materialdüsenachse 4 parallelen Führungskanäle 7 zugeführt. In diesen Führungskanälen werden Teilströme der Druckluft letztendlich achsparallel ausgerichtet. Sie werden im Austrittskanal 17 radial nach innen umgelenkt und treffen an einer Beaufschlagungsstelle 20 auf den Umfang des fadenförmigen Stranges auf, wobei die Beaufschlagungsrichtung praktisch frei von einer - bezogen auf die Achse der Materialdüse 4 - tangentialen Strömungskomponente ist. Soweit die Unterteilung in Teilströme in Umfangsrichtung gewisse Unregelmäßigkeiten bei der Beaufschlagung bewirkt, sind diese unschädlich, weil sie den Strang symmetrisch belasten. Der Strang und das ihn umhüllende Druckgas treten durch die Austrittsdüse 16 auf. Durch die Beaufschlagung und die Einengung wird der Strang eingeschnürt und verdünnt. Außerhalb der Austrittsdüse 16 weitet sich das Druckgas als Führungskegel aus. Infolge der immer vorhandenen Instabilitäten bewegt sich der Strang innerhalb des Führungskegels taumelnd und kreisend, bis er auf der nicht veranschaulichten Oberfläche auftrifft.In operation, viscous material is supplied via the material connection 3 and the material channel 2. It emerges as a thread-like strand from the material nozzle 4. Compressed air is supplied via the compressed air connection 9, the distributor annulus 10 and the guide channels 7 parallel to the material nozzle axis 4. Partial flows of compressed air are ultimately aligned axially parallel in these guide channels. They are deflected radially inwards in the outlet channel 17 and strike the periphery of the thread-like strand at an application point 20, the direction of application being practically free of a tangential flow component, based on the axis of the material nozzle 4. Insofar as the subdivision into partial flows in the circumferential direction causes certain irregularities in the loading, these are harmless because they load the line symmetrically. The strand and the compressed gas enveloping it occur through the outlet nozzle 16. The strand is constricted and thinned by the application and the narrowing. Outside the outlet nozzle 16, the compressed gas expands as a guide cone. As a result of the instabilities that are always present, the strand wobbles and circles within the guide cone until it strikes the surface (not shown).

Weil der Strang durch das Druckgas keinen Drall erfährt und daher auch nicht durch einen solchen Drall zusätzlich eingeschnürt wird, kann man mit relativ hohen Gasdrücken und dementsprechend hohen Materialmengen arbeiten, ehe der Strang in einzelne Abschnitte zerreißt. Weil wegen des fehlenden Dralls auch keine nennenswerten Zentrifugalkräfte auftreten, darf der Luftdruck sogar so hoch gewählt werden, daß der Strang in Abschnitte zerreißt, weil diese innerhalb des Führungskegels der Druckluft verbleiben. Daher ist ein großer Bereich der Materialdrücke, beispielsweise von 2 bis 60 bar, und ein großer Bereich der Gasdrücke, beispielsweise von 0,2 bis 5 bar, anwendbar. Empfehlenswert ist es, den Gasdruck kleiner als den Materialdruck zu halten.Because the strand experiences no swirl due to the compressed gas and is therefore not constricted by such a twist, one can work with relatively high gas pressures and correspondingly large amounts of material before the strand tears into individual sections. Because there is no significant centrifugal force due to the lack of swirl, the air pressure may even be chosen so high that the strand tears into sections because these remain within the guide cone of the compressed air. A large range of material pressures, for example from 2 to 60 bar, and a large range of gas pressures, for example from 0.2 to 5 bar, can therefore be used. It is recommended to keep the gas pressure lower than the material pressure.

Bei entsprechender Einstellung der Material- und Gasdrücke läßt sich auch eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Materials über die Streifenbreite erzielen, wie dies anhand der Fig. 4 bis 6 näher erläutert wird. Fig. 4 zeigt die Verhältnisse bei Gaszufuhr mit tangentialer Komponente. Das Material wird in Form eines schmalen Ringes 21 abgelegt, was der Verteilung 22 entspricht. Infolge der Relativbewegung zwischen Auftragsvorrichtung und zu beschichtender Oberfläche gemäß dem Pfeil P ergeben sich Überlagerungen der ringförmigen Ablagerung, was einem Streifenquerschnitt 23 entspricht. Würde man dafür sorgen, daß kreisförmige Muster 24 entsprechend der Gleichverteilung 25 abgelegt werden, ergäbe sich der Streifenquerschnitt 26. Der angestrebte Auftrag liegt zwischen den beiden Extremen. Das Auftragsmuster 27 hat etwa die Verteilung 28, gemäß der in der Mitte ein geringfügiger und weiter außen ein stärkerer Auftrag erfolgt. Dies führt im optimalen Fall wegen der Integrationswirkung der Bewegungskomponente P zu dem gleichmäßigen Streifenquerschnitt 29 der Fig. 5. Auf jeden Fall liegt die Form des Querschnitts zwischen den Formen der extremen Querschnitte 23 und 26.With an appropriate setting of the material and gas pressures, a uniform distribution of the material over the strip width can also be achieved, as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. Fig. 4 shows the conditions for gas supply with a tangential component. The material is deposited in the form of a narrow ring 21, which corresponds to the distribution 22. As a result of the relative movement between the application device and the surface to be coated according to the arrow P, the annular deposit is superimposed, which corresponds to a strip cross section 23. If one were to ensure that circular patterns 24 were deposited in accordance with the uniform distribution 25, the strip cross-section 26 would result. The desired job lies between the two extremes. The order pattern 27 has, for example, the distribution 28, according to which there is a slight order in the middle and a stronger order further out. In the optimal case, this leads to the uniform strip cross section 29 of FIG. 5 due to the integration effect of the movement component P. In any case, the shape of the cross section lies between the shapes of the extreme cross sections 23 and 26.

Zur Änderung der Streifenbreite kann die Austrittsdüse axial gegenüber der Materialdüse 4 verstellt werden. Hierdurch ändert sich der Winkel des Führungskegels. Außerdem ist die Auftragsform über einem größeren Bereich des Abstandes zwischen der Auftragsvorrichtung 1 und der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche gewährleistet. Man kann daher den Abstand auf jeden Fall so wählen, daß eine Verschmutzung der Kappe 14 durch rückprallendes Material vermieden ist.To change the strip width, the outlet nozzle can be adjusted axially relative to the material nozzle 4. This changes the angle of the guide cone. In addition, the application form is ensured over a larger area of the distance between the application device 1 and the surface to be coated. You can therefore choose the distance in any case so that contamination of the cap 14 is avoided by rebounding material.

Von den dargestellten Ausführungsformen kann in vielfacher Hinsicht abgewichen werden. Beispielsweise kann der Gasanschluß 9 im Anschlußkörper 13 angeordnet sein. Das Gas kann auch in erwärmtem Zustand zugeführt werden.There can be deviations from the illustrated embodiments in many ways. For example, the gas connection 9 can be arranged in the connection body 13. The gas can also be supplied in a heated state.

Claims (17)

Verfahren zum streifenförmigen Auftragen von viskosem Material auf die Oberfläche eines Werkstücks, wobei Auftragsvorrichtung und Werstück relativ zueinander bewegt werden, das Material unter Druck als fadenförmiger Strang aus einer Materialdüse austritt und der Strangumfang von Druckgas beaufschlagt wird, das der Beaufschlagungsstelle mit axialer und radialer Strömungskomponente zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Druckgas der Beaufschlagungsstelle (20) derart gerichtet zugeführt wird, daß eine tangentiale Strömungskomponente unterdrückt ist.Process for the strip-like application of viscous material to the surface of a workpiece, whereby the application device and the workpiece are moved relative to one another, the material exits under pressure as a thread-like strand from a material nozzle and the strand circumference is acted upon by pressurized gas, which supplies the application point with axial and radial flow components is characterized in that the pressurized gas is supplied to the application point (20) in such a way that a tangential flow component is suppressed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Druckgas nach einer ringförmigen Verteilung in mehrere Teilströme unterteilt wird, die je für sich gerichtet und erst kurz vor der Beaufschlagung wieder zusammengeführt werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressed gas is divided into a plurality of partial flows after an annular distribution, each of which is directed separately and is only brought together again shortly before the application. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterteilung in 6 bis 10 Teilströme erfolgt.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the division into 6 to 10 partial flows. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gasumhüllte Strang kurz nach der Beaufschlagung eingeschnürt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gas-coated strand is constricted shortly after the application. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Druckgas mit pulsierendem Druck zugeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the compressed gas is supplied at a pulsating pressure. Vorrichtung zum streifenförmigen Auftragen von viskosem Material auf die Oberfläche eines Werkstücks, mit einer mit einem Materialanschluß verbundenen, zentralen Materialdüse und mit einem Gaszufuhrsystem, das einen mit einem Gasanschluß verbundenen Verteiler-Ringraum und einen die Materialdüse umgebenden Austrittskanal mit sich in axialer Strömungsrichtung zum Zentrum hin verjüngenden Wänden aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen Verteiler-Ringraum (10) und Austrittskanal (17) in Umfangsrichtung gleichmäßig verteilte Führungskanäle (7) angeordnet sind, die den hindurchtretenden Teilströmen eine von Tangentialkomponenten freie Richtung geben.Device for the strip-like application of viscous material to the surface of a workpiece, with a central material nozzle connected to a material connection and with a gas supply system, which has a distributor annulus connected to a gas connection and an outlet channel surrounding the material nozzle with its axial flow direction towards the center has tapering walls, characterized in that between the distributor annular space (10) and the outlet channel (17) are arranged in the circumferential direction uniformly distributed guide channels (7) which give the partial flows flowing through a direction free of tangential components. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungskanäle (7) parallel zur Materialdüsenachse verlaufen.Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the guide channels (7) run parallel to the material nozzle axis. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein die Materialdüse (4) tragendes Materialrohr (1) von einem Außenrohr (6) umschlossen ist und daß die Führungskanäle (7) als Axialnuten (5) an der zylindrischen Trennfläche der beiden Rohre ausgebildet sind.Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a material tube (1) carrying the material nozzle (4) is enclosed by an outer tube (6) and in that the guide channels (7) are designed as axial grooves (5) on the cylindrical separating surface of the two tubes are. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verteiler-Ringraum (10) durch eine Umfangsaussparung (8) an der zylindrischen Trennfläche der beiden Rohre (1, 6) ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the distributor annular space (10) is formed by a peripheral recess (8) on the cylindrical separating surface of the two pipes (1, 6). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Axialnuten (5) am Materialrohr (1) und die Umfangsaussparung (8) am Außenrohr (6) vorgesehen sind.Device according to claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the axial grooves (5) are provided on the material tube (1) and the peripheral recess (8) on the outer tube (6). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die am Materialrohr (1) vorgesehenen Axialnuten (5) bis in den Bereich des Gasanschlusses (9) reichen.Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the axial grooves (5) provided on the material tube (1) extend into the area of the gas connection (9). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge der Führungskanäle (7) mindestens das 3fache des Durchmessers betragen, auf dem sie angeordnet sind.Device according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the length of the guide channels (7) is at least 3 times the diameter on which they are arranged. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Gasanschluß (9) seitlich an den Verteiler-Ringraum (10) anschließt.Device according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that at least one gas connection (9) connects laterally to the distributor annular space (10). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mindestens eine Gasanschluß (9) radial an den Verteiler-Ringraum (10) anschließt.Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one gas connection (9) connects radially to the distributor annular space (10). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 6 bis 10 Führungskanäle (7) vorgesehen sind.Device according to one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that 6 to 10 guide channels (7) are provided. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ringförmige Querschnitt des Austrittskanals (17) über seine Länge annähernd konstant ist.Device according to one of claims 6 to 15, characterized in that the annular cross section of the outlet channel (17) is approximately constant over its length. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichent, daß der Austrittskanal (17) zwischen der Materialdüse (4) und einer Austrittsdüse (16) mündet, die einen größeren Querschnitt hat als die Materialdüse.Device according to one of claims 6 to 16, characterized in that the outlet channel (17) opens between the material nozzle (4) and an outlet nozzle (16) which has a larger cross section than the material nozzle.
EP92110009A 1991-06-21 1992-06-13 Method and apparatus for applying striped coating of viscous material Expired - Lifetime EP0519363B1 (en)

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EP0519363B1 (en) 1995-11-22
US5322564A (en) 1994-06-21
DE59204401D1 (en) 1996-01-04
ES2080379T3 (en) 1996-02-01
DE4120881C1 (en) 1993-03-11

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