EP0516922A2 - Thermic overload protection device for electronic components - Google Patents

Thermic overload protection device for electronic components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0516922A2
EP0516922A2 EP92102812A EP92102812A EP0516922A2 EP 0516922 A2 EP0516922 A2 EP 0516922A2 EP 92102812 A EP92102812 A EP 92102812A EP 92102812 A EP92102812 A EP 92102812A EP 0516922 A2 EP0516922 A2 EP 0516922A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bracket
spring
protection device
overload protection
shorting bar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92102812A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0516922A3 (en
EP0516922B1 (en
Inventor
Robert Dr. Hönl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ADC GmbH
Original Assignee
Krone GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krone GmbH filed Critical Krone GmbH
Publication of EP0516922A2 publication Critical patent/EP0516922A2/en
Publication of EP0516922A3 publication Critical patent/EP0516922A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0516922B1 publication Critical patent/EP0516922B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thermal overload protection device for electronic components, in particular for telecommunications and data technology, from a spring-elastic shorting bar and from a melting element, the triggering of the shorting bar depending on the softening of the melting element.
  • a thermal overload protection device of the generic type is previously known from DE 39 21 225 C1.
  • the electronic component consists of a gas-filled, three-pole surge arrester, against the center electrode of which the melting element is pressed under the action of the resilient short-circuiting bracket. This comprises two laterally projecting contact fingers, which are held at a distance from the outer electrodes of the surge arrester. In the event of prolonged overload, the melting element melts, so that the shorting bar with its two contact fingers directly connects the two outer electrodes connects to the grounded center electrode, whereby the surge arrester is protected from destruction.
  • the thermal overload protection device for electronic components as a so-called FAIL-SAFE protection device
  • the risk of overheating can be reduced, particularly in the case of conventional gas-filled surge arresters.
  • the melting element which can be a solder pill or another, thermally sensitive element, which softens or melts when a limit temperature is reached on the surface of the surge arrester and yields to the short-circuiting clip under spring force.
  • the spring force in such a thermal overload protection device cannot be chosen to be of any size, since otherwise plastic deformation of the melting element would occur in the operating temperature range and would lead to undesired bridging of the electrodes of the surge arrester.
  • the achievable contact forces between the shorting bar and the electrodes are, however, too low for a surge-proof bridging to be achieved, the nominal discharge current of the surge arrester being regarded as a surge current.
  • the contact finger of the shorting bar can be damaged, as a result of which the FAIL-SAFE device is deactivated and overheating of the surge arrester can occur. that leads to a fire.
  • thermal overload protection device in addition to the gas-filled surge arresters in two- and three-pole design, semiconductor surge protection elements, triac's, thyristors, zener diodes and the like are also. To be called.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a thermal overload protection device of the generic type, which is improved compared to the known protection device, in particular the contact force of the shorting bar pressing against the electrodes of the electronic component to be protected is sufficient to generate surge currents transfer.
  • the thermal overload protection device for electronic components is designed as a SERVO-FAIL-SAFE device, the triggering of the protection device and the bridging of the electrodes being carried out by separate devices.
  • the triggering device works together with the melting element, which is a thermally sensitive element, e.g. is a solder pill.
  • the triggering device works independently of the actuating device for the shorting bar, so that the triggering device is only an auxiliary device for releasing the shorting bar, for which a separate actuating device is provided.
  • the release device consists of a spring-elastic release bracket, which is kept at a distance from the electronic component by means of the melting element.
  • the actuating device is formed from a locking element which keeps the short-circuiting bracket at a distance from the electronic component and on which the release bracket engages to release the actuating device.
  • the spring clip which is also spring-elastic, can be a spring of low directivity, which is only used to release the locking element, which in turn releases an almost arbitrarily strong spring in the form of the shorting bar, which can be designed in the pressing force so that the surge current resistance is guaranteed.
  • the two-pole surge arrester 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes external electrodes 3, 4 and a melting element 13, against which a spring clip 6 is pressed under the spring force F in a known manner. If a thermal overload that lasts longer occurs, the melting element 13 reaches and takes the form shown in FIG. 2. The contact fingers of the spring clip 6 come into contact with the outer electrodes 3, 4 of the surge arrester 1, as a result of which the surge arrester 1 is protected against destruction. It is disadvantageous that the spring force F cannot be selected too large, since otherwise plastic deformation of the melting element 13 can occur in the operating temperature range, which would lead to an undesired bridging of the outer electrodes 3, 4. In the usual spring force F, the achievable contact forces between the shorting bar 6 and the outer electrodes 3, 4 are so low, however, that a surge current-proof bridging cannot be achieved.
  • the contact fingers 10, 11 of the shorting bar 6 are insulated from one another by means of two release bars 16, at a distance from the outer electrodes 3, 4.
  • the trigger bracket 16 press with the spring force K against the melting element 13, which is simultaneously pressed against the surge arrester 1.
  • the spring force K presses the two release brackets 16 inward, so that the release state shown in FIG. 4 is reached, in which the spring force F of the short-circuit bracket 6 becomes effective unhindered by the two release brackets 16.
  • the two contact fingers 10, 11 contact the outer electrodes 3, 4 with full spring force F.
  • FIGS. 5 to a The embodiment of the thermal overload protection device shown in FIGS. 5 to a is used for a gas-filled, three-pole, cylindrical surge arrester 1.
  • This comprises a center electrode 2, which is connected to the earth in a manner not shown, and two outer electrodes 3, 4, a gas-filled surge chamber 5 with a spark gap is present between the center electrode 2 and each outer electrode 3, 4.
  • This consists of two circularly curved spring clips 7, 8, which enclose the surge arrester 1 by approximately 270 ° and which are arranged at a distance from one another and parallel to one another, a web 9 connecting the free ends of the spring clips 7, 8, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the lateral surface of the Surge arrester 1 is arranged and carries at its ends a contact finger 10, 11, which are assigned to the outer electrodes 3, 4 and are held at a distance from them.
  • the short-circuiting bracket 6 comprises at the other end of its two spring clips 7 a foot plate 12 which connects the two spring clips 7, 8 which are at a distance from one another.
  • the release device 15 comprises the circularly curved spring-elastic release bracket 16, which is arranged between the two spring clips 7, 8 of the short-circuit clip 6, is connected to the base plate 12 of the short-circuit clip 6, and is made in one piece with the short-circuit clip 6 from spring material, in particular spring steel.
  • the foot plate 12 of the shorting bar 6 and at the same time the release bar 16 lies on the outer surface of the surge arrester 1 at about 5 o'clock, spans the surge arrester 1 by about 220 ° and stops at the time 11 o'clock a melting element 13 in the form of a solder pill by pressing it against the circumference of the surge arrester 1.
  • the device 17 for actuating the shorting bracket 6 is attached.
  • the device 17 for actuating the shorting bar 6 comprises a locking element 18 corresponding approximately to the width of the release bar 16, which is clamped between the web 9 of the shorting bar 6 and the outer surface of the surge arrester 1 at approximately 1:30 p.m.
  • the locking element 18, which is designed like a brake block in the side view, has at its rear end directed towards the melting element 13 an extension 19 of smaller thickness, which is connected to the release bracket 16.
  • the described thermal overload protection device works as follows:
  • the trigger bracket 16 designed as a middle spring presses against the melting element 13 in the form of a solder pill and holds the locking element 18, which is located between the web 9 of the shorting bar 6 and the circumference of the surge arrester 1.
  • the shorting bar 6 is thus closing his contact fingers 10,11 with the outer electrodes 3,4 prevented.
  • the melting element 13 softens when a limit temperature is reached, which can be achieved when the surge arrester 1 is overloaded
  • the locking element 18 is displaced tangentially and the shorting bar 6 presses the two contact fingers 10, 11 with its full spring force against the external electrodes 3, 4.
  • the surge arrester 1 is thus protected by a short circuit.
  • the above-described effect of the trigger bracket 16 is due to the fact that under the action of its spring force when the melting element 13 softens, it radially approaches the peripheral surface of the surge arrester 1, its free end 14 moving clockwise from the position 12 o'clock to you position 2 o'clock moved as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the locking element 18 fastened to the free end 14 of the release bracket 16 is moved tangentially, as shown in FIG. 8, so that the locking element 18 disengages from the web 9 and the contact fingers 10, 11 of the shorting bracket 6 now with full spring force can press against the external electrodes 3, 4 of the surge arrester 1.
  • FIG. 8 shows the melting element 13 in the form of the solder pill in the softened or melted state.
  • the further embodiment of the thermal overload protection device shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 is used for a semiconductor protection component 20, for example a thytistor or voltage limiter diode, which has two connecting legs 21, 22 for the a and b lines of a telephone device and a middle one Leg 23 is provided for the ground connection.
  • the component 20 has an insulating effect up to a response voltage. From a certain response voltage, a current begins to flow, the voltage collapsing to a residual voltage in the thyristor diode and a limiting voltage being established in the Z or suppressor diode. In both cases, a power is implemented in connection with the current flow, which can lead to inadmissible heating of the component 20.
  • the semiconductor protection component 20 is surrounded by a one-piece sheet metal housing 24, which consists of a base plate 25, a rear wall 26 and a cover plate 27.
  • a cover plate 27 On the rear wall 26, the rear ends of two lateral shorting bars 6 are attached, on the free ends of which the contact fingers 10, 11 are formed.
  • two trigger brackets 16 At the free end of the cover plate 27, which is held at a distance from the component 20 by means of the melting element 13, two trigger brackets 16 are attached, which in the operating state keep the contact fingers 10, 11 of the shorting brackets 6 at a distance from the connecting legs 21, 22, as shown in FIG 11 shows.
  • the tripping bars 16 disengage from the contact fingers 10, 11 of the shorting bar 16, so that the latter can press against the connecting legs 21, 22 with full contact spring force P in order to lay them on earth.
  • the middle connecting leg 23 is connected to the base plate 25 of the sheet metal housing 24 by means of an earth tab 28.

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal overload protection device for electronic components, especially for telecommunications and data technology, consisting of a spring-elastic short-circuiting bracket 6 and of a fusing element 13, the short-circuiting bracket 6 being triggered as a function of the softening of the fusing element 13. <??>In order to achieve a SERVO-FAIL-SAFE behaviour, in which the spring force of the short-circuiting bracket 6 can be set to any desired magnitude, devices 15, 17, which are separate from one another, are provided according to the invention for tripping and for operating the short-circuiting bracket 6. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung für elektronische Bauelemente, insbesondere für die Fernmelde- und Datentechnik, aus einem federelastischen Kurzschlußbügel und aus einem Schmelzelement, wobei die Auslösung des Kurzschlußbügels in Abhängigkeit vom Erweichen des Schmelzelementes erfolgt.The invention relates to a thermal overload protection device for electronic components, in particular for telecommunications and data technology, from a spring-elastic shorting bar and from a melting element, the triggering of the shorting bar depending on the softening of the melting element.

Eine thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art ist aus der DE 39 21 225 C1 vorbekannt. Dabei besteht das elektronische Bauelement aus einem gasgefüllten, dreipoligen Überspannungsableiter, gegen dessen Mittelektrode das Schmelzelement unter Wirkung des federelastischen Kurzschlußbügels gedrückt wird. Dieser umfaßt zwei seitlich auskragende Kontaktfinger, die im Abstand zu den Außenelektroden des Überspannungsableiters gehalten sind. Bei längerer Überlast schmilzt das Schmelzelement, so daß der Kurzschlußbügel mit seinen beiden Kontaktfingern die beiden Außenelektroden direkt mit der geerdeten Mittelelektrode verbindet, wodurch der Überspannungsableiter vor einer Zerstörung geschützt ist.A thermal overload protection device of the generic type is previously known from DE 39 21 225 C1. The electronic component consists of a gas-filled, three-pole surge arrester, against the center electrode of which the melting element is pressed under the action of the resilient short-circuiting bracket. This comprises two laterally projecting contact fingers, which are held at a distance from the outer electrodes of the surge arrester. In the event of prolonged overload, the melting element melts, so that the shorting bar with its two contact fingers directly connects the two outer electrodes connects to the grounded center electrode, whereby the surge arrester is protected from destruction.

Mit der bekannten thermischen Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung für elektronische Bauelemente als sogenannte FAIL-SAFE-Schutzeinrichtung kann, insbesondere bei herkömmlichen gasgefüllten Überspannungsableitern, die Gefahr der Überhitzung verringert werden. Dies wird durch das Schmelzelement, das eine Schmelzlotpille oder ein anderes, thermisch sensitives Element sein kann, realisiert, das beim Erreichen einer Grenztemperatur an der Oberfläche des Überspannungsableiters aufweicht bzw. schmilzt und dem unter einer Federkraft stehenden Kurzschlußbügel nachgibt. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß die Federkraft bei einer derartigen thermischen Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung nicht beliebig groß gewählt werden kann, da sonst bereits eine plastische Verformung des Schmelzelementes im Betriebstemperaturbereich eintreten und zu einem unerwünschten Überbrücken der Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters führen würde. Bei den üblichen Federkräften sind die erzielbaren Kontaktkräfte zwischen dem Kurzschlußbügel und den Elektroden allerdings zu gering, als daß eine stromstoßfeste Überbrückung erreicht werden kann, wobei der Nennableit-Stoßstrom des Überspannungsableiters als Stoßstrom angesehen wird. Im ungünstigsten Fall kann, wenn die FAIL-SAFE-Einrichtung durch eine Wechselstrombelastung des Überspannungsableiters ausgelöst wird und eine Stoßlast erfolgt, der Kontaktfinger des Kurzschlußbügels beschädigt werden, wodurch die FAIL-SAFE-Einrichtung außer Funktion gesetzt wird und eine Überhitzung des Überspannungsableiters auftreten kann, die zu einem Brand führt.With the known thermal overload protection device for electronic components as a so-called FAIL-SAFE protection device, the risk of overheating can be reduced, particularly in the case of conventional gas-filled surge arresters. This is achieved by the melting element, which can be a solder pill or another, thermally sensitive element, which softens or melts when a limit temperature is reached on the surface of the surge arrester and yields to the short-circuiting clip under spring force. However, it has been shown that the spring force in such a thermal overload protection device cannot be chosen to be of any size, since otherwise plastic deformation of the melting element would occur in the operating temperature range and would lead to undesired bridging of the electrodes of the surge arrester. With the usual spring forces, the achievable contact forces between the shorting bar and the electrodes are, however, too low for a surge-proof bridging to be achieved, the nominal discharge current of the surge arrester being regarded as a surge current. In the worst case, if the FAIL-SAFE device is triggered by an alternating current load on the surge arrester and a shock load occurs, the contact finger of the shorting bar can be damaged, as a result of which the FAIL-SAFE device is deactivated and overheating of the surge arrester can occur. that leads to a fire.

Als elektronische Bauelemente, die mit einer solchen thermischen Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung versehen werden können, sind neben den gasgefüllten Überspannungsableitern in zwei- und dreipoliger Ausführung noch Halbleiter-Überspannungsschutzelemente, Triac's, Thyristoren, Zenerdioden u. dgl. zu nennen.As electronic components that can be provided with such a thermal overload protection device, in addition to the gas-filled surge arresters in two- and three-pole design, semiconductor surge protection elements, triac's, thyristors, zener diodes and the like are also. To be called.

Der Erfindung liegt von daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, die gegenüber der bekannten Schutzeinrichtung verbessert ist, wobei insbesondere die Kontaktkraft des gegen die Elektroden des zu schützenden elektronischen Bauelementes drückenden Kurzschlußbügels ausreichend ist, um auftretende Stoßströme zu übertragen.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a thermal overload protection device of the generic type, which is improved compared to the known protection device, in particular the contact force of the shorting bar pressing against the electrodes of the electronic component to be protected is sufficient to generate surge currents transfer.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung vor, daß voneinander getrennte Einrichtungen zur Auslösung und zur Betätigung des Kurzschlußbügels vorgesehen sind. Erfindungsgemäß wird die thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung für elektronische Bauelemente, insbesondere für die Fernmelde- und Datentechnik, als SERVO-FAIL-SAFE-Einrichtung ausgeführt, wobei die Auslösung der Schutzeinrichtung und die Überbrückung der Elektroden durch getrennte Einrichtungen durchgeführt werden. Dabei arbeitet die Auslöseeinrichtung mit dem Schmelzelement zusammen, das ein thermisch sensitives Element, wie z.B. eine Lotpille, ist. Die Auslöseeinrichtung arbeitet jedoch unabhängig von der Betätigungseinrichtung für den Kurzschlußbügel, so daß die Auslöseeinrichtung nur eine Hilfseinrichtung für das Freisetzen des Kurzschlußbügels ist, für den eine separate Betätigungseinrichtung vorgesehen ist.To achieve the object, the invention provides that separate devices for triggering and actuating the shorting bar are provided. According to the invention, the thermal overload protection device for electronic components, in particular for telecommunications and data technology, is designed as a SERVO-FAIL-SAFE device, the triggering of the protection device and the bridging of the electrodes being carried out by separate devices. The triggering device works together with the melting element, which is a thermally sensitive element, e.g. is a solder pill. However, the triggering device works independently of the actuating device for the shorting bar, so that the triggering device is only an auxiliary device for releasing the shorting bar, for which a separate actuating device is provided.

In einer konkreten Ausführungsform gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruches 2 besteht die Auslöseeinrichtung aus einem federelastischen Auslösebügel, der mittels des Schmelzelementes auf Abstand zum elektronischen Bauelement gehalten ist. Die Betätigungseinrichtung ist aus einem Verriegelungselement gebildet, das den Kurzschlußbügel auf Abstand zum elektronischen Bauelement hält und an dem der Auslösebügel zum Lösen der Betätigungseinrichtung angreift. Der ebenfalls federelastische Auslösebügel kann eine Feder von geringem Richtvermögen sein, die nur dazu benutzt wird, das Verriegelungselement freizusetzen, das wiederum eine nahezu beliebig starke Feder in Form des Kurzschlußbügels freigibt, der in der Andruckkraft so ausgelegt werden kann, daß die Stoßstromfestigkeit gewährleistet ist.In a specific embodiment according to the features of claim 2, the release device consists of a spring-elastic release bracket, which is kept at a distance from the electronic component by means of the melting element. The actuating device is formed from a locking element which keeps the short-circuiting bracket at a distance from the electronic component and on which the release bracket engages to release the actuating device. The spring clip, which is also spring-elastic, can be a spring of low directivity, which is only used to release the locking element, which in turn releases an almost arbitrarily strong spring in the form of the shorting bar, which can be designed in the pressing force so that the surge current resistance is guaranteed.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the further subclaims.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand mehrerer in den Zeichnungen dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele thermischer Überlast-Schutzeinrichtungen für gasgefüllte zwei- und dreipolige Überspannungsableiter und ein Halbleiterschutzelement als elektronische Bauelemente näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1 u. 2
den Betriebszustand bzw. den Auslösezustand eines zweipoligen Überspannungsableiters mit bekannter thermischer Schutzeinrichtung,
Fig. 3 u. 4
den Betriebszustand bzw. den Auslösezustand eines zweipoligen Überspannungsableiters mit thermischer Schutzeinrichtung gemäß Erfindung,
Fig. 5
die Vorderansicht der an einem dreipoligen Überspannungsableiter befindlichen erfindungsgemäßen thermischen Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung im Betriebszustand,
Fig. 6
die Seitenansicht,
Fig. 7
die Rückansicht,
Fig. 8
die der Fig. 6 entsprechende Seitenansicht mit thermischer Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung im Auslösezustand,
Fig. 9
die Seitenansicht eines Halbleiterschutzbauelementes mit erfindungsgemäßer thermischer Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung im Betriebszustand,
Fig. 10
die Draufsicht,
Fig. 11
die Vorderansicht und
Fig. 12
die Vorderansicht im ausgelösten Zustand der thermischen Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments of thermal overload protection devices for gas-filled two- and three-pole surge arresters and a semiconductor protection element as electronic components, which are shown in the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 u. 2nd
the operating state or the tripping state of a two-pole surge arrester with a known thermal protection device,
Fig. 3 u. 4th
the operating state or the tripping state of a two-pole surge arrester with thermal protection device according to the invention,
Fig. 5
the front view of the thermal overload protection device according to the invention located on a three-pole surge arrester in the operating state,
Fig. 6
the side view,
Fig. 7
the rear view,
Fig. 8
6 corresponding side view with thermal overload protection device in the tripped state,
Fig. 9
the side view of a semiconductor protection device with thermal overload protection device according to the invention in the operating state,
Fig. 10
the top view,
Fig. 11
the front view and
Fig. 12
the front view in the triggered state of the thermal overload protection device.

Der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte zweipolige Überspannungsableiter 1 umfaßt zuei Außenelektroden 3,4 und ein Schmelzelement 13, gegen das in bekannter Weise ein Federbügel 6 unter der Federkraft F gedrückt ist. Beim Auftreten einer zeitlich länger andauernden thermischen Überlast erreicht das Schmelzelement 13 und nimmt die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Form an. Dabei kommen die Kontaktfinger des Federbügels 6 in Kontakt mit den Außenelektroden 3,4 des Überspannungsableiters 1, wodurch der Überspannungsableiter 1 vor einer Zerstörung geschützt wird. Nachteilig ist, daß die Federkraft F nicht zu groß gewählt werden kann, da sonst bereits eine plastische Verformung des Schmelzelementes 13 im Betriebstemperaturbereich eintreten kann, die zu einem unerwünschten Überbrücken der Außenelektroden 3,4 führen würde. Bei den üblichen Federkräfetn F sind die erzielbaren Kontaktkräfte zwischen dem Kurzschlußbügel 6 und den Außenelektroden 3,4 aber so gering, daß keine stoßstromfeste Überbrückung erreicht werden kann.The two-pole surge arrester 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes external electrodes 3, 4 and a melting element 13, against which a spring clip 6 is pressed under the spring force F in a known manner. If a thermal overload that lasts longer occurs, the melting element 13 reaches and takes the form shown in FIG. 2. The contact fingers of the spring clip 6 come into contact with the outer electrodes 3, 4 of the surge arrester 1, as a result of which the surge arrester 1 is protected against destruction. It is disadvantageous that the spring force F cannot be selected too large, since otherwise plastic deformation of the melting element 13 can occur in the operating temperature range, which would lead to an undesired bridging of the outer electrodes 3, 4. In the usual spring force F, the achievable contact forces between the shorting bar 6 and the outer electrodes 3, 4 are so low, however, that a surge current-proof bridging cannot be achieved.

Bei der in den Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen thermischen Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung für einen zweipoligen Überspannungsableiter als elektronisches Bauelement sind die Kontaktfinger 10,11 des Kurzschlußbügels 6 durch zwei Auslösebügel 16 isolierend auf Abstand zu den Außenelektroden 3,4 gehalten. Die Auslösebügel 16 drücken mit der Federkraft K gegen das Schmelzelement 13, das gleichzeitig gegen den Überspannungsableiter 1 gedrückt ist. Beim Erweichen des Schmelzelementes 13 unter Wirkung einer thermischen Überlast drückt die Federkraft K die beiden Auslösebügel 16 nach innen, sodaß der in Fig. 4 dargestellte Auslösezustand erreicht wird, bei dem die Federkraft F des Kurzschlußbügels 6 ungehindert von den beiden Auslösebügeln 16 wirksam wird. Die beiden Kontaktfinger 10,11 kontaktieren die Außenelektroden 3,4 mit voller Federkraft F.In the thermal overload protection device according to the invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 for a two-pole surge arrester as an electronic component, the contact fingers 10, 11 of the shorting bar 6 are insulated from one another by means of two release bars 16, at a distance from the outer electrodes 3, 4. The trigger bracket 16 press with the spring force K against the melting element 13, which is simultaneously pressed against the surge arrester 1. When the melting element 13 softens under the effect of a thermal overload, the spring force K presses the two release brackets 16 inward, so that the release state shown in FIG. 4 is reached, in which the spring force F of the short-circuit bracket 6 becomes effective unhindered by the two release brackets 16. The two contact fingers 10, 11 contact the outer electrodes 3, 4 with full spring force F.

Die in den Figuren 5 bis a dargestellte Ausführungsform der thermischen Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung dient für einen gasgefüllten, dreipoligen, zylindrischen Überspannungsableiter 1. Dieser umfaßt eine Mittelelektrode 2, die in nicht näher dargestellter Weise mit der Erde verbunden ist, und zwei Außenelektroden 3,4, wobei zwischen der Mittelelektrode 2 und jeder Außenelektrode 3,4 eine gasgefüllte Ableiterkammer 5 mit Funkenstrecke vorhanden ist.The embodiment of the thermal overload protection device shown in FIGS. 5 to a is used for a gas-filled, three-pole, cylindrical surge arrester 1. This comprises a center electrode 2, which is connected to the earth in a manner not shown, and two outer electrodes 3, 4, a gas-filled surge chamber 5 with a spark gap is present between the center electrode 2 and each outer electrode 3, 4.

Um den Überspannungsableiter 1 herum sind eine Einrichtung 15 zur Auslösung und eine Einrichtung 17 zur Betätigung des aus federelastischem Material gebildeten Kurzschlußbügels 6 angeordnet. Dieser besteht aus zwei kreisförmig gebogenen Federbügeln 7,8, die den Überspannungsableiter 1 um etwa 270° umschließen und die im Abstand voneinander und parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, einem die freien Enden der Federbügel 7,8 verbindenden Steg 9, der in Längsrichtung der Mantelfläche des Überspannungsableiters 1 angeordnet ist und an seinen Enden je einen Kontaktfinger 10,11 trägt, die den Außenelektroden 3,4 zugeordnet sind und in einem Abstand zu diesen gehalten sind. Der Kurzschlußbügel 6 umfaßt am anderen Ende seiner beiden Federbügel 7 ein Fußplättchen 12, das die beiden auf Abstand stehenden Federbügel 7,8 miteinander verbindet.Arranged around the surge arrester 1 are a device 15 for triggering and a device 17 for actuating the shorting bar 6, which is made of resilient material. This consists of two circularly curved spring clips 7, 8, which enclose the surge arrester 1 by approximately 270 ° and which are arranged at a distance from one another and parallel to one another, a web 9 connecting the free ends of the spring clips 7, 8, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the lateral surface of the Surge arrester 1 is arranged and carries at its ends a contact finger 10, 11, which are assigned to the outer electrodes 3, 4 and are held at a distance from them. The short-circuiting bracket 6 comprises at the other end of its two spring clips 7 a foot plate 12 which connects the two spring clips 7, 8 which are at a distance from one another.

Die Auslöseeinrichtung 15 umfaßt den kreisförmig gebogenen federelastischen Auslösebügel 16, der zwischen den beiden Federbügeln 7,8 des Kurzschlußbügels 6 angeordnet ist, mit dem Fußplättchen 12 des Kurzschlußbügels 6 verbunden ist und mit dem Kurzschlußbügel 6 einstückig aus Federmaterial, insbesondere Federstahl, hergestellt ist. Wie es insbesondere die Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 6 zeigt, liegt das Fußplättchen 12 des Kurzschlußbügels 6 und zugleich des Auslösebügels 16 an der Mantelfläche des Überspannungsableiters 1 etwa bei der Uhrzeit 5 Uhr an, umspannt den Überspannungsableiter 1 um etwa 220 ° und hält bei der Uhrzeit 11 Uhr ein Schmelzelement 13 in Form einer Lotpille fest, indem es dieses gegen den Umfang des Überspannungsableiters 1 drückt. Am freien Ende 14 des Auslösebügels 16 ist die Einrichtung 17 zur Betätigung des Kurzschlußbügels 6 befestigt.The release device 15 comprises the circularly curved spring-elastic release bracket 16, which is arranged between the two spring clips 7, 8 of the short-circuit clip 6, is connected to the base plate 12 of the short-circuit clip 6, and is made in one piece with the short-circuit clip 6 from spring material, in particular spring steel. As shown in particular in the side view according to FIG. 6, the foot plate 12 of the shorting bar 6 and at the same time the release bar 16 lies on the outer surface of the surge arrester 1 at about 5 o'clock, spans the surge arrester 1 by about 220 ° and stops at the time 11 o'clock a melting element 13 in the form of a solder pill by pressing it against the circumference of the surge arrester 1. At the free end 14 of the trigger bracket 16, the device 17 for actuating the shorting bracket 6 is attached.

Die Einrichtung 17 zur Betätigung des Kurzschlußbügels 6 umfaßt ein etwa der Breite des Auslösebügels 16 entsprechendes Verriegelungselement 18, das zwischen dem Steg 9 des Kurzschlußbügels 6 und der Mantelfläche des Überspannungsableiters 1 etwa bei der Uhrzeit 13 Uhr 30 eingespannt ist. Das in der Seitenansicht bremsklotzartig ausgebildetee Verriegelungselement 18 weist an seinem rückwärtigen, zum Schmelzelement 13 gerichteten Ende einen Ansatz 19 kleinerer Dicke auf, der mit dem Auslösebügel 16 verbunden ist.The device 17 for actuating the shorting bar 6 comprises a locking element 18 corresponding approximately to the width of the release bar 16, which is clamped between the web 9 of the shorting bar 6 and the outer surface of the surge arrester 1 at approximately 1:30 p.m. The locking element 18, which is designed like a brake block in the side view, has at its rear end directed towards the melting element 13 an extension 19 of smaller thickness, which is connected to the release bracket 16.

Die beschriebene thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung gemaß den Figuren 5 bis 8 arbeitet wie folgt:
Der als mittlere Feder ausgebildete Auslösebügel 16 drückt gegen das Schmelzelement 13 in Form einer Lotpille und hält das Verriegelungselement 18 fest, das sich zwischen dem Steg 9 des Kurzschlußbügels 6 und dem Umfang des Überspannungsableiters 1 befindet. Der Kurzschlußbügel 6 ist damit am Schließen seiner Kontaktfinger 10,11 mit den Außenelektroden 3,4 gehindert. Sobald das Schmelzelement 13 beim Erreichen einer Grenztemperatur erweicht, welche bei einer Überbelastung des Überspannungsableiter 1 erreicht werden kann, wird das Verriegelungselement 18 tangential verschoben und der Kurzschlußbügel 6 drückt die beiden Kontaktfinger 10, 11 mit seiner vollen Federkraft gegen die Außenelektroden 3,4. Damit ist der Überspannungsableiter 1 durch Kurzschluß geschützt.The described thermal overload protection device according to FIGS. 5 to 8 works as follows:
The trigger bracket 16 designed as a middle spring presses against the melting element 13 in the form of a solder pill and holds the locking element 18, which is located between the web 9 of the shorting bar 6 and the circumference of the surge arrester 1. The shorting bar 6 is thus closing his contact fingers 10,11 with the outer electrodes 3,4 prevented. As soon as the melting element 13 softens when a limit temperature is reached, which can be achieved when the surge arrester 1 is overloaded, the locking element 18 is displaced tangentially and the shorting bar 6 presses the two contact fingers 10, 11 with its full spring force against the external electrodes 3, 4. The surge arrester 1 is thus protected by a short circuit.

Die voranstehend beschriebene Wirkung des Auslösebügels 16 ist darin begründet, daß dieser unter der Wirkung seiner Federkraft beim Erweichen des Schmelzelementes 13 sich radial der Umfangsfläche des Überspannungsableiters 1 nähert, wobei sich sein freies Ende 14 in Uhrzeigerrichtung aus der Stellung 12 Uhr in Sie Stellung 14 Uhr bewegt, wie es in Fig. 8 dargestellt ist. Dabei wird das am freien Ende 14 des Auslösebügels 16 befestigte Verriegelungselement 18 tangential bewegt, wie es in Fig. 8 dargestellt ist, so daß das Verriegelungselement 18 außer Eingriff mit dem Steg 9 kommt und die Kontaktfinger 10,11 des Kurzschlußbügels 6 nunmehr mit voller Federkraft gegen die Außenelektroden 3,4 des Überspannungsableiters 1 drücken können. In der Figur 8 ist das Schmelzelement 13 in Form der Lotpille im erweichten bzw. geschmolzenen Zustand dargestellt.The above-described effect of the trigger bracket 16 is due to the fact that under the action of its spring force when the melting element 13 softens, it radially approaches the peripheral surface of the surge arrester 1, its free end 14 moving clockwise from the position 12 o'clock to you position 2 o'clock moved as shown in Fig. 8. The locking element 18 fastened to the free end 14 of the release bracket 16 is moved tangentially, as shown in FIG. 8, so that the locking element 18 disengages from the web 9 and the contact fingers 10, 11 of the shorting bracket 6 now with full spring force can press against the external electrodes 3, 4 of the surge arrester 1. FIG. 8 shows the melting element 13 in the form of the solder pill in the softened or melted state.

In diesem Falle kommt es zu einem Kurzschluß zwischen der geerdeten Mittelelektrode 2 und den Außenelektroden 3,4 , so daß das gewünschte FAIL-SAFE-Verhalten in Form eines SERVO-FAIL-SAFE-Verhaltens erreicht ist.In this case there is a short circuit between the grounded center electrode 2 and the outer electrodes 3, 4, so that the desired FAIL-SAFE behavior in the form of a SERVO-FAIL-SAFE behavior is achieved.

Die in den Figuren 9 bis 12 dargestellte weitere Ausführungsform der thermischen Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung dient für ein Halbleiterschutzbauelement 20, z.B. Thytistor- oder Spannungsbegrenzer-Diode, das mit zwei Anschlußbeinen 21,22 für die a- und b-Leitungen einer Fernsprecheinrichtung und einem mittleren Anschlußbein 23 für den Erdanschluß versehen ist. Bis zu einer Ansprechspannung wirkt das Bauelement 20 isolierend. Ab einer bestimmten Ansprechspannung setzt ein Stromfluß ein, wobei bei der Thyristor-Diode die Spannung auf eine Restspannung zusammenbricht und bei der Z- oder Suppressor-Diode sich eine Begrenzungsspannung einstellt. In beider Fällen wird in Verbindung mit dem Stromfluß eine Leistung umgesetzt, die zu einer unzulässigen Erwärmung des Bauelementes 20 führen kann.The further embodiment of the thermal overload protection device shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 is used for a semiconductor protection component 20, for example a thytistor or voltage limiter diode, which has two connecting legs 21, 22 for the a and b lines of a telephone device and a middle one Leg 23 is provided for the ground connection. The component 20 has an insulating effect up to a response voltage. From a certain response voltage, a current begins to flow, the voltage collapsing to a residual voltage in the thyristor diode and a limiting voltage being established in the Z or suppressor diode. In both cases, a power is implemented in connection with the current flow, which can lead to inadmissible heating of the component 20.

Um dies zu verhindern, ist das Halbleiterschutzbauelement 20 von einem einteiligen Blechgehäuse 24 umgeben, das aus einer Bodenplatte 25, einer Rückwand 26 sowie einer Deckplatte 27 besteht. An der Rückwand 26 sind die rückwärtigen Enden von zwei seitlichen Kurzschlußbügeln 6 angebracht, an deren freien Enden die Kontaktfinger 10,11 ausgebildet sind. Am freien Ende der Deckplatte 27, die mittels des Schmelzelementes 13 auf Abstand zum Bauelement 20 gehalten ist, sind zwei Auslösebügel 16 angebracht, welche im Betriebszustand die Kontaktfinger 10,11 der Kurzschlußbügel 6 im Abstand zu den Anschlußbeinen 21,22 halten, wie es Figur 11 zeigt. Im Auslösezustand gemäß Figur 12 kommen die Auslösebügel 16 außer Eingriff mit den Kontaktfingern 10,11 des Kurzschlußbügels 16, sodaß dieser mit voller Kontaktfederkraft P gegen die Anschlußbeine 21,22 drücken kann , um diese auf Erde zu legen . Hierzu ist das mittlere Anschlußbein 23 mittels einer Erdlasche 28 mit der Bodenplatte 25 des Blechgehäuses 24 verbunden.To prevent this, the semiconductor protection component 20 is surrounded by a one-piece sheet metal housing 24, which consists of a base plate 25, a rear wall 26 and a cover plate 27. On the rear wall 26, the rear ends of two lateral shorting bars 6 are attached, on the free ends of which the contact fingers 10, 11 are formed. At the free end of the cover plate 27, which is held at a distance from the component 20 by means of the melting element 13, two trigger brackets 16 are attached, which in the operating state keep the contact fingers 10, 11 of the shorting brackets 6 at a distance from the connecting legs 21, 22, as shown in FIG 11 shows. In the tripped state according to FIG. 12, the tripping bars 16 disengage from the contact fingers 10, 11 of the shorting bar 16, so that the latter can press against the connecting legs 21, 22 with full contact spring force P in order to lay them on earth. For this purpose, the middle connecting leg 23 is connected to the base plate 25 of the sheet metal housing 24 by means of an earth tab 28.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTEREFERENCE SIGN LIST

11
ÜberspannungsableiterSurge arresters
22nd
MittelelektrodeCenter electrode
33rd
AußenelektrodeOuter electrode
44th
AußenelektrodeOuter electrode
55
AbleiterkammerArrester chamber
66
KurzschlußbügelShorting bar
77
FederbügelSpring clip
88th
FederbügelSpring clip
99
Stegweb
1010th
KontaktfingerContact finger
1111
KontaktfingerContact finger
1212
FußplättchenFoot plate
1313
SchmelzelementMelting element
1414
freies Endefree end
1515
AuslöseeinrichtungRelease device
1616
AuslösebügelRelease bracket
1717th
BetätigungseinrichtungActuator
1818th
VerriegelungselementLocking element
1919th
Ansatzapproach
2020th
HalbleiterschutzbauelementSemiconductor protection device
2121
AnschlußbeinConnection leg
2222
AnschlußbeinConnection leg
2323
AnschlußbeinConnection leg
2424th
BlechgehäuseSheet metal housing
2525th
BodenplatteBase plate
2626
RückwandBack wall
2727th
DeckplatteCover plate
2828
ErdlascheEarth tab

Claims (6)

Thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung für elektronische Bauelemente, insbesondere für die Fernmelde- und Datentechnik, aus einem federelastischen Kurzschlußbügel und aus einem Schmelzelement, wobei die Auslösung des Kurzschlußbügels in Abhängigkeit vom Erweichen des Schmelzelementes erfolgt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß voneinander getrennte Einrichtungen (15,17) zur Auslösung und zur Betätigung des Kurzschlußbügels (6) vorgesehen sind.Thermal overload protection device for electronic components, in particular for telecommunications and data technology, from a spring-elastic shorting bar and from a fusing element, the shorting bar being triggered depending on the softening of the fusing element,
characterized,
that separate devices (15, 17) are provided for triggering and for actuating the shorting bar (6). Thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslöseeinrichtung (15) aus einem federeleastischen Auslösebügel (6), der mittels des Schmelzelementes (13) auf Abstand zum elektronischen Bauelement gehalten ist, und die Betätigungseinrichtung (17) aus einem Verriegelungselement (18) gebildet sind, das den Kurzschlußbügel (6) auf Abstand zum elektronischen Bauelement hält und an dem der Auslösebügel (16) zum Lösen der Verriegelungseinrichtung (18) angreift.Thermal overload protection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the release device (15) consists of a spring-elastic release bracket (6), which is kept at a distance from the electronic component by means of the melting element (13), and the actuating device (17) consists of a locking element ( 18) are formed, which keeps the short-circuiting bracket (6) at a distance from the electronic component and on which the release bracket (16) acts to release the locking device (18). Thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das elektronische Bauelement mit mindestens zwei Elektroden und der federelatische Kurzschlußbügel mit mindestens einem Kontaktfinger versehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kontaktfinger (10,11) des federelastischen Kurzschlußbügels (6) mittels des Verriegelungselementes (18) auf Abstand zur zugeordneten Elektrode (3,4) des elektronischen Bauelementes gehalten ist und daß der am Verriegelungselement (18) angreifende Auslösebügel (16) das Verriegelungselement (18) beim Erweichen des Schmelzelementes (13) außer Eingriff mit dem federelastischen Kurzschlußbügel (6) bringt.Thermal overload protection device according to claim 2, wherein the electronic component is provided with at least two electrodes and the spring-elastic shorting bar with at least one contact finger, characterized in that the contact finger (10, 11) of the spring-elastic shorting bar (6) by means of the locking element (18) at a distance is held to the associated electrode (3, 4) of the electronic component and that the release bracket (16) engaging the locking element (18) disengages the locking element (18) when the melting element (13) softens, with the resilient short-circuiting bracket (6). Thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 3, wobei das elektronische Bauelement als ein dreipoliger Überspannungsableiter mit einer Mittelelektrode und zwei Außenelektroden und der federelastische Kurzschlußbügel mit zwei, den Außenelektroden zugeordneten Kontaktfingern versehen ist, ausgebildet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der federelastische Kurzschlußbügel (6) zwei den Überspannungsableiter (1) über etwa 270° umschließende Federbügel (7,8) aufweist, zwischen denen der Auslösebügel (16) angeordnet ist, daß die freien Enden der Federbügel (7,8) mit einem die beiden Kontaktfinger (10,11) in Längsrichtung des Überspannungsableiters (1) verlaufenden Steg (3) verbunden sind und daß zwischen dem Steg (9) und dem Überspannungsableiter (1) das Verriegelungselement (18) eingespannt ist, an dem das freie Ende (14) des Auslösebügels (16) befestigt ist,Thermal overload protection device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic component is designed as a three-pole surge arrester with a central electrode and two outer electrodes and the resilient shorting bar is provided with two contact fingers assigned to the outer electrodes, characterized in that the resilient shorting bar (6) is two the surge arrester (1) has about 270 ° enclosing spring bracket (7,8), between which the trigger bracket (16) is arranged that the free ends of the spring bracket (7,8) with one of the two contact fingers (10,11) in Longitudinal direction of the surge arrester (1) extending web (3) are connected and that between the web (9) and the surge arrester (1) the locking element (18) is clamped to which the free end (14) of the release bracket (16) is attached , Thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Federbügel (7,8) und der Auslösebügel (16) einstückig ausgebildet sind und an einem Ende mit einem gemeinsamen Fußplättchen (12) verbunden sind.Thermal overload protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that the two spring clips (7, 8) and the release clip (16) are formed in one piece and are connected at one end to a common foot plate (12). Thermische Überlast-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bauelement (20) von einem einteiligen Blechgehäuse (24) umgeben ist, das aus einer Bodenplatte (25), einer Rückwand (26) und einer Deckplatte (27) gebildet ist, und daß an der Deckplatte (27) als Auslöseeinrichtung (15) zwei Auslösebügel (16) und an der Rückwand (25) als Betätigungseinrichtung (17) zwei Kurzschlußbügel (6) mit an den Enden angesetzten Kontaktfingern (10,11) angeformt sind.Thermal overload protection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the component (20) is surrounded by a one-piece sheet metal housing (24) which is formed from a base plate (25), a rear wall (26) and a cover plate (27), and that two trigger brackets (16) are formed on the cover plate (27) as a triggering device (15) and two shorting bars (6) with contact fingers (10, 11) attached to the ends are formed on the rear wall (25) as an actuating device (17).
EP92102812A 1991-06-05 1992-02-20 Thermic overload protection device for electronic components Expired - Lifetime EP0516922B1 (en)

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DE4118738A DE4118738C1 (en) 1991-06-05 1991-06-05
DE4118738 1991-06-05

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EP (1) EP0516922B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05198243A (en)
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DE3921225C1 (en) * 1989-06-28 1990-07-19 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen, De Protective device for distributor in telecommunications system - has over-voltage arrester with wire-type terminal pins, e.g. for telephone exchange
DE9001687U1 (en) * 1990-02-09 1990-04-12 Krone Ag, 1000 Berlin, De

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995028024A1 (en) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-19 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson A device for indicating a destroyed arrester
US5805070A (en) * 1994-04-12 1998-09-08 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Device for indicating a destroyed arrester
WO1998037605A1 (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas-filled surge protector with external short-circuiting device
US6445560B1 (en) 1997-02-21 2002-09-03 Epcos Ag Gas-filled surge protector with external short-circuiting device
EP1821379A2 (en) * 1997-02-21 2007-08-22 Epcos Ag Gas filled surge absorber with exterior short circuit device
EP1821379A3 (en) * 1997-02-21 2007-11-07 Epcos Ag Gas filled surge absorber with exterior short circuit device
US10148085B2 (en) 2014-03-13 2018-12-04 Epcos Ag Surge arrester having protection against heating
WO2015139893A1 (en) * 2014-03-20 2015-09-24 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Surge protection device, comprising at least one surge arrester and one short-circuit switching device which is connected in parallel with the surge arrester, can be thermally tripped and is spring-pretensioned
US10014098B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2018-07-03 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Surge protection device, comprising at least one surge arrester and one short-circuit switching device which is connected in parallel with the surge arrester, can be thermally tripped and is spring-pretensioned
WO2017097584A1 (en) * 2015-12-09 2017-06-15 Epcos Ag Electrical protection component having a short-circuit device
US20180351329A1 (en) * 2015-12-09 2018-12-06 Epcos Ag Electrical Protection Component Having a Short-Circuit Device
US11128107B2 (en) 2015-12-09 2021-09-21 Epcos Ag Electrical protection component having a thermal short-circuit device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW225605B (en) 1994-06-21
ZA921453B (en) 1992-12-30
AU650099B2 (en) 1994-06-09
CA2063771A1 (en) 1992-12-06
DE59200431D1 (en) 1994-10-06
DE4118738C1 (en) 1992-12-24
IE920532A1 (en) 1992-12-16
EP0516922A3 (en) 1993-09-01
BR9202058A (en) 1993-02-02
CN1067526A (en) 1992-12-30
EP0516922B1 (en) 1994-08-31
JPH05198243A (en) 1993-08-06
ATE110881T1 (en) 1994-09-15
AU1135192A (en) 1992-12-10
US5248953A (en) 1993-09-28
NO920672D0 (en) 1992-02-20
TR26437A (en) 1995-03-15
NO920672L (en) 1992-12-07

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