EP0515872A2 - Sensor arrangement for firing ammunition - Google Patents

Sensor arrangement for firing ammunition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0515872A2
EP0515872A2 EP92107564A EP92107564A EP0515872A2 EP 0515872 A2 EP0515872 A2 EP 0515872A2 EP 92107564 A EP92107564 A EP 92107564A EP 92107564 A EP92107564 A EP 92107564A EP 0515872 A2 EP0515872 A2 EP 0515872A2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
sensor device
receiver
target
sensor
transmitter
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Granted
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EP92107564A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0515872B1 (en
EP0515872A3 (en
Inventor
Robert Dr. Westphal
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Diehl Verwaltungs Stiftung
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Diehl GmbH and Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
    • F42C13/04—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by radio waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a sensor device is known from EP 0 375 872 A1 as a seismic wake-up sensor with a response threshold which is set depending on the ambient conditions at the place of use, in particular on the nature of the subsurface, in order to avoid an excessive error signal rate and on the other hand, to be able to ensure reproducible sensitivity to specific targets or target objects.
  • the invention relates to a sensor device for a land mine with a submunition operating mechanism according to GB 2 174 482 A.
  • the wake-up sensor initiates the lifting of the active body from a stationary starting device, whereupon the active body descends from the parachute hanging in the target area and searches for it in a spiral-restricting manner using a search detonator sensor.
  • the warhead initiates the warhead with a project-forming shaped charge insert in the direction of the target or target object. It can be problematic, however, that a time span that cannot be shortened as desired elapses for the kinematics when the wake-up sensor responds, i.e.
  • the take off from the starter should only be initiated if the speed and direction of the target movement are oriented so that the search cylinder active body rose from its target object actually in its effective area, if possible in the center of it.
  • the active body should remain in its operational readiness if the probability is too low that the target object detected by the wake-up sensor can actually be successfully repelled due to its motion vectors.
  • the active body for example, which is moved by hand or by means of a launcher, does not rise too high above the ground for reasons of camouflage, so that even low bumps or vegetation in the area prevents a direct view of the approaching target object.
  • the aim should be to allow the individual active bodies of a minefield to communicate with one another, so that even if several wake-up sensors are activated, the defense mechanism is only initiated where, due to the relative position to the current target movement, there is the greatest chance of success for the target acquisition in the descent phase of the active body.
  • the object of the invention is to design a sensor device of the generic type in such a way that it can at least detect the distance and the speed of an approaching target object, even without a line of sight to the target, using simple apparatus to be formed for the optimization of the use, in particular of an active body based on the detonator submunition.
  • the sensor device has the advantage that with a relatively low overall height, i. Attachment of the at least one antenna above the ground, comparatively precise target information relating to target distance and target speed or possibly also regarding the direction of speed of the target to be combated can be obtained for the criterion of triggering the active body.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention for triggering an active body which is illustrated schematically in the drawing in a block diagram.
  • the figure shows in a block the sensor device 10 operating on the principle of a pulse Doppler radar, which is connected to a wake-up sensor 12, which is indicated by the arrow 14.
  • the alarm sensor 12 is an acoustic and / or a sensor that responds to seismic signals.
  • the sensor device 10 has a transmitter 16 and a receiver 18, the transmitter 16 having a pulse modulator and a coherent oscillator for generating a pulse-modulated transmission signal.
  • the transmitter 16 and the receiver 18 are decoupled via a receiver protection switch 20.
  • the at least one antenna is designated by the reference number 22. It is, for example, a horizontally polarized Yagi antenna or a rod antenna.
  • the antenna 22 serves both as a transmitting antenna and as a receiving antenna. However, it is also possible for the transmitter 16 and to assign a separate antenna to the receiver 18.
  • the receiver 18 has a first receiver mixer 24 with a first input 26, a second input 28 and an intermediate frequency signal output 30 and a second receiver mixer 32 with a first input 34, a second input 36 and an output 38.
  • the receiver protection switch 20 is connected to the first input 26 of the first receiver mixer 24 via a bandpass filter and a low-noise preamplifier 42.
  • the second input 28 of the first receiver mixer 24 is connected to a backmix signal output 44 of the transmitter 16.
  • the intermediate frequency signal output 30 of the first receiver mixer 24 is connected to the first input 34 of the second receiver mixer 32 via a low-pass filter 46 and an amplifier 48.
  • the second input 36 of the second receiver mixer 32 which can be a quadrature detector generating bipolar video signals, is connected to an intermediate frequency signal output 50 of the transmitter 16.
  • the output 38 of the second receiver mixer 32 is connected to a signal processor 56 via a video amplifier 52 and an A / D converter system 54.
  • the sensor device 10 is suitable as a mine sensor against ground and air targets, which functions at a low height to determine the radial target distance and the radial target speed. This can provide line of sight to the target to be fought; however, this is not absolutely necessary.
  • the target direction can be determined in azimuth and elevation will.
  • the sensor device 10 works on the principle of a pulse Doppler radar with a frequency in the HF, VHF, UHF or microwave range. As has already been mentioned, at least one antenna 22 is required to determine the target distance and the target speed. If the target direction is also to be determined, at least three antennas 22 are required.
  • a pulse-modulated transmission signal with a frequency of 1000 MHz is generated by means of the aforementioned pulse modulator and coherent oscillator of transmitter 16.
  • the transmission pulses are emitted via a directional or omnidirectional antenna 22.
  • the transmitter 16 and the receiver 18 are decoupled via the receiver protection switch 20 during the transmission of the transmission pulses.
  • the echo signal which is reflected by the surrounding ground clutter and possible targets, reaches the receiver 18 via the at least one antenna 22, where the received signal is first bandpass-filtered (at 40) and then passes through a low-noise preamplifier 42 with a center frequency of 1000 MHz.
  • the signal is converted coherently with a backmix signal (at 44 or 28) of 880 MHz to an intermediate frequency of 120 MHz at the output 30.
  • the intermediate frequency signal of 120 MHz at the output 30 of the first receiver mixer 24 is raised to the required signal level in a subsequent amplifier 48 and is low-pass filtered by means of the low-pass filter 46, which has a cut-off frequency of 200 MHz.
  • This intermediate frequency signal of 120 MHz present at the first input 34 is mixed in the second receiver mixer 32 with a signal of 120 MHz which is present at the intermediate frequency signal output 50 of the transmitter 16.
  • a bipolar video signal is generated in the second receiver mixer 32 and is present at the output 38 of the second receiver mixer 32.
  • the signal at the output 38 is either single-channel or two-channel, consisting of the components in-phase signal and quadrature signal.
  • the signal at the output 38 of the second receiver mixer 32 is brought to the required signal level by means of a video amplifier 52 and fed to an A / D converter system 54.
  • This analog-to-digital converter system consists of one or two fast analog-to-digital converters.
  • the sampling frequency is designed for the pulse duration. In the exemplary embodiment described, the sampling frequency corresponding to the pulse duration of 50 ns is a minimum of 20 MHz.
  • the digitized received signal is further processed in the downstream signal processor 56.
  • the sensor device 10 When the sensor device 10 is used in an intelligent mine system, the sensor device 10 is initially passive. It is activated by a simply designed wake-up sensor 12, which is, for example, an acoustic sensor or a seismic sensor. In this way, the mine is very difficult to detect and locate, since the transmitter 16 only works briefly for a few ms.
  • a simply designed wake-up sensor 12 which is, for example, an acoustic sensor or a seismic sensor.
  • the sensor device 10 After the mine has been set up at the intended location, the sensor device 10 is first activated so that it can carry out a so-called clutter adaptation. This clutter adaptation consists in measuring the time-invariant signal echo of the environment. These time-invariant echo signals are stored in the signal processor 56. The sensor device 10 is then switched to the passive state. Now a possible target is moving in the air, e.g. a helicopter, or on the ground, e.g. If an armored vehicle to be fought passes within the range of the sensor device 10, the sensor device 10 is activated by means of the upstream wake-up sensor 12.
  • This clutter adaptation consists in measuring the time-invariant signal echo of the environment. These time-invariant echo signals are stored in the signal processor 56.
  • the sensor device 10 is then switched to the passive state. Now a possible target is moving in the air, e.g. a helicopter, or on the ground, e.g. If an armored vehicle to be fought passes within the range of the sensor device 10, the sensor
  • the direction of approach in azimuth and elevation is determined according to the interferrometer principle. As has been mentioned, at least three antennas 22 are required for this.
  • the direction can also be determined here using the Doppler radar principle with a plurality of antennas 22 as a partial basis.
  • the sensor device 10 is suitable for the threat analysis of Kpz.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

What is described is a sensor arrangement (10) for an active body, especially for a land mine against ground and air targets, which has an alarm sensor (12) responding to the approach of a target and circuit arrangements for the environment-adaptive setting of sensor evaluation circuits for releasing the active mechanism for defence against the target. Provided at a low height above the ground is at least one antenna (22) for radiating a non-directional electromagnetic groundwave and, if appropriate, also for receiving environmental reflections after delivery of the active body, which antenna, after being initiated by the alarm sensor (12), is also suitable for determining the relative movement of a target, which has entered the previously covered environment, by means of the reflections on said target. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensoreinrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a sensor device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine derartige Sensoreinrichtung ist aus der EP 0 375 872 A1 als seismischer Wecksensor mit einer Ansprechschwelle bekannt, die in Abhängigkeit von den Umgebungsbedingungen am Einsatzort, insbes. von der Beschaffenheit des Untergrundes, eingestellt wird, um einerseits eine zu hohe Fehler-Signalrate zu vermeiden und andererseits doch eine reproduzierbare Empfindlichkeit gegen spezifische Ziele bzw. Zielobjekte sicherstellen zu können.Such a sensor device is known from EP 0 375 872 A1 as a seismic wake-up sensor with a response threshold which is set depending on the ambient conditions at the place of use, in particular on the nature of the subsurface, in order to avoid an excessive error signal rate and on the other hand, to be able to ensure reproducible sensitivity to specific targets or target objects.

Insbesondere bezieht die Erfindung sich auf eine Sensoreinrichtung für eine Landmine mit Submunitions-Wirkmechanismus gemäß der GB 2 174 482 A. Bei ihr initiiert der Wecksensor das Abheben des Wirkkörpers aus einem stationär zurückbleibenden Startgerät, woraufhin der Wirkkörper am Fallschirm hängend wieder ins Zielgebiet absteigt und dieses mit einem Suchzünder-Sensor spiralförmig-einengend absucht. Bei Erfassen des zu bekämpfenden Zieles wird vom Suchzünder der Gefechtskopf mit projektbildender Hohlladungs-Einlage in Richtung auf das Ziel bzw. Zielobjekt ausgelöst. Problematisch kann allerdings sein, daß für die Kinematik ab Ansprechen des Wecksensors, also für den Aufstieg aus dem Startgerät und für den gebremsten rotierenden Abstieg ins Zielgebiet eine nicht beliebig verkürzbare Zeitspanne verstreicht, so daß keine Wirkung im Zielobjekt erzielbar ist, wenn dieses bspw. nur die Peripherie des Erfassungsbereiches des Wecksensors berührt und sich bereits wieder aus dem vom Wirkkörper erfaßbaren Bereich entfernt hat, wenn der Wirkkörper nach Durchgang seines Apogäums schließlich wieder mit eingeschaltetem Suchzünder ins Zielgebiet absteigt. Deshalb sollte das Abheben aus dem Startgerät überhaupt nur initiiert werden, wenn die Geschwindigkeit und die Richtung der Zielbewegung so orientiert sind, daß der Suchzylinder-Wirkkörper bei seinem Ab stieg dieses Zielobjekt auch tatsächlich in seinem Wirkbereich, möglichst in dessen Zentrum, erfassen wird. Dagegen soll der Wirkkörper in seiner Funktionsbereitschaft verharren, wenn die Wahrscheinlichkeit zu gering ist, daß das vom Wecksensor erfaßte Zielobjekt aufgrund seiner Bewegungsvektoren auch tatsächlich erfolgversprechend abgewehrt werden kann.In particular, the invention relates to a sensor device for a land mine with a submunition operating mechanism according to GB 2 174 482 A. The wake-up sensor initiates the lifting of the active body from a stationary starting device, whereupon the active body descends from the parachute hanging in the target area and searches for it in a spiral-restricting manner using a search detonator sensor. When the target to be fought is detected, the warhead initiates the warhead with a project-forming shaped charge insert in the direction of the target or target object. It can be problematic, however, that a time span that cannot be shortened as desired elapses for the kinematics when the wake-up sensor responds, i.e. for the ascent from the starting device and for the braked rotating descent, so that no effect can be achieved in the target object if, for example, only touches the periphery of the detection area of the wake-up sensor and has already moved away from the area that can be detected by the active body when the active body finally descends into the target area again after the apogee has passed through with the search detonator switched on. Therefore, the take off from the starter should only be initiated if the speed and direction of the target movement are oriented so that the search cylinder active body rose from its target object actually in its effective area, if possible in the center of it. In contrast, the active body should remain in its operational readiness if the probability is too low that the target object detected by the wake-up sensor can actually be successfully repelled due to its motion vectors.

Dabei ist jedoch problematisch, daß der bspw. von Hand oder mittels eines Werfers verbrachte Wirkkörper sich schon aus Tarnungsgründen nicht zu hoch über den Untergrund erhebt, so daß bereits niedrige Bodenwellen oder Bewuchs in der Umgebung die direkte Sicht zum sich annähernden Zielobjekt unterbindet. Zugleich wäre anzustreben, die einzelnen Wirkkörper eines Minenfeldes miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen, so daß auch bei Ansprechen mehrerer Wecksensoren nur dort der Abwehrmechanismus initiiert wird, wo aufgrund der relativen Position zur momentanen Zielbewegung die größte Erfolgsaussicht für die Zielaquisition in der Abstiegsphase des Wirkkörpers gegeben ist. Schließlich kann es für die Optimierung des Wirkkörper-Einsatzes noch von Interesse sein, nicht nur die radiale Entfernung und Geschwindigkeit des sich annähernden Zieles zu erfassen, sondern auch die Richtung zum erfaßten Zielobjekt, um daraus bspw. eine Kommandoübergabe an eine günstiger positionierte Mine ableiten zu können, ohne des apparativen Aufwands für ein Laser-Retromodulatorsystem zu bedürfen, wie es aus der DE 36 25 334 C2 bekannt ist.However, it is problematic here that the active body, for example, which is moved by hand or by means of a launcher, does not rise too high above the ground for reasons of camouflage, so that even low bumps or vegetation in the area prevents a direct view of the approaching target object. At the same time, the aim should be to allow the individual active bodies of a minefield to communicate with one another, so that even if several wake-up sensors are activated, the defense mechanism is only initiated where, due to the relative position to the current target movement, there is the greatest chance of success for the target acquisition in the descent phase of the active body. Finally, it may be of interest for the optimization of the active body use not only to detect the radial distance and speed of the approaching target, but also the direction to the detected target object, in order to derive a command transfer to a more favorably positioned mine, for example can, without requiring the equipment for a laser retromodulator system, as is known from DE 36 25 334 C2.

In Erkenntnis dieser Gegebenheiten und zu eröffnenden Möglichkeiten liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Sensoreinrichtung gattungsgemäßer Art derart auszulegen, daß sie auch ohne Sichtverbindung zum Ziel mit einfachen apparativen Mitteln wenigstens die Entfernung und die Geschwindigkeit eines sich annähernden Zielobjektes erfassen kann, um so die Grundlage zu bilden für die Optimierung des Einsatzes insbes. eines Wirkkörpers auf Basis der Suchzünder-Submunition.In recognition of these circumstances and the possibilities to be opened, the object of the invention is to design a sensor device of the generic type in such a way that it can at least detect the distance and the speed of an approaching target object, even without a line of sight to the target, using simple apparatus to be formed for the optimization of the use, in particular of an active body based on the detonator submunition.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Sensoreinrichtung gattungsgemäßer Art dadurch gelöst, daß sie gemäß dem Kennzeichnungsteil des Anspruches 1 ausgelegt ist. Bevorzugte Abwandlungen und Weiterbildungen dieser erfindungsgemäßen Lösung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.This object is achieved in a sensor device of the generic type in that it is designed according to the characterizing part of claim 1. Preferred modifications and developments of this solution according to the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung weist den Vorteil auf, daß mit ihr bei relativ geringer Gesamtbauhöhe, d.h. Anbringung der mindestens einen Antenne über Grund, vergleichsweise präzise Zielinformationen bezüglich Zielentfernung und Zielgeschwindigkeit bzw. gegebenenfalls auch bezüglich Geschwindigkeitsrichtung des zu bekämpfenden Zieles für das Kriterium der Auslösung des Wirkkörpers gewinnbar sind.The sensor device according to the invention has the advantage that with a relatively low overall height, i. Attachment of the at least one antenna above the ground, comparatively precise target information relating to target distance and target speed or possibly also regarding the direction of speed of the target to be combated can be obtained for the criterion of triggering the active body.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines in der Zeichnung schematisch in einer Blockdarstellung verdeutlichten Ausführungsbeispieles der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung zur Auslösung eines Wirkkörpers. Die Figur zeigt in einem Block die nach dem Prinzip eines Puls-Doppler-Radars arbeitende Sensoreinrichtung 10, die mit einem Wecksensor 12 verbunden ist, was durch den Pfeil 14 angedeutet ist. Bei dem Wecksensor 12 handelt es sich um einen akustischen und/oder um einen auf seismische Signale ansprechenden Sensor.Further details, features and advantages emerge from the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention for triggering an active body which is illustrated schematically in the drawing in a block diagram. The figure shows in a block the sensor device 10 operating on the principle of a pulse Doppler radar, which is connected to a wake-up sensor 12, which is indicated by the arrow 14. The alarm sensor 12 is an acoustic and / or a sensor that responds to seismic signals.

Die Sensoreinrichtung 10 weist einen Sender 16 und einen Empfänger 18 auf, wobei der Sender 16 zur Erzeugung eines pulsmodulierten Sendesignals einen Pulsmodulator und einen kohärenten Oszillator aufweist. Der Sender 16 und der Empfänger 18 sind über einen Empfängerschutzschalter 20 entkoppelt. Die mindestens eine Antenne ist mit der Bezugsziffer 22 bezeichnet. Bei ihr handelt es sich bspw. um eine horizontal polarisierte Yagi-Antenne oder um eine Stabantenne. Die Antenne 22 dient im zeichnerisch dargestellten Beispiel sowohl als Sendeantenne als auch als Empfangsantenne. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, dem Sender 16 und dem Empfänger 18 jeweils eine eigene Antenne zuzuordnen.The sensor device 10 has a transmitter 16 and a receiver 18, the transmitter 16 having a pulse modulator and a coherent oscillator for generating a pulse-modulated transmission signal. The transmitter 16 and the receiver 18 are decoupled via a receiver protection switch 20. The at least one antenna is designated by the reference number 22. It is, for example, a horizontally polarized Yagi antenna or a rod antenna. In the example shown in the drawing, the antenna 22 serves both as a transmitting antenna and as a receiving antenna. However, it is also possible for the transmitter 16 and to assign a separate antenna to the receiver 18.

Der Empfänger 18 weist einen ersten Empfängermischer 24 mit einem ersten Eingang 26, einem zweiten Eingang 28 sowie einem Zwischenfrequenzsignalausgang 30 sowie einen zweiten Empfängermischer 32 mit einem ersten Eingang 34, einem zweiten Eingang 36 und einem Ausgang 38 auf.The receiver 18 has a first receiver mixer 24 with a first input 26, a second input 28 and an intermediate frequency signal output 30 and a second receiver mixer 32 with a first input 34, a second input 36 and an output 38.

Der Empfängerschutzschalter 20 ist mit dem ersten Eingang 26 des ersten Empfängermischers 24 über ein Bandpaßfilter und einen rauscharmen Vorverstärker 42 verbunden. Der zweite Eingang 28 des ersten Empfängermischers 24 ist mit einem Rückmischsignalausgang 44 des Senders 16 verbunden. Der Zwischenfrequenzsignalausgang 30 des ersten Empfängermischers 24 ist über ein Tiefpaßfilter 46 und einen Verstärker 48 mit dem ersten Eingang 34 des zweiten Empfängermischers 32 verbunden. Der zweite Eingang 36 des zweiten Empfängermischers 32, bei dem es sich um einen bipolare Videosignale erzeugenden Quadraturdetektor handeln kann, ist mit einem Zwischenfrequenzsignalausgang 50 des Senders 16 verbunden.The receiver protection switch 20 is connected to the first input 26 of the first receiver mixer 24 via a bandpass filter and a low-noise preamplifier 42. The second input 28 of the first receiver mixer 24 is connected to a backmix signal output 44 of the transmitter 16. The intermediate frequency signal output 30 of the first receiver mixer 24 is connected to the first input 34 of the second receiver mixer 32 via a low-pass filter 46 and an amplifier 48. The second input 36 of the second receiver mixer 32, which can be a quadrature detector generating bipolar video signals, is connected to an intermediate frequency signal output 50 of the transmitter 16.

Der Ausgang 38 des zweiten Empfängermischers 32 ist über einen Videoverstärker 52 und ein A/D-Wandlersystem 54 mit einem Signalprozessor 56 verbunden.The output 38 of the second receiver mixer 32 is connected to a signal processor 56 via a video amplifier 52 and an A / D converter system 54.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung 10 eignet sich als Minensensor gegen Boden- und Luftziele, der in niedriger Höhe zur Bestimmung der radialen Zielentfernung und der radialen Zielgeschwindigkeit funktioniert. Hierbei kann zu dem zu bekämpfenden Ziel Sichtverbindung gegeben sein; diese ist jedoch nicht unbedingt erforderlich. Optional kann auch die Zielrichtung in Azimut und Elevation bestimmt werden. Die Sensoreinrichtung 10 arbeitet nach dem Prinzip eines Puls-Doppler-Radars mit einer Frequenz im HF-, VHF-, UHF- oder Mikrowellen-Bereich. Wie bereits erwähnt worden ist, ist zur Bestimmung der Zielentfernung und der Zielgeschwindigkeit mindestens eine Antenne 22 erforderlich. Soll außerdem auch die Zielrichtung bestimmt werden, so sind mindestens drei Antennen 22 erforderlich.The sensor device 10 according to the invention is suitable as a mine sensor against ground and air targets, which functions at a low height to determine the radial target distance and the radial target speed. This can provide line of sight to the target to be fought; however, this is not absolutely necessary. Optionally, the target direction can be determined in azimuth and elevation will. The sensor device 10 works on the principle of a pulse Doppler radar with a frequency in the HF, VHF, UHF or microwave range. As has already been mentioned, at least one antenna 22 is required to determine the target distance and the target speed. If the target direction is also to be determined, at least three antennas 22 are required.

Mittels des erwähnten Pulsmodulators und kohärenten Oszillators des Senders 16 wird bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Sensoreinrichtung 10 ein pulsmoduliertes Sendesignal mit einer Frequenz von 1000 MHz erzeugt. Die Sendeimpulse werden über eine Richt- oder Rundstrahlantenne 22 abgestrahlt. Der Sender 16 und der Empfänger 18 sind während der Aussendung der Sendeimpulse über den Empfängerschutzschalter 20 entkoppelt.In one exemplary embodiment of sensor device 10, a pulse-modulated transmission signal with a frequency of 1000 MHz is generated by means of the aforementioned pulse modulator and coherent oscillator of transmitter 16. The transmission pulses are emitted via a directional or omnidirectional antenna 22. The transmitter 16 and the receiver 18 are decoupled via the receiver protection switch 20 during the transmission of the transmission pulses.

Das Echosignal, das vom umliegenden Bodenclutter und von möglichen Zielen reflektiert wird, gelangt über die mindestens eine Antenne 22 in den Empfänger 18. Dort wird das Empfangssignal zunächst bandpaßgefiltert (bei 40) und durchläuft dann einen rauscharmen Vorverstärker 42 mit einer Mittenfrequenz von 1000 MHz.The echo signal, which is reflected by the surrounding ground clutter and possible targets, reaches the receiver 18 via the at least one antenna 22, where the received signal is first bandpass-filtered (at 40) and then passes through a low-noise preamplifier 42 with a center frequency of 1000 MHz.

Im nachfolgenden Empfängermischer 24 wird das Signal kohärent mit einem Rückmischsignal (bei 44 bzw. 28) von 880 MHz auf eine Zwischenfrequenz von 120 MHz am Ausgang 30 umgesetzt.In the subsequent receiver mixer 24, the signal is converted coherently with a backmix signal (at 44 or 28) of 880 MHz to an intermediate frequency of 120 MHz at the output 30.

Da alle Sende- und Empfangsoszillatoren auf eine gemeinsame 10 MHz-Referenzquelle phasenstarr angebunden sind, ist das gesamte System kohärent.Since all transmit and receive oscillators are phase-locked to a common 10 MHz reference source, the entire system is coherent.

Das Zwischenfrequenzsignal von 120 MHz am Ausgang 30 des ersten Empfängermischers 24 wird in einem nachfolgenden Verstärker 48 auf den erforderlichen Signalpegel angehoben und mittels des Tiefpaßfilters 46, das eine Grenzfrequenz von 200 MHz besitzt, tiefpaßgefiltert. Dieses am ersten Eingang 34 anstehende Zwischenfrequenzsignal von 120 MHz wird im zweiten Empfängermischer 32 mit einem Signal von 120 MHz gemischt, das am Zwischenfrequenzsignalausgang 50 des Senders 16 ansteht. Im zweiten Empfängermischer 32 wird ein bipolares Videosignal erzeugt, das am Ausgang 38 des zweiten Empfängermischers 32 ansteht. Je nach Ausführung der Sensoreinrichtung 10 ist das Signal am Ausgang 38 entweder einkanalig oder zweikanalig, bestehend aus den Bestandteilen Inphasesignal und Quadratursignal.The intermediate frequency signal of 120 MHz at the output 30 of the first receiver mixer 24 is raised to the required signal level in a subsequent amplifier 48 and is low-pass filtered by means of the low-pass filter 46, which has a cut-off frequency of 200 MHz. This intermediate frequency signal of 120 MHz present at the first input 34 is mixed in the second receiver mixer 32 with a signal of 120 MHz which is present at the intermediate frequency signal output 50 of the transmitter 16. A bipolar video signal is generated in the second receiver mixer 32 and is present at the output 38 of the second receiver mixer 32. Depending on the design of the sensor device 10, the signal at the output 38 is either single-channel or two-channel, consisting of the components in-phase signal and quadrature signal.

Das Signal am Ausgang 38 des zweiten Empfängermischers 32 wird mittels eines Videoverstärkers 52 auf den erforderlichen Signalpegel gebracht und einem A/D-Wandlersystem 54 zugeführt. Dieses Analog-Digital-Wandlersystem besteht aus ein bis zwei schnellen Analog-Digital-Wandler. Die Abtastfrequenz ist auf die Pulsdauer ausgelegt. Im beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt die Abtastfrequenz entsprechend der Pulsdauer von 50 ns minimal 20 MHz.The signal at the output 38 of the second receiver mixer 32 is brought to the required signal level by means of a video amplifier 52 and fed to an A / D converter system 54. This analog-to-digital converter system consists of one or two fast analog-to-digital converters. The sampling frequency is designed for the pulse duration. In the exemplary embodiment described, the sampling frequency corresponding to the pulse duration of 50 ns is a minimum of 20 MHz.

Das digitalisierte Empfangssignal wird in dem nachgeschalteten Signalprozessor 56 weiter verarbeitet.The digitized received signal is further processed in the downstream signal processor 56.

Beim Einsatz der Sensoreinrichtung 10 in einem intelligenten Minensystem ist die Sensoreinrichtung 10 zunächst passiv. Sie wird durch einen einfach ausgebildeten Wecksensor 12, bei dem es sich z.B. um einen Akustiksensor oder um einen Seismiksensor handelt, aktiviert. Auf diese Weise ist die Mine nur sehr schwer detektier- und ortbar, da der Sender 16 lediglich kurzzeitig während einiger ms arbeitet.When the sensor device 10 is used in an intelligent mine system, the sensor device 10 is initially passive. It is activated by a simply designed wake-up sensor 12, which is, for example, an acoustic sensor or a seismic sensor. In this way, the mine is very difficult to detect and locate, since the transmitter 16 only works briefly for a few ms.

Nach der Aufstellung der Mine am vorgesehenen Standort wird die Sensoreinrichtung 10 zunächst einmal aktiviert, so daß sie eine sog. Clutteradaption durchführen kann. Diese Clutteradaption besteht in der Messung des zeitinvarianten Signalechos der Umgebung. Diese zeitinvarianten Echosignale werden im Signalprozessor 56 abgespeichert. Danach wird die Sensoreinrichtung 10 in den passiven Zustand geschaltet. Bewegt sich nun ein mögliches Ziel entweder in der Luft, z.B. ein Hubschrauber, oder am Boden, z.B. ein zu bekämpfendes Panzerfahrzeug, innerhalb der Reichweite der Sensoreinrichtung 10 an dieser vorbei, so wird die Sensoreinrichtung 10 mittels des vorgeschalteten Wecksensor 12 aktiviert.After the mine has been set up at the intended location, the sensor device 10 is first activated so that it can carry out a so-called clutter adaptation. This clutter adaptation consists in measuring the time-invariant signal echo of the environment. These time-invariant echo signals are stored in the signal processor 56. The sensor device 10 is then switched to the passive state. Now a possible target is moving in the air, e.g. a helicopter, or on the ground, e.g. If an armored vehicle to be fought passes within the range of the sensor device 10, the sensor device 10 is activated by means of the upstream wake-up sensor 12.

Zur Bekämpfung von Luftzielen wird eine Bestimmung der Anflugrichtung in Azimut und Elevation nach dem Interferrometerprinzip durchgeführt. Hierzu werden -wie erwähnt worden ist- mindestens drei Antennen 22 benötigt. Die Richtungsbestimmung kann auch hierbei nach dem Doppler-Radarprinzip mit mehreren Antennen 22 als Teilbasis durchgeführt werden.To combat aerial targets, the direction of approach in azimuth and elevation is determined according to the interferrometer principle. As has been mentioned, at least three antennas 22 are required for this. The direction can also be determined here using the Doppler radar principle with a plurality of antennas 22 as a partial basis.

In anderer elektrischer Auslegung der Sendefrequenz, nämlich im Mikrowellenbereich, ist die Sensoreinrichtung 10 zur Bedrohungsanalyse von Kpz geeignet.In another electrical configuration of the transmission frequency, namely in the microwave range, the sensor device 10 is suitable for the threat analysis of Kpz.

Claims (13)

Sensoreinrichtung für einen Wirkkörper, insbes. für eine Landmine gegen Boden- und Luft-Ziele, mit einem auf die Annäherung eines Zieles ansprechenden Wecksensor (12) und mit Schaltungsanordnungen zur umgebungsadaptiven Einstellung von Sensor-Auswerteschaltungen zur Freigabe des Wirkmechanismus für die Abwehr des Zieles,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in niedriger Höhe über Grund wenigstens eine Antenne (22) zum Abstrahlen einer ungerichteten elektromagnetischen Bodenwelle und gegebenenfalls auch zur Aufnahme von Umgebungsreflexionen nach Verbringung des Wirkkörpers vorgesehen ist, sowie nach Initiierung durch den Wecksensor (12) auch zur Ermittlung der relativen Bewegung eines in die zuvor umfaßte Umgebung eingedrungenen Ziels aufgrund der Reflexionen an diesem.Sensor device for an active body, in particular for a land mine against ground and air targets, with a wake-up sensor (12) which responds to the approach of a target and with circuit arrangements for the environment-adaptive setting of sensor evaluation circuits for releasing the active mechanism for defense against the target,
characterized,
that at a low height above ground at least one antenna (22) is provided for emitting an omnidirectional electromagnetic bump and possibly also for recording ambient reflections after the active body has been moved, and after initiation by the alarm sensor (12) also for determining the relative movement of one into the previously encompassed surroundings of a penetrated target due to the reflections on it. Sensoreinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, mit einem Sender (16) und einem Empfänger (18),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Sensoreinrichtung (10) mindestens zur Bestimmung von Entfernung und Geschwindigkeit eines zu bekämpfenden Zieles vorgesehen ist, und daß Sender (16) und Empfänger (18) mit einer gemeinsamen Antenne (22) wirkverbunden und über einen Empfängerschutzschalter (20) voneinander entkoppelt sind.Sensor device according to claim 1, with a transmitter (16) and a receiver (18),
characterized by
that the sensor device (10) is provided at least for determining the distance and speed of a target to be combated, and that the transmitter (16) and receiver (18) are operatively connected to a common antenna (22) and decoupled from one another via a receiver protection switch (20). Sensoreinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 mit einem Sender (16) und einem Empfänger,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Sensoreinrichtung (10) mindestens zur Bestimmung von Entfernung und Geschwindigkeit eines zu bekämpfenden Zieles vorgesehen ist, und daß dem Sender (16) und dem Empfänger (18) jeweils eine eigene Antenne (22) zugeordnet ist.Sensor device according to claim 1 with a transmitter (16) and a receiver,
characterized,
that the sensor device (10) is provided at least for determining the distance and speed of a target to be combated, and that the transmitter (16) and the receiver (18) are each assigned their own antenna (22). Sensoreinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Sensoreinrichtung (10) nach dem Prinzip eines Puls-Doppler-Radars arbeitet, wobei der Sender (16) zur Erzeugung eines pulsmodulierten Sendesignals einen Pulsmodulator und einen koherenten Oszillator aufweist.Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
that the sensor device (10) operates on the principle of a pulse Doppler radar, the transmitter (16) having a pulse modulator and a coherent oscillator for generating a pulse-modulated transmission signal. Sensoreinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Sensoreinrichtung (10) zur Aussendung und zum Empfang eines frequenzmodulierten Dauerstrich-Sende- bzw. Empfangssignals vorgesehen ist.Sensor device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized by
that the sensor device (10) is provided for the transmission and reception of a frequency-modulated continuous wave transmission or reception signal. Sensoreinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Sensoreinrichtung (10) zusätzlich als drahtlose Kommunikationseinrichtung zwischen mehreren Wirkkörpern eines Wirkkörperfeldes vorgesehen ist.Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
that the sensor device (10) is additionally provided as a wireless communication device between a plurality of active bodies in an active body field. Sensoreinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zur Bestimmung von Entfernung und Geschwindigkeit und gegebenenfalls Richtung eines zu bekämpfenden Zieles mindestens drei Antennen (22) vorgesehen sind.Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
that at least three antennas (22) are provided for determining distance and speed and, if necessary, direction of a target to be combated. Sensoreinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Empfänger (18) einen ersten Empfängermischer (24) und einen zweiten Empfängermischer (32) mit einem ersten Eingang (26) an den Empfängerschutzschalter (20), mit einem zweiten Eingang (28) an einen Rückmischsignalausgang (44) des Senders (16) und mit seinem Zwischenfrequenzsignalausgang (30) mit einem ersten Eingang (34) des zweiten Empfängermischers (32) verbunden ist, dessen zweiter Eingang (36) mit einem Zwischenfrequenzsignalausgang (50) des Senders (16) und dessen Ausgang (38) mit dem Signalprozessor (56) verbunden ist, wobei die Signalfrequenz am Zwischenfrequenzsignalausgang (50) bzw. am zweiten Eingang (36) des zweiten Empfängermischers (32) und die Signalfrequenz am Zwischenfrequenzsignalausgang (30) des ersten Empfängermischers (24) und die Signalfrequenz des Zwischenfrequenzsignalausganges (50) des Senders (16) einander entsprechen.Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
that the receiver (18) has a first receiver mixer (24) and a second receiver mixer (32) with a first input (26) to the receiver protection switch (20), with a second input (28) to a return mix signal output (44) of the transmitter (16 ) and its intermediate frequency signal output (30) is connected to a first input (34) of the second receiver mixer (32), the second input (36) of which is connected to an intermediate frequency signal output (50) of the transmitter (16) and its output (38) to the signal processor (56) is connected, the signal frequency at the intermediate frequency signal output (50) or at the second input (36) of the second receiver mixer (32) and the signal frequency at the intermediate frequency signal output (30) of the first receiver mixer (24) and Signal frequency of the intermediate frequency signal output (50) of the transmitter (16) correspond to each other. Sensoreinrichtung nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Empfängerschutzschalter (20) über ein Bandpaßfilter (40) und einen rauscharmen Vorverstärker (42) mit dem ersten Eingang (26) des ersten Empfängermischers (24) verbunden ist.Sensor device according to claim 8,
characterized by
that the receiver protection switch (20) is connected via a bandpass filter (40) and a low-noise preamplifier (42) to the first input (26) of the first receiver mixer (24). Sensoreinrichtung nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Zwischenfrequenzsignalausgang (30) des ersten Empfängermischers (24) über ein Tiefpaßfilter (46) und einen Verstärker (48) mit dem ersten Eingang (34) des zweiten Empfängermischers (32) verbunden ist.Sensor device according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the intermediate frequency signal output (30) of the first receiver mixer (24) is connected via a low-pass filter (46) and an amplifier (48) to the first input (34) of the second receiver mixer (32). Sensoreinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der zweite Empfängermischer (32) ein Mischer oder ein bipolare Vidiosignale erzeugender Quadraturdetektor ist.Sensor device according to one of claims 8 to 10,
characterized,
that the second receiver mixer (32) is a mixer or a quadrature detector generating bipolar video signals. Sensoreinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Ausgang (38) des zweiten Empfängermischers (32) über einen Videoverstärker (52) und ein A/D-Wandler-System (54) mit dem Signalprozessor (56) verbunden ist.Sensor device according to one of claims 8 to 11,
characterized by
that the output (38) of the second receiver mixer (32) is connected to the signal processor (56) via a video amplifier (52) and an A / D converter system (54). Sensoreinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Wecksensor (12) ein auf akustische und/oder seismische Signale empfindlicher Sensor ist.Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
that the alarm sensor (12) is a sensor sensitive to acoustic and / or seismic signals.
EP92107564A 1991-05-31 1992-05-05 Sensor arrangement for firing ammunition Expired - Lifetime EP0515872B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4117873 1991-05-31
DE4117873A DE4117873C2 (en) 1991-05-31 1991-05-31 landmine

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EP0515872A3 EP0515872A3 (en) 1993-03-17
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EP0515872B1 (en) 1996-08-07
DE4117873A1 (en) 1992-12-03
EP0515872A3 (en) 1993-03-17
DE4117873C2 (en) 2002-11-14
US5206653A (en) 1993-04-27
DE59206866D1 (en) 1996-09-12

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