EP0513312A1 - Personal protection equipment including a suit with a self-contained supply system - Google Patents

Personal protection equipment including a suit with a self-contained supply system

Info

Publication number
EP0513312A1
EP0513312A1 EP92900827A EP92900827A EP0513312A1 EP 0513312 A1 EP0513312 A1 EP 0513312A1 EP 92900827 A EP92900827 A EP 92900827A EP 92900827 A EP92900827 A EP 92900827A EP 0513312 A1 EP0513312 A1 EP 0513312A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
garment
helmet
gas
valve
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP92900827A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Raymond Beaussant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aerosystems SAS
Original Assignee
Intertechnique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intertechnique SA filed Critical Intertechnique SA
Publication of EP0513312A1 publication Critical patent/EP0513312A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/006—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes against contamination from chemicals, toxic or hostile environments; ABC suits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to individual protective equipment in a hostile atmosphere, in particular in an atmosphere containing toxic or corrosive products, comprising a diving suit having a flexible garment and a helmet provided with a transparent visor and having an autonomous gas supply. breathing from a gas reserve.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide protective equipment ensuring a high level of security by respecting the hierarchy of sensitive points of the body and making it possible to mitigate, to a certain extent, the consequences of a leak. It also aims to slow down the increase in water vapor and carbon dioxide gas around the body.
  • the invention proposes in particular an individual protective equipment of the type defined above, characterized in that the face is separated from the garment by a seal, for example a face or neck seal, in that the reserve of respiratory gas is connected to a respiratory circuit opening into the helmet through a regulator provided to maintain the helmet in overpressure relative to the garment and in that the equipment comprises an oro-nasal mask having a suction valve from the helmet and a direct exhalation piping to the atmosphere through calibrated non-return means.
  • the expiration is made, in normal operation, directly to the atmosphere, out of the spacesuit, which avoids conserving water vapor, carbon dioxide and calories from exhaled gases.
  • the respiratory tract remains supplied with respiratory gas of satisfactory quality even in the event of a leak in the clothing.
  • the gas reserve is well used since it is only used for breathing, whereas in previous equipment it had to provide a sufficient flow rate to provide open circuit ventilation.
  • the tared non-return means comprise a first valve intended to maintain in the helmet an overpressure greater than the maximum overpressure in the garment, fixed by other calibrated valves.
  • An additional calibrated valve can then re ⁇ link part of the pipe which is between the first calibrated valve, delivering the atmosphere, and the outlet of the mask, inside the garment, through the joint.
  • a non-return valve is advantageously placed at the outlet of the mask to increase NBC protection.
  • the face is separated from the clothing by an isolation joint;
  • the reserve of breathing gas is connected to a breathing circuit opening out in the helmet through a regulator provided to maintain the volume around the face in overpressure relative to the garment;
  • the equipment also includes non-return tared expiration means towards the environment and a calibrated valve for admitting exhaled air into the garment when the expiration overpressure relative to the garment exceeds a determined value.
  • the diving suit advantageously comprises a ventilation circuit, which can be in open or closed circuit.
  • the respiratory gas reserve can be constituted, in a conventional manner, by a bottle of compressed gas. It can also be constituted by a tank of liquefied gas.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the general constitution of an individual protective equipment according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • the respiratory equipment shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises a spacesuit having a garment 10 and a helmet 12 provided with a transparent visor 14.
  • a neck seal 16 coming to apply against the skin separates the space surrounding the head, occupied by gas having a satisfactory quality for breathing, space surrounding the rest of the body.
  • the garment is advantageously equipped with a network of pipes making it possible to organize the circulation of ventilation gases along the limbs and the torso.
  • this network of pipes comprises a distributor 18 between pipes 20 for supplying gas to the ends of the members, the return being effected by circulation along the members towards the surrounding space the chest.
  • the garment 10 carries one or more calibrated valves 22 for maintaining a determined overpressure in the spacesuit.
  • This overpressure will often be around 2 mil ⁇ libars in the case of use of the spacesuit in an atmosphere at normal atmospheric pressure. It is sufficient to avoid the invasion of the spacesuit by
  • a reserve of respiratory gas constituted, in the case of FIG. 1, by a
  • This tank belongs to a converter whose general constitution is similar to that of the converters commonly used at present in aeronautics. It is equipped with a pressure regulator classi ⁇ that pressure regulation at 5 bars for example, (not
  • a fraction of the gas which leaves the coil 26 supplies a rotary pneumatic motor 30, the outlet of which is connected to a pipe 32 which opens into the helmet 12 by 2 ⁇ through an economizer bag 46.
  • the breathing gas which reaches the helmet therefore does not mix with the gas occupying the interior of the garment.
  • the motor 30 is coupled to a fan 34 intended to take gas from the garment 10 to circulate it in the exchanger 28, where this withdrawn gas cools and dries and to send it to the distributor 18
  • the heat exchanger 28 can include a casing 36 for guiding the gas, provided at its base with means for discharging the condensates, which can be reduced to a tube 38 of small section.
  • the rest of the respiratory gas leaving the coil feeds a demand regulator 48 having reference pressure taps in the garment and the helmet and feeding the helmet.
  • This regulator 48 is designed to maintain in the helmet 12 a determined overpressure (2 milli ⁇ bars for example) relative to the garment 10. It can in particular lead into the helmet by a diffuser 50 for demisting the visor 14.
  • the equipment also comprises an oro-nasal mask 52 provided with an inspiration valve in the helmet and with a non-return valve 54 for exhalation towards a pipe opening to the atmosphere by a calibrated valve 15.
  • Another tared valve 56 connects the piping to the garment 10, through the neck gasket 16.
  • the valve 56 is tared to open at a pressure difference less than that which opens the valve 15, but greater than the difference pressure maintained in normal operation between the helmet and the garment by the regulator 48. In normal operation, the valve 56 is therefore closed.
  • valves 15 and 56 can be set to 4 millibars and 3 millibars, respectively.
  • the valves 22 close and no longer regulate overpressure.
  • the valve 56 opens upon expiration, which is done in the garment.
  • the gases thus supplied escape by the possible leak, ensuring a sweeping which reduces the contamination.
  • This degraded mode of operation retains the protective hierarchies to be respected (respiratory tract, eyes, then body).
  • the reserve of respiratory gas is constituted by a bottle 24a of compressed gas provided with a regulator 60.
  • the ventilation circuit may in this case have any of the constitutions currently known and used.
  • This embodiment still provides the desirable protection hierarchy. It avoids, due to direct expiration in the atmosphere, the accumulation of C0 2 and the risk of condensation of water vapor in the helmet or the diving suit. It discharges the calories contained in the exhalation gases at 37 ° C directly to the atmosphere.
  • the simplified embodiment shown in Figure 3 does not include an oro-nasal mask.
  • the diffuser 50 and the turbine 32 are arranged so as to bring in fresh gas from the reserve in the oro ⁇ nasal area by opposing the dispersion of the exhaled gases, so that they escape through the calibrated valve. 15 expiration towards the atmosphere.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to considerably slow down the rise in the rate of C ⁇ 2 “The staggering of the calibration of the valves 15, 22 and 56 (opening for example under overpressures of 4, 2 and 3 millibars) is the same as in the case Figures 1 and 2.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Abstract

L'équipement individuel, utilisable en cas d'intervention en atmosphère délétère, comprend un scaphandre ayant un vêtement souple (10) et un casque (12) muni d'une visière transparente et comprenant une alimentation autonome en gaz respiratoire à partir d'une réserve de gaz. La face est séparée du vêtement par un joint de cou (16). La réserve (24) est reliée à un circuit respiratoire débouchant dans le casque à travers un régulateur (48) prévu pour maintenir le volume autour de la face en surpression par rapport au vêtement. L'équipement comporte encore un masque oro-nasal (52) ayant un clapet d'aspiration à partir du casque et une tuyauterie d'expiration directe vers l'ambiance à travers des moyens anti-retour tarés.The personal equipment, usable in the event of intervention in a deleterious atmosphere, comprises a diving suit having a flexible garment (10) and a helmet (12) provided with a transparent visor and comprising an autonomous supply of respiratory gas from a gas reserve. The face is separated from the garment by a neck seal (16). The reserve (24) is connected to a breathing circuit opening into the helmet through a regulator (48) provided to maintain the volume around the face in overpressure with respect to the garment. The equipment also includes an oro-nasal mask (52) having a suction valve from the helmet and direct exhalation piping to the environment through calibrated non-return means.

Description

EQUIPEMENT INDIVIDUEL DE PROTECTION A SCAPHANDRE ET ALIMENTATION AUTONOME PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WITH SCAPHANDRE AND SELF-CONTAINED FEEDING
La présente invention a pour objet un équipement individuel de protection en ambiance hostile, notamment en atmosphère contenant des produits toxiques ou corrosifs, comprenant un scaphandre ayant un vêtement souple et un casque muni d'une visière transparente et ayant une alimen¬ tation autonome en gaz respiratoire à partir d'une réserve de gaz.The present invention relates to individual protective equipment in a hostile atmosphere, in particular in an atmosphere containing toxic or corrosive products, comprising a diving suit having a flexible garment and a helmet provided with a transparent visor and having an autonomous gas supply. breathing from a gas reserve.
La plupart des équipements existants de ce type ne tiennent pas compte de la hiérarchie de protection qu'il est souhaitable de réaliser : les voies respiratoires et les yeux qui doivent être protégés prioritairement contre les produits toxiques, corrosifs ou irritants, notamment les fumées pour les équipements destinés aux pompiers de¬ vant intervenir en cas d'incendie dans des locaux indus¬ triels ou sur des machines, puis le corps. Les gaz expirés, contenant du CO2 et de la vapeur d'eau, se diluent dans 1'ensemble de 1'atmosphère entourant la tête et le corps et augmentent la teneur en CO2 à un point qui peut devenir dangereux. Ils sont vulnérables à des déchirures ou perfo¬ rations du vêtement, qui présente un risque de fuite beau¬ coup plus important que le casque.Most of the existing equipment of this type does not take into account the hierarchy of protection that it is desirable to achieve: the respiratory tract and the eyes which must be protected as a priority against toxic, corrosive or irritant products, in particular the fumes for the equipment intended for firefighters before intervening in the event of a fire in industrial premises or on machinery, then the body. The exhaled gases, containing CO2 and water vapor, dilute throughout the atmosphere surrounding the head and body and increase the CO2 content to a point which can become dangerous. They are vulnerable to tears or perforations in the garment, which presents a much greater risk of leakage than the helmet.
L'invention vise notamment à fournir un équipement de protection assurant un haut niveau de sécurité par respect de la hiérarchie des points sensibles du corps et permettant de pallier, dans une certaine mesure, les consé¬ quences d'une fuite. Elle vise également à ralentir l'augmentation de teneur en vapeur d'eau et en gaz carboni¬ que autour du corps.The invention aims in particular to provide protective equipment ensuring a high level of security by respecting the hierarchy of sensitive points of the body and making it possible to mitigate, to a certain extent, the consequences of a leak. It also aims to slow down the increase in water vapor and carbon dioxide gas around the body.
Dans ce but, l'invention propose notamment un équi¬ pement de protection individuel du type ci-dessus défini, caractérisé en ce que le visage est séparé du vêtement par un joint, par exemple un joint facial ou de cou, en ce que la réserve de gaz respiratoire est reliée à un circuit res¬ piratoire débouchant dans le casque à travers un régulateur prévu pour maintenir le casque en surpression par rapport au vêtement et en ce que l'équipement comporte un masque oro-nasal ayant un clapet d'aspiration à partir du casque et une tuyauterie d'expiration directe vers l'ambiance à travers des moyens anti-retour tarés.To this end, the invention proposes in particular an individual protective equipment of the type defined above, characterized in that the face is separated from the garment by a seal, for example a face or neck seal, in that the reserve of respiratory gas is connected to a respiratory circuit opening into the helmet through a regulator provided to maintain the helmet in overpressure relative to the garment and in that the equipment comprises an oro-nasal mask having a suction valve from the helmet and a direct exhalation piping to the atmosphere through calibrated non-return means.
Grâce à cette disposition l'expiration se fait, en fonctionnement normal, directement à l'ambiance, hors du scaphandre, ce qui évite de conserver la vapeur d'eau, le gaz carbonique et les calories des gaz expirés. De plus les voies respiratoires restent alimentées en gaz respiratoire de qualité satisfaisante même en cas de fuite dans le vête¬ ment. La réserve de gaz est bien utilisée puisqu'elle ne sert qu'à la respiration alors que dans les équipements an¬ térieurs elle devait fournir un débit suffisant pour assu¬ rer la ventilation en circuit ouvert.Thanks to this arrangement, the expiration is made, in normal operation, directly to the atmosphere, out of the spacesuit, which avoids conserving water vapor, carbon dioxide and calories from exhaled gases. In addition, the respiratory tract remains supplied with respiratory gas of satisfactory quality even in the event of a leak in the clothing. The gas reserve is well used since it is only used for breathing, whereas in previous equipment it had to provide a sufficient flow rate to provide open circuit ventilation.
Dans un mode avantageux de réalisation, les moyens anti-retour tarés comprennent un premier clapet prévu pour maintenir dans le casque une surpression supérieure à la surpression maximale dans le vêtement, fixée par d'autres clapets tarés. Un clapet taré supplémentaire peut alors re¬ lier une partie de la canalisation qui est comprise entre le premier clapet taré, débitant à l'ambiance, et la sortie du masque, à l'intérieur du vêtement, à travers le joint. Un clapet anti-retour est avantageusement placé à la sortie du masque pour accroître la protection NBC. En donnant un tarage convenable aux différents clapets, l'expiration se fait dans le vêtement en cas d'incident réduisant la pres¬ sion dans ce dernier. Les gaz ainsi apportés s'échappent par la fuite éventuelle et assurent un balayage réduisant la contamination.In an advantageous embodiment, the tared non-return means comprise a first valve intended to maintain in the helmet an overpressure greater than the maximum overpressure in the garment, fixed by other calibrated valves. An additional calibrated valve can then re¬ link part of the pipe which is between the first calibrated valve, delivering the atmosphere, and the outlet of the mask, inside the garment, through the joint. A non-return valve is advantageously placed at the outlet of the mask to increase NBC protection. By giving a suitable setting to the different valves, the expiration is made in the garment in the event of an incident reducing the pressure in the latter. The gases thus supplied escape by the possible leak and ensure a sweeping reducing the contamination.
Dans un équipement de protection individuel suivant un autre aspect de l'invention, la face est séparée du vê¬ tement par un joint d'isolement ; la réserve de gaz respi¬ ratoire est reliée à un circuit respiratoire débouchant dans le casque à travers un régulateur prévu pour maintenir le volume autour de la face en surpression par rapport au vêtement ; et 1'équipement comporte également des moyens anti-retour tarés d'expiration vers l'ambiance et un clapet taré d'admission d'air expiré dans le vêtement lorsque la surpression d'expiration par rapport au vêtement dépasse une valeur déterminée.In personal protective equipment according to another aspect of the invention, the face is separated from the clothing by an isolation joint; the reserve of breathing gas is connected to a breathing circuit opening out in the helmet through a regulator provided to maintain the volume around the face in overpressure relative to the garment; and the equipment also includes non-return tared expiration means towards the environment and a calibrated valve for admitting exhaled air into the garment when the expiration overpressure relative to the garment exceeds a determined value.
En plus du circuit respiratoire en circuit ouvert, le scaphandre comporte avantageusement un circuit de ventilation, pouvant être en circuit ouvert ou fermé.In addition to the respiratory circuit in open circuit, the diving suit advantageously comprises a ventilation circuit, which can be in open or closed circuit.
La réserve de gaz respiratoire peut être consti¬ tuée, de façon classique, par une bouteille de gaz compri¬ mé. Elle peut également être constituée par un réservoir de gaz liquéfié.The respiratory gas reserve can be constituted, in a conventional manner, by a bottle of compressed gas. It can also be constituted by a tank of liquefied gas.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels :The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of particular embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 montre schématiquement la constitu¬ tion générale d'un équipement individuel de protection suivant un premier mode de mise en oeuvre de 1'invention ;- Figure 1 schematically shows the general constitution of an individual protective equipment according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 2, similaire à la figure 1, montre un autre mode de réalisation ;- Figure 2, similar to Figure 1, shows another embodiment;
- la figure 3, similaire à la figure 2, montre un mode de réalisation simplifié.- Figure 3, similar to Figure 2, shows a simplified embodiment.
L'équipement respiratoire montré schématiquement sur la figure 1 comporte un scaphandre ayant un vêtement 10 et un casque 12 muni d'une visière transparente 14. Un joint de cou 16 venant s'appliquer contre la peau sépare l'espace entourant la tête, occupé par du gaz ayant une qualité satisfaisante pour la respiration, de l'espace en¬ tourant le reste du corps.The respiratory equipment shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises a spacesuit having a garment 10 and a helmet 12 provided with a transparent visor 14. A neck seal 16 coming to apply against the skin separates the space surrounding the head, occupied by gas having a satisfactory quality for breathing, space surrounding the rest of the body.
Le vêtement est avantageusement équipé d'un réseau de canalisations permettant d'organiser la circulation de gaz de ventilation le long des membres et du torse. Dans l mode de réalisation de la figure 1, ce réseau .de canalisa¬ tions comporte un répartiteur 18 entre des conduites 20 d'amenée de gaz vers les extrémités des membres, le retour s'effectuant par circulation le long des membres vers l'espace entourant le torse.The garment is advantageously equipped with a network of pipes making it possible to organize the circulation of ventilation gases along the limbs and the torso. In L embodiment of FIG. 1, this network of pipes comprises a distributor 18 between pipes 20 for supplying gas to the ends of the members, the return being effected by circulation along the members towards the surrounding space the chest.
Le vêtement 10 porte une ou plusieurs soupapes 22 tarées de maintien d'une surpression déterminée dans le scaphandre. Cette surpression sera souvent d'environ 2 mil¬ libars dans le cas d'une utilisation du scaphandre en at¬ mosphère sous pression atmosphérique normale. Elle est suf¬ fisante pour éviter l'envahissement du scaphandre par desThe garment 10 carries one or more calibrated valves 22 for maintaining a determined overpressure in the spacesuit. This overpressure will often be around 2 mil¬ libars in the case of use of the spacesuit in an atmosphere at normal atmospheric pressure. It is sufficient to avoid the invasion of the spacesuit by
10 produits toxiques ou corrosifs en provenance de 1'extérieur.10 toxic or corrosive products from outside.
Dans une poche attenant au vêtement 10, ou à 1'in¬ térieur même de ce vêtement, est placée une réserve de gaz respiratoire constituée, dans le cas de la figure 1, par unIn a pocket adjoining the garment 10, or even inside the garment, is placed a reserve of respiratory gas constituted, in the case of FIG. 1, by a
15 réservoir 24 de gaz liquéfié. Ce réservoir appartient à un convertisseur dont la constitution générale est similaire à celle des convertisseurs couramment utilisés à l'heure ac¬ tuelle en aéronautique. Il est muni d'un détendeur classi¬ que de régulation de pression à 5 bars par exemple, (non15 tank 24 of liquefied gas. This tank belongs to a converter whose general constitution is similar to that of the converters commonly used at present in aeronautics. It is equipped with a pressure regulator classi¬ that pressure regulation at 5 bars for example, (not
20 représenté), et alimente le serpentin 26 d'un échangeur de chaleur 28.20 shown), and supplies the coil 26 with a heat exchanger 28.
Une fraction du gaz qui sort du serpentin 26 ali¬ mente un moteur pneumatique rotatif 30 dont la sortie est reliée à une conduite 32 qui débouche dans le casque 12 par 2^ l'intermédiaire d'un sac économiseur 46. Le gaz respiratoi¬ re qui parvient au casque ne se mélange donc pas au gaz oc¬ cupant l'intérieur du vêtement. Le moteur 30 est attelé à un ventilateur 34 destiné à prélever du gaz dans le vête¬ ment 10 à le faire circuler dans l'échangeur 28, où ce gaz on prélevé se refroidit et se dessèche et à 1'envoyer au ré¬ partiteur 18. Pour cela l'échangeur de chaleur 28 peut com¬ porter une enveloppe 36 de guidage du gaz, munie à sa base de moyens d'évacuation des condensats, qui peuvent se ré¬ duire à un tube 38 de faible section. 5 Le reste du gaz respiratoire sortant du serpentin alimente un régulateur à la demande 48 ayant des prises de pression de référence dans le vêtement et le casque et ali¬ mentant le casque. Ce régulateur 48 est prévu pour mainte¬ nir dans le casque 12 une surpression déterminée (2 milli¬ bars par exemple) par rapport au vêtement 10. Il peut no¬ tamment déboucher dans le casque par un diffuseur 50 de dé¬ sembuage de la visière 14.A fraction of the gas which leaves the coil 26 supplies a rotary pneumatic motor 30, the outlet of which is connected to a pipe 32 which opens into the helmet 12 by 2 ^ through an economizer bag 46. The breathing gas which reaches the helmet therefore does not mix with the gas occupying the interior of the garment. The motor 30 is coupled to a fan 34 intended to take gas from the garment 10 to circulate it in the exchanger 28, where this withdrawn gas cools and dries and to send it to the distributor 18 For this, the heat exchanger 28 can include a casing 36 for guiding the gas, provided at its base with means for discharging the condensates, which can be reduced to a tube 38 of small section. 5 The rest of the respiratory gas leaving the coil feeds a demand regulator 48 having reference pressure taps in the garment and the helmet and feeding the helmet. This regulator 48 is designed to maintain in the helmet 12 a determined overpressure (2 milli¬ bars for example) relative to the garment 10. It can in particular lead into the helmet by a diffuser 50 for demisting the visor 14.
L'équipement comporte également un masque oro-nasal 52 muni d'un clapet d'inspiration dans le casque et d'un clapet anti-retour 54 d'expiration vers une tuyauterie dé¬ bouchant à l'atmosphère par un clapet taré 15. Un autre clapet taré 56 relie la tuyauterie au vêtement 10, à tra¬ vers le joint de cou 16. Le clapet 56 est taré pour s'ouvrir sous une différence de pression inférieure à celle qui ouvre le clapet 15, mais supérieure à la différence de pression maintenue en fonctionnement normal entre le casque et le vêtement par le régulateur 48. En fonctionnement nor¬ mal, le clapet 56 est donc fermé.The equipment also comprises an oro-nasal mask 52 provided with an inspiration valve in the helmet and with a non-return valve 54 for exhalation towards a pipe opening to the atmosphere by a calibrated valve 15. Another tared valve 56 connects the piping to the garment 10, through the neck gasket 16. The valve 56 is tared to open at a pressure difference less than that which opens the valve 15, but greater than the difference pressure maintained in normal operation between the helmet and the garment by the regulator 48. In normal operation, the valve 56 is therefore closed.
Si la différence de pression entre le casque et le vêtement est de 2 millibars en fonctionnement normal, les clapets 15 et 56 peuvent être tarés à 4 millibars et 3 millibars, respectivement.If the pressure difference between the helmet and the garment is 2 millibars in normal operation, the valves 15 and 56 can be set to 4 millibars and 3 millibars, respectively.
Grâce à cette disposition, en fonctionnement normal l'expiration se fait directement vers l'ambiance, hors du scaphandre, ce qui évite de conserver la vapeur d'eau et le gaz carbonique expirés.Thanks to this arrangement, in normal operation the expiration takes place directly towards the atmosphere, out of the spacesuit, which avoids conserving the expired water vapor and carbon dioxide.
En cas d'incident réduisant la pression dans le vê¬ tement (déchirure ou mouvement brusque) les clapets 22 se ferment et ne régulent plus de surpression. Le clapet 56 s'ouvre lors de l'expiration, qui se fait dans le vêtement. Les gaz ainsi apportés s'échappent par la fuite éventuelle, assurant un balayage qui réduit la contamination. Ce mode dégradé de fonctionnement conserve les hiérarchies de protection à respecter (voies respiratoires, yeux, puis corps). Dans la variante de réalisation montrée en figure 2, où les éléments correspondant à ceux de la figure 1 sont désignés par le même numéro de référence, la réserve de gaz respiratoire est constituée par une bouteille 24a de gaz comprimé munie d'un détendeur 60. Le circuit de ventilation peut avoir dans ce cas une quelconque des constitutions ac¬ tuellement connues et utilisées. Ce mode de réalisation as¬ sure encore la hiérarchie de protection souhaitable. Il évite, du fait de l'expiration directe à l'atmosphère, l'accumulation de C02 et le risque de condensation de va¬ peur d'eau dans le casque ou le scaphandre. Il évacue di¬ rectement à l'atmosphère les calories contenus dans les gaz d'expiration à 37°C.In the event of an incident reducing the pressure in the garment (tearing or sudden movement) the valves 22 close and no longer regulate overpressure. The valve 56 opens upon expiration, which is done in the garment. The gases thus supplied escape by the possible leak, ensuring a sweeping which reduces the contamination. This degraded mode of operation retains the protective hierarchies to be respected (respiratory tract, eyes, then body). In the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 2, where the elements corresponding to those of FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference number, the reserve of respiratory gas is constituted by a bottle 24a of compressed gas provided with a regulator 60. The ventilation circuit may in this case have any of the constitutions currently known and used. This embodiment still provides the desirable protection hierarchy. It avoids, due to direct expiration in the atmosphere, the accumulation of C0 2 and the risk of condensation of water vapor in the helmet or the diving suit. It discharges the calories contained in the exhalation gases at 37 ° C directly to the atmosphere.
Le mode simplifié de réalisation montré en figure 3 ne comporte pas de masque oro-nasal. En contrepartie le diffuseur 50 et la turbine 32 sont disposés de façon à ame¬ ner du gaz frais provenant de la réserve dans la zone oro¬ nasale en sOpposant à la dispersion des gaz expirés, afin qu'ils s'échappent par le clapet taré 15 d'expiration vers l'ambiance. Une telle disposition permet de ralentir considérablement la montée du taux de Cθ2« L'échelonnement du tarage des clapets 15, 22 et 56 (s'ouvrant par exemple sous des surpressions de 4, 2 et 3 millibars) est le même que dans le cas des figures 1 et 2. The simplified embodiment shown in Figure 3 does not include an oro-nasal mask. In return, the diffuser 50 and the turbine 32 are arranged so as to bring in fresh gas from the reserve in the oro¬ nasal area by opposing the dispersion of the exhaled gases, so that they escape through the calibrated valve. 15 expiration towards the atmosphere. Such an arrangement makes it possible to considerably slow down the rise in the rate of Cθ2 “The staggering of the calibration of the valves 15, 22 and 56 (opening for example under overpressures of 4, 2 and 3 millibars) is the same as in the case Figures 1 and 2.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Equipement individuel de protection comprenant un scaphandre ayant un vêtement souple (10) et un casque (12) muni d'une visière transparente et comprenant une ali¬ mentation autonome en gaz respiratoire à partir d'une ré¬ serve de gaz, caractérisé en ce que la face est séparée du vêtement par un joint d'isolement de la face, tel qu'un joint de cou (16), en ce que la réserve de gaz respiratoire (24,24a) est reliée à un circuit respiratoire débouchant dans le casque à travers un régulateur (48) prévu pour maintenir le volume autour de la face en surpression par rapport au vêtement et en ce que 1'équipement comporte encore un masque oro-nasal (52) ayant un clapet d'asp¬ iration à partir du casque et une tuyauterie d'expiration directe vers l'ambiance à travers des moyens anti-retour tarés.1. Individual protective equipment comprising a suit having a flexible garment (10) and a helmet (12) provided with a transparent visor and comprising an autonomous supply of respiratory gas from a gas reservoir, characterized in that the face is separated from the garment by an isolation seal on the face, such as a neck seal (16), in that the reserve of respiratory gas (24, 24a) is connected to a through breathing circuit in the helmet through a regulator (48) provided to maintain the volume around the face in overpressure relative to the garment and in that the equipment also comprises an oro-nasal mask (52) having a suction valve from the helmet and direct exhalation piping to the atmosphere through tared non-return means.
2. Equipement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens anti-retour tarés comprennent un pre¬ mier clapet (15) prévu pour maintenir dans le casque une surpression supérieure à la surpression maximale dans le vêtement, fixée par d'autres clapets (22).2. Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibrated non-return means comprise a first valve (15) provided to maintain in the helmet an overpressure greater than the maximum overpressure in the garment, fixed by other valves (22).
3. Equipement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un second clapet taré (56) reliant une portion de la canalisation comprise entre le premier clapet taré (15) débouchant à l'ambiance et au vêtement (10), à travers le joint (16).3. Equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a second calibrated valve (56) connecting a portion of the pipe between the first calibrated valve (15) opening into the atmosphere and the clothing (10), through the seal (16).
4. Equipement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un clapet (54) anti-retour placé sur le masque (52) à l'entrée de la canalisation.4. Equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a non-return valve (54) placed on the mask (52) at the entrance to the pipeline.
5. Equipement individuel de protection comprenant un scaphandre ayant un vêtement souple (10) et un casque (12) muni d'une visière transparente et comprenant une ali¬ mentation autonome en gaz respiratoire à partir d'une ré¬ serve de gaz, caractérisé en ce que la face est séparée du vêtement par un joint d'isolement de la face, tel qu'u joint de cou (16), en ce que la réserve de gaz respiratoire (24,24a) est reliée à un circuit respiratoire débouchant dans le casque à travers un régulateur (48) prévu pour maintenir le volume autour de la face en surpression par rapport au vêtement et en ce que l'équipement comporte également des moyens anti-retour tarés d'expiration vers l'ambiance et un clapet taré d'admission d'air expiré dans le vêtement lorsque la surpression d'expiration par rapport au vêtement dépasse une valeur déterminée. 5. Individual protective equipment comprising a diving suit having a flexible garment (10) and a helmet (12) provided with a transparent visor and comprising an autonomous supply of respiratory gas from a gas reservoir, characterized in that the face is separated from the garment by an isolation seal from the face, such as a neck seal (16), in that the reserve of respiratory gas (24, 24a) is connected to a respiratory circuit opening into the helmet through a regulator (48) designed to maintain the volume around the face in overpressure relative to to the garment and in that the equipment also includes tared non-return means for exhalation towards the environment and a tared valve for admitting exhaled air into the garment when the exhalation overpressure relative to the garment exceeds a determined value.
6. Equipement selon la revendication 1 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le régulateur à la demande (48) comporte des prises de pression de référence dans le vêtement et dans le casque de façon à maintenir une surpres¬ sion déterminée, par exemple de 2 millibars, dans le casque par rapport au vêtement.6. Equipment according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the demand regulator (48) comprises reference pressure taps in the garment and in the helmet so as to maintain a determined surpres¬ sion, for example 2 millibars, in the helmet compared to the clothing.
7. Equipement selon les revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que le second clapet taré (56) est taré pour s'ouvrir sous une différence de pression inférieure à celle qui ouvre le premier clapet (15), mais supérieure à la différence de pression maintenue en fonctionnement normal entre le casque et le vêtement par le régulateur à la demande (48).7. Equipment according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the second calibrated valve (56) is calibrated to open under a pressure difference less than that which opens the first valve (15), but greater than the difference of pressure maintained in normal operation between the helmet and the garment by the demand regulator (48).
8. Equipement selon la revendication 1, 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la réserve de gaz est un réservoir de gaz respiratoire liquéfié et en ce que le circuit respira¬ toire est alimenté par le réservoir à travers le circuit primaire d'un échangeur de chaleur (28) et le circuit respiratoire et est attelé à un ventilateur (34) de circu¬ lation d'air de ventilation du vêtement (10) dans un circuit fermé passant par l'échangeur (28).8. Equipment according to claim 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that the gas reserve is a reservoir of liquefied respiratory gas and in that the respiratory circuit is supplied by the reservoir through the primary circuit of an exchanger heat (28) and the respiratory circuit and is coupled to a ventilator (34) for circulating air for ventilation of the garment (10) in a closed circuit passing through the exchanger (28).
9. Equipement selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une fraction seulement du débit de gaz respiratoire provenant du circuit primaire (26) de l'échangeur (28) passe dans le moteur pneumatique (30), le reste du débit de gaz alimentant la partie du casque (12) recouvrant la face par l'intermédiaire d'un régulateur à la demande (48) d'adapta- tion à la respiration du porteur.9. Equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that only a fraction of the flow of respiratory gas from the primary circuit (26) of the exchanger (28) passes into the pneumatic motor (30), the rest of the gas flow supplying the part of the helmet (12) covering the face by means of a demand regulator (48) for adaptation tion to the wearer's breathing.
10. Equipement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par un sac économiseur (46) placé dans le vêtement et interposé sur le circuit d'alimentation en gaz respiratoire. 10. Equipment according to claim 1, characterized by an economizer bag (46) placed in the garment and interposed on the respiratory gas supply circuit.
EP92900827A 1990-11-27 1991-11-25 Personal protection equipment including a suit with a self-contained supply system Ceased EP0513312A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9014812A FR2669542B1 (en) 1990-11-27 1990-11-27 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WITH SCAPHANDRE AND SELF-CONTAINED FEEDING.
FR9014812 1990-11-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0513312A1 true EP0513312A1 (en) 1992-11-19

Family

ID=9402640

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92900827A Ceased EP0513312A1 (en) 1990-11-27 1991-11-25 Personal protection equipment including a suit with a self-contained supply system

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5309901A (en)
EP (1) EP0513312A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05504086A (en)
CA (1) CA2074378C (en)
FR (1) FR2669542B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992009332A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2669542B1 (en) 1993-02-19
WO1992009332A1 (en) 1992-06-11
US5309901A (en) 1994-05-10
JPH05504086A (en) 1993-07-01
CA2074378C (en) 1998-08-25
CA2074378A1 (en) 1992-05-28
FR2669542A1 (en) 1992-05-29

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