EP0513159B1 - A method of supplying coal and sulphur absorbent to a combustor, and a power plant in which the method is applied - Google Patents

A method of supplying coal and sulphur absorbent to a combustor, and a power plant in which the method is applied Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0513159B1
EP0513159B1 EP91903931A EP91903931A EP0513159B1 EP 0513159 B1 EP0513159 B1 EP 0513159B1 EP 91903931 A EP91903931 A EP 91903931A EP 91903931 A EP91903931 A EP 91903931A EP 0513159 B1 EP0513159 B1 EP 0513159B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coal
fraction
combustor
coarser
paste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91903931A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0513159A1 (en
Inventor
Roine Brännström
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Stal AB
Original Assignee
ABB Stal AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Stal AB filed Critical ABB Stal AB
Publication of EP0513159A1 publication Critical patent/EP0513159A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/16—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures, e.g. by the arrangement of the combustion chamber and its auxiliary systems inside a pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
    • F23K1/02—Mixing solid fuel with a liquid, e.g. preparing slurries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to method of supplying coal and sulphur absorbent to a combustor according to the precharacterising part of claim 1. Such a method is known from the US-A-4 259 911.
  • the invention also relates to a power plant in which the method is applied.
  • the invention relates to a method of supplying coal and sulphur absorbent to a combustor with combustion in a fluidized bed of particulate material. It is primarily intended for a plant with combustion of the coal at a pressure considerably above the atmospheric pressure, i.e. in a PFBC plant. PFBC are the initial letters of the expression Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion. The invention also relates to a power plant for application of the method.
  • Coal and absorbent are crushed and mixed.
  • a paste is prepared by the addition of water and possibly some emulsifying agent or oil which improves the transport properties of the paste.
  • the paste is pumped into the bed via nozzles.
  • This method is used for coal with a high ash content and/or a high sulphur content. No addition of water, which reduces the efficiency, is necessary. However, energy-demanding drying of the crushed material is required to prevent moist fine-grained material to clog lock hopper and transport systems. Dry fine-grained pulverized coal also entails an explosion hazard which may require inert gas in the lock hopper system, which greatly increases both the investment and the operating costs.
  • Coal is crushed and fed as a paste.
  • Absorbent is crushed and fed in dry state.
  • the finer fraction of the crushed coal is mixed with recycled coal char solids, and the mixture is then transported in dry state pneumatically and in dense face mode to the fluidized bed, where it is first preheated before being injected into the fluidized bed.
  • the coarser fraction of the crushed coal is mixed with limestone and then fed above the fluidized bed into the combustor.
  • coal is crushed into a maximum grain size suitable for feeding into and combustion in a fluidized bed.
  • This crushed coal is divided into a coarser and a finer fraction.
  • the finer fraction suitably contains coal particles smaller than about 0.5-1.0 mm and the coarser fraction contains coal particles between about 0.5-1.0 mm and about 7 mm.
  • This coarser coal fraction is supplied pneumatically to the combustor via a lock hopper system and nozzles, either separately or together with crushed sulphur absorbent. Because fine coal particles have been separated, the explosion hazard is eliminated in case of storage in pressurized containers and the risk of clogging of the transport devices is reduced in case of pneumatic transport.
  • a device described in Swedish patent application 8502301-8 may also be used.
  • a paste is prepared by the addition of water and possibly an emulsifier or oil. Since paste is prepared only from a smaller amount of fuel, the addition of water in relation to the total fuel quantity, and hence the efficiency losses, are insignificant. Since paste is prepared only from fine-grained material, good pumpability of the paste may be obtained with a low water content since the paste is free from coarse particles which tend to sediment and cause clogging of conveying pipes.
  • the need to achieve a well-balaced size distribution of the crushed material during the crushing is in all essentials eliminated, the crushing is simplified and the energy consumption for the crushing of the coal is reduced, the explosion hazard is reduced and the water supply to the combustor is insignificant and hence the efficiency losses by the water supply.
  • the containers in the lock hopper system may be pressurized with air, and inert gas (which is very expensive) does not have to be used.
  • Fuel nozzles may be placed relatively sparsely and within a limited region vertically near the air nozzles of the combustor bottom.
  • 10 designates a combustor which is placed inside a pressure vessel 12.
  • the space 13 is supplied with compressed combustion air from a compressor (not shown) via a conduit 14.
  • the combustor 10 contains a fluidizable bed of particulate material 16, in which a fuel is burnt.
  • the combustor 10 further accomodates tubes 18 for generation of steam for a steam turbine (not shown) and for cooling of the bed 16.
  • Combustion gases leaving the bed 16 are collected in the freeboard 20, are conducted in the conduit 22 to a cleaning plant 24, symbolized by a cyclone 24, in which dust is separated, and from the cyclone the gases are forwarded in a conduit 26 to a gas turbine (not shown). Separated dust is discharged from the cyclone 24 via the conduit 28.
  • Fuel paste is pumped to the combustor via the conduit 30 and the nozzles 32.
  • a coarser fuel fraction and sulphur absorbent are supplied to the combustor 10 via the conduit 34 and the nozzles 36.
  • the combustor 10 is supplied with air from the space 13 via nozzles 38 for fluidization of the material in the bed 16 and combustion of the supplied fuel.
  • Coal from a fuel storage 40 is crushed in a mill 42 and divided into a finer fraction 44 and a coarser fraction 46 in a screening plant 48.
  • Sulphur absorbent from an absorbent storage 50 is crushed in a crusher 52.
  • the coarse coal fraction 46 and the sulphur absorbent are transported pneumatically via the conduit 54 to a storage container 56 by means of transport gas from the compressor 58.
  • Via a lock hopper system with the containers 62 and 64 and the valves 66 and 68 and a rotary vane feeder 70 coal and absorbent are fed to the conveying pipe 34 and further via the nozzles 36 into the bed.
  • the transport gas consists of air which is taken from the pressure vessel 12 via the conduit 72. In the booster compressor 74 the pressure is increased.
  • the container 62 in the lock hopper system 60 must be capable of being pressurized and pressure-relieved.
  • the container 62 is connected to a pressure medium source (not shown) via a conduit 61 with a valve 63. Because of the absence of fine coal particles there is no explosion hazard and the container 62 need not be pressurized with inert gas but may be pressurized with air. This means a considerable advantage and simplification of the plant.
  • the container 62 is connected to a conduit 65 with a valve 67.
  • the conduit 65 leads to a space with atmospheric pressure.
  • the boundary between what should be regarded as small and large particles normally lies within the range 0.5-1.0 mm.
  • the maximum size for large particles should usually not exceed about 7 mm.
  • the finer coal fraction 44 is transported to a container 76, is mixed with water and possiby other additives and is prepared while being stirred with a stirrer 78 into a pumpable fuel paste 80.
  • This paste 80 is pumped with a paste pump 82 via the conduit 30 and the nozzles 32 to the combustor 10.
  • the finer coal fraction 44 may be transported to the container 76 by a mechanical transport device or, as shown in the figure, by a pneumatic transport device. In the latter case, one part of the screening plant is connected to the conveying pipe 84. Propellent gas is obtained from the compressor 58. Coal and transport gas are separated in the cyclone 86 above the container 76 and fall down into this.
  • the transport gas may be washed with water in a scrubber 88 so that dust remaining in the transport gas is removed.
  • Transport gas for the coarse coal fraction 46 and for the absorbent may be conducted from the container 56 through the conduit 90 to the cyclone 86 and the scrubber 88 and be cleaned there.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP91903931A 1990-02-01 1991-01-29 A method of supplying coal and sulphur absorbent to a combustor, and a power plant in which the method is applied Expired - Lifetime EP0513159B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9000354A SE465536B (sv) 1990-02-01 1990-02-01 Saett och anordning foer tillfoersel av kol och svavelabsorbent till en fluidiserad baedd
SE9000354 1990-02-01
PCT/SE1991/000063 WO1991011659A1 (en) 1990-02-01 1991-01-29 A method of supplying coal and sulphur absorbent to a combustor, and a power plant in which the method is applied

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0513159A1 EP0513159A1 (en) 1992-11-19
EP0513159B1 true EP0513159B1 (en) 1995-04-26

Family

ID=20378423

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91903931A Expired - Lifetime EP0513159B1 (en) 1990-02-01 1991-01-29 A method of supplying coal and sulphur absorbent to a combustor, and a power plant in which the method is applied

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0513159B1 (sv)
JP (1) JPH05504615A (sv)
AU (1) AU7235591A (sv)
DE (1) DE69109269T2 (sv)
DK (1) DK0513159T3 (sv)
ES (1) ES2074704T3 (sv)
FI (1) FI101825B1 (sv)
SE (1) SE465536B (sv)
WO (1) WO1991011659A1 (sv)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE9403568A0 (sv) * 1994-10-19 1996-04-20 Abb Carbon Ab Förfarande och anordning för inmatning av absorbent i en fluidiserad bädd
AT502048B1 (de) 2005-09-28 2007-01-15 Himmelfreundpointner Kurt Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschicken von verarbeitungsanlagen

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4259911A (en) * 1979-06-21 1981-04-07 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fluidized bed boiler feed system
US4434726A (en) * 1982-12-27 1984-03-06 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fine particulate feed system for fluidized bed furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI101825B (sv) 1998-08-31
ES2074704T3 (es) 1995-09-16
SE9000354L (sv) 1991-08-02
FI923409A0 (fi) 1992-07-28
SE465536B (sv) 1991-09-23
JPH05504615A (ja) 1993-07-15
DE69109269T2 (de) 1996-01-11
EP0513159A1 (en) 1992-11-19
SE9000354D0 (sv) 1990-02-01
WO1991011659A1 (en) 1991-08-08
DE69109269D1 (de) 1995-06-01
FI923409A (fi) 1992-07-28
FI101825B1 (sv) 1998-08-31
DK0513159T3 (da) 1995-10-02
AU7235591A (en) 1991-08-21

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