EP0509372B1 - Fuel injection method for a diesel engine with pilot injection - Google Patents

Fuel injection method for a diesel engine with pilot injection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0509372B1
EP0509372B1 EP92105985A EP92105985A EP0509372B1 EP 0509372 B1 EP0509372 B1 EP 0509372B1 EP 92105985 A EP92105985 A EP 92105985A EP 92105985 A EP92105985 A EP 92105985A EP 0509372 B1 EP0509372 B1 EP 0509372B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
liquid fuel
volume
injection
injector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92105985A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0509372A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Herrmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN Energy Solutions France SAS
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SEMT Pielstick SA
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Application filed by SEMT Pielstick SA filed Critical SEMT Pielstick SA
Publication of EP0509372A1 publication Critical patent/EP0509372A1/en
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Publication of EP0509372B1 publication Critical patent/EP0509372B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0228—Adding fuel and water emulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B7/00—Engines characterised by the fuel-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel
    • F02B7/02—Engines characterised by the fuel-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel the fuel in the charge being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2201/00—Fuels
    • F02B2201/06—Dual fuel applications
    • F02B2201/064—Liquid and gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel injection method for an internal combustion engine of the Diesel type using a gaseous main fuel and a secondary liquid fuel in the form of a pilot injection intended to initiate the combustion of the main fuel. This process is also called dual fuel injection.
  • the known injection process for engines of this type consists in initializing the combustion of the main fuel (gas) by injection of a liquid fuel representing 5 to 10% of the maximum volume that can be injected by the pump. injection.
  • This injection pump is designed to allow the engine to reach its maximum power only from liquid fuel, this in case of temporary absence of gaseous fuel.
  • the minimum value of the volume of liquid fuel injected is limited by the geometric precision of the production of the components of the injection pump and the injector. This precision determines the lower threshold below which the balance between the cylinders and the regularity of injection of a volume sufficient to initiate combustion can no longer be guaranteed (i.e. approximately the equivalent of 2% of the maximum energy that can be introduced).
  • the minimum value of the volume of liquid fuel injected is further limited by the dimensioning of the injector sprayer holes which are optimized to ensure correct spraying at full engine power. They then prove to be too large to spray under good conditions a few percent of the maximum flow rate.
  • the invention therefore relates to a fuel injection method for an internal combustion engine of the type Diesel using a gaseous main fuel and a secondary liquid fuel in the form of a pilot injection intended to initiate the combustion of the main fuel, the liquid fuel being injected by an injection pump designed to allow the engine to reach its maximum power only from the liquid fuel and by injector comprising spraying holes which are optimized to ensure a correct spraying of the liquid fuel at full engine power, characterized in that a mixture of water and fuel is prepared in the proportions allowing on pilot injection to initiate combustion and that this mixture is injected from said injection pump through said spray holes of said injector.
  • Dual oil engines generally use, for liquid fuel, an injection pump per engine cylinder, each cylinder having its injector. The arrival of gas in a cylinder is done with its own distribution system.
  • liquid fuel is injected by an injection pump designed to allow the engine to reach its maximum power only from liquid fuel.
  • An advantage of the invention is that no modification is to be made to the engine, the water-fuel mixture being able to be prepared outside the engine by a known process.
  • the volume of liquid fuel contained in the mixture can be reduced to the minimum thermodynamically necessary volume and compatible with the precision performance of the injection pump and the dimensioning of the injector sprayer holes. This minimum volume can be easily determined by tests.
  • a volume of liquid fuel in the mixture representing 2% to 7% of the maximum volume that can be injected by the pump is entirely satisfactory for the smooth running of the engine.
  • the volume of the pilot injection that is to say the quantity of mixture injected, can then represent between 5 and 10% of the maximum volume injectable by the pump.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel injection method for a diesel type internal combustion engine, using a main gaseous fuel and a secondary liquid fuel in the form of a pilot injection intended to initialise the combustion of the main fuel, the liquid fuel being injected by an injection pump designed so as to enable the engine to reach its maximum power only by use of the liquid fuel, characterised in that the pilot injection consists of a mixture of water and of liquid fuel.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'injection de combustibles pour un moteur à combustion interne du type Diesel utilisant un combustible principal gazeux et un combustible liquide secondaire sous forme d'une injection pilote destinée à initialiser la combustion du combustible principal. Ce procédé est encore appelé injection dual fioul.The present invention relates to a fuel injection method for an internal combustion engine of the Diesel type using a gaseous main fuel and a secondary liquid fuel in the form of a pilot injection intended to initiate the combustion of the main fuel. This process is also called dual fuel injection.

Il existe des moteurs Diesel fonctionnant avec deux combustibles, l'un gazeux et l'autre liquide. Le procédé d'injection connu pour les moteurs de ce type, dits dual fioul, consiste à initialiser la combustion du combustible principal (le gaz) par injection d'un combustible liquide représentant 5 à 10% du volume maximum pouvant être injecté par la pompe d'injection. Cette pompe d'injection est conçue pour permettre au moteur d'atteindre sa puissance maximum uniquement à partir du combustible liquide, ceci en cas d'absence momentanée du combustible gazeux.There are diesel engines operating on two fuels, one gaseous and the other liquid. The known injection process for engines of this type, called dual fuel, consists in initializing the combustion of the main fuel (gas) by injection of a liquid fuel representing 5 to 10% of the maximum volume that can be injected by the pump. injection. This injection pump is designed to allow the engine to reach its maximum power only from liquid fuel, this in case of temporary absence of gaseous fuel.

La valeur minimum du volume de combustible liquide injecté est limitée par la précision géométrique de la réalisation des composants de la pompe d'injection et de l'injecteur. Cette précision détermine le seuil inférieur au-dessous duquel on ne peut plus garantir l'équilibre entre les cylindres et la régularité d'injection d'un volume suffisant pour initialiser la combustion (soit environ l'équivalent de 2% de l'énergie maximum introductible). La valeur minimum du volume de combustible liquide injecté est limitée d'autre part par le dimensionnement des trous du pulvérisateur de l'injecteur qui sont optimisés pour assurer une pulvérisation correcte à pleine puissance du moteur. Ils se révèlent alors trop grands pour pulvériser dans de bonnes conditions quelques pourcents du débit maximum.The minimum value of the volume of liquid fuel injected is limited by the geometric precision of the production of the components of the injection pump and the injector. This precision determines the lower threshold below which the balance between the cylinders and the regularity of injection of a volume sufficient to initiate combustion can no longer be guaranteed (i.e. approximately the equivalent of 2% of the maximum energy that can be introduced). The minimum value of the volume of liquid fuel injected is further limited by the dimensioning of the injector sprayer holes which are optimized to ensure correct spraying at full engine power. They then prove to be too large to spray under good conditions a few percent of the maximum flow rate.

L'expérience montre que la réduction du volume de l'injection pilote entraîne la diminution des rejets de monoxyde de carbone et d'oxydes d'azote. Par ailleurs, le coût élevé du combustible liquide incite à réduire son utilisation.Experience shows that the reduction in the volume of the pilot injection leads to a reduction in the release of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Furthermore, the high cost of liquid fuel is an incentive to reduce its use.

L'article "Moteurs Diesel à quatre temps 'dual fuel' et leur adaptation pour la propulsion des méthaniers", par J. Gallois et J.Delesalle, publiée par l'Association Technique Maritime et Aéronautique, Paris, 1964, qui représente l'état de la technique le plus proche, décrit le procédé connu d'injection de combustibles pour un moteur Diesel utilisant une injection pilote et le document DE-C-3523687 décrit un procédé et un dispositif d'injection d'un mélange d'eau et de combustible liquide pour un moteur Diesel.The article "Dual-fuel four-stroke diesel engines and their adaptation for LNG propulsion", by J. Gallois and J. Delesalle, published by the Association Technique Maritime et Aéronautique, Paris, 1964, which represents the closest state of the art, describes the known fuel injection method for a diesel engine using pilot injection and the document DE-C-3523687 describes a method and a device for injecting a mixture of water and liquid fuel for a diesel engine.

Selon la présente invention, on propose de réduire le volume d'injection pilote de combustible liquide au minimum thermodynamiquement suffisant, indépendamment de la précision de réalisation de la pompe d'injection et du dimensionnement des trous du pulvérisateur. Ceci est réalisable en mélangeant de l'eau au combustible liquide.According to the present invention, it is proposed to reduce the pilot injection volume of liquid fuel to a thermodynamically sufficient minimum, independently of the precision of production of the injection pump and of the dimensioning of the holes in the sprayer. This can be done by mixing water with the liquid fuel.

L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé d'injection de combustibles pour un moteur à combustion interne du type Diesel utilisant un combustible principal gazeux et un combustible liquide secondaire sous forme d'une injection pilote destinée à initialiser la combustion du combustible principal, le combustible liquide étant injecté par une pompe d'injection conçue pour permettre au moteur d'atteindre sa puissance maximum uniquement à partir du combustible liquide et par injecteur comprenant des trous de pulvérisation qui sont optimisés pour assurer une pulvérisation correcte du combustible liquide à pleine puissance du moteur, caractérisé en ce que l'on prépare un mélange d'eau et du combustible dans les proportions permettant à l'injection pilote d'initialiser la combustion et que l'on injecte ce mélange à partir de ladite pompe d'injection par lesdits trous de pulvérisation dudit injecteur.The invention therefore relates to a fuel injection method for an internal combustion engine of the type Diesel using a gaseous main fuel and a secondary liquid fuel in the form of a pilot injection intended to initiate the combustion of the main fuel, the liquid fuel being injected by an injection pump designed to allow the engine to reach its maximum power only from the liquid fuel and by injector comprising spraying holes which are optimized to ensure a correct spraying of the liquid fuel at full engine power, characterized in that a mixture of water and fuel is prepared in the proportions allowing on pilot injection to initiate combustion and that this mixture is injected from said injection pump through said spray holes of said injector.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages apparaîtront grâce à la description qui va suivre donnée à titre non limitatif.The invention will be better understood and other advantages will become apparent from the following description given without limitation.

Les moteurs dual fioul utilisent en général, pour le combustible liquide, une pompe d'injection par cylindre du moteur, chaque cylindre possédant son injecteur. L'arrivée de gaz dans un cylindre se fait avec un système de distribution qui lui est propre.Dual oil engines generally use, for liquid fuel, an injection pump per engine cylinder, each cylinder having its injector. The arrival of gas in a cylinder is done with its own distribution system.

Pour un moteur de ce type, le combustible liquide est injecté par une pompe d'injection conçue pour permettre au moteur d'atteindre sa puissance maximum uniquement à partir du combustible liquide.For an engine of this type, the liquid fuel is injected by an injection pump designed to allow the engine to reach its maximum power only from liquid fuel.

En mélangeant de l'eau au combustible liquide dans des proportions permettant à l'injection pilote d'initialiser la combustion, on résout le problème de la régularité du volume injecté par la pompe puisque le volume de mélange injecté par la pompe devient une quantité raisonnable (par exemple entre 5 et 10 %). La pulvérisation dans l'injecteur se fait aussi de façon beaucoup plus correcte.By mixing water with the liquid fuel in proportions allowing the pilot injection to initiate combustion, we solve the problem of the regularity of the volume injected by the pump since the volume of mixture injected by the pump becomes a reasonable amount. (for example between 5 and 10%). Spraying in the injector is also much more correct.

Un avantage de l'invention est qu'aucune modification n'est à effectuer sur le moteur, le mélange eau-combustible pouvant être préparé en dehors du moteur par un procédé connu.An advantage of the invention is that no modification is to be made to the engine, the water-fuel mixture being able to be prepared outside the engine by a known process.

On peut baisser le volume de combustible liquide contenu dans le mélange jusqu'au volume minimum thermodynamiquement nécessaire et compatible avec les performances de précision de la pompe d'injection et le dimensionnement des trous du pulvérisateur de l'injecteur. Ce volume minimum peut être aisément déterminé par des essais.The volume of liquid fuel contained in the mixture can be reduced to the minimum thermodynamically necessary volume and compatible with the precision performance of the injection pump and the dimensioning of the injector sprayer holes. This minimum volume can be easily determined by tests.

Un volume de combustible liquide dans le mélange représentant 2 % à 7 % du volume maximum pouvant être injecté par la pompe est tout à fait satisfaisant pour la bonne marche du moteur.A volume of liquid fuel in the mixture representing 2% to 7% of the maximum volume that can be injected by the pump is entirely satisfactory for the smooth running of the engine.

Le volume de l'injection pilote, c'est-à-dire la quantité de mélange injecté, peut alors représenter entre 5 et 10 % du volume maximal injectable par la pompe.The volume of the pilot injection, that is to say the quantity of mixture injected, can then represent between 5 and 10% of the maximum volume injectable by the pump.

Claims (4)

  1. Fuel injection method for a diesel internal combustion engine using a gas main fuel and pilot injection of a liquid secondary fuel to initialise combustion of the main fuel, the liquid fuel being injected by an injector pump designed to enable the engine to achieve its maximum power with the liquid fuel only and by an injector comprising atomiser holes optimised for correct atomisation of the liquid fuel at full engine power, characterised in that a mixture of water and fuel is prepared in proportions such that the pilot injection can initialise combustion and this mixture is injected from said injector pump via said atomiser holes of said injector.
  2. Injection method according to claim 1 characterised in that the volume of liquid fuel contained in the mixture is the thermodynamically necessary minimum volume compatible with the precision of the injector pump and the dimensions of the injector atomiser holes.
  3. Method according to claim 1 characterised in that the volume of the mixture in the pilot injection represents 5 to 10% of the maximum volume that can be injected by the pump.
  4. Method according to claim 1 or claim 3 characterised in that the volume of the liquid fuel in the pilot injection represents 2% to 7% of the maximum volume that can be injected by the pump.
EP92105985A 1991-04-12 1992-04-07 Fuel injection method for a diesel engine with pilot injection Expired - Lifetime EP0509372B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9104514A FR2675208B1 (en) 1991-04-12 1991-04-12 METHOD FOR INJECTING FUELS FOR A DIESEL ENGINE USING PILOT INJECTION.
FR9104514 1991-04-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0509372A1 EP0509372A1 (en) 1992-10-21
EP0509372B1 true EP0509372B1 (en) 1995-05-24

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EP92105985A Expired - Lifetime EP0509372B1 (en) 1991-04-12 1992-04-07 Fuel injection method for a diesel engine with pilot injection

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US (1) US5243932A (en)
EP (1) EP0509372B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3307979B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100240609B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1028791C (en)
AT (1) ATE123110T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69202617T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0509372T3 (en)
FI (1) FI104115B (en)
FR (1) FR2675208B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6386149B1 (en) 1998-02-18 2002-05-14 Clean Fuel Technology, Inc. Method of operating an engine with a mixture of gaseous fuel and emulsified pilot fuel to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions
WO2004088109A1 (en) 2003-04-03 2004-10-14 Daimlerchrysler Ag Self-igniting internal combustion engine

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DE4337048C2 (en) * 1993-10-29 1996-01-11 Daimler Benz Ag Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine
JP3913785B2 (en) 1996-08-23 2007-05-09 カミンス エンジン カンパニー インコーポレイテッド Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control
US6230683B1 (en) 1997-08-22 2001-05-15 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control
US5682842A (en) * 1996-09-24 1997-11-04 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel control system for an internal combustion engine using an aqueous fuel emulsion
US5765537A (en) * 1997-01-17 1998-06-16 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel recirculation system
US6095101A (en) * 1997-01-29 2000-08-01 Man B&W Diesel A/S Internal combustion engine of the diesel type for combustion of gas, and a method of supplying such an engine with fuel
BR9904839A (en) 1998-02-23 2000-07-18 Cummins Engine Co Inc Compression blast engine with pre-mixed load with optimum combustion control
US6032617A (en) * 1998-05-27 2000-03-07 Caterpillar Inc. Dual fuel engine which ignites a homogeneous mixture of gaseous fuel, air, and pilot fuel
US6378487B1 (en) 2000-09-01 2002-04-30 International Truck And Engine Corporation Method and apparatus for pre-pilot fuel injection in diesel internal combustion engines
US6863034B2 (en) 2003-01-17 2005-03-08 Robert D. Kern Method of controlling a bi-fuel generator set
AU2003901841A0 (en) * 2003-04-16 2003-05-01 Orbital Australia Pty Ltd An improved fuel reformer and mixing chamber therefor
CN1312393C (en) * 2004-02-12 2007-04-25 上海交通大学 Injection system for two kinds of fuel of double fuel pump of diesel engine
WO2010148442A1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-29 Keith Murray Rumbel System & method of injecting combustible gas in liquid form into a diesel engine
AU2014361752B2 (en) * 2013-12-12 2017-12-07 Mosaic Technology Development Pty Ltd Vehicle fuel system
WO2023272392A1 (en) * 2021-06-29 2023-01-05 Westport Fuel Systems Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injecting a pilot fuel into an internal combustion engine

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DE3523687C1 (en) * 1985-07-03 1986-07-03 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Process for producing a diesel fuel-water emulsion for a diesel engine

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6386149B1 (en) 1998-02-18 2002-05-14 Clean Fuel Technology, Inc. Method of operating an engine with a mixture of gaseous fuel and emulsified pilot fuel to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions
WO2004088109A1 (en) 2003-04-03 2004-10-14 Daimlerchrysler Ag Self-igniting internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2675208A1 (en) 1992-10-16
CN1066909A (en) 1992-12-09
JP3307979B2 (en) 2002-07-29
DE69202617D1 (en) 1995-06-29
FI104115B1 (en) 1999-11-15
CN1028791C (en) 1995-06-07
US5243932A (en) 1993-09-14
FI921621A0 (en) 1992-04-10
DK0509372T3 (en) 1995-08-28
FI104115B (en) 1999-11-15
KR100240609B1 (en) 2000-01-15
FI921621A (en) 1992-10-13
FR2675208B1 (en) 1993-06-11
JPH06159108A (en) 1994-06-07
DE69202617T2 (en) 1995-09-21
KR920020069A (en) 1992-11-20
ATE123110T1 (en) 1995-06-15
EP0509372A1 (en) 1992-10-21

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